34658. 7 - Thermal and Fluid Mechanics Systems - 20211.

Online Assessment 3 (OAL 3) -

Questionnaire
8/10

Question 1

/1

Read the following excerpt:

The efficiency of the gas turbine cycle can be improved by the introduction of a
regenerator. The figure below shows the scheme of the simple cycle of a gas turbine,
open cycle and with regenerator, and the corresponding p-v and T-s diagrams of the cycle
ideal air standard with regenerator. Note that in the cycle 1-2-x-3-4-y-1 the temperature of
exhaust gas, which leaves the turbine in state 4, is higher than the temperature of the gas
which leaves the compressor. Thus, heat can be transferred from the discharge gases of the
turbine for the high-pressure gases that leave the compressor.

IMG_24(1).JPG

Source: WYLEN, G.V; SONNTAG, R; BORGNAKKE, C. Fundamentals of Thermodynamics

Classic. 4th ed. São Paulo: Blucher, 2013, p. 268. (Adapted).

Consider a gas power cycle operating with a regenerator at a rate of

pressure equal to 10. The air enters the compressor at a temperature of 300 K and in the turbine
at 1200 K. Based on this information, it can be stated that the net work
produced in the turbine and the thermal efficiency of the cycle are:

Hide response options

 1.

2.

Correct answer

2. Question 2

/1

Read the following excerpt:

Power installations with gas turbines tend to be lighter and more compact if
compared to steam power installations. Additionally, they present a
favorable relationship between output power and weight in gas turbines, which makes them
attractive for transportation applications, one can cite, for example, propulsion
of aircraft and vessels.
Source: MORAN, M. J; SHAPIRO, H. N. Principles of Thermodynamics for Engineering.
Rio de Janeiro: LTC S.A., 6th ed. 2009.

Considering this information and the content studied about gas scooters,
analyze the following statements.

I. According to hypotheses of a standard air analysis, the increase in temperature in

the combustion process occurs due to heat transfer from an external source to the
workflow.

II. In the Brayton cycle, a heat exchanger between the turbine and compressor reduces the
turbine outlet temperature at the compressor inlet levels.

III. A standard Brayton power cycle consists of: a compressor, two

heat exchangers and a turbine.

IV. The Brayton cycle is the ideal gas power cycle, consisting of a boiler, turbine,
heat exchanger and pump.

Only what is stated in is correct:

Hide answer options

I, III and IV.

2.
 II and III.

3.

I, II and III.

Correct answer

4.

II, III and IV.

5.

I and II.

3. Question 3

/1

The ideal Brayton cycle consists of four processes analogous to the Rankine cycle,
however, without phase changes of the working fluid. There is a compression process
isentropic in the compressor, isobaric heating in the combustor, an expansion
isentropic in the turbine and an isobaric cooling in the heat exchanger.
Source: KROOS, K.A.; POTTER, M.C. Thermodynamics for Engineers. 1st ed. São
Paulo: Trail, 2016, p. 149. (Adapted).

Considering this information and the subjects studied in the Brayton cycle, suppose
a gas power cycle operating at a pressure ratio of 6 and conditions of
entry of 20°C and 100 kPa. In order to achieve a temperature rise of 1800°C,
It can be stated that the amount of heat input in the cycle corresponds to:

Hide response options

1.

1380 [kJ/kg].

2.

1210 [kJ/kg].

3.

1700 [kJ/kg].

4.

1420 [kJ/kg].
 5.

1584 [kJ/kg].

Correct answer

4. Question 4

/1

Read the following excerpt:

Until the 1940s, much of the turbine work was needed to drive the
compressor. With the increase in the efficiency of compressors and turbines, due to
of the best blade design and higher inlet temperature for the turbines
(materials with better heat resistance), gas turbine engines accept
various applications.

IMG_23(1).JPG

Source: MORAN, M.J; SHAPIRO, H.N; BOETTNER, D.D; BALEY, M.B. Fundamentals of
Engineering Thermodynamics. 8th ed. USA: Wiley, 2014, p. 530-532. (Adapted).

Considering this information and the diagram, as well as the content studied about the
Brayton cycle with reheating, analyze the following statements and mark V for the(s)
true(s) and F for the false(s).

I. ( ) Cycle B has a larger area and, therefore, greater net work produced by
unit of flowing mass.

II. ( ) Cycle A has a greater compression ratio than cycle B and, therefore, lower.
thermal efficiency.

III. ( ) The process 1-2 occurs in the compressor and is isentropic in the standard power cycle
ideal

IV. ( ) The process 3-4 occurs in the turbine and is isentropic in the standard power cycle.
ideal.

V. ( ) The 4-1 process occurs in the heat exchanger, at constant pressure, in the standard cycle.
of ideal power.

Now, choose the option that presents the correct sequence:

Hide answer options

1.
 F, F, V, V, F.

2.

T, F, T, T, F.

3.

T, F, T, T, T.

Correct answer

4.

F, V, V, V, V.

5.

T, F, F, F, T.

5. Question 5

/1

Read the following excerpt:

The Brayton engine, due to the efficiencies of the compressor and the turbine not being
sufficiently high, it did not attract significant industrial interest early in its
development. Considering the present days, the Brayton engine, also referred to
like a gas turbine, it has effectively become competitive and efficient being used in
commercial and military aircraft, as well as in power plants, tanks, ships, large
trucks and even motorcycles.
Source: KROOS, K.A.; POTTER, M.C. Thermodynamics for Engineers. 1st ed. São
Paulo: Trail, 2016, p. 315. (Adapted).
Considering this information and the content studied about the Brayton cycle, which of the
alternatives to better justify the relationships of the work of the compressor and the
turbine?

Hide response options

1.

In this process, less work is done on the compressor to achieve

greater amount of work in the turbine.

2.

In this process, less work is done in the compressor to perform

less work in the turbine.
 3.

In this process, more work is done in the compressor to perform

greater amount of work in the turbine.

4.

In this process, less work is done on the compressor, without affecting the
work done on the turbine.

5.

In this process, more work is done on the compressor to perform

less amount of work in the turbine.

Correct answer

6. Question 6

/1

Read the following excerpt:

In the study of Thermal Machines, we have that a thermal engine refers to a

device that receives heat from a reservoir and provides work during the
operation in a cycle. For example, the first law describes how an engine
internal combustion works: the heat 'Q' released by the combustion of gasoline is
converted into mechanical work "W."
Source: KROOS, K.A.; POTTER, M.C. Thermodynamics for Engineers. 1st ed. São
Paulo: Trail, 2016, p. 124-126. (Adapted).

Considering this information and the study content on the Brayton cycle, regarding
regarding combustion engines, what is stated in:

Hide answer options

1.

In the ideal Brayton cycle, there are two isobaric processes and two processes
adiabatic.

Correct answer

2.

The compression ratio of gasoline-powered engines is higher than the

two alcohol-powered engines.

3.
 The Ericsson cycle exhibits high efficiency and low reductions in
emissions from combustion products, through combustion
external.

4.

In the Otto cycle, the fuel's self-ignition temperature is reached in the

compression stage, thus carrying out the explosion and expansion.

5.

The thermodynamic cycles that address internal combustion engines

are: Otto cycle, Diesel, Brayton and Stirling.

7. Question 7

/1

Read the following excerpt:

Considering the operating principle of combustion engines, the ideal cycle

used to model the gas turbine is the Brayton cycle. The gas turbine can operate in
an open cycle or in a closed cycle, unlike other engines.
Source: KROOS, K.A.; POTTER, M.C. Thermodynamics for Engineers. 1st ed. São
Paulo: Trail, 2016, p. 149. (Adapted).

Considering this information and the content studied about gas-powered mopeds,
it can be stated that one difference between the open cycle and the closed one is that, in this
lastly, there is the presence of an additional component, that is, of a:

Hide response options

1.

expansion valve.

2.

turbine.

3.

bomb.

4.

heat exchanger.

Correct answer
 5.

compressor.

8. Question 8

/1

Read the following excerpt:

Engines that use ideal gas as working fluid are known as cycles
of gas power. These engines do not have the advantage of using phase change.
to transfer large amounts of heat. Instead, a motor powered by
gas moves large quantities of air to produce energy.
Source: KROOS, K.A.; POTTER, M.C. Thermodynamics for Engineers. 1st ed. São
Paulo: Trail, 2016, p. 293. (Adapted).

Considering this information and the content studied about gas mopeds,
It can be said that the moped features the combustion thermodynamic cycle.
external is the:

Hide response options

1.

Miller cycle.

2. Incorrect:

Rankine cycle.

3.

Brayton cycle.

Correct answer

4.

Otto cycle.

5.

Diesel cycle.

9. Question 9

/1
Read the following excerpt:

A necessary function of the turbine is to drive the compressor. Only in the 1940s did
The turbine generated enough energy to drive the compressor and have additional energy.
to be competitive with piston engines. If the turbine and the compressor had
only 80% efficiency, a gas turbine engine would not be competitive. As it
that efficiency has increased, gas turbine engines have found several
applications. Perhaps the most common is the gas turbine engine that powers the current
commercial aircraft
Source: KROOS, K.A.; POTTER, M.C. Thermodynamics for Engineers. 1st ed. São
Paulo: Trail, 2016, p. 316.

Consider an ideal gas power cycle, with a mass flow rate of 3.4 [kg/s] of air, which
enters a compressor at a pressure of 0.1 MPa and temperature 25°C and leaves it at
a pressure of 0.8 MPa. The air exits the combustor at an average temperature of 527°C.

IMG_21(1).JPG

Source: KROOS, K.A.; POTTER, M.C. Thermodynamics for Engineers. 1st ed. São
Paulo: Trail, 2016, p. 320. (Adapted).

Based on this information and analyzing the thermodynamic properties of

system, it can be stated that the temperature at which the air exits the turbine is:

Hide response options

337K.

2.

414K.

Correct answer

3.

527K.

4.

800K.

5.

273K.
10. Question 10

/1

Read the following excerpt:

In internal combustion engines, the fuel burns inside the engine while
that in external combustion engines, combustion occurs outside of the
energy production device. These are engines that convert energy
chemical stored in the fuel into mechanical work.
Source: KROOS, K.A.; POTTER, M.C. Thermodynamics for Engineers. 1st ed. São
Paulo: Trail, 2016, p. 292-293. (Adapted).

Considering this information and the content studied about gas engine cycles,
analyze the following statements.

I. The Carnot cycle is used as an ideal model for gas power cycles.
energy generation.

II. Diesel engines do not have a spark plug and ignition occurs by compression, when the
fuel is injected into the high temperature volume.

III. The engine based on the ideal Otto cycle features spark ignition and is commonly
used in passenger cars and motorcycles.

IV. The engines of the Brayton power cycle are characterized by presenting
steam-powered engines.

Only what is stated in is correct:

Hide response options

1.

I, II and IV.

2.

II and IV.

3.

II and III.

Correct answer

4.

I, III and IV.

5. Incorrect:
I and II.