Institute of Distance and Open Learning
(IDOL)
University of Mumbai
Certificate
This is to certify that Mr./Ms. Narendra Dipak Jadhav. of FY/SY/TY BSc. I. T. Semester II
has completed the specified practical work in the subject of OBJECT ORIENTED
PROGRAMMING in satisfactorily manner within this institute as laid down by University of
Mumbai during the academic year 2021 to 2022.
Staff Member Incharge B. Sc. - I.T Co-ordinator
Examiner
Date: College Seal
(1) Implement the following:
a) Design an employee class for reading and displaying the employee information, the getInfo()
and displayInfo() methods will be used respectively. Where getInfo() will be private method.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class employee
{
char name[20];
int age;
float basic_sal;
void getInfo()
{
cout<<endl<<"Enter name: ";
cin>>name;
cout<<endl<<"Enter age: ";
cin>>age;
cout<<endl<<"Enter basic salary: ";
cin>>basic_sal;
}
public:
void displayInfo()
{
getInfo();
cout<<endl<<"\tEMPLOYEE INFORMATION\n";
cout<<"\t--------------------";
cout<<endl<<" Name: "<<name;
cout<<endl<<" Age: "<<age;
cout<<endl<<" Basic Salary: "<<basic_sal;
cout<<endl<<" Gross Salary: "<<basic_sal + (0.6*basic_sal) + (0.4*basic_sal);
}
};
void main()
{
clrscr();
employee e;
e.displayInfo();
getch();
}
(b) Design the class student containing getData() and displayData() as two of its methods which
will be used for reading and displaying the student information respectively. Where getData() will
be private method.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class student
{
char name[20];
int age;
float percentage;
void getData()
{
cout<<endl<<"Enter name: ";
cin>>name;
cout<<endl<<"Enter age: ";
cin>>age;
cout<<endl<<"Enter percentage: ";
cin>>percentage;
}
public:
void displayData()
{
getData();
cout<<endl<<"\tSTUDENT INFORMATION\n";
cout<<"\t-------------------";
cout<<endl<<" Name: "<<name;
cout<<endl<<" Age: "<<age;
cout<<endl<<" Percentage: "<<percentage;
}
};
void main()
{
clrscr();
student s;
s.displayData();
getch();
}
(c) Design the class Demo which will contain the following methods: readNo() ,factorial() for
calculating the factorial of a number, reverseNo() will reverse the given number, isPalindrome() will
check the given number is palindrome, isArmstrong() which will calculate the given number is
armStrong or not.Where readNo() will be private method.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class Demo
{
int n,nn;
void readNo()
{
cout<<"\nEnter a number: ";
cin>>n;
}
public:
int factorial()
{
readNo();
int f=1;
while(n>0)
{
f=f*n;
n--;
}
return f;
}
int reverseNo()
{
readNo();
int d,num=0;
nn=n;
while(n>0)
{
d=n%10;
num=num*10+d;
n=n/10;
}
return num;
}
int isPalindrome()
{
int revnum=reverseNo();
if(nn==revnum)
return 1;
else
return 0;
}
int isArmstrong()
{
readNo();
int nn=n,sum=0,d;
while(n>0)
{
d=n%10;
sum=sum+(d*d*d);
n=n/10;
}
if(nn==sum)
return 1;
else
return 0;
}
};
void main()
{
clrscr();
Demo d;
int res;
cout<<endl<<"To find out Factorial of Input Number\n";
cout<<"-------------------------------------";
res=d.factorial();
cout<<endl<<"Factorial= "<<res;
cout<<endl<<"\nTo find out the reverse of Input Number\n";
cout<<"---------------------------------------";
res=d.reverseNo();
cout<<endl<<"Reverse = "<<res;
cout<<endl<<"\nTo check whether input number is palindrome\n";
cout<<"-------------------------------------------";
if(d.isPalindrome())
cout<<"\nNumber is palindrome";
else
cout<<"\nNumber is not palindrome";
cout<<endl<<"\nTo check whether input number is Armstrong\n";
cout<<"------------------------------------------";
if(d.isArmstrong())
cout<<"\nNumber is armstrong";
else
cout<<"\nNumber is not armstrong";
getch();
}
Output:
To find out Factorial of Input Number
-------------------------------------
Enter a number: 5
Factorial= 120
To find out the reverse of Input Number
---------------------------------------
Enter a number: 1234
Reverse = 4321
To check whether input number is palindrome
-------------------------------------------
Enter a number: 12321
Number is palindrome
To check whether input number is Armstrong
------------------------------------------
Enter a number: 154
Number is not Armstrong
(d) Write a program to demonstrate function definition outside class and accessing class members
in function definition.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class Student
{
int roll_no;
char name [30];
float percentage;
public:
void getdata ();
void show ();
};
void Student:: getdata ()
{
cout <<"Enter Roll No: ";
cin >> roll_no;
cout << endl <<"Enter name: ";
cin >> name;
cout << endl <<"Enter Percentage: ";
cin >> percentage;
}
void Student:: show ()
{
cout << endl <<"Roll No: " << roll_no;
cout << endl <<"Name: " << name;
cout << endl <<"Percentage: " <<percentage;
}
void main()
{
clrscr();
Student studObj;
studObj.getdata();
studObj.show();
getch();
}
Output:
Enter Roll No: 101
Enter name: Sanjeela
Enter percentage: 78
Roll No: 101
Name: Sanjeela
Percentage: 78
(2) Implement the following
(a) Write a friend function for adding the two complex numbers, using a single class.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class complex
{
float n,m;
public:
void getData()
{
cout<<"\nEnter real number: ";
cin>>n;
cout<<"\nEnter imaginary number: ";
cin>>m;
}
void showData()
{
cout<< n <<" + j"<< m ;
}
friend complex sum(complex, complex);
};
complex sum(complex c1, complex c2)
{
complex c3;
c3.n=c1.n+c2.n;
c3.m=c1.m+c2.m;
return c3;
}
void main()
{
clrscr();
complex obj1, obj2, obj3;
cout<<"\nEnter Data for 1st Complex Number \n";
cout<<"---------------------------------";
obj1.getData();
cout<<"\nEnter Data for 2nd Complex Number \n";
cout<<"---------------------------------";
obj2.getData();
obj3=sum(obj1,obj2);
cout<<"\nComplex Number1: ";
obj1.showData();
cout<<"\nComplex Number2: ";
obj2.showData();
cout<<"\nComplex Number3: ";
obj3.showData();
getch();
}
(b) Write a friend function for adding the two different distances and display its sum, using two
classes.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class distance2;
class distance1
{
int feet;
int inch;
public:
void getData()
{
cout<<"\nEnter feet: ";
cin>>feet;
cout<<"\nEnter inches: ";
cin>>inch;
}
void showData()
{
cout<< feet <<"'-" <<inch<<"\"";
}
friend void sum(distance1, distance2);
};
class distance2
{
int feet,inch;
public:
void getData()
{
cout<<"\nEnter feet: ";
cin>>feet;
cout<<"\nEnter inches: ";
cin>>inch;
}
void showData()
{
cout<< feet<<"'-"<<inch <<"\"" ;
}
friend void sum(distance1, distance2);
};
void sum(distance1 d1, distance2 d2)
{
int f=d1.feet+d2.feet;
int i=d1.inch+d2.inch;
if(i>=12)
{
i=i-12;
f++;
}
cout<< f<<"'-"<<i <<"\"" ;
}
void main()
{
clrscr();
distance1 obj1;
distance2 obj2;
cout<<"\nEnter Data for 1st Distance \n";
cout<<"---------------------------";
obj1.getData();
cout<<"\nEnter Data for 2nd Distance \n";
cout<<"---------------------------";
obj2.getData();
cout<<"\nDistance1: ";
obj1.showData();
cout<<"\nDistance2: ";
obj2.showData();
cout<<"\nDistance3: ";
sum(obj1,obj2);
getch();
}
(c) Write a friend function for adding the two matrix from two different classes and display its sum.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class matrix2;
class matrix1
{
int a[3][3];
public:
void getData()
{
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
cin>>a[i][j];
}
}
void showData()
{
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
cout<<a[i][j]<<" ";
cout<<endl;
}
}
friend void sum(matrix1, matrix2);
};
class matrix2
{
int a[3][3];
public:
void getData()
{
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
cin>>a[i][j];
}
}
void showData()
{
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
cout<<a[i][j]<<" ";
cout<<endl;
}
}
friend void sum(matrix1, matrix2);
};
void sum(matrix1 m1, matrix2 m2)
{
int a[3][3];
for(int i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for(int j=0;j<3;j++)
{
a[i][j]=m1.a[i][j] + m2.a[i][j];
cout<<a[i][j]<<" ";
}
cout<<endl;
}
}
void main()
{
clrscr();
matrix1 obj1;
matrix2 obj2;
cout<<"\nEnter Data for 1st Matrix \n";
cout<<"-------------------------\n";
obj1.getData();
cout<<"\nEnter Data for 2nd Matrix \n";
cout<<"-------------------------\n";
obj2.getData();
cout<<"\nMatrix1: \n";
obj1.showData();
cout<<"\nMatrix2: \n";
obj2.showData();
cout<<"\nMatrix3: \n";
sum(obj1,obj2);
getch();
}
(3) Implement the following:
(a) Design a class Complex for adding the two complex numbers and also show the use of
constructor.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class complex
{
float n,m;
public:
complex()
{
n=0;
m=0;
}
complex(int a, int b)
{
n=a;
m=b;
}
void showData()
{
cout<< n <<" + j"<< m ;
}
complex sum(complex c1)
{
complex c3;
c3.n=n+c1.n;
c3.m=m+c1.m;
return c3;
}
};
void main()
{
clrscr();
complex obj1(3,4);
complex obj2(4,5);
complex obj3;
obj3=obj1.sum(obj2);
cout<<"\nComplex Number1: ";
obj1.showData();
cout<<"\nComplex Number2: ";
obj2.showData();
cout<<"\nComplex Number3: ";
obj3.showData();
getch();
}
(b) Design a class Geometry containing the methods area() and volume() and also overload the
area() function .
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class geometry
{
int l,b;
public:
int area(int x)
{
l=b=x;
return(l*b);
}
int area(int x, int y)
{
l=x;
b=y;
return(l*b);
}
int volume(int x)
{
l=x;
return(l*l*l);
}
};
void main()
{
clrscr();
geometry g;
cout<<"\nArea of square= "<<g.area(10);
cout<<"\nArea of rectangle= "<<g.area(10,15);
cout<<"\nVolume of cube= "<<g.volume(6);
getch();
}
(c) Design a class Static Demo to show the implementation of static variable and static function.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
class student
{
int roll_no;
char name[30];
float percent;
static int c;
public:
void get()
{
cout<<“\nEnter Name:”;
gets(name);
cout<<“\nEnter percentage:”;
cin>>percent;
roll_no=++c;
}
void show()
{
cout<<“\nRoll No:”<<roll_no;
cout<<“\nName:”<<name;
cout<<“\nPercentage:”<<percent;
cout<<“\n\n\tTotal number of students admitted:”<<c;
}
};
int student::c;
void main()
{
clrscr();
student s1,s2;
s1.get();
s2.get();
cout<<“\n Object 1 Data”;
cout<<“\n***************”;
s1.show();
cout<<“\nObject 2 Data”;
cout<<“\n**************”;
s2.show();
getch();
}
(4) Implement the following
(a) Overload the operator unary(-) for demonstrating operator overloading.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class abc
{
int a,b,c;
public:
void get()
{
cout<<"\nEnter three numbers: ";
cin>>a>>b>>c;
}
void show()
{
cout<<"\n\nA= "<<a<<"\tB= "<<b<<"\tC= "<<c;
}
void operator -()
{
a= -a;
b= -b;
c= -c;
}
};
void main()
{
clrscr();
abc a1;
a1.get();
cout<<"\n\n Original contents";
a1.show();
-a1;
cout<<"\n\n After Negation";
a1.show();
getch();
}
Output:
Enter three numbers: 5
-6
7
Original contents
A= 5 B= -6 C= 7
After Negation
A= -5 B= 6 C= -7
(b) Overload the operator + for adding the timings of two clocks, And also pass objects as an
argument.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class time
{
int hrs,min,sec;
public:
void get()
{
cout<<"\n\tEnter time (in hrs:minutes:seconds form): ";
cin>>hrs>>min>>sec;
}
void show()
{
cout<<"\n"<<hrs<<":"<<min<<":"<<sec;
}
time operator +(time t2)
{
time t3;
t3.sec=sec + t2.sec;
t3.min=min + t2.min + (t3.sec/60);
t3.sec=t3.sec%60;
t3.hrs=hrs + t2.hrs + (t3.min/60);
t3.min=t3.min%60;
return t3;
}
};
void main()
{
clrscr();
time t1,t2,t3;
t1.get();
t2.get();
t1.show();
t2.show();
t3=t1 + t2;
t3.show();
getch();
}
(c) Overload the + for concatenating the two strings. For e.g “c” + “++” = c++
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
class string
{
char str[60];
public:
void get()
{
cout<<"\n\tEnter a string: ";
cin>>str;
}
void show()
{
cout<<"\n"<<str;
}
string operator +(string s2)
{
string s3;
strcpy(s3.str,str);
strcat(s3.str,s2.str);
return s3;
}
};
void main()
{
clrscr();
string s1,s2,s3;
s1.get();
s2.get();
cout<<"\nString 1";
s1.show();
cout<<"\nString 2";
s2.show();
cout<<"\nAfter concatenation String 3";
s3=s1 + s2;
s3.show();
getch();
}
(5) Implement the following
(a) Design a class for single level inheritance using public and private type derivation.
(1) Using public type derivation:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class base
{
int n;
public:
void get()
{
cout<<"\nEnter value for n:";
cin>>n;
}
void show()
{
cout<<"\n\t\tN="<<n;
}
};
class derived:public base
{
int b;
public:
void get()
{
base::get();
cout<<"\nEnter value for b: ";
cin>>b;
}
};
void main()
{
clrscr();
derived d1;
d1.get();
d1.show();
getch();
}
Output:
Enter value for n:5
Enter value for b: 7
N=5
2) Using private type derivation:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class base
{
int n;
public:
void get()
{
cout<<"\nEnter value for n:";
cin>>n;
}
void show()
{
cout<<"\n\t\tN="<<n;
}
};
class derived:private base
{
int b;
public:
void get()
{
base::get();
cout<<"\nEnter value for b: ";
cin>>b;
}
void display()
{
show();
}
};
void main()
{
clrscr();
derived d1;
d1.get();
// d1.show(); not accessible as its scope is private
d1.display();
getch();
}
(b)Design class for multiple inheritance.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class internal
{
int n;
public:
void get()
{
cout<<"\nEnter n: ";
cin>>n;
}
int n_return()
{
return n;
}
void show()
{
cout<<"\n\nInternal marks: "<<n;
}
};
class external
{
int m;
public:
void get()
{
cout<<"\nEnter m: ";
cin>>m;
}
int m_return()
{
return m;
}
void show()
{
cout<<"\nM: "<<m;
}
};
class final:public internal, public external
{
float tot;
public:
void get()
{
internal::get();
external::get();
}
void show()
{
tot=in
internal::n_return()+external::m_return();
cout<<"\nTotal: "<<tot;
}
};
void main()
{
clrscr();
final t;
t.get();
t.show();
getch();
}
(c) Implement the hierarchical inheritance.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class person
{
char name[30];
int age;
public:
void getdata()
{
cout<<"\nEnter name and age: ";
cin>>name>>age;
}
void showdata()
{
cout<<"\nName: "<<name;
cout<<"\nAge: "<<age;
}
};
class student:public person
{
int marks;
public:
void get()
{
getdata();
cout<<"\nEnter marks: ";
cin>>marks;
}
void show()
{
showdata();
cout<<"\nMarks: "<<marks;
}
};
class employee:public person
{
char design[30];
public:
void get()
{
getdata();
cout<<"\nEnter designation: ";
cin>>design;
}
void show()
{
showdata();
cout<<"\nDesignation: "<<design;
}
};
void main()
{
clrscr();
student s;
employee e;
cout<<"\nEnter student's data";
s.get();
cout<<"\nEnter employee's data";
e.get();
cout<<"\n\nstudent's Data";
s.show();
cout<<"\n\nEmployee's Data";
e.show();
getch();
}
Employee's Data
Name: Rakesh
Age: 35
Designation: Manager
(6) Implement the following
(a) Implement the concept of method overriding.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class employee
{
int emp_code,age;
char name[30], qualification[30];
public:
void get()
{
cout<<"\nEnter employee id: ";
cin>>emp_code;
cout<<"\nEnter employee name: ";
cin>>name;
cout<<"\nEnter employee age: ";
cin>>age;
cout<<"\nEnter employee qualification: ";
cin>>qualification;
}
void show()
{
cout<<"\n\nEmployee id: "<<emp_code;
cout<<"\tName: "<<name;
cout<<"\nAge: "<<age<<"\t\tQualification: "<<qualification;
}
};
class contract_employee: public employee
{
int contract_id;
public:
void get()
{
cout<<"\nEnter contract_id: ";
cin>>contract_id;
}
void show()
{
cout<<"\nContract ID: "<<contract_id;
}
};
void main()
{
clrscr();
contract_employee ce;
ce.get();
ce.show();
getch();
}
(b) Show the use of virtual function
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class base
{
public:
virtual void display()
{
cout<<"\nDisplay of base class called";
}
};
class derived:public base
{
public:
void display()
{
cout<<"\nDisplay of derived class called";
}
};
void main()
{
clrscr();
base *b;
derived d;
b=&d;
b->display();
getch();
}
(c) Show the implementation of abstract class.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
// Using abstract methods and classes.
class Figure
{
public:
double dim1;
double dim2;
Figure(double a, double b)
{
dim1 = a;
dim2 = b;
}
// pure virtual function
virtual double area()=0;
};
class Rectangle:public Figure
{
public:
Rectangle(double a, double b):Figure(a,b)
{
}
// implement area for rectangle
double area()
{
cout<<"\nInside Area for Rectangle:";
return dim1 * dim2;
}
};
class Triangle:public Figure
{
public:
Triangle(double a, double b):Figure(a,b)
{
}
// implement area for right triangle
double area()
{
cout<<"\nInside Area for Triangle:";
return dim1 * dim2 / 2;
}
};
void main()
{
clrscr();
Rectangle r(9, 5);
Triangle t(10, 8);
cout<< r.area();
cout<< t.area();
getch();
}
(7) Implement the following
(a) String operations for string length , string concatenation
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
string str1="Sanjeela";
string str2="Sagar";
cout<<endl<<"Length of "<<str1<<": "<<str1.length();
string str3=str1+str2;
cout<<endl<<str3;
}
(b) String operations for string reverse, string comparison,
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
string str="Hello, Its going to reverse";
reverse(str.begin(), str.end());
cout<<str;
string s1="Sanjeela";
string s2="Sagar";
if(s1<s2)
cout<<endl<<s1<<" comes before "<<s2;
else
cout<<endl<<s2<<" comes before "<<s1;
}
(c) Console formatting functions.
Example 1:
Without using iomanip setw() method.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
char s[10];
cout<<"Enter your name: ";
cin>>s;
cout<<endl<<s;
getch();
}
With using iomanip setw() method.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<iomanip.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
char s[10];
cout<<"Enter your name: ";
cin>>setw(10)>>s;
cout<<endl<<s;
getch();
}
Example 2:
#include <iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
char c[] = "Sanjeela Sagar";
cout.write(c, 13).put('\n'); // put('\n')is used in place of endl
char ch[] = "A";
cout<<"ch = ";
cout.write(ch,1)<<endl; // writes one byte of ch.
char s[] = "ABCDEFGHIJC" ;
cout.write(s, 5)<<endl; // writes 5 bytes from string s
char name[15];
cout<< "Enter a name: ";
cin.read(name ,15); // reads 15 bytes from name
cout.write(name,15)<<endl; // writes 15 bytes from Name
getch();
}
(8) Implement the following:
(a) Show the implementation of exception handling
#include<iostream.h>
void main()
{
float percent;
cout<<"Enter your percentage: ";
cin>>percent;
try
{
if(percent<0 || percent>100)
throw(percent);
else
cout<<endl<<"Your percentage: "<<percent;
}
catch(int p)
{
cout<<endl<<"Invalid percentage: "<<p;
}
}
Output:
Enter percentage: 150
Invalid percentage: 150
(b) Show the implementation for exception handling for strings
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
void main()
{
string s;
cout<<"Enter the name of your course: ";
cin>>s;
try
{
if(s=="B.Sc - IT" || s=="BMS" || s=="B.Com")
cout<<endl<<"Your have chosen Course: "<<s;
else
throw(s);
}
catch(string ss)
{
cout<<endl<<"Oh!!!!!!!!! you have chosen the course that we don't provide: "<<ss;
}
}
Output:
1st Run:
Enter the name of your course: MCA
Oh!!!!!!!!! you have chosen the course that we don't provide: MCA
2nd Run:
Enter the name of your course: BMS
You have chosen Course: BMS
(9) Show the implementation
(a) Design a class FileDemo, open a file in read mode and display the total number of words
and lines in the file.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<fstream.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
ifstream fread("WordLineCount.txt");
int wc=1,lc=1;
char c;
while(fread)
{
fread.get(c);
if(c==' '|| c=='\n')
wc++;
if(c=='\n')
++;
}
fread.close();
cout<<"\n Total no. of words in the file: "<<wc;
cout<<"\n Total no. of lines in the file: "<<lc;
getch();
}
(b) Design a class to handle multiple files and file operations
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<fstream.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
ofstream fwrite("Alphabets.txt");
fwrite<<"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
fwrite.close();
ifstream fread("Alphabets.txt");
ofstream fwrite1("Vowels.txt");
ofstream fwrite2("Consonants.txt");
char c;
while(fread)
{
fread.get(c);
if(c=='A' || c=='E' || c=='I' || c=='O' || c=='U')
fwrite1<<c;
else
fwrite2<<c;
}
fread.close();
fwrite1.close();
fwrite2.close();
fread.open("Alphabets.txt");
ifstream fread1("Vowels.txt");
ifstream fread2("Consonants.txt");
cout<<"\n\nContents of Alphabets File\n";
cout<<"--------------------------\n";
while(fread)
{
fread.get(c);
cout<<c;
}
fread.close();
cout<<"\n\nContents of Vowels File\n";
cout<<"-----------------------\n";
while(fread1)
{
fread1.get(c);
cout<<c;
}
fread1.close();
cout<<"\n\nContents of Consonants File\n";
cout<<"---------------------------\n";
while(fread2)
{
fread2.get(c);
cout<<c;
}
fread2.close();
getch();
}
(c) Design a editor for appending and editing the files
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<fstream.h>
class student
{
char name[30];
int age;
float percent;
public:
void getdata()
{
cout<<endl<<"Enter name: ";
cin>>name;
cout<<endl<<"Enter age: ";
cin>>age;
cout<<endl<<"Enter percentage: ";
cin>>percent;
}
void showdata()
{
cout<<endl<<name;
cout<<"\t\t"<< age;
cout<<"\t\t"<<percent;
}
};
void main()
{
clrscr();
student st;
fstream freadwrite("Student.txt", ios::ate | ios::in | ios::out);
freadwrite.seekg(0,ios::beg);
cout<<endl<<"Current contents of file";
while(freadwrite.read((char*)&st,sizeof(st)))
st.showdata();
freadwrite.clear();
cout<<endl<<"Enter details for one more student";
st.getdata();
char c;
cin.get(c);
freadwrite.write((char*)&st, sizeof(st));
freadwrite.seekg(0);
cout<<endl<<"After addition of one more student";
cout<<endl<<"Name \t\t Age \t\t Percentage";
while(freadwrite.read((char*)&st, sizeof(st)))
{
st.showdata();
}
int n = freadwrite.tellg() / sizeof(st);
cout<<endl<<"Total no. of student record: "<<n;
cout<<endl<<"Enter student number to be updated: ";
int num;
cin>>num;
cin.get(c);
int l=(num-1) * sizeof(st);
if(freadwrite.eof())
freadwrite.clear();
freadwrite.seekp(l);
cout<<endl<<"Enter new values for the student";
st.getdata();
cin.get(c);
freadwrite.write((char*)&st, sizeof(st))<<flush;
freadwrite.seekg(0);
cout<<endl<<"After updation contents are";
cout<<endl<<"Name \t\t Age \t\t Percentage";
while(freadwrite.read((char*)&st, sizeof(st)))
{
st.showdata();
}
freadwrite.close();
getch();
}
(10) Show the implementation for the following
(a) Show the implementation of template class library for swap function.
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
template<class A>
void swap(A &a, A &b)
{
A t=a;
a=b;
b=t;
};
void main()
{
clrscr();
int n,m;
float f1,f2;
char c,d;
cout<<endl<<"Enter two integers: ";
cin>>n>>m;
cout<<endl<<"Enter two floats: ";
cin>>f1>>f2;
cout<<endl<<"Enter two characters: ";
cin>>c>>d;
cout<<endl<<"Integers before swapping\n";
cout<<"------------------------";
cout<<endl<<"N= "<<n<<"\tM= "<<m;
swap(n,m);
cout<<endl<<"\nIntegers after swapping\n";
cout<<"-----------------------";
cout<<endl<<"N= "<<n<<"\tM= "<<m;
cout<<endl<<"\nFloats before swapping\n";
cout<<"------------------------";
cout<<endl<<"F1= "<<f1<<"\tF2= "<<f2;
swap(f1,f2);
cout<<endl<<"\nFloats after swapping\n";
cout<<"------------------------";
cout<<endl<<"F1= "<<f1<<"\tF2= "<<f2;
cout<<endl<<"\nCharacters before swapping\n";
cout<<"--------------------------";
cout<<endl<<"C= "<<c<<"\tD= "<<d;
swap(c,d);
cout<<endl<<"\nCharacters after swapping\n";
cout<<"-------------------------";
cout<<endl<<"C= "<<c<<"\tD= "<<d;
getch();
}
b) Design the template class library for sorting ascending to descending and
vice-versa
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
template<class A>
void sort_asc(A *a, int n)
{
int i,j;
A t;
for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)
{
for(j=i+1;j<n;j++)
{
if(a[i]>a[j])
{
t=a[i];
a[i]=a[j];
a[j]=t;
}
}
}
};
void main()
{
clrscr();
int a[10],i;
float f[10];
char c[10];
cout<<endl<<"Enter 10 integers\n";
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
cin>>a[i];
cout<<endl<<"Enter 10 floats\n";
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
cin>>f[i];
cout<<endl<<"Enter 10 characters\n";
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
cin>>c[i];
cout<<endl<<"Integers before sorting\n";
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
cout<<a[i]<<"\t";
sort_asc(a,10);
cout<<endl<<"Integers after sorting\n";
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
cout<<a[i]<<"\t";
cout<<endl<<"Floats before sorting\n";
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
cout<<f[i]<<"\t";
sort_asc(f,10);
cout<<endl<<"Floats after sorting\n";
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
cout<<f[i]<<"\t";
cout<<endl<<"Characters before sorting\n";
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
cout<<c[i]<<"\t";
sort_asc(c,10);
cout<<endl<<"Characters after sorting\n";
for(i=0;i<10;i++)
cout<<c[i]<<"\t";
getch();
}
(c) Design the template class library for concatenating two strings
// string::operator+=
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
template<class A>
void str_cat(A &a, A &b)
{
a=a + " ";
a=a+ b;
};
void main ()
{
string name ("Sanjeela");
string Surname ("Sagar");
cout<<endl<<"First Name: "<<name;
cout<<endl<<"Surname: "<<Surname;
str_cat(name,Surname);
cout << endl<< "Full Name: "<<name;
}
