Positive and Negative Impacts
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ScribdTranslationsPositive and Negative Impacts
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ScribdTranslationsEvery time tourism is discussed, the issue of impacts is always observed.
Once
that tourism affects the environment, the impacts generally occur. These impacts
happen within economic, social, cultural, and environmental perspectives. The impacts
that arise in the tourist system can be positive or negative within a certain
environment.
The impacts originate from the changes brought about by the transformation of a place into
tourist destination, as actions and interventions are carried out, interfering
directly, in a positive or negative way, in the resident community and in the environment
natural, social and cultural.
Economic Impacts
The main positive economic impacts on tourism are:
Increase in the income of the visited place;
The stimulus of investments and job creation; increase in jobs,
many specific trainings, there is an elevation in the cultural level of the population,
language learning, guides, travel agents, hotels, inns, restaurants
stores
Basic industrialization: small artisanal businesses that transform into
small local industries
Improvement of transportation
Expansion in construction: Hotels, restaurants, inns, and even complexes
residential accommodations to house the working populations or the flow of tourists that
wants a second summer residence
negative economic impacts
Inflationary pressure; excessive demand for goods, real estate speculation that brings
losses for the local population, gentrification, expels the inhabitant from the territory to
construction of upscale neighborhoods. Housing prices become so high that the
local inhabitants move to the outskirts, inflating trade and services (withdrawal
of the residents of the historical areas
Great financial dependence on tourism; Concentration of tourists
at certain times of the year and absence at others, requiring planning actions and
compensation to maintain the balance and quality of life of the population.
Increase in social and environmental costs;
Investment priorities that only stimulate tourist activity.
investment is centralized in tourist areas for the improvement and well-being of the tourist,
diverting investment from other territories, when it is the resident who should be
benefited and the tourist is indirectly benefited. The everyday stores are
exchanged for souvenir shops.
Social Impacts
Some positive social impacts related to tourism are:
Improvement of quality of life;
Regularity in income distribution;
Increase in social development; tourism activity in less developed regions
developed can provide means to maintain a level of economic activity
sufficient, preventing the migration of people to more developed areas of a country
Several economic benefits;
Main negative social impacts:
Real estate speculation;
Inflation of products and services;
Occurrence of prostitution; Human relationships are important, as excess
tourism can have problematic repercussions: transforming the typical hospitality of
many countries in business practices cause economic factors to surpass
personal relationship. The subsequent effects may be the emergence of
consumerist behavior, the decline of morals, mendicancy, prostitution, the
drug use, the loss of dignity and the frustration of being unable to satisfy their
needs
Higher incidence of alcoholism;
Increase in the violence index. And in the condition of strangers, tourists are also
vulnerable and become victims of theft and crimes perpetrated by the local community,
that can consider these activities a way to 'restore balance' when the
tourists arrive in a country, bringing a different type of behavior, which can
deeply transform local social habits through the removal and the
disruption of the norms already established by the local population, which not only has to
accept the effects of overcrowding, but also needs to change its way of life,
besides having to live in contact with a different type of population, leading to
xenophobia and social tension, where the population for psychological, cultural or reasons
socially, it is not ready to be subjected to an 'invasion of tourists'
Cultural impacts
Positive cultural impacts:
Valuing local crafts; tourism ends up stimulating a return to
high-quality specific crafts
Valuation of cultural heritage;
Preservation of artistic, historical, and cultural heritage;
I respect traditional cultures;
Negative cultural impacts:
Decharacterization of handicrafts;
Devaluation of traditional cultural manifestations; Traditional dances and the
artistic craftsmanship gives way to cheap imitations to meet the needs of
visitor and to provide the resident with an income with as little effort as possible.
When the cultural differences between residents and tourists from countries and regions
but the more prosperous are very pronounced, it may happen that the culture and customs
places to be explored to satisfy the visitor at the cost of pride and dignity
of the local population.
Another influencing factor in the change of behavior of the residents is that
great cultural differences occur between different countries and sometimes between
different regions of the same country” (ARCHER and COOPER, 2001, p.93). For the
scholars, the problem would be exacerbated because tourists are, by definition,
strangers in destination. Their dress codes and their behavior patterns
are different from those adopted by the residents and often differ even
of those that the tourist would have in their own place of origin
Destruction of historical heritage;
Massive access of tourists;
Excessive circulation of people and vehicles;
Environmental impacts
I will just mention some negative environmental impacts:
Destruction of the environment: deforestation and decrease of wildlife;
Human interference;
Accumulation of garbage;
Mass visitation and etc.
Positive Aspects Negative Aspects
Economic Economic
Cash inflow Seasonality
Multiplier effect Service industries Economic leak
with intensive work Better infrastructure Immigration of foreigners as labor
infrastructure: roads, water, sewage, work
airports, recreation. Residents' expenses Security cost to balance crime
with the use of attractions created by Loss of income due to crises
development external economics/terrorism
Sociocultural Sociocultural
Expansion of the social perspective Coca-colonization
Preservation of family ties Mobility Loss of cultural identity in the community
increased global
Appreciation of heritage and identity Transformation of tourists into 'things'
ethnic Deterioration of historical sites due to
Folklore stimulus; creation of museums excessive use
Fear of terrorism and crime simplification
of the culture
Environmental Environmental
Awareness of the need for preservation costs
conservation Transformation of national parks and
Establishment of ecological brands zoos
Environmental Loss of wilderness areas Pollution Use
Preservation costs exaggerated from habitat due to fever of
Awareness of the limits of ecotourism resources
globals
Establishment of usage limits of
terraces
