Great Ideological Conceptions To Interpret Society
Uploaded by
ScribdTranslationsGreat Ideological Conceptions To Interpret Society
Uploaded by
ScribdTranslationsGreat Ideological Conceptions to Interpret Society
Idealism and Materialism.
Idealism
Idealism, a theory of reality and knowledge that attributes a key role to the
mind in the structure of the perceived world. Throughout the history of philosophy
different applications and definitions can be distinguished. In its simplest form
Radical and often rejected, it is equivalent to solipsism, a viewpoint
that claims that reality derives from the activity of the mind itself and that nothing
exists outside of oneself.
However, in a habitual way, the idealist completely acknowledges the world.
external or natural, and avoids stating that it can be reduced to the mere fact of
think. For idealists, on the other hand, the mind acts and is, in fact, capable of
to make things exist that would otherwise not be possible such as law, religion, the
art or mathematics and their statements are more radical in asserting that the
objects perceived by a person are affected to a certain extent by the
mental activity: if a study about the real world intends to be scientific it is
it is basic to take this fact into account.
Idealism is the family of philosophical theories that assert the primacy of the
ideas or even their independent existence. A synonym is Immaterialism. The
materialism rejects idealism. Idealism is precisely antagonistic to
realism well, there are idealist philosophies (objective idealism) that postulate a
existence of abstract objects independent of the observer.
Idealism assumes that objects cannot have existence without there being a
mind that is aware of them. In order to know things, one must take
it takes into account consciousness, ideas, the subject, and thought. Plato, Berkeley, and
Kant is some of its representatives. Subjective idealism holds that the
ideas only exist in the mind of the subject: that there is no external world
autonomous. For the subjective idealist, others are ideas that only exist in their
own mind. Representatives of subjective idealism are: Descartes, Berkeley,
Kant, Fichte, Mach, Cassirer, and Collingwood. Idealism is the tendency of
to idealize reality and on the other hand, it is the philosophical position that asserts that the
The external world is an idea that comes from the mind of man or from a being.
supernatural. In other words, it refers to all the theories that assert that the
the external world does not exist independently of the human mind.
FUNDAMENTALS OF IDEALISM
True reality exists only in the world of ideas.
He argues that the Universe is composed of matter and idea.
Matter is what we can receive through the senses.
Material is temporary, it changes, it does not remain.
Therefore, it cannot be true reality.
Ideas are eternal, abstract, permanent.
MATERIALISM
Materialism it is a philosophical movement that emerged to oppose the
idealism. The main postulate of materialism is that the thing exists just as it is.
preceding that its mere existence, regardless of whether this is linked to the
senses available in living beings. For its part, idealism resorts to the
belief that something cannot exist if there is no one to perceive or have it
awareness of their presence. One of the most well-known questions surrounding this
philosophical dispute is: If a tree falls in the middle of the jungle with no one around it,
its fall makes some noise. Materialism established a theory in which the
the origin of the universe came from a material element, existing, and that from
the interaction of the molecules present in this object, arose everything else, from
the same way was applied analogously to man, saying that man
what is formed is made from a material element, which creates the soul. This
the essential element is destroyed when man ceases to exist, dies.
In the subsequent civilizations after the postulates of Democritus
(main philosopher studying the subject), and Aristotle, (who claimed that the
The initial raw material existed before anything else) the existence was called into question
of a supreme being, a God responsible for the creation of man and life in the
earth.
Materialism also holds that matter has not been created from nothing,
but exists in eternity and that the world and its regularities are
knowable by humans, as it is possible to demonstrate the accuracy of that
a way of conceiving a natural process, reproducing it ourselves,
creating it as a result of its own conditions and also putting it to the
service to our own ends, undermining the "thing in itself, unattainable."
Materialism in the present day
The concept not only affects the philosophical view of the world but also to the
science. Although in the natural sciences, non-materialist approaches remained
long discarded, in social sciences there has been in recent
for centuries a controversy surrounding materialism as a research approach.
More recently, Marvin Harris proposed a materialist research approach.
from cultures and societies called cultural materialism. And even, Paul and
Patricia Churchland has promoted an extreme form of materialism, known as
as eliminative materialism holds that mental phenomena in
reality does not exist and that talking about mental reflections, as is done in
popular psychology is something like giving credit to diseases caused by
the devil.
Materialism has often been understood as an entirely
scientific and rationalist view of the world, particularly by religious thinkers
that oppose it and by Marxists. Materialism as a philosophical principle or
scientific typically contrasts with dualism, phenomenology, idealism and
vitalism.
In common language, it is used as a pejorative label for a style of
life that seeks wealth, money, and comforts, instead of spiritual development or
mental, which has nothing to do with the position of philosophers or scientists
materialists, but rather it better applies to the term consumerism.
Types of materialism
Eliminative materialism
Emerging materialism
Philosophical Materialism
French materialism
Historical Materialism
Reductive materialism
Dialectical materialism
