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ENGINEERING, INFORMATION AND AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY IN
THE GLOBAL DIGITAL REVOLUTION
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CIVIL ENGINEERING,
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY,
AND AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY (SCIS 2019), 10 JULY 2019, SEMARANG, INDONESIA

Engineering, Information and

Agricultural Technology in the
Global Digital Revolution

Editors
Aria Hendrawan
Universitas Semarang, Indonesia

Rifi Wijayanti Dual Arifin

Research Synergy Foundation, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
CRC Press/Balkema is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429322235
 Engineering, Information and Agricultural Technology in the
Global Digital Revolution – Hendrawan & Wijayanti Dual Arifin (eds)
© 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-367-33832-9

Table of contents

Foreword vii
Organizing Committee ix
Scientific Review Committee xi

Smart transportation that is integrated with information and communication technology will
accelerate the formation of the smart city 1
M. Handajani
Intergrading earth & disaster science to enable sustainable adaptation & mitigation 8
M. Koch
Using satellite images and GIS for proposing practical mitigation measures against floods
affecting Semarang City, Indonesia 11
A. Gaber
The computerization of Faarfield and Comfaa for the PCN value analysis of the runway
13-31 Ahmad Yani International Airport Semarang in 2018 16
W. Hermanto, B. Priyatno, P.A.P. Suwandi & A. Sutami
The influence of compressive mortar geopolymer strength on the addition of carbit waste ash
with a curing oven system 20
A. Kustirini, M. Qomaruddin, D.S. Budiningrum & I.E. Andammaliek
Implementing the augmented reality map to classify the damaged roads 27
S. Asmiatun, N. Wakhidah & A. Novitaputri
Briker server VoIP capability measurement over virtual local area network 32
W. Adhiwibowo & A.M. Hirzan
Internet of Things model for public lighting 37
B.V. Christioko, A.F. Daru, W. Adhiwibowo & R. Prativi
Estimating the water infiltration capability of weathered volcanic and alluvial soils based on
their moisture content: A case study in Tembalang District, Semarang City, Indonesia 41
B. Sudarmanto & A. Gaber
Feature selection for optimizing the Naive Bayes algorithm 47
T. Winarti & V. Vydia
Laboratory analysis of the effect of Sulfate in tidal water on the performance of asphalt
mixture 52
B.H. Setiadji, S.P.R. Wardani & K.P. Azizah
Best employee selection in Central Java using the ELECTRE method 57
S.R. Cholil, A.P.R. Pinem, A. Hendrawan, T. Handayani & A. Nugroho
Study of the use of heat treatment in postharvest handling of red chili (Capsicum annum L.) 63
D. Larasati, E. Pratiwi & D.A. Gunantar

v
Tuberculosis diagnosis using Bayes’s theorem and a web-based forward chaining algorithm
in Ungaran City 68
H. Indriyawati, P.T. Pungkasanti & W. Septiawan
Determining a motorcycle’s PCE through a microsimulation based on driving behaviors 73
I. Irawati & Supoyo
Solar power inverter in Photo-voltaics with full bridge systems 77
Harmini, A.K. Nugraha & T. Nurhayati
Smart door lock and automatic lighting device with bluetooth connection using android
Arduino 82
A.F. Daru, Susanto, A. Hendrawan & A. Nugroho
Using asphalt recycling (RAP) for road passion layers 87
Supoyo, A. Muldiyanto & F. Mahmud
Bandwidth management decision support system with hybrid (SAW and AHP) method 92
W. Adhiwibowo, B.A. Pramono, S. Hadi & N. Hidayati
Fuzzy EAS optimization for Soybean production analysis 97
Khoirudin, N. Wakhidah & A. Novitaputri
Goal frame detection system using image processing with LabVIEW 102
I. Udlhiya, B. Supriyo, E.D. Wardihani & R.M. Firdaus
Designing a portable LPG gas leak detection and fire protection device 107
Susanto, A.W. Pradipta, A. Hendrawan & M. Quanjin
Designing automatic system smart curtains using NodeMCU based on android 112
A. Nugroho, A. Hendrawan, A.P.R. Pinem, S.R. Cholil & N. Hidayanti
Usability testing for multimodal transportation application 115
W.F. Akbar, P.W. Wirawan & E. Suharto
Development of airports from the passenger demand side: A case study of Dewadaru
Airport, Karimunjawa, Jepara city, Central Java, Indonesia 119
A. Muldiyanto, M. Handajani & Supoyo
Area-based segmentation in brain scan CT images for low-grade glioma patients 124
A. Hendrawan, A. Nugroho, S.R. Cholil & A.P. Pinem
Effect of mixed dimethyl ether in LPG to flame stability characteristic jet diffusion flame 129
L. Aulia, R. Anggarani, E. Yuliarita, Susanto & I.M.K. Dhiputra
Study of the role of CFRP shear on increased bending capacity of reinforced concrete beams 134
H. Suprapto, S. Tudjono & Rr. MI. R. Susilorini
Flood mitigation of settlements on the sea tide with a water-filled rubber weir as an efficient
innovation (a case study of flood in Semarang) 139
F. Roehman
Weighting of the attribute importance weights using improved multiple linear regression and
modified digital logic for process based fraud detection 143
E. Lutfina, & S. Nuraisha
Feasibility analysis of transferring Terboyo Terminal to Penggaron Terminal using a
location theory approach 148
Widodo, M. Handajani & Ismiyati

Author index 153

vi
 Engineering, Information and Agricultural Technology in the
Global Digital Revolution – Hendrawan & Wijayanti Dual Arifin (eds)
© 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-367-33832-9

Foreword

The Industrial Revolution 4.0 is a vital activity that has as of late been presented in Indonesia.
The point is the change of modern assembling through digitalization and abuse of the capabil­
ity of new advancements. In this manner, the Industrial 4.0 generation framework is adaptable
and enables items to be balanced exclusively and explicitly. The idea of the Industrial Revolu­
tion 4.0 isn’t restricted to assembling organizations yet additionally incorporates a total worth
chain from supplier to client and all business capacities and administrations. The Industrial
Revolution 4.0 is an Internet of Things specialization that is applied to the assembling/mech­
anical condition. This expects ongoing information gathering which prompts issues in taking
care of and breaking down enormous information and digital security (Rojko A, 2017).
The improvement of this industry depends on information that keeps on developing, caus­
ing changes in the realm of training. This is a test for Universities, particularly the University
of Semarang, to create techniques with the goal that institutional abilities, learning, asset cap­
abilities must have the option to help this improvement. Along these lines, Semarang Univer­
sity through a worldwide meeting, in particular, the Semarang International Conference
Series (SICS) 2019 Science Series: Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Information Sys­
tems, Information Technology, and Agricultural Technology Conference had the topic
“Reacting to Digital Revolution”. In it contains research articles that examine the effect and
arrangements in managing the advancement of the computerized transformation. We trust
this gathering can answer the requirements of the network and the creating business today.

Aria Hendrawan
Rifi Wijayanti Dual Arifin

vii
 Engineering, Information and Agricultural Technology in the
Global Digital Revolution – Hendrawan & Wijayanti Dual Arifin (eds)
© 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-367-33832-9

Organizing Committee

General Chair
Dyah Nirmala Arum Janie

General Co-Chair
Aria Hendrawan
Anna Dian Savitri
Subaidah Ratna Juita
Tatas Transinata
Hendrati Dwi Mulyaningsih

Conference Coordinator
Santi Rahmawati
Ani Rachmawati
Febrialdy Hendratawan

Conference Support
Almas Nabili Imanina

Information and Technology Support by Scholarvein Team

ix
 Engineering, Information and Agricultural Technology in the
Global Digital Revolution – Hendrawan & Wijayanti Dual Arifin (eds)
© 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-367-33832-9

Scientific Review Committee

Editors:

Aria Hendrawan
Universitas Semarang, Indonesia

Taufiq Dwi Cahyono

Universitas Semarang, Indonesia

Andi Kurniawan Nugroho

Universitas Semarang, Indonesia

Supari
Universitas Semarang, Indonesia

Sri Budi Wahjuningsih

Universitas Semarang, Indonesia

Rohadi
Universitas Semarang, Indonesia

Scientific Reviewers:

Nurul Aini Osman

INTI International University, Malaysia

Essien Akpan Antia-Obong

Newcastle University, United Kingdom

Titin Winarti
Universitas Semarang, Indonesia

Kiran Singh
Indian Institute of Technology, Roorke, India

Chandrakant Sonawane
Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Deemed University, India

Haslina
Universitas Semarang, Indonesia

Quanjin Ma
Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia

xi
Rohadi
Universitas Semarang, Indonesia

Faaizah Shahbodin
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Malaysia

Nasir Jamal
Wuhan University of Technology, China

Mudjiastuti Handajani
Universitas Semarang, Indonesia

Shalini Shen
International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), India

Sri Budi Wahjuningsih

Universitas Semarang, Indonesia

xii
 Engineering, Information and Agricultural Technology in the
Global Digital Revolution – Hendrawan & Wijayanti Dual Arifin (eds)
© 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-367-33832-9

Smart transportation that is integrated with information and

communication technology will accelerate the formation of the
smart city

M. Handajani
Universitas Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia

ABSTRACT: Transportation in developed countries usually uses smart transportation that

is connected with information and communication technology in a government city. In Indo­
nesia the transportation system still seldom uses smart transportation and public transporta­
tion is still mixed with private vehicles. Private vehicles account for 85% of total vehicles. So it
is necessary to improve the city transportation systems by improving public transport services.
The purpose of this article is to attract private passengers to mass transit, by increasing the
proportion of the transportation system that is integrated with information and communica­
tion technology. Implementing smart transportation will affect the development of a city for
the better, which essentially creates a smart city. The use of mass transportation will reduce
fuel consumption and increase fuel efficiency, making city transportation low energy, low pol­
lution, and environmentally friendly. The integration of smart transportation with informa­
tion and communication technology supported by the intelligent transportation system will
accelerate the formation of smart cities because information about transportation can be
accessed and carried out more easily, effectively, and efficiently.

Keywords: Smart City, Smart Transportation, Intelligent Transportation System, Informa­

tion and Communication Technology

1 INTRODUCTION

Almost every day people use transportation, so they want to do so in a practical way. Tech­
nology is rapidly developing, bringing changes to transportation that are easy, effective, and
efficient, namely by implementing smart transportation. A smart city is a city that deals with
problems, provides solutions, then makes improvements (Chandra, 2016). The purpose of this
article is to attract private passengers to mass transit, by increasing the proportion of the
transportation system that is integrated with information and communication technology.
For this reason, it is necessary to develop an in-depth transportation system by installing pas­
senger information systems to change public transportation from manual systems and switch
them to digital technology. This makes people enter a modern lifestyle that cannot be separ­
ated from electronic devices, which are easier, more effective, and efficient. If technology is
utilized properly, it will provide a lot of conveniences and positive impacts on the community,
which brings economic and sociocultural consequences and changes travel behavior. Trans­
portation that is environmentally sound and that has been connected with information and
communication technology in city governance can improve the efficiency of public services.
Implementing smart transportation integrated with information and communication technol­
ogy will accelerate our society toward smart cities.

1
2 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

2.1 Land used

Current conditions for the development of urban land use in Indonesia are still developing
horizontally (next to right – left) while in cities of developed countries land use is developing
vertically. This could be addressed by a compact land-use system (compact city). A compact
city will produce low/efficient fuel/capita consumption. With low fuel consumption, a city will
use low energy and generate low pollution. The relationship of population density in major
cities in the world with the use of fuel is presented in Figure 1. According to Handajani
(2011), almost all cities in Java are at the bottom, meaning that the use of BBM/capita in
developed countries is much higher than the use of BBM/capita in cities on Java.

2.2 City governance

Currently, people prefer to use private vehicles rather than public mass transportation; this is
due to lack of time efficiency and the inconvenience of traveling to a distantly located bus
stop. The implementation of the expected smart transportation, however, is environmentally
sound, safe, affordable, effective and efficient. To achieve a smart city, the development of
smart transportation must also be balanced by city governance that is integrated with infor­
mation and communication technology. For example, cities can clear sidewalks of street vend­
ors and install information boards that provide public information, traffic information,
advertisements, breaking news, and other interesting information to provide comfort for ped­
estrians. The smart pedestrian can be seen in Figure 2.
Provision of smart shelter services can also increase interest in public mass transportation.
With the installation of sensor ticketing, solar cells, city real-time information, and virtual
stores in each shelter as shown in Figure 3, the public, especially prospective public transpor­
tation passengers, will feel safer and more comfortable.
Passenger information systems installed in each shelter will certainly increase public interest
in mass transportation. Each shelter has a unit installed to monitor bus positions in real time,

Figure 1. Relationship of population density in cities in the world to fuel use.

Source: Handajani (2016)

Figure 2. Smart pedestrian.

Source: Sutisno (2016)

2
Figure 3. Provision of smart shelter services.
Source: Sutisno (2016)

arrival and departure times, and the number of passengers per bus as applied in several devel­
oping countries. The passenger information system that has been implemented for the city of
Semarang is presented in Figure 4.
With smart parking, the system can reduce congestion. Smart parking is integrated
with information and communication technology so that prospective users can find avail­
able parking, which can be provided in vertical or horizontal forms such as depicted in
Figures 5(a) and (b).

2.3 Smart transportation

Smart transportation is environmentally friendly, safe, convenient, inexpensive, and modern.
Smart transportation is very influential in the creation of smart cities. According to Wei-
Hasun, Tseng, and Shieh (2009), an intelligent transportation system is a system that can help
users get information related to transportation and traffic, such as real-time traffic density.
Included in the intelligent transportation system are: (1) an area traffic control system
(ATCS), and (2) an integrated ticketing system.

2.4 Area traffic control system (ATCS)

An area traffic control system (ATCS) is an information and communication technology–
based traffic control system that aims to optimize the performance of the road network. Such
efforts include giving green lights to priority vehicles (fire engines, ambulances, VVIPs, etc.).
The steps needed to support ATCS activities include:

Figure 4. Information system in Semarang.

Source: Handajani (2018)

Figure 5. (a) Horizontal smart parking system. Figure 5. (b) Vertical smart parking system.
Source: Google.com (2018)

3
 1. Improvement of the traffic signal system. The term APILL is very foreign to most people
because it is rare for people to use it in daily transportation activities. But the public
knows it as a traffic light. Indeed, APILL is a piece of traffic equipment that is used as
a signal in the form of red, yellow, and green lights placed at a crossroads to regulate
traffic. This APILL system still needs to be upgraded and integrated with technology so
that it can monitor the status of the controller junction, extend and shorten green lights
when necessary, and correlate between controllers as in Figure 6.
2. Design of a rapid transit bus (BRT) priority system. The BRT system uses an APILL receiver
at crossroads to capture the signal installed on the BRT, which can be connected wirelessly.
The APILL will remain green when the BRT crosses the intersection. The following BRT
configuration design priority that has been associated with APILL can be seen in Figure 7.
3. Installation of variable message signs (VMS). Variable message signs (VMS) are instruc­
tions sent through the operational control room or traffic management center in the form
of an LED board, such as the one shown in Figure 8.
4. Implementation of video surveillance. Video surveillance in the form of 24-hour live
video can monitor traffic conditions so that the general public can access them via the
Internet in the form of digital video recording (DVR). Video surveillance via closed-
circuit television (CCTV) can be seen in Figure 9.

China already employs a system that uses sensors to get the number of passengers on a bus;
each passenger can be monitored on the bus and the control center will automatically record the
information in a database (Zhang, 2013). The information system is very important for passen­
gers because it is one of the efforts to withdraw passengers from private vehicles to public mass
transportation, by providing arrival information in real time (Swati, 2013). The passenger infor­
mation system installed at the bus stop can provide information such as time of arrival, time of

Figure 6. APILL monitoring system.

Source: Hidayati (2017)

Figure 7. Configuration of rapid transit bus (BRT) connected with APILL.

Source: Hidayati (2017)

Figure 8. Variable message sign (VMS).

Source: Sutisno (2016)

4
Figure 9. Design of video surveillance (CCTV).
Source: Fitria (2016)

departure, number of passengers, and position of the bus as applied in the cities of developed
countries. In Indonesia, information systems began at the bus stop, precisely in the city of
Semarang, to monitor bus trips and passengers. The monitoring system is placed in the Semar­
ang City Office of Transportation as a central control center, and a passenger information
system is installed in each shelter so that prospective passengers can monitor the state of the bus
voluntarily and can know the time of departure. Monitoring and passenger information systems
consists of three main components: (1) bus unit: a GPS device tracker, microcontroller module,
and GSM module to find out data (speed, position, destination bus number, and station) and
emergency signals; 2) client-side application: a unit that displays and monitors bus tracking in
real time for prospective passengers; 3) central control center (CCU): the CCU functions to
monitor the state of the bus in real time and includes receivers, emergency receivers, and micro-
controllers that are simultaneously accessed by prospective passengers. The monitoring and pas­
senger information system can be seen in Figure 10.

2.5 Integrated ticketing system

An integrated ticketing system is an email communication system that users can access if they
encounter problems and questions; users can quickly contact the support team from the inte­
grated ticketing system and receive relevant responses. The integrated ticketing system is
focused on efficient travel time, and prospective passengers are provided with safe and com­
fortable facilities to make ticket payment transactions easily. In Jakarta, Indonesia, automatic
ticket machines have also been applied to mass rapid transit (MRT) services. An image of the
integrated ticketing system in Paris and of the automated ticket machines in Jakarta, which
were implemented in 2019, can be seen in Figures 11(a) and 11(b).

Figure 10. Configuration of the monitoring and passenger information system.

Source: Handajani (2018)

Figure 11. (a) Travel and ticket management in Figure 11. (b) Automatic ticket machine in
Paris. Jakarta.
Source: Handajani (2011)

5
 Transactions at the gate utilize integrated circuit (IC) cards and electronic payments. Where
the IC card is one card and meets all needs, it is often called a smart card. Smart cards can
provide convenience, efficiency, and security for users. The MRT station in Jakarta has also
provided facilities that make the ticket payment system easier and encourage smart transpor­
tation in Indonesia. By using transit access pass (TAP) smart cards at the gate, prospective
passengers purchase tickets according to their destination. Payment at the gate using a smart
card is shown in Figure 12(a), and the service facilities of MRT stations in Jakarta are pre­
sented in Figure 12(b).
The shape and size of smart cards are the same as the shape and size of conventional credit
cards, but smart cards work differently than credit cards. In a smart card usually, an embed­
ded microprocessor serves to increase the security of user data. If users want to read and write
data to the random access memory (RAM) embedded in the smart card, the microprocessor
must be connected with a computer host and a card reader. The microprocessor embedded in
a smart card is presented in Figure 13.
Use of smart cards can be expanded to include various transactions in transportation,
health care, schools, bill payments, parking, tolls, and so on. By trading using a smart card
that can also store personal data, transactions will be easier, safer, more convenient, and more
efficient. The configuration of uses of smart cards can be seen in Figure 14.
The foregoing analysis shows that the establishment of a smart city is influenced by the
development of smart transportation integrated with information and communication tech­
nology and supported by an intelligent transportation system and city governance.

Figure 12. (a) Payment at the gate with a smart Figure 12. (b) Payment at the gate with a smart card
card. in Jakarta.
Source: Handajani (2011)

Figure 13. The microprocessor embedded in

smart cards.
Source: Google.com (2018) Figure 14. Configuring usages of smart cards.
Source: Hastono (2016)

6
3 CONCLUSION

Organizing smart transportation will help societies accelerate toward smart cities. This will be
beneficial for passengers and transport operators alike because smart transportation uses
a system that is more modern, safe, comfortable, inexpensive, easy, affordable, and environ­
mentally sound. Buses and other vehicles that are part of the smart transportation system
should have their own road section, and smart transportation innovations can be supported
by the private sector and the government.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The author would like to express his gratitude to RISTEKDIKTI for providing the opportun­
ity and support in making the HIBAH of Higher Education Applied Research (PTUPT),
Transportation, University of Semarang.

REFERENCES

Chandra, H. 2016. Development strategy: Smart city and challenges for urban communities. Journal of
Strategy and Business, 4(2).
Fitria, Z. 2016. Traffic density information system based on Raspberry PI PC Board. National Journal of
Electrical Engineering, 5(1).
Handajani, M. 2011. The influence of urban transportation system in Java on city fuel. Proceedings of the
4th ASEAN Civil Engineering Conference.
Handajani, M. 2016. Fuel saving solution towards sustainable transportation. Inauguration of Professor
of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Semarang.
Handajani, M. 2018. Monitoring and passenger information system trans Semarang Bus Corridor VI.
Hastono, B. 2016. Implementation of intelligent transportation system. FGD. ITS.
Hidayati, Q. 2017. Control of traffic lights with vehicle detection using the method blob detection.
JNTETI, 6(2).
Sutisno, T. 2016. The core role in realizing smart city based on an intelligent transportation system.
Swati, C. 2013. Implementation of real-time bus monitoring and information systems. International Jour­
nal of SRP, 3(5).
Wei-Hasun, L., Tseng, S. S., & Shieh, W. Y. 2009. Collaborative real-time traffic information generation
and sharing framework for intelligent transportation systems. Information Sciences, 180, 62–70.
Zhang, Y. 2013. Intelligent urban public transportation system oriented to passenger travel and imple­
mentation method thereof. Guangzhou (CN) U.S.

7
 Engineering, Information and Agricultural Technology in the
Global Digital Revolution – Hendrawan & Wijayanti Dual Arifin (eds)
© 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-367-33832-9

Intergrading earth & disaster science to enable sustainable

adaptation & mitigation

Magaly Koch
Center for Remote Sensing, Boston University, Boston, USA

ABSTRACT: Coastal cities worldwide are facing the enormous task of becoming resilient to
physical, social and economic challenges; in addition to challenges due to climate change.
However, our understanding of the major factors contributing to multiple coastal hazards is
often incomplete due to the complexity of the problem, data scarcity and lack of research
infrastructure for conducting transdisciplinary research. This paper advocates for the estab­
lishment of national and international networks of experts to better understand how coastal
environments respond to such challenges by combining field experience with cutting edge geo­
spatial technology and data analytics.

1 COASTAL GEOHAZARDS

Many large cities are immensely vulnerable to natural disasters because they are located in
areas prone to geohazards. This is especially the case with coastal areas in Southeast Asia
where the population is exposed to a variety of hazards, such as earthquakes, volcanic erup­
tions, floods, cyclones, droughts, and landslides (Arthurton, 1998; Djalante et al., 2017). The
combination of high population concentration, inadequate infrastructure and poor socioeco­
nomic conditions results in high vulnerability to hazards impact. Natural disasters are likely
to be made worse by global warming and climate change.
In developing countries, such as Indonesia, flooding is one of the frequent natural hazards.
Indonesia is at the third place of the most vulnerable countries due to flood hazard in Asia,
after China and India. In coastal urban areas, e.g. Semarang in Central Java, seawater tidal
flooding is enhanced by land subsidence and is a major threat for city development (Abidin
et al., 2013; Rudiarto, Handayani and Sih Setyono, 2018). Developing countries tend to be hit
particularly hard by such issues, and have a strong need for research and innovation to better
manage and adapt to extreme events.
However, our understanding of the major factors contributing to geohazards is often
incomplete due to the complexity of the problem, data scarcity and lack of research infrastruc­
ture for conducting transdisciplinary research. Meanwhile, the impact of rapid urban and eco­
nomic development in hazard-prone coastal areas is one of the new emerging research topics.
There is an urgent need for investigating how the natural system responds to anthropogenic
forcing and vice versa, especially in tectonically dynamic, climatically sensitive and highly
populated regions of the World such as Southeast Asia.

2 INTEGRATED APPROACH FOR COASTAL HAZARDS MITIGATION

There is a general consensus that the present changes of coastal zones results from several for­
cing factors (natural and anthropogenic). Thus assessing the impacts of present and future
coastal hazards requires an understanding of the complex interactions between geoenviron­
mental, biophysical and socioeconomic systems. This can be best achieved by an integrated

8
approach that includes research on both land and sea dynamics to identify natural and
anthropogenic factors, their relative influences and related consequences. An integrated
approach is the only way of pursuing the monitoring of such complex natural and human sys­
tems under various present and future climatic scenarios. Such approach should include
among others:
- Measuring surface deformation on coastal cities
- Modeling accurately the coastal flooding from tides and storm surges
- Evaluating morphological changes due to sedimentary processes and/or human
interventions
- Assessing tsunamis and geo-hazards risks (including landslides and land subsidence)
- Monitoring coastal marine ecosystems health and productivity (coral reefs, mangroves)
- Monitoring land cover/use changes and their impact on coastal communities
- Assessing coastal communities’ access to fresh water and public health facilities
- Investigating linkage between flooding, waste management and public health
These studies are needed to mitigate or to adapt to changing conditions (e.g. coastal flood­
ing, landslides, coral diseases, land subsidence), and prepare for potential crisis. However, an
effort must be brought to effectively integrate the different types of studies (climatic, hydro­
dynamic, ecosystemic, anthropogenic etc.) in order to predict the integrative effects of global
change in coastal zones.
Furthermore, research is required on how to transform scientific knowledge into a decision
support system to enable a variety of stakeholders (farmers, fishers, local/regional govern­
ment, international organizations etc.) to understand short and long term consequences of
land use changes and urban development. Innovative tools and methods are need to better
harness big data, accurately model and predict current and future scenarios, improve data
visualization techniques and promote effective communication to various stakeholders (Gos­
wami et al., 2018). What is needed is a generalizable framework to transform environmental
science into policy action through rapid computational scenario analysis and decision-making
procedures on short to long-term time scales in order to enable problem solving solutions. In
other words, a framework should be envisioned that effectively integrates earth and disaster
science to engineer sustainable adaptation and mitigation measures.
Such research efforts require linkages between various disciplines and research facilities to
enable data collection and validation, model development and calibration, and data analysis
within an integral framework. This is best achieved by cooperation between networks of
researchers, academic institutions, government agencies and other stakeholders in the domes­
tic as well as international arena.

3 GLOBAL NETWORKS

Global networks of earth observing systems are exponentially growing, facilitating the collec­
tion and distribution of global data from space and ground based instruments to scientists
around the world. At the same time access and sharing of information has increased as well as
the sharing of computational resources. The technology of data sharing and processing has
advanced significantly in the last decade. What is needed is an infrastructure that enables for­
ging new relationships between national and international research networks to foster collab­
orative actions to tackle complex system issues.
Supersites or natural laboratories are examples of such collaborative initiatives that provide
access to earth observation and geophysical data for key priority sites affected by earthquakes,
volcanic eruptions and other forms of geohazards. Other similar initiatives include the “100 Resili­
ent Cities (100RC)” initiative funded by the Rockefeller Foundation (www.100resilientcities.org).
This program aims to help cities worldwide to be resilient against physical, social and economic
challenges, in addition to challenges due to climate change. Semarang (Indonesia) is one of the
cities selected to participate in the initiative. This city exemplifies the multiple threats affecting
society, economy, environment, and infrastructure. Solving or at least mitigating the multifaceted

9
problem is a challenge, requiring research in many disciplines and involving multiple experts and
stakeholders.
Thus there is a clear need for fostering networking of experts and users across countries and
regions to promote and facilitate access and sharing of data, tools, and research infrastructure
for incubating new technologies and problem solving ideas. Leveraging resources and know­
ledge across disciplinary and regional boundaries requires funding mechanisms to enable such
activities. Funding programs for establishing such networks would need to be broad and
inclusive, encompassing a range of disciplines and participating countries.
For example big data from space is providing massive spatiotemporal earth observation
data to detect, monitor, and assess in almost real time geohazards threating coastal areas espe­
cially those with high population density and infrastructure. However, the complexity of the
problem demands coordinated research activities by multiple experts from different disciplines
and with access to research facility sharing. This could be promoted by funding programs that
enable 1) research exchange visits; 2) data collection and sharing facilities; 3) joint field
work; 4) laboratory access; 5) training workshops; and 6) international seminars/workshops
to incubate new ideas and disseminate results.

4 FINAL REMARKS

New emerging data-intensive fields require multidisciplinary approaches to tackle complex

issues as well as transformative improvements in graduate education. Enabling students and
post-docs to perform their training and research in multiple laboratories and/or field sites
enriches their research experience and prepares them better for future career paths. Global
issues affect more than a single country or region, and cannot be resolved without inter­
national collaboration.
In summary, an integrated approach will lead to a better understanding of complex systems
as a whole, discovery of problem solving solutions, improved assets utilization, and transfer of
knowledge across disciplines and regions.

REFERENCES

Abidin, H. Z. et al. (2013) ‘Land subsidence in coastal city of Semarang (Indonesia): characteristics,
impacts and causes’, Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk. Taylor & Francis, 4(3), pp. 226–240.
Arthurton, R. S. (1998) ‘Marine-related physical natural hazards affecting coastal megacities of the Asia–
Pacific region–awareness and mitigation’, Ocean & Coastal Management. Elsevier, 40(1), pp. 65–85.
Djalante, R. et al. (2017) ‘Introduction: Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia: Progress, Challenges, and
Issues’, in Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia. Springer, pp. 1–17.
Goswami, S. et al. (2018) ‘A review on application of data mining techniques to combat natural
disasters’, Ain Shams Engineering Journal. Elsevier, 9(3), pp. 365–378.
Rudiarto, I., Handayani, W. and Sih Setyono, J. (2018) ‘A regional perspective on urbanization and
climate-related disasters in the northern coastal region of Central Java, Indonesia’, Land. Multidiscip­
linary Digital Publishing Institute, 7(1), p. 34.

10
 Engineering, Information and Agricultural Technology in the
Global Digital Revolution – Hendrawan & Wijayanti Dual Arifin (eds)
© 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-367-33832-9

Using satellite images and GIS for proposing practical mitigation

measures against floods affecting Semarang City, Indonesia

A. Gaber
Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Egypt

ABSTRACT: Urban flooding due to high-intensity rainfall along coastal Semarang City is
a major problem every winter. Such urban flooding cannot be avoided, but it can be con­
trolled. Thus, it is necessary to extract real information regarding the flood events as well as
to understand the landscape of Semarang using an integrated approach of remote sensing and
a geographic information system (GIS) together with field measurements to propose reliable
mitigation measures. In this work, the digital elevation model (DEM) of Semarang was used
to automatically extract all the morphometric and hydrological parameters. In addition, dif­
ferent satellite images (optical and radar) were used to map the land surface features and to
estimate the subsidence rate that affects the city and changes the land slope. Moreover, geo­
logical, structural, and groundwater maps were integrated in a GIS database. Consequently,
several measures were proposed to mitigate the flooding. These measures are: construct pre­
vention dams at the up streams, striate the meandering rivers, dredge the water channels to
increase discharge, increase the river levee height, inject the excess water into a productive
groundwater aquifer after performing quantitative hydrological modeling, construct
a separate drain network (totally different than the sewer system), and, finally, install artificial
water infiltration and attenuation systems in the flat areas. The locations and design of all
these mitigation measures were mapped in a GIS format.

1 INTRODUCTION

Semarang City is located in a low-relief area at the footwall of highly elevated mountains
located to the south, and it is considered a downstream coastal city (Figure 1). Semarang
receives an average precipitation rate of 2,500 mm/year (Figure 2). Therefore, Semarang
has witnessed an intensive urban expansion during the past few decades with increasing
numbers of built-up areas (Figure 3). The topography, the weather, and urban activities
along the coastal lowland areas mean that Semarang suffers from urban flooding, espe­
cially in the winter season from December to March, with peaks during December, Jan­
uary, and February. Figure 4 shows the expansion trend of the built-up areas in
Semarang from 1972 to 2009.
This work aims at using different space-borne satellite images with the aid of a geographic
information system (GIS) to extract information about the psychographics of Semarang as
well as information from real flood events to propose practical flood mitigation measures. In
addition, the land subsidence that affects the city is estimated by utilizing a differential inter­
ferometric synthetic-aperture radar (InSAR) methodology that uses radar sentinel-1 satellite
images.

11
Figure 1. Location map shows Semarang City at the footwall of a mountain.

Figure 2. Average annual rainfall in Semarang.

Figure 3. Built-up areas of Semarang.

Figure 4. The expansion trend of the built-up areas in Semarang from 1972 to 2009.

12
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

In this work, several sources of data covering Semarang were collected and integrated in
a GIS database. A total of 12 Sentinel-1 radar images covering the period from February
to December 2018 was downloaded and processed using a satellite-based augmentation
system (SBAS) interferometry technique to estimate land subsidence along Semarang
(Bürgmann, Rosen, & Fielding, 2000; Gabriel, Goldstein, & Zebker, 1989). Figure 5
shows the connection graph of the used 12 Sentinel-1 images and the selected master
image of February 2018.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Figures 6 to 10 show the land subsidence rate from February until December. The
northeastern part of Semarang shows the highest subsidence rate, which might be related
to the huge urban expansion as well as to an intensive groundwater withdrawal along
these areas. In addition, this location has the thickest alluvium deposits along the city’s
coastal areas.
Moreover, based on the interpretations of the satellite images, two different mitigation
measures were proposed: upstream and downstream mitigation measures. The upstream miti­
gation measures include building dams and straightening the meandering streams. The down­
stream measures comprise intensive and continued dredging of the drains, increasing the
height of the levee, and constructing drains on both sides of the road networks. We recom­
mend investigating the pattern of a real flood event using the different satellite images in order
to understand very well the effects and the trends of such flood events and to propose practical
and visible mitigation measures.

Figure 5. The connection graph of the used 12 Sentinel-1 images.

Figure 6. The estimated land subsidence from February to June 2019.

13
Figure 7. The estimated land subsidence from February to August 2019.

Figure 8. The estimated land subsidence from February to September 2019.

Figure 9. The estimated land subsidence from February to October 2019.

Figure 10. The estimated land subsidence from February to December 2019.

14
REFERENCES

Bürgmann, R., Rosen, P. A., & Fielding, E. J. 2000. Synthetic aperture radar interferometry to measure
Earth’s surface topography and its deformation. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 28(1),
169–209.
Gabriel, A. K., Goldstein, R. M., & Zebker, H. A. 1989. Mapping small elevation changes over large areas:
Differential radar interferometry. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 94(B7), 9183–9191.
Available from the Wiley Online Library at https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/
JB094iB07p09183.

15
 Engineering, Information and Agricultural Technology in the
Global Digital Revolution – Hendrawan & Wijayanti Dual Arifin (eds)
© 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, London, ISBN 978-0-367-33832-9

The computerization of Faarfield and Comfaa for the PCN value

analysis of the runway 13-31 Ahmad Yani International Airport
Semarang in 2018

W. Hermanto, B. Priyatno, P.A.P. Suwandi & A. Sutami

Universitas PGRI Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia

ABSTRACT: The Airport is an important infrastructure in transportation activities in the

world, especially in Indonesia, which is an archipelagic country. In Indonesia air transporta­
tion is a supporting factor for economic, social, cultural, industrial and tourism developments.
This has led to the importance of the development of aircraft the fleets that are professional
and have international standards. To analyze the thickness of the runway according to FAA
standards, the ACN-PCN method is the only method determined by ICAO which refers to the
FAA AC No 150/5320-6E provisions regarding the Airport Pavement Design and Evaluation
and KP. No. 93 of 2015. With the completion of the 13-31 Runway International Airport
Ahmad Yani Semarang overlay at the end of December 2018, it is necessary to recalculate the
Runway Ability to support Aircraft Load Capacity using FAARFIELD and COMFAA so
that the value of the 13-31 PCN Runway can be identified can be published.

Keywords: PCN Value, Airport, runway, Overlay

1 INTRODUCTION

Ahmad Yani International Airport Semarang is an airport managed by PT. Angkasa Pura
I (Persero). Semarang Ahmad Yani International Airport continues the improvement to sup­
port the increase of the flight operations from year to year as seen from the addition of fre­
quencies and flight lines and the increase in the number of passengers and goods (cargo)
With the growing flight operations at Ahmad Yani International Airport, Semarang, it
should be noted that the runway’s ability needs to remain excellent and always ready to use.
One of the ways to maintain the runway’s ability is to carry out the overlay work for runway
13-31 to increase the value of the previous PCN (Pavement Classification Number), which is
PCN 54 F/D/X/T.

2 PCN ANALYSIS

Based on the growing number of the aircraft type operating in service of passengers and
goods, the increasing of the runway’s ability to service landings and flights require special
attention in terms of planning, design, implementation, and maintenance. This is done to
ensure the implementation of safety and security of flight operations according to the declar­
ation of the Republic of Indonesia Law No. 1 of 2009 concerning Aviation and Air Transpor­
tation Director General of Regulation No. KP.93 of 2015 concerning Technical Standards
and Operations of Civil Aviation Safety Regulations-section 139 (Manual of Standard CASR-
Part 139) Volume I Airports (Aerodromes) (Kementerian Perhubungan, 2015).

16
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. IO49 his present farm of forty-

seven acres, in Clay township, where he has since resided, engaged
in farming. lie married Hannah Gallagher, to whom was horn one
son, William L. The mother died, and he was again married May 15,
1878, to Viola Ralston, hv whom he has five children, as follows:
May; Bertram; Clara; Virgil, and Maude. Mr. McAnallen and family are
members of the Catholic church, and in politics, he is an ardent
Democrat. Philip Sanderson was born in Butler county, April II).
1820, son of Henry and Catherine (Gire) Sanderson, and grandson
of Henry Sanderson, a native of Germany, wlu came to the United
States at an early day. His father settled in Parker township, Butler
county, was a teacher ami carpenter by occupation, married
Catherine Gire. a native of Ireland, and reared a family of seven
children, \i/.. : facob ; Catherine; Esther; Betsey; Philip; Pegijy, and
Henry. Jacob, Philip and Catherine are living. Henry Sanderson died
in lssy, at the remarkable age of over 100 years, being at that time
the oldest person in Butler county. The subject of this sketch was
reared upon the homestead in Parker township, and subsequently
settled in Clay township. He married Kcsiah Hockenberry, to which
union were born the following children: James, a resident of Butler
county; Henry L., who resides at Greece City; Caldwell, a resident of
Mount Chestnut; Sherman, who lives in Butler; Archie, of Clay
township; Margaret, wife of Milo Stoner ; Emeline, wife of Erastus
Rider; Ioma. wife of Aaron Rider; fohn ; fosiah ; Harvey, ami
Elizabeth, deceased wife of Amos D. Hoge. Mrs. Sanderson died on
July 14, 1891. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal
church, and politically, Mr. Sanderson is a Republican. Hexhv L.
Sanderson, son of Philip and Kesiah Sanderson, was born in Clay
township, Butler county, January 16, 1842. He attended school for a
fewmonths during each year, held in a school house between one
and two miles from his home, across Muddv creek bottom, being
often compelled to wade through the water during the wet seasons.
At the age of sixteen years he went to Butler, where he learned the
carpenter's trade, afterwards following his trade at Parker during the
oil excitement in that locality, saying sufficient money to purchase
tools. He then returned home, was married and settled upon a part
of the old homestead, erected a house, and resided there about
eight years. He married Minerva McCall, a daughter of James and
Rebecca McCall, a native of Butler county. Her father died while
serving in the Rebellion, and her mother lives with Mrs. Graham, one
of her daughters. Mrs. Sanderson is a descendant of Archibald
McCall, one of the first settlers of Butler county. She is the mother of
one child, Virdie. Their residence on the old homestead was burned
to the ground, and they then purchased a farm of seventy-six acres
in Concord township, cleared a portion of it and erected a home.
This he sold with twenty acres of his farm, and then built his present
residence. Oil was found on the place the same year he bought it,
and there are now eight producing oil wells thereon and one gas
well. Mr. Sanderson devotes his principal attention to his trade. Both
he and wife are members of tin- Methodist Episcopal church.
Politically. he is a Republican, and is connected with Millerstown
Lodge. K. of P.
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I050 HISTORY OF BUTLER COUNTY. William Patterson, a

native of Ireland, came to Pennsylvania at an early date and settled
in what is now Clay township. Butler county, where he was among
the first settlers of that locality. lie purchased the present Patterson
homestead, and reared a family of three children, as follows: Susan;
Nancy, and Robert. ROBERT PATTERSON was horn in Ireland, and
came with his parents to America at the age of eleven years. He
remained on his father's farm in Butler county until his death. May
17, 1850. He married Mary Pryor, and reared a family of seven
children, four of whom are living : Eli ; Susan, wife of William
McKissick : Jennie, wife of Joseph Greer, and Abigail, wife of Charles
Rhodes. Ei.i PATTERSON, was horn upon the Patterson homestead,
in Clay township. February 14. 1833, received a common school
education, and at I he age of seventeen he inherited the farm,
where he has resided for the past forty-four years. In I860 he
married Rebecca A. Bell, to whom was horn one daughter. Laura
l/.ella, March 10, 1866. She married Adam Logan, and died February
19, 1891. Mrs. Patterson departed this life January 1(1, 1892, and
her husband was again married. June 29, 1893, to Jennie Emery. Mr.
Patterson is an adherent of the Republican party. William Christy, a
native of Westmoreland county, came to Butler county at an early
day and purchased a farm in Washington township, upon which he
spent the remainder of his life. He married Nancy Wilson, and reared
a family ol nine children, four of whom are living, as follows: John,
of Beaver county; Silas, of Cherry township; Sally, wife of Peter
Crowl, ami Josiah. Josiah Christy was horn in Washington township,
Butler county, April 15, 1830, and grew to manhood upon his
father's farm. He was married January S, 1857, to Lavina Ililliard.
and the following year he purchased 108 acres o\ the old
homestead, upon which he settled. He sold this in 1S71 and bought
his present farm of ninety-seven acres, anil later another of fifty-four
acres. He devotes his whole attention to agriculture, and is one of
the prosperous farmers of the township. To Josiah and Lavina
Christy have been born fifteen children, ten of whom are living, viz.;
Melinda. wife of William Barnes; Mary, wife of Jacob Oheiser ; Sarah
(.. wife of Chris Wonderland; Amos; Nanny, wile of Joseph Smith ;
Charles; Ida, wife Curl Grossman; Thomas P. ; Essie, and Elizabeth.
The family are members of the Lutheran church, and in politics, Mr.
Christy is a Republican. In 1862 he enlisted in Company F, One
Hundred and Thirty-fourth Pennsylvania Volunteers, ami served ten
months, participating in the battles of Antietam. Fredericksburg, ami
Chancellorsville. Samuel Christy, a son of Dunbar and Mary (Findley)
Christy, was born in Clay township, Butler county, in 1821, and grew
to manhood in his native township, lie married Elizabeth Pisor, to
whom were born six children, viz.. : Anna E. ; Sarah J., wile of |ofm
Chambers; George C, a resident of Oil City ; David I)., a farmer of
Cherry township; Jemima, and Samuel E. The parents were
members of the Presbyterian church, and spent their lives in Butler
county, dying upon the homestead in Cherry township. Samuel E.
Christy was born in Cherry township, Butler county, March ',1, 1862,
and is the youngest in the family of Samuel and Elizabeth Christy. He
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 10,1 received a common school

education and grew to maturity upon his father's farm. When twenty
six years of age he purchased a farm of fifty-four acres in Clay
township, upon which he has since resided. He was married
November 17, L887, to Myrtle I lockenberrv, a daughter of George
Hockenberrv, and has two children : Edith, and Buna. Mr. Christy and
wife are members of the United Presbyterian church, and he is a
standi adherent of the Republican party. Robert Allen was horn in
Clay cownship, Butler county, in 1809, and was a son of Stephen
Allen, a native of Ireland, and one of the early settlers of Butler
county. His father married Agnes Patterson, and they were the
parents of twelve children. Robert-was reared in this county, and
followed farming down to his death, which occurred in 1888. He
married Caroline Richardson, daughter of Gideon Richardson, and
reared a family of five children, two of whom are Hying, viz.: John
\V._ and Gideon R., both farmer-, of Clay township. The family
resided in Clarion county for several years, hut finally returned to
Butler county, where the parents spent the remainder of their liyes.
Gideon R. Allen, son of Robert Allen, and grandson of Stephen Allen,
the pioneer, was horn in Clarion county, [illy 26, IS 10. came to
Butler county with his parents in 1852, and two years later located in
Clay township. On November 17. 1861, he enlisted in Company H.
Seventy-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers! and served in the battles of
Stone River, Dug Gap. and Missionary Ridge, and was with Sherman
in the Atlanta campaign. He was discharged in November, 1864, and
returned to his home in Butler county. Mr. Allen purchased his
present farm of 139 acres from the Stoughton heirs, in 1883. He was
married February 11, 1892, to Leah Christley, and has one son.
Gideon. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal church,
and in politics he is a Republican. Mr. Allen has been township
supervisor one term, and is one of the prosperous farmers of Clay
township. Fames Bartley, a native of Ireland, was a son of William
Bartlev. who immigrated to Pennsylvania in 1803, and settled in
Allegheny county. William was married in his native land to a Miss
Williamson, and reared quite a large family. He followed the weaver's
trade in Ireland, hut on coming to this country he engaged in
farming. In 1810 he purchased a tract of land in Butler county, upon
which he spent the remaining years of his life. James came with his
parents to Butler county, and followed agricultural pursuits until his
death. He married Margaret Bartlev. to whom were horn the
following children : William : John A. ; Thomas : James ; Robert;
Joseph; Campbell; David: Dixson ; Will iamson ; Mary A., wife of
Thomas Pierce, of Kansas, and Washington. Of these, John A.:
Campbell; Dixson. and Mrs. Pierce, survive. The parents died in
Butler county. Joseph Bartley was horn about 1813, in Butler county,
learned the brickmaker's trade, but subsequently purchased a farm
in Jefferson township, where he located. He afterwards void this
property, and bought a farm in Perm township, upon which he died
in December, 1866. He married Margaret A. Kirkland. to whom were
born the following children : Alfred C deceased ; Eliza J., wife of
William B Graham; Charles W.. deceased; Xaaman P.; William I., and
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IO52 HISTORY OF BUTLER COUNTY. Harriet S.. both

deceased ; Emma A., wife of F. P. Brackney; Mary A., deceased, and
two that died in infancy. Naaman F. Bartley, son of Joseph and
Margaret A. Bartley, was horn October 31, 1 S Is, at Birmingham,
Pennsylvania, and received his education in the common schools and
at Reedsburg Academy. On February 11. I860, he enlisted in
Company E, Seventy-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was
mustered out of the service September 21, of the same year. He
returned to Butler county, where he taught school in the winter
seasons and attended an academy during the summer. This course
he pursued in L865 and 1866. In the spring of lsC>7 he commenced
farming on shares, and continued to teach in the winter for several
years. He purchased his present homestead of seventy-five acres in
Clay township, in the spring of 1872, upon which he has since
resided. Although he never learned the carpenter's trade, lie works
at that business in connection with farming. Mr. Bartley was married
March 5. 1868, to Emma /., a daughter of William II. McCandless. of
Franklin town-hip. Four children are the fruits of this union, a-
follow,-: William M., a medical student; Viletta M.. wife of Thomas 0.
Kelly, of Ohio : Oscar M., and Clifford F. The family are connected
with the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Hartley is a Republican, has
filled the offices of school director and supervisor in his township,
and is a member of Dicks,, n Post, G. A. R., of West Sunbury. David
Bartley, seventh child of James Bartley, was born in Butler county,
Pennsylvania, in 1815. David learned the brick moulder's trade,
which he followed for several years. IK- married Sarah Wasson, a
daughter of Hugh Wasson, and purchased a tract of unimproved
land in Clay township, from his father-in-law. His wife did not long
survive, and he subsequently married Mary Phillips, to whom were
born eight children, six of whom are living. The parents died upon
the homestead in Clay township. John- Walker Bartley, son of David
and Mary (Phillips) Bartley, was born in Clay township. Butler county,
September 30, 1852, and is the third in a family of eight children. He
was reared upon his father's farm and worked at farm labor until
|S77, when he purchased his present homestead of fifty-nine acres.
He was married November 22, 1876, to Emeline, a daughter of
William Patterson. This union has been blessed with six children, as
follows: Nancy M. ; Mary F. ; Layina M : Carrie F. ; Frank P.. and Roy
P. The family arcconnected with the Presbyterian church, and Mr.
Bartley is a Republican, in politics. ASAPH P. Cranmer, a native of
New York, came to Butler county in IMS. being then eighteen years
of age. In lS2o he purchased a 400-acre tract of land, and devoted
the remainder of his life to clearing ami improving his property. He
married Ellen Findley, a native of Butler county, and died in 1869,
leaving a family of nine children, six of whom are now Hying. Mr.
Cranmer's homestead was located in what is now Clay township, and
he was a re-ident of this county for more than half a century. Asai'ii
X. Cranmer, son of Asaph P. and Ellen (Findley) Cranmer, was born in
Clay township, Butler county. November 19, 1838, ami was the
seventh in a family of nine children. He resided with his parents until
he attained the age
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1 O 5 3 of twenty-one years,

when he commenced life for himself, farming and coal mining
alternately. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company Cj. One
Hundred and Thirty-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, and served
nine months, when his term of service expired. lie has since devoted
his attention to the stonemason's trade and farming. Mr. Cranmer
was married January 22, 1864, to Miss Mollie Dawson, to which
union were horn nine children, as follows : Emma ]., wife of Harry
McCurdy ; John E.; Elmer, born February 26, 1867; James A., May 5.
1870; Maggie, July 24, 1871, died December 2. 1873; Norman,
January 2, 1873; Almeda M., May l>2, 1876; Onie, 1ST'.), died in
1881 ; Harrison in 1881, died the same year, and Willie, ]une .">,
1883. Mrs. Cranmer departed this lifeAugust 4. 1890, aged titty
years. The famiiy are connected with the Methodist Episcopal
church, and politically, Mr. Cranmer i~ a Republican. Thomas
HlNDMAN was a native of Washington township, Butler county, born
in 1807, his parents being among the early settlers of that locality.
He was reared in his native township, and followed distilling and
farming. About 1833 he married Mary McClung, a daughter of
Charles McClung, of Fairview township to which union were born
eleven children, as follows : Margaret, deceased; Robert, deceased;
Charles; Mary, who married Samuel Cook; |ane, deceased, who
married Hugh Swords: Martha: Thomas; Charity, who became the
wife of Chess Stoner ; John ; George, deceased, and James. Mrs.
Hindman died upon the homestead in Washington township, April 1.
1882; her husband died February 21, 1894. John Hindman was born
in Marion township, Butler county, October 22, 1850, was reared
upon the homestead farm, and has followed the occupation of a
driller and tool dresser for twenty years, in connection with
agricultural pursuits. He was married April 8, 1884, to Elmira Miller, a
daughter of Henry Miller of Clay township, and is the father of two
children, both of whom are dead. He came to Clay township in 1885,
and settled on the Henry Miller farm, where lie has resided for the
past nine years. He and wife are members of the Lutheran church,
and in politics, lie is a Democrat. Jesse Brackney, son of Jesse
Brackney, of Clay township, Butler county. was born on the old
homestead in that township, January 10, 1815, and grew to
manhood upon his father's farm. He spent his entire life in
agricultural pursuits, and died on January 26, 1889. In 1836 he
married Eliza Miller, a daughter of Benjamin and Polly Miller, of Clay
township. She died in lsTT, the mother of nine children, named as
follows : Abagail, wife of S. K. Eckelberger ; Elizabeth, wife of Levi
Walker; Lawson E. ; Frank P.; Loyal M. ; Annie, wife of Alfred
Thompson; John W. : Walter G., and Charles. Mr. Brackney and wife
were members of the Methodist Episcopal church. He was a stanch
Democrat, and was tax collector, school director, and postmaster at
different periods for many years. Capt. Samuel Loudon was born in
Blaircounty, Pennsylvania, in [810, and was a son of William Loudon,
a native of Pennsylvania, of German origin. At his father's death he
was adopted into the family of John Montgomery, who settled in
Franklin township, Butler county, in t S 1 S, purchasing a large tract
of land. When Samuel was twenty-five years old he married Eli/a
Ann Brewster, a
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1054 HISTORY OF BUTLER COUNTY. native of Allegheny

county, and rented a farm at White Oak Spring--, which he cultivated
for three years. In 1886 Mr. Montgomery gave him a farm in Clav
township, and he at once located upon it. Here his wife died.
October 8, 18(52, and himself , May hS, 1880. Captain Loudon
commanded Company C, Eleventh Pennsylvania Reserve, and was
discharged in October, 1863, because of disability. To Samuel and
Eliza Ann Loudon were horn the following children: Mary Jane:
Rachel: Rebecca ; John M. : Catherine: Matilda, and Almira, wife of
(). L. Christie. Of these John M.. Matilda, and Almira, are living. John
Montgomery Loudon, was born in Clay township, Butler counts'. April
11), 1842, and was the only son of Samuel and Eliza A. Loudon. He
was reared upon his father's farm, and remained with his father
working the farm, as an equal partner, until the death of the latter,
when he inherited a portion of the property upon which lie now
resides, lie was married November 20, 1*7-5, to Hannah M.
Campbell, of Concord township, to whom have been born eight
children, viz. : Sarah C. ; Samuel; George C. ; Lyda J. : Bertha M. ;
Edna F. ; Rose C and Myra (i. Mr. Loudon and wife are members of
the United Presbyterian church, and lie is a stanch adherent of the
Democratic party. Robert C. Thompson, youngest in the family of
Robert W. and Frances Thompson, was horn upon the homestead
farm, in Brady township, Julv 20, L857, was educated in the common
schools, and at West Sunbury Academy and Grove City College. At
the age of twenty-four he commenced farming a portion of the
homestead, and also taught school for three winters. In 1887 he
traded his farm in Brady township for 135 acres in Clay township,
upon which he has since lived. Mr. Thompson was married March 31.
1881, to Harriet McJunkin, a daughter of John R. McJunkin, of Clay
township. Eight children are the fruits of this union. \ i/.. : Harold L.
; Ralph M.: Elmer G. : Francis M. : Robert F. : George II. ; Eva E.,
and Ruth. Mr. Thompson and wife are members of the Presbyterian
church. Politically, he is an independent voter, and has tilled the
office of school director for one term. James \\ . GlBSON was born
upon his present homestead in Clav. township, Butler county, March
1. 1844, and is a son oi William and Mary (Shannon) Gibson, natives
of Pennsylvania, of English ami Irish ancestry, respectively. William
Gibson was the only son of James Gibson, (who was killed by the
Indians near Cincinnati. Ohio), and came to Butler county in 17'dT.
He was a tanner and farmer, which occupations he followed until his
death. The subject of this sketch resided with his parents until he
was twenty-one years old, and then began working as a coffin
finisher, which business he followed for six years. lie removed to his
present homestead at this time, and has since been engaged in
agricultural pursuits. Mr. Gibson was married September 27. 1866, to
Catherine A. Shannon, and has one son, fohn I)., a resident of
Pittsburg. Mrs. Gibson departed this life, December 21, 1889. He
was again married May 12, 1891, to Maggie L. Miller, and one
daughter has blessed this union. Mary P. In August. 1864, Mr. Gibson
enlisted in Company 15. Sixth Pennsylvania Artillery, anil served in
that battery until the close of the war. lie is a Republican, in politics,
and both he and wife. ire members of the Methodist Episcopal
church.
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. IO55 Thomas Tebay was the

eldest son of William Tebay, a native <>t England, who came to
Butler county in 1S22, and purchased a tract of land in Muddy Creek
township He died at the residence of his son. William, in Mercer
county, in ls:>(i. aged seventy-five years. Thomas did not come to
this country until 1840. He purchased the present Tebay farm in Clay
township in 1848. He was married in England to Mary Gibson, and
reared a family of four children, two of whom survive: William, and
Jane, who married Mr. Wilton. Mr. Tebay died in 1881, at the
advanced age of ninety-three years. William Tebay, eldest living child
of Thomas and Mary (Gibson) Tebay, was born January 8, 1814, in
England, attended the common schools of his native land, and came
with his parents to the United States in 1840. He continued to work
on the homestead farm until his father's death, then inherited
onehalf of the same, to which he has since added t w cnty-livc acres,
purchased from an adjoining farm. In 1858 he married Miss 15. Ann
Wilson, a daughter of Charles Wilson, and they are the parents of
the following children : John W. : Mary A., wife John Wright ; Martha
E.; Tillie B , and Maggie J. Mr. Tebay and wife are members of the
United Presbyterian church, and he is a stanch adherent of the
Democratic party. Rudolph Bartmass was born in Butler county,
Pennsylvania, February 11, 1814, ami was a son of Rudolph
Bartmass. a native of Germany, and an early settler of Butler county.
The subject of this sketch was reared upon his father's farm, and
followed agriculture all his life. lie married Jane McNair, and of a
family of ten children born to this union, seven survive, as follows :
Mary, wile of William Christley : Elvira, wife of Samuel Daniels: John,
a resident of Illinois: Ellen, wife of William Martin; Anna, wife of
William Miller: Ida. wile ot John Coyle, and William R. Mr. Bartmass
died upon his farm in Clay township, May 28, 1889. William R.
Bartmass was born on the homestead farm, in Clay township. Butler
county. January 15, 1863, received a common school education, and
when twenty-seven years old took charge of the homestead. On
September 7. 1892, he married Leonora, a daughter of E. D. and
Mary Eagal, of Centre township, and has one son, Ralph. The family
are connected with the Presbyterian church, and politically, Mr.
Bartmass is a Republican. Ehenezek C. Adams was born in Clay
township. Butler county. August 24, 1831, son of John and Annabel
(Wasson) Adams, natives of Ireland and Pennsylvania, respectively.
His father located in Butler county in 1800, and reared a family of
twenty children, our subject being the eighteenth in order of birth.
John Adams died in 1838, aged seventy-three years. Ebenezer C.
learned the carpenter's trade in early manhood, and has followed it
more or less all his life. He conducted a hotel at West Suubury for a
time, and in 1889 purchased his present farm of twenty acres,
where he makes a specialty of growing small fruits. Mr. Adams was
married October 15, 1856, to Ann Smith, who became the mother of
five children, two of whom are living: John S.. and Sarah X., wife of
J. P. Campbell. Mrs. Adams died September 15, 1881, and he was
again married June 29, 1882, to Margaret Ekin. Mr. Adams and wife
are members of the United Presbyterian church, and in politics, he' is
a Republican.
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IO56 HISTORY OF BUTLER COUNTY. James Webb was a

son of John Webb, who came to this country about the year 17->4.
as an officer in the British army, bringing with him his wife- and two
children and settling at Philadelphia. John Webb was killed at
Quebec in 1759, and after his death his wife went to friends in
Franklin county, Pennsylvania, where she was killed by the Indians,
and her son James, then a hoy of eleven years of age. was taken
prisoner by the savages and lived with them until he was eighteen,
when he succeeded in making his escape and returned to Franklin
countv. Here he married, and. during the Revolution, removed with
his family. consisting ol his wife, whose maiden name was Brown,
and three sons. John, Edward and James Mitchell, to Allegheny
county, where the remaining years of his life were spent. Edward
Webb was horn in Franklin county and grew to maturity in Allegheny
county, married Ruhama Minson, and had a family of live children, as
follows : John: Druscilla ; Andrew; Newton, and Esther, lie removed
with his family to Butler countv in 1886. John Webb, son of Edward
and Ruhama Webb, had arrived at manhood before his parents
located in Butler county. lie first owned a property near West
Sunbury, which he traded for the present Webb farm. lie married
Prudence Snyder, to which union were horn ten children, six of
whom survive, as follows: Catherine, wife of George Morrow; William
M.; John M.. who served through the Rebellion in Company E, One
Hundred and Third Pennsylvania Volunteers; Martin L. ; Mary J., wife
of Uriah Ralston, and Edward C. Mr. Webb died in 1890, aged
seventy-six years. William M. Webb, eldest son of John and Prudence
Webb, was horn in Clay township, April 12, 1840. At the age of
twenty-six years his father gave him seventy-five acres of land, and
since that time he has followed the vocation of a farmer. He was
married February 15, 1876, to Sarah E. Wick, a daughter of William
S. Wick, and has a family of six children, viz. : Florence J.; Mvra B.:
John: Mary P.; Lulu M.. and Ora C. Mr. Webb is an elder in the
Presbyterian church, and in politics, he is a Republican. John Young
was a native of Pennsylvania, and a son of Peter Young, a native of
Ireland. His father immigrated to Allegheny countv in I T'.H.I, and
later removed to Beaver county, where the balance of his life was
spent. He married a Miss Algeo. ami reared a family of seven
children, all of whom are dead. Their names are Nancy ; Martha;
Rebecca; John; William; Algeo. and Robert. John was the eldest -on,
and came to Clay township. Butler county, about 1830, where he
purchased a farm and followed agricultural pursuits down to his
death. In 1813 he married Elizabeth Adams, a daughter of John
Adams of this county, and reared a family of seven children, only
two of whom are living: Nancy, and Robert II. The parents died in
this county. ROBERT II. Young, youngest child of John and Elizabeth
Young, received a good education and followed teaching for twenty
years. He purchased his present homestead in 1866, adding ten
acres to it in 1890. In 1859 hi- married Mary E. Stewart, a daughter
of Thomas Stewart, of Concord township, to which union were horn
eight children, all of whom are living, viz. : Jennie, wife of I.
N.Maxwell; James R. ; William E. ; John M. ; Theodore; Melvin ;
Breaden, and Edwin T. Mrs. Young died in 1874, aged thirtv-four
years. He married
 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. IO57 for his second wife Mrs.
Amanda McFarland ucc Bryson, a daughter of William C. and Sarah
J. (White) Bryson, of Whitestown. The family are members of the
United Presbyterian church. In 1864 he enlisted in the Sixth Heavy
Artillery, leaving his wife and three children, the youngest six months
old, without any support but the local bounty received from Forward
township. He served until June, 1865, when the regiment was
discharged. Mr. Young is a Republican, was elected superintendent
of the public schools in 1872, filled that office three years, and has
also been school director for one term, and township auditor since
1881. He makes a specialty of small fruit growing, and is one of the
most intelligent and progressive citizens of the community. Richard
Baker was born in Beaver township. Beaver county, Pennsylvania, in
1795. and was the tirst white child born in that township. His father,
Robert Baker, was a native of Ireland, and one of the pioneers of
Beaver county. He married Miss Rachel Williams, and reared a family
of six sons, as follows : Richard; William; Samuel; Enoch; John, and
George. Robert Baker and wife spent the remaining years of their
lives in Beaver count}-. The subject of this sketch was reared upon
his father's farm, and learned the cooper's trade, which he followed
until he had saved sufficient money to purchase 150 acres of land in
his native township, upon which he located and engaged in farming.
He married Catherine Thompson, a daughter of James Thompson, to
whom were born twenty children, four of whom died in infancy. The
names of the others are as follows : James, who died at
Andersonville, in the Rebellion ; William, of Beaver county;
Saphronia ; Sidney, wife of William Beatty, of Beaver county;
Lorenzo, who was wounded at the battle of Vicksburg, from the
effects of which he died ; John, a resident of Iowa ; Robert, who
was also killed in the Rebellion ; George K., of Clay township ;
Thompson, a resident of Nebraska ; Sarah, wife of Benjamin James;
Mary A., who married Fred Strahlev ; Nancy J., who married Talbert
Swalters ; Matilda, wife of Walter Craig; Rachel, wife of George
Minner; Richard, of Nebraska, and Catherine, wife of Robert Mills.
Mr. Baker died in December, 1882, aged eighty-three years. George
K. Baker was born in Beaver county, December 7. 1837, grew to
maturity in that count}-, and at the age of twenty-two years rented
a farm in Centre township, Butler county, where he lived six years.
He then purchased a farm of eighty acres in Clay township, upon
which he has since resided. Mr. Baker was married September 20,
I860, to Martha F. Russell, a daughter of William and Elizabeth
(McCandless) Russell, of Centre township. She was born July 9,
1834, and is the third in a family of five children. Four children were
born to this union, as follows ; Thompson M., born April 24, 1862;
Elizabeth R., widow of W. L. Stoops, who has two children, Henry C,
and Francis J. ; Mary C, wife of O. D. Pisor, and William R., who is
station agent at Harrisville. Mr. Baker enlisted in Company I, Sixty-
seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, March 28, 1865, and was
mustered out of the service July 20, of the same year. Politically, he
is a Democrat, and the family are connected with the Methodist
Episcopal church. Alfred Miller, son of Robert and Hannah (Varnum)
Miller, natives of Butler county, of German origin, was born in this
county, March 5. 1848. He
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I O 5 S HISTORY OF BUTLER COUNTY. commenced working

in boyhood for hi- uncle, Enoch Varnum, and worked on his farm for
several years, and then went into the oil fields and continued in that
business until February 18, 1864. On that date he enlisted in
Company II, One Hundred and Second Pennsylvania Volunteers, and
served until the close of the war. being discharged in June. 1865. He
was wounded at the battle of the Wilderness, also at Cedar Creek.
On his return from the army lie purchased his present farm, and is
engaged in farming, fruit growing and trucking. Mr. Miller was
married September 14, 1869, to Olive Sutton, a daughter of Jesse
and Mary J. Sutton, to whom were born four children, as follows:
Carrie |. ; Chloe II. ; Laura J., and Eve E. Mrs. Miller died April 22,
1893, aged thirtv-eight years. The family are members of the
Methodist church, and in politics. Mr. Miller is an independent voter.
John Day was born in Mifflin county, Pennsylvania, March 30, 1824,
and is a son of John and Sarah Daw natives of the same county. His
father was a blacksmith, and reared a family of twelve children,
eight of whom are living, viz.: Elizabeth, wife of Jacob Womer; John;
Ann. wife of Robert Adams; Anthony: Sarah, wife of Levi Whitmore ;
Catherine, wife of Daniel Ileckman; George, and Priscilla, wife of
James Ogden. The subject of this sketch was educated in the
common schools of his native county, and when eighteen years of
age Commenced life for himself as a wood-chopper in winter and a
charcoal burner in the summer season. These occupations he
followed for seven years, and then worked on a farm for three years.
At this time he purchased a farm in Washington township. Butler
county, upon which he lived until 1867, then sold it. and bought his
present farm of 131 acres, in Clay township, which he has ever since
made his home. Mr. Day was married February 18. ls47, to Miss Mary
A. Arner, to which union were born sixteen children, eleven of whom
are living, as follows: Elizabeth, wife of W. T. Reddick ; Christina,
wife of Philip B. Porter; Mary A., wile of Andrew McMurray ; David, a
resident of Harmony; J. C. F., a farmer of Clay township, born
February 22, 1858, married Mary .L. Whitmire, and has lour children
: Stella A.. Samuel A.. Bessie M., and 11a R. ; Margaret R., wife of
Levi Conn : Samuel A., a resident of West Virginia ; Emma X., wife
John Huggins : W. P. L., a teacher; Ida E., wife of James R. Pringle,
and Peter R., who resides with his lather. The family are connected
with the Presbyterian church, and in politics. Mr. Day is a Republican.
He enlisted September :!. 1864, in Company K. Sixth Pennsylvania
Artillery, ami served until mustered out of the service June 13, 1865.
Miller Hutchison was born in Oakland township. Butler county.
Pennsylvania, April IS. 1855, son of Robert and Sarah (Miller)
Hutchison, natives of this county. Robert Hutchison was a fanner,
and a son of Fergus Hutchison, one of the pioneers of I hitler County
. He died October 30, 1866. The subject of this sketch is the only
one living of a family of six children. At the age of nineteen years he
engaged as a farm hand, and continued the same for some two
years. He was married November 22, 187'i, to Amelia P.. a daughter
of Jacob Brown, and then located on his present farm, which Mr.
Brown hail given to his daughter. It consists of ninety-three acres in
Clay township, and seventyfive in Centre township. Mr. Hutchison
makes a specialty of stock growing.
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. I OZ,[) and is quite a successful

farmer. He is the father of five children, as follows: Jacob B. ; Myrtle
C. ; Warren E.; Barbara, deceased, and Margaret L. Mr. Hutchison
and wife are members of the Lutheran church, and he is an
adherent of the Republican party. Sebastian Mershimer was horn in
Germany, in L758, came to America in youth, and served in the
Continental army throughout the Revolution. He afterwards located
at Reading, Pennsylvania, where he worked at the wagonmaker's
trade, and later removed his family to what is now Lawrence county,
where he died in 1845, aged eighty-seven years. He married
Catherine Wrightmeyer, and reared a family of five children, viz. :
Adam ; Frances, who married John Smith: Peter; Henry, and
Catherine, who married Charles Campbell. Adam Mershimer was
born in Reading, Pennsylvania, in 1791, and removed with his
parents to Lawrence county, where he engaged in farming. He
married Catherine Stickle, and reared a family of eight children, as
follows : Peter, of Lawrence county ; Sebastian, of the same county:
Elizabeth, wife of Amos Messimer ; Susan, deceased wife of Thomas
Hanna ; Samuel S. : Catherine, wife of Stewart Boyd ; Henry R., and
Eve, deceased. Mr. Mershimer died March 15, 1865, aged seventy-
four years. Samuel S. Mershimer was born in Lawrence county, in
1829, son of Adam Mershimer, received a common school education,
and commenced to learn the carpenter's trade when he was
nineteen years of age. which business he followed in Lawrence
county for twenty-five years, lie then removed to Butler county and
purchased his present homestead of seventy-five acres in Clav
township, where he has since been engaged in farming, making a
specialty of small fruits. Mr. Mershimer was married January 14.
1858, to Margaret Morrow', who is the mother of eight children, as
follows: Clara A., deceased: James M. ; George M. ; Charles \V. ;
William C. ; Margaret A.; Eldora M., and Clarence D. The family are
connected with the Presbyterian church, and politically, Mr.
Mershimer is a stanch Democrat. Zei.max R. Mershimer was born in
Lawrence county, Pennsylvania, April 15, 1850, and is a son of Peter
and Elizabeth (Richev) Mershimer. of that county, and a grandson of
Adam Mershimer. His father is a resident of Lawrence county, and
reared a family of rive children as follows: Alsetha, wife of Milton
Frew; Zehnan R. ; Henry R. ; George 13., and Adam E. The subject
of this sketch received a common school education , and was reared
upon his father's farm. He afterwards worked for his father for five
years, then settled upon a rented farm, which he carried on for two
years. In 1881 he purchased his present homestead of 1(H) acres in
Clay township. Butler county, located upon it and is now one of the
successful farmers of the community. Mr. Mershimer was married in
March, fs7<>. to Amanda M.Wright, a daughter of John C. Wright,
of Beaver county. Eight children are the fruits of this union, five of
whom are living: Lemira L; Audley R. ; Elizabeth M. ; Peter V.. and
Leland H. The family are connected with the United Presbyterian
church, and in politics, Mr. Mershimer is an ardent Democrat. John
BoozeL was horn in Mercer county (now Lawrence), Pennsylvania.
March 8, 1831, son of William and Betsey ( Wimer) Boozel, natives
of Pennsyl 
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I060 HISTORY OF BUTLER COUNTY. vania, and of German

origin. William ] ><>o/.cl was a son of Thomas Boozel, and followed
farming all his life. The subject of this sketch commenced business
life at the age of twenty-one, as a farm hand, and worked on a farm
until Tuly, 1862, when he enlisted in Company B. One Hundred and
Thirty-fourth Pennsylvania Volunteers. He participated in the battles
of Second Bull Run and Chancellorsville, and was honorably
discharged in April, 1863. He was united in marriage with Nancy
McConnell, July 3, 1856, and out of a family of thirteen children born
to this union, eleven are living, viz. : Austin W., who married Nettie
Snyder ; William R., who married Alice Low; Laura Ella, wife of Frank
Gibson; S. Maggie, wile of Ford Christley ; John II.: Be.ttie, wife of
George Bonnie; Walter E. ; Joseph W.; J. Homer; Elmer S., and
Nelson B. In 1881 Mr. Boo/.el purchased his present homestead in
Clay township, consisting of 127 acres, where he has since been
engaged in farming. He and wife are members of the United
Presbyterian church, and in politics, he is a stanch Republican.
George W. Renick was born in Slippery Rock township. Butler county,
February 22, I860, son of William D. and Caroline (Snyder) Renick.
William D. Renick is a blacksmith in Slippery Rock township. He
reared a family of eight children, as follows : Jacob G. ; Daniel A. ;
Louisa, deceased ; George W.; Margaret A., wife of Melvin Hall;
Adam II. ; William F., and Charles E. The subject of this sketch
received a common school education, and resided at home until be
was twenty-nine years of age. lie was married April I. 1889, to
Myrtle Sager, and has two children: Nellie C.,and Evalena May. Mrs.
Renick is a daughter ot Benjamin Sager. of Slippery Rock township,
and a member of the Presbyterian church. After his marriage Mr.
Renick located on a farm of 165 acres in Clay township, where he
has since resided. Politically, he is a Democrat, and in religion, is an
adherent of the Lutheran church. Amos Young is a native of Butler
county, born May 25, 1855, and a son of William and Mary (Brown)
Young, natives of Butler county. His father was a miller by
occupation, and reared a family of nine children, six of whom are
living. Amos was the third in the family. When he was a child his
father died, and he was taken into the family of his grandfather,
Simon Young, but the latter died soon afterwards, ami our subject
then went to live with an uncle, whose name was also Simon Young.
Here he resided until the age of fifteen years, working on the farm
and attending school at intervals. At the age of fifteen he
commenced to learn the stonemason's trade, and remained at that
business lor four years, and then engaged as a farm hand to Tacob
Brown, whose daughter he subsequently married. Mr. Brown died
May 4. 1891, aged seventyseven years. Mr. Young was united in
marriage to Tillie C, daughter of Jacob and Barbara Brown,
November 3, 1891. lie resides on a farm, formerly owned l>v his
father-in-law, consisting of eighty-live acres, to which he has added
fortyone acres. He also owns sixty-tour acres in Centre township. Mr.
Young is a general fanner, and devotes considerable attention to the
breeding of Shorthorn Durham cattle. He and wife are members of
the Lutheran church, and in politics, he is a stanch adherent of the
Republican party. Rev. William P. Breaden was born in Raccoon
township, Beaver count}', Pennsylvania, in 1S14. and was reared
upon his father's farm. He received his
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BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. I06l primary education in a

pioneer subscription school, then entered Franklin College, New
Athens, Ohio, and afterwards Allegheny Theological Seminary. He
was licensed to preach by Lake Presbytery of the Associate
Reformed church, in 1838, and was ordained May 11. 1843, as
pastor of the Portersville and Evansburg congregations, in Butler
county. He was subsequently pastor of the Fairview and West
Sunbury congregations, from 1849 to L862, when the connection
between the two churches was dissolved. Mr. Breaden continued in
charge of the West Sunbury church until his death. May 13, 1880. lie
married Miss Charlotte Kline, a daughter of Charles Kline, of Mercer
county, about 1842, which union was blessed with five children, as
follows: Mary C, who married Rev. E. X. McElree, D. D., of Freeport ;
John C. : William J. ; John H.. and Tillie C, wife of Perry Conway, of
West Sunbury. Mr. Breaden preached the gospel in Butler county for
more than forty years, and was one of the most widely known
ministers in western Pennsylvania. Rev. John H. Breaden, son of Rev.
William P. Breaden, was born at West Sunburv. Butler county,
Pennsylvania, January 23, 1851. He received his primary education
in !he public schools, then took an academic course at West Sunburv
Academy, and entered Westminster College. Xew Wilmington, in
1870, where he was graduated in 1S74. He entered the Theological
Seminary, Allegheny, in the autumn of the latter year, where he took
a full theological course, was licensed to preach in April, Ls77. and
was ordained June 1 1. 1S7S. lie received a call from Oakland
congregation, located near Anderson, Hancock county. West Virginia,
accepted it, and remained in charge of that church until he accepted
a call from Mt. Pleasant church, Beaver county, Pennsylvania, with
which he remained for seven years, and was next called to take
charge of the congregation at West Sunbury, over which his father
was pastor for thirty-five years. Since 1887 he has been pastor of
the West Sunbury church, and under his careful and judicious
ministry the congregation has prospered in every way. Mr. Breaden
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