Human Journals
Research Article
May 2023 Vol.:27, Issue:2
© All rights are reserved by Vaishnavi Madewad et al.
Formulation and Evaluation of Anti-Acne Herbal Cream
Keywords: Aleo vera gel, Azadirachta indica, Tulsi, Herbal
cosmetics
ABSTRACT
Acne by definition is multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease of
Sarika Alhat, Vaishnavi Madewad* pilosebaceous units. Propionibacterium acnes and staphylococcus
epidermidis are considered as the major skin bacteria that cause the
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D Y formation of acne. Although acne does not pose serious threat to
general health, it is one of the most socially distressing conditions
Patil College of Pharmacy, Akurdi, Pune, especially for adolescents. In the present study, poly herbal anti acne
Maharashtra, India. cream was prepared using extracts of the plants Tulsi, aloe vera
along with base materials. The plants have been reported in the
literature having good anti- microbial, anti- oxidant and anti-
Submitted: 27 April 2023 inflammatory activity. Five formulations of the cream were prepared
by varying the proportions of polymers and evaluated for their
Accepted: 02 May 2023 physicochemical property like pH, spreadability, viscosity,
Published: 30 May 2023 homogeneity, appearance, after feel and spreadability like tests.
Among the 5 formulations the formulations 3 and 4 shows better
results in evaluation. The main objective is to prepare a cream with
natural herbal extracts and minimize the side effects of the chemical
cosmetics. Acne vulgaris is a common skin disorder which affects
containing the most extensive oil glands, including the face, back
and trunk. Propionibacterium acne, an anaerobic pathogen, plays an
important Part in the pathogenesis of acne. It has also participated in
the Production of inflammatory acne by its ability to activate
www.ijppr.humanjournals.com Antioxidants and metabolize sebaceous triglycerides into fatty acids,
which draw neutrophils chemotactically. Acne is one of the most
socially distressing skin disorders, particularly for teens, who have to
cope with a disfiguring disease that erupts just When sexual maturity
makes them maximum sensitive about their Appearance. Moreover,
permanent scarring of the skin due to severe Acne leads to social
distress throughout the entirely of adulthood. The modification and
progress of acne is due to abnormal keratinocyte Proliferation and
desquamation leading to ductal obstruction. Androgen driven sebum
production enhances proliferation of P. acne. Excessive production
of sebum block the pores and resulted in Inflammation. For many
years, the use of antibiotics has shown Against vulgaris.
Nevertheless, the prevalence of antibiotic resistance Within the
dermatological setting has been increased. The progress of Antibiotic
resistance is multi-factorial, including the specific nature of the
relationship of the bacteria to antibiotics, how the antibacterial is
Used, host characteristics and environmental factors]. To avoid the
problem of antibiotic resistance, researches on medicinal plants have
been done as alternative treatment for the disease.
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INTRODUCTION:
We have used three herbal ingredients in our preparation which are Aloe Vera gel, neem,
Tulsi. Aloe Vera gel is used as a moisturizer, to reduce pimples and acne and also used for
treatment of burn wounds. Neem is used as an antifungal and anti-inflammatory and it is also
used to reduce scar, pigmentation, redness and itching of the skin. Tulsi is used to add glow
to the skin and to promote wound healing and remove acne.
Cream is defined as semisolid which are oil in water (o/w) or water in oil (w/o) type and
these semisolid emulsions are Intended for the external application. Cream is classified as oil
in water and water in oil emulsion. It is applied on outer part or Superficial part of the skin
and its main ability is to remain for a longer period of time at the site of application. The
function of the Cream is to protect the skin against different environmental condition and
give soothing effect to skin and treat any infection as well As tan and acne.
There are different types of the creams like cleansing, cold, foundation, vanishing, massage,
hand and body cream. The main aim of our work is to develop herbal cream which can give
effect like reduce acne and skin irritation, wrinkles and also Adding glow to the skin. Acne is
a disturbing issue especially for teenagers and adolescence according to global statistics
approximately 85% of Population will suffer this skin issue at age around 12-25 years, nearly
8% adult at age 23-24 years old and only 3% of adult having Acne at age 35-44 years old.
Propionibacterium acne and staphylococcus aureus were responsible for acne since the
presence of This bacterium in the sample isolated from acne patient at the same time, the
increasing number of resistance of acne inducing bacteria Towards the antibiotic is a
worrisome problem. The interest of consumer towards the natural bioactive compound has a
functional Ingredient in the cosmetic product has arisen due to their various health beneficial
effect.
Beside their nutritional and sensorial Properties also their potential effect in improving skin
health has been recognized has acting as protective agent. Although, some skin issue can
categorized as self- limiting but it also can give negative psychosocial consequences to
individual by having low social withdrawal due to embarrassment and at the worst scenario
it can leads to suicidal ideation. We have used to herbal ingredient in our preparation which
are Aloe Vera extract and Tulsi extract. Aloe Vera is used as moisturizer and anti-acne. Also
used for treatment of burn wound. Aloe Vera is first active ingredient and Tulsi is second
active ingredient in it. And last one is neem.
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1. Cosmetological importance of aloe Vera:
It is used seen ancient times Healing infection and burns. However with the improvement
in cosmetology, it has been proved that Aloe vera is a very important component of
cosmetics. It contains almost 20 amino acids, minerals like calcium, magnesium and
sodium in sufficient quantities, enzymes, vitamins, polysaccharides, nitrogen and other
components that make it a miracle beauty herb.
Some of the most important applications of Aloe vera for purpose of Cosmetology are
being explained here briefly.
1) Itching and Blisters :
Aloe vera also provides relief from itching and also helps to treat blisters. Aloe contains
vitamin B1, B2, B6, B12 and vitamin C that provide soothing and pleasing sensation to skin.
2) Skin Aging:
Aloe vera initiates the synthesis of elastin as well as collagen. These proteins are essential
for preventing the aging of the skin.
3) Acne:
Aloe vera helps to eradicate acne scars by performing as an immune booster and an
anti-inflammatory agent. Beauty products composed of Aloe vera may diminish the
rigorousness of acne. It is also composed of the chemical ingredients which have the
property to save the skin to initiate the acne.
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4) Freshness:
Aloe vera impart the sensation freshness. It helps in increasing distribution of blood
therefore providing easier oxygen exchange among the cells, hence giving them
nourishment.
5) Sun-burns:
Aloe Vera has an outstanding possession in diminishing the hurting of sunburn. For
this purpose, it is rubbed directly on skin. The fresh fluid from the plant or Aloe vera
containing after-sun creams may be used for sun-burns.
6) Moisturizing Agent:
Aloe vera may also be used for softening and moisturizing the skin. There are so many
products available in the market containing Aloe vera which may be used post-showering
to obtain the skin in super soft shape. Aloe vera gel, cream or lotion applied on the face
forms a be injurious to the skin. Pigmentation Melanin is a pigment which is responsible for
the color of the human skin. Hyper pigmentation is a situation in which large amount of
melanin is synthesized. This generally happens due to excess exposure of the skin to the
sun. In reaction to UV rays in sunbeams, the skin cells called melanocytes initiate to
synthesize melanin. This increased synthesis of melanin is responsible for the emergence of
darkened patches on the skin. Aloe vera has the property of diminishing the pigmentation
and dark spots on the face.
Aloe vera containing creams are beneficial for skin eruptions. Aloe vera gels have been
proved to be the best remedy for burns and wounds. Actually, cellular regeneration, anti-
bacterial and anti-fungal activities of Aloe vera make it useful for skin eruption.
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2. Cosmetological importance of Tulsi:
He numerous skincare advantages of Basil leaf or Tulsi herb make it a great supplement to
any beauty routine. Here are some of the ways Tulsi can transform your skin.
Tulsi is a versatile plant with numerous benefits for the skin and whether you have dry,
sensitive, acne-prone or ageing skin, incorporating Tulsi into your skincare routine can help
transform your skin and give you a healthy, youthful glow. Hence, beauty and skincare
experts often suggest to go ahead and try Tulsi, from holy basil to the holy grail, for your
skin.
Basil leaves in beauty, skincare routine: 5 ways Tulsi can transform your skin.
Tulsi, also known as the Holy Basil, is a plant with a rich history of medicinal and spiritual
significance in Indian culture. It has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine to treat a
variety of ailments and it is also considered a sacred plant in Hinduism but did you know that
Tulsi can also revolutionize your skincare routine?
1. Anti-Ageing Properties
Tulsi is a plant that is rich in antioxidants, making it an excellent addition to any anti-ageing
skincare routine. Tulsi can aid in preventing skin damage from free radicals, which speed up
the ageing process. Its high antioxidant content also aids in the reduction of inflammation and
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redness, both of which contribute to the appearance of ageing. By using skincare products
with Tulsi extract or oil, you can harness its anti-aging properties to keep your skin looking
youthful and healthy.
2. Acne Treatment
The plant has natural anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties that make it an effective
treatment for acne. Due to its anti-bacterial characteristics, it can help eliminate the germs
that cause breakouts, which is what causes acne. In addition, it can help reduce inflammation
and unclog pores, which are also factors that contribute to acne. By incorporating skincare
products with Tulsi extract or oil into your routine, you can help clear up acne and prevent
future breakouts. Tulsi can be an effective weapon in your skincare toolbox, whether you
have moderate or severe acne.
3. Skin Brightening
Tulsi contains high levels of vitamin C, making it a natural skin-brightening ingredient. A
potent antioxidant, vitamin C lessens the appearance of dark spots and hyperpigmentation,
which helps to brighten and even out skin tone. Using skincare products with Tulsi extract or
oil can help bring radiance and a healthy glow to the skin. Additionally, its anti-inflammatory
properties can help reduce redness and irritation, which can contribute to a dull complexion.
If you’re looking to brighten your skin and achieve a more even complexion, incorporating
Tulsi into your skincare routine can be a great choice.
4. Moisturizing
Due to its inherent moisturizing qualities, Tulsi helps moisturize and soften the skin. It
contains essential oils that can provide deep nourishment to the skin, making it an excellent
ingredient to use in products for dry or dehydrated skin. By using skincare products with
Tulsi extract or oil, you can help restore moisture to your skin, leaving it feeling soft and
supple. Whether you’re looking to prevent dryness or just want to maintain healthy,
moisturized skin, Tulsi can be a great addition to your skincare routine.
5. Soothing
Tulsi has natural soothing properties that can help calm and relieve skin irritation. It contains
eugenol, a compound with anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties that can help soothe
and reduce skin redness and inflammation. Tulsi is also rich in antioxidants that can help
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protect the skin from environmental stressors, which can contribute to irritation and
sensitivity. By incorporating skincare products with Tulsi extract, you can help reduce skin
irritation and promote a healthy, calm complexion.
3. Cosmetological importance of neem leaves:
1. Promotes collagen production
Vitamin C is abundant in neem, which aids in the natural creation of collagen and infuses the
skin with antioxidants to reduce fine wrinkles.
2. Lighten Scars
Neem oil enters deeply into the skin and helps to lighten the scars. As a result, it minimises
the appearance of scars and spots by increasing collagen formation and enhancing skin
flexibility.
Acne, pimples and burns can be treated with neem paste. Neem paste also aids in the
treatment of scars.
3. Purifies the blood
Neem has been high in natural antioxidants because of its powerful blood purifier. It is also
known to help support important organs like the liver and kidneys, which help the body
eliminate waste and toxins.
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Neem aids in the reduction of toxin levels and the prevention of skin disorders such as acne,
eczema, and rash. Neem possesses the properties of Tikta (bitter) and Kashaya (astringent),
which make it a blood purifier to help with a variety of skin ailments.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Collection of plant material
Aloe Vera, Neem, Tulsi leaves were collected from the local botanical garden of DR. D Y
Patil college, Akurdi, Pune.
Excipients and herbal ingredients with their roles
Table 1: Role of ingredients
S. No Ingredients Roles
Anti-ageing, anti-inflammatory, moisturizer, reduce acne and
1. Aloe Vera gel
pimples.
2. Tulsi Antibacterial, adds glow to the face.
Promote wound healing, relieves skin dryness, itching and
3. Neem
redness.
Emulsifying agent, stabilizer and gives thickness to the
4. Bees wax
cream.
5. Liquid paraffin Lubricating agent
Alkaline agent which reacts with emulsifying agent to form
6. Borax
soap
7. Methyl paraben Preservative
8. Rose oil Fragrance
Extraction processes
1] Aloe Vera gel
Mature, healthy and fresh aloe Vera leaves were collected and washed with distilled water.
Then after proper drying of leaves in hot air oven, the outer part of the leaf was dissected
longitudinally using a sterile knife. Then the aloe Vera gel that is the colourless
parenchymatous tissue was removed using the sterile knife. Then it is filtered using muslin
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cloth to remove the fibres and impurities. Then the filtrate or the filter product which is a
clear aloe Vera gel was used in the preparation.
2] Extraction of neem leaves
Neem leaves were collected and washed with distilled water and dried in hot air oven. After
proper drying, leaves were powdered. Then 5g Neem leaves powder, 80 to 100 degree
Celsius. dimethyl sulfoxide was taken in a volumetric flask and shaken for 3 d on REMI
RSB-12 mechanical shaker. Then the solution was heated on a water bath at 80-100 ℃ and
concentrated up to 20 ml and then filtered using muslin cloth to remove impurities. Then the
filtrate or filter product obtained, which is a clear solution or clear extract of Neem leaves,
was used in the preparation.
3] Extraction of tulsi leaves
Tulsi leaves were collected and washed with distilled water and dried in hot air oven. Then
after proper drying, the leaves were powdered. Then 1g Tulsi leaf powder+10 ml dimethyl
sulfoxide was taken in a volumetric flask and then shaken for 3 d on REMI RSB-12
mechanical shaker. Then the solution was heated on water bath at 80 to 100 degree Celsius.
for few minutes and then concentrated up to 5 ml and filtered using a muslin cloth to remove
impurities. Then the filtrate or the filter product in which a clear solution or clear extract of
Tulsi leaves was used in the preparation.
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Formulation of cream
Heat liquid paraffin and beeswax in a borosilicate glass beaker at 75 ℃ and maintain that
heating temperature.(Oil phase).
In another beaker, dissolve borax, methylparaben undistilled water and heat this beaker to 75
℃ to dissolve borax and methylparaben and to get a clear solution. (Aqueous phase).
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Then slowly add this aqueous phase to heated oily phase.
Then add a measured amount of aloe Vera gel, Neem extract, and Tulsi extract and stir
vigorously until it forms a smooth cream.
Then add few drops of rose oil as a fragrance.
Put this cream on the slab and add few drops of distilled water if necessary and mix the
cream in a geometric manner on the slab to give a smooth texture to the cream and to mix all
the ingredients properly.
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This method is called as slab technique or extemporaneous method of preparation of cream.
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Fig. 3: Cream formulations
Batches of cream formulation:
Formulation Formulation Formulation
S. No. Ingredients
F1H F2H F3H
1. Aloe Vera gel 1.5 ml 1 ml 1 ml
2. Neem extract 0.5 ml 0.2 ml 0.4 ml
3. Tulsi extract 1.5 ml 1 ml 1 ml
4. Beeswax 3g 3.5 g 3.2 g
5. Liquid paraffin 10 ml 15 ml 12 ml
6. Borax 0.2 g 0.4 g 0.3 g
7. Methylparaben 0.02 g 0.04 g 0.03 g
8. Distilled Water Q. S Q. S Q. S
9. Rose oil Q. S Q. S Q. S
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Evaluation of cream:
Physical evaluation:
In this test, the cream was observed for colour, odour, texture, state (table 2)
Irritancy:
Mark the area (1 cm2) on the left-hand dorsal surface. Then the cream was applied to that area
and the time was noted. Then it is checked for irritancy, erythema, and endemic any for an
interval up to 24 h and reported (table 3).
Wash ability
A small amount of cream was applied on the hand and it is then washed with tap water.
pH
0.5 g cream was taken and dispersed in 50 ml distilled water and then PH was measured by
using digital PH meter.
Viscosity
Viscosity of cream was done by using Brooke field viscometer at a temperature of 25 ℃
using spindle No. 63 at 2.5 RPM.
Phase separation
Prepared cream was kept in a closed container at a temperature of 25-100 ℃ away from
light. Then phase separation was checked for 24 h for 30 d. Any change in the phase
separation was observed/checked.
Spread ability
The spread ability was expressed in terms of time in seconds taken by two slides to slip off
from the cream, placed in between the slides, under certain load. Lesser the time taken for
separation of the two slides better the spread ability. Two sets of glass slides of standard
dimension were taken. Then one slide of suitable dimension was taken and the cream
formulation was placed on that slide. Then other slide was placed on the top of the
formulation. Then a weight or certain load was placed on the upper slide so that the cream
between the two slides was pressed uniformly to form a thin layer. Then the weight was
removed and excess of formulation adhering to the slides was scrapped off. The upper slide
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was allowed to slip off freely by the force of weight tied to it. The time taken by the upper
slide to slip off was noted. (table 8)
Spread ability= m × l/t
Where,
m= Standard weight which is tied to or placed over the upper slide (30g)
l= length of a glass slide (5 cm)
t= time taken in seconds.
Greasiness
Here the cream was applied on the skin surface in the form of smear and checked if the smear
was oily or grease-like.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Evaluation results of all the 3 formulations are gives below.
Physical evaluation
In this test color, odor, texture and state of the three formulations were checked.
Irritancy
Mark the area (1 cm2) on left hand dorsal surface. Then the cream was applied to that area
and the time was noted. Then it is checked for irritancy, erythema, and edema if any for an
interval up to 24 h and reported. According to the results all the three formulations that is
F1H, F2H and F3H showed no sign of irritancy, erythema and edema.
Table 2: In this test color, odor, texture and state of the three formulations was checked
Formulation Formulation Formulation
S. No. Parameters
F1H F2H F3H
1. Color Pale white Pale white Pale white
2. Odor Pleasant Pleasant Pleasant
3. Texture Smooth Smooth Smooth
4. State Semisolid Semisolid Semisolid
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Table 3: Irritancy study observations
S.NO. Formulation Irritant effect Erythema Edema
1. F1H Nil Nil Nil
2. F2H Nil Nil Nil
3. F3H Nil Nil Nil
Washability
Washability test was carried out by applying a small amount of cream on the hand and then
washing it with tap water. All three formulations were easily washable.
pH
According to the results, the PH of all the three formulations that is F1H, F2H and F3H were
found to be nearer to skin PH so it can be safely used on the skin.
Table 4: Washability observations
S. No. Formulation Washability
1. F1H Easily Washable
2. F2H Easily Washable
3. F3H Easily Washable
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Table 5: pH observation table
S. No. Formulation PH
1. F1H 6.7
2. F2H 6.2
3. F3H 6.6
Viscosity
Viscosity of cream was done by using Brooke field viscometer at a temperature of 25 ℃
using spindle No. 63 at 2.5 RPM. According to the results all the three formulations showed
adequate viscosity.
Phase separation
Prepared cream was kept in a closed container at a temperature of 25-100 ℃ away from
light. Then phase separation was checked for 24 h for 30 d. Any change in the phase
separation was observed/checked. According to the results no phase separation was observed
in all the three formulations.
Spreadability
The spread ability of the three formulations that is F1H, F2H, and F3H was carried out and
out of that for F2H the time taken by the 2 slides to separate is less so as said in the
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description of evaluation test lesser the time taken for separation of the two slides better the
spreadability so according to this statement F2H showed better spreadability.
Greasiness
Here the cream was applied on the skin surface in the form of smear and checked if the smear
was oily or grease-like. According to the results, we can say that all three formulations were
non-greasy.
Table 6: Viscosity observation table
S. No. Formulation Viscosity(Cps)
1. F1H 21020
2. F2H 11810
3. F3H 18820
Table 7: Phase separation observation table
S. No. Formulation Phase separation
1. F1H No phase separation
2. F2H No phase separation
3. F3H No phase separation
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Table 8: Spreadability observation table
Spread ability
S. No. Formulation Time(sec)
(g×cm/sec)
1. F1H 10 22.8
2. F2H 7 32.4
3. F3H 15 15.18
Table 9: Greasiness observation table
S. No. Formulation Greasiness
1. F1H Non-greasy
2. F2H Non-greasy
3. F3H Non-greasy
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