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Comprehensive Ophthalmology 4th Edition A. K.
Khurana Digital Instant Download
Author(s): A. K. Khurana
ISBN(s): 9788122424805, 1905740786
Edition: 4th
File Details: PDF, 17.99 MB
Year: 2007
Language: english
Comprehensive

OPHTHALMOLOGY
 This page
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Comprehensive

OPHTHALMOLOGY Fourth Edition

A K Khurana
Professor,
Regional Institute of Ophthalmology,
Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences,
Rohtak- 124001, India

NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P) LIMITED, PUBLISHERS

New Delhi • Bangalore • Chennai • Cochin • Guwahati • Hyderabad
Jalandhar • Kolkata • Lucknow • Mumbai • Ranchi
Visit us at www.newagepublishers.com
Copyright © 2007, 2003, 1996, A K Khurana
Published by New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers

All rights reserved.

No part of this ebook may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm,
xerography, or any other means, or incorporated into any information retrieval
system, electronic or mechanical, without the written permission of the publisher.
All inquiries should be emailed to [email protected]

ISBN (13) : 978-81-224-2480-5

PUBLISHING FOR ONE WORLD

NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P) LIMITED, PUBLISHERS
4835/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi - 110002
Visit us at www.newagepublishers.com
 Dedicated
To my parents and teachers for their blessings
To my students for their encouragement
To my children, Aruj and Arushi, for their patience
To my wife, Dr. Indu, for her understanding
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 (vii)

P R EPREFACE
FACE
Fourth edition of the book has been thoroughly revised, updated, and published in an attractive
colour format. This endeavour has enhanced the lucidity of the figures and overall aesthetics of the
book.
The fast-developing advances in the field of medical sciences and technology has beset the present-
day medical students with voluminous university curriculae. Keeping in view the need of the students
for a ready-made material for their practical examinations and various postgraduate entrance tests,
the book has been expanded into two sections and is accompanied with ‘Review of Ophthalmology’
as a pocket companion, and converted into a comprehensive book.
Section 1: Anatomy, Physiology and Diseases of the Eye. This part of the book includes 20
chapters, 1 each on Anatomy and Physiology of Eye and rest 18 on diseases of the different structures
of the eye.
Section II: Practical Ophthalmology. This section includes chapter on ‘Clinical Methods in
Ophthalmology’ and different other aspects essential to the practical examinations viz. Clinical
Ophthalmic Cases, Darkroom Procedures, and Ophthalmic Instruments.
Review of Ophthalmology: Quick Text Review and Multiple-Choice Questions. This pocket
companion provides an indepth revision of the subject at a glance and an opportunity of self-assessment,
and thus makes it the book of choice for preparing for the various postgraduate entrance examinations.
Salient Features of the Book

Each chapter begins with a brief overview highlighting the topics covered followed by relevant
applied anatomy and physiology. The text is then organized in such a way that the students
can easily understand, retain and reproduce it. Various levels of headings, subheadings, bold
face and italics given in the text will be helpful in a quick revision of the subject.

Text is complete and up-to-date with recent advances such as refractive surgery, manual small
incision cataract surgery (SICS), phacoemulsification, newer diagnostic techniques as well as
newer therapeutics.

To be true, some part of the text is in more detail than the requirement of undergraduate
students. But this very feature of the book makes it a useful handbook for the postgraduate
students.

The text is illustrated with plenty of diagrams. The illustrations mostly include clinical
photographs and clear-line diagrams providing vivid and lucid details.

Operative steps of the important surgical techniques have been given in the relevant chapters.

Wherever possible important information has been given in the form of tables and flowcharts.

An attraction of this edition of the book is a very useful addition of the ‘Practical
Ophthalmology’ section to help the students to prepare for the practical examinations.
 (viii)

It would have not been possible for this book to be in its present form without the generous help
of many well wishers and stalwarts in their fields. Surely, I owe sincere thanks to them all. Those
who need special mention are Prof. Inderbir Singh, Ex-HOD, Anatomy, PGIMS, Rohtak, Prof.
R.C. Nagpal, HIMS, Dehradun, Prof. S. Soodan from Jammu, Prof. B. Ghosh, Chief GNEC, New
Delhi, Prof. P.S. Sandhu, GGS Medical College, Faridkot, Prof. S.S. Shergil, GMC, Amritsar, Prof.
R.K. Grewal and Prof. G.S. Bajwa, DMC Ludhiana, Prof. R.N. Bhatnagar, GMC, Patiala, Prof.
V.P. Gupta, UCMS, New Delhi, Prof. K.P. Chaudhary, GMC, Shimla, Prof. S. Sood, GMC,
Chandigarh, Prof. S. Ghosh, Prof. R.V. Azad and Prof. R.B. Vajpayee from Dr. R.P. Centre for
Opthalmic Sciences, New Delhi, and Prof. Anil Chauhan, GMC, Tanda.
I am deeply indebted to Prof. S.P. Garg. Prof. Atul Kumar, Prof. J.S. Tityal, Dr. Mahipal S.
Sachdev, Dr. Ashish Bansal, Dr. T.P. Dass, Dr. A.K. Mandal, Dr. B. Rajeev and Dr. Neeraj
Sanduja for providing the colour photographs.

I am grateful to Prof. C.S. Dhull, Chief and all other faculty members of Regional Institute of
Opthalmology (RIO), PGIMS, Rohtak namely Prof. S.V. Singh, Dr. J.P. Chugh, Dr. R.S. Chauhan,
Dr. Manisha Rathi, Dr. Neebha Anand, Dr. Manisha Nada, Dr. Ashok Rathi, Dr. Urmil Chawla
and Dr. Sumit Sachdeva for their kind co-operation and suggestions rendered by them from time
to time. The help received from all the resident doctors including Dr. Shikha, Dr. Vivek Sharma
and Dr. Nidhi Gupta is duly acknowledged. Dr. Saurabh and Dr. Ashima deserve special thanks
for their artistic touch which I feel has considerably enhanced the presentation of the book. My
sincere thanks are also due to Prof. S.S. Sangwan, Director, PGIMS, Rohtak for providing a working
atmosphere. Of incalculable assistance to me has been my wife Dr. Indu Khurana, Assoc. Prof.
in Physiology, PGIMS, Rohtak. The enthusiastic co-operation received from Mr. Saumya Gupta,
and Mr. R.K. Gupta, Managing Directors, New Age International Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi
needs special acknowledgement.

Sincere efforts have been made to verify the correctness of the text. However, in spite of best
efforts, ventures of this kind are not likely to be free from human errors, some inaccuracies,
ambiguities and typographic mistakes. Therefore, all the users are requested to send their feedback
and suggestions. The importance of such views in improving the future editions of the book cannot
be overemphasized. Feedbacks received shall be highly appreciated and duly acknowledged.

Rohtak A K Khurana
 (ix)

CONTENTS
CONTENTS
Preface ............................................................................................................................................ vii

SECTION I: ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND DISEASES OF THE EYE

1. Anatomy and Development of the Eye ............................................................................... 3
2. Physiology of Eye and Vision ............................................................................................ 13
3. Optics and Refraction ......................................................................................................... 19
4. Diseases of the Conjunctiva ............................................................................................... 51
5. Diseases of the Cornea ...................................................................................................... 89
6. Diseases of the Sclera ...................................................................................................... 127
7. Diseases of the Uveal Tract ............................................................................................ 133
8. Diseases of the Lens ........................................................................................................ 167
9. Glaucoma ........................................................................................................................... 205
10. Diseases of the Vitreous ................................................................................................... 243
11. Diseases of the Retina ...................................................................................................... 249
12. Neuro-ophthalmology ........................................................................................................ 287
13. Strabismus and Nystagmus .............................................................................................. 313
14. Diseases of the Eyelids .................................................................................................... 339
15. Diseases of the Lacrimal Apparatus ................................................................................ 363
16. Diseases of the Orbit ....................................................................................................... 377
17. Ocular Injuries .................................................................................................................. 401
18. Ocular Therapeutics, Lasers and Cryotherapy in Ophthalmology ................................ 417
19. Systemic Ophthalmology .................................................................................................. 433
20. Community Ophthalmology .............................................................................................. 443

SECTION II: PRACTICAL OPHTHALMOLOGY

21. Clinical Methods in Ophthalmology ................................................................................. 461
22. Clinical Ophthalmic Cases ................................................................................................ 499
23. Darkroom Procedures ....................................................................................................... 543
24. Ophthalmic Instruments and Operative Ophthalmology................................................. 571

Index ........................................................................................................................................... 593

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Section-I
ANATOMY,
PHYSIOLOGY
AND
DISEASES
OF THE EYE
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 1
Anatomy and
CHAPTER
1 Development
of the Eye
ANATOMY OF THE EYE z Formation of lens vesicle
z The eyeball z Formation of optic cup
z Visual pathway z Changes in the associated mesoderm
z Orbit, extraocular muscles and z Development of various ocular
appendages of the eye structures
z Structures derived from the embryonic
DEVELOPMENT OF THE EYE layers
z Formation of optic vesicle and z Important milestones in the development
optic stalk of the eye

Coats of the eyeball

ANATOMY OF THE EYE
The eyeball comprises three coats: outer (fibrous
This chapter gives only a brief account of the anatomy coat), middle (vascular coat) and inner (nervous coat).
of eyeball and its related structures. The detailed 1. Fibrous coat. It is a dense strong wall which
anatomy of different structures is described in the protects the intraocular contents. Anterior 1/6th of
relevant chapters. this fibrous coat is transparent and is called cornea.
Posterior 5/6th opaque part is called sclera. Cornea is
THE EYEBALL set into sclera like a watch glass. Junction of the
Each eyeball (Fig. 1.1) is a cystic structure kept cornea and sclera is called limbus. Conjunctiva is
distended by the pressure inside it. Although, firmly attached at the limbus.
generally referred to as a globe, the eyeball is not a 2. Vascular coat (uveal tissue). It supplies nutrition
sphere but an ablate spheroid. The central point on to the various structures of the eyeball. It consists of
the maximal convexities of the anterior and posterior three parts which from anterior to posterior are : iris,
curvatures of the eyeball is called the anterior and ciliary body and choroid.
posterior pole, respectively. The equator of the
eyeball lies at the mid plane between the two poles 3. Nervous coat (retina). It is concerned with visual
(Fig.1.2). functions.

Dimensions of an adult eyeball Segments and chambers of the eyeball

The eyeball can be divided into two segments:
Anteroposterior diameter 24 mm
anterior and posterior.
Horizontal diameter 23.5 mm
Vertical diameter 23 mm 1. Anterior segment. It includes crystalline lens
(which is suspended from the ciliary body by zonules),
Circumference 75 mm
and structures anterior to it, viz., iris, cornea and two
Volume 6.5 ml aqueous humour-filled spaces : anterior and posterior
Weight 7 gm chambers.
4 Comprehensive OPHTHALMOLOGY

Fig. 1.1. Gross anatomy of the eyeball.

z Anterior chamber. It is bounded anteriorly by z Posterior chamber. It is a triangular space

the back of cornea, and posteriorly by the iris containing 0.06 ml of aqueous humour. It is
and part of ciliary body. The anterior chamber is bounded anteriorly by the posterior surface of
about 2.5 mm deep in the centre in normal adults. iris and part of ciliary body, posteriorly by the
It is shallower in hypermetropes and deeper in crystalline lens and its zonules, and laterally by
myopes, but is almost equal in the two eyes of the ciliary body.
the same individual. It contains about 0.25 ml of 2. Posterior segment. It includes the structures
the aqueous humour. posterior to lens, viz., vitreous humour (a gel like
material which fills the space behind the lens), retina,
choroid and optic disc.

VISUAL PATHWAY
Each eyeball acts as a camera; it perceives the images
and relays the sensations to the brain (occipital
cortex) via visual pathway which comprises optic
nerves, optic chiasma, optic tracts, geniculate bodies
and optic radiations (Fig. 1.3).

ORBIT, EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES AND

APPENDAGES OF THE EYE (FIG. 1.4)
Each eyeball is suspended by extraocular muscles
Fig. 1.2. Poles and equators of the eyeball. and fascial sheaths in a quadrilateral pyramid-shaped
 ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE EYE 5

bony cavity called orbit (Fig. 1.4). Each eyeball is z Visceral mesoderm of maxillary process.
located in the anterior orbit, nearer to the roof and Before going into the development of individual
lateral wall than to the floor and medial wall. Each eye structures, it will be helpful to understand the
is protected anteriorly by two shutters called the formation of optic vesicle, lens placode, optic cup
eyelids. The anterior part of the sclera and posterior and changes in the surrounding mesenchyme, which
surface of lids are lined by a thin membrane called play a major role in the development of the eye and
conjunctiva. For smooth functioning, the cornea and its related structures.
conjunctiva are to be kept moist by tears which are
produced by lacrimal gland and drained by the lacrimal
passages. These structures (eyelids, eyebrows,
conjunctiva and lacrimal apparatus) are collectively
called ‘the appendages of the eye’.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE EYE

The development of eyeball can be considered to
commence around day 22 when the embryo has eight
pairs of somites and is around 2 mm in length. The
eyeball and its related structures are derived from the
following primordia:
z Optic vesicle,an outgrowth from prosencephalon

(a neuroectodermal structure),
z Lens placode, a specialised area of surface

ectoderm, and the surrounding surface ectoderm,

z Mesenchyme surrounding the optic vesicle, and Fig. 1.3. Gross anatomy of the visual pathway.

Fig. 1.4. Section of the orbital cavity to demonstrate eyeball and its accessory structures.
6 Comprehensive OPHTHALMOLOGY

FORMATION OF OPTIC VESICLE

AND OPTIC STALK
The area of neural plate (Fig. 1.5A) which forms the
prosencepholon develops a linear thickened area on
either side (Fig. 1.5B), which soon becomes depressed
to form the optic sulcus (Fig. 1.5C). Meanwhile the
neural plate gets converted into prosencephalic
vesicle. As the optic sulcus deepens, the walls of the
prosencepholon overlying the sulcus bulge out to
form the optic vesicle (Figs. 1.5D, E&F). The proximal
part of the optic vesicle becomes constricted and
elongated to form the optic stalk (Figs. 1.5G&H).

FORMATION OF LENS VESICLE

The optic vesicle grows laterally and comes in contact
with the surface ectoderm. The surface ectoderm,
overlying the optic vesicle becomes thickened to form
the lens placode (Fig. 1.6A) which sinks below the
surface and is converted into the lens vesicle (Figs.
1.6 B&C). It is soon separated from the surface
ectoderm at 33rd day of gestation (Fig. 1.6D).

FORMATION OF OPTIC CUP

The optic vesicle is converted into a double-layered
optic cup. It appears from Fig. 1.6 that this has
happened because the developing lens has
invaginated itself into the optic vesicle. In fact
conversion of the optic vesicle to the optic cup is
due to differential growth of the walls of the vesicle.
The margins of optic cup grow over the upper and
lateral sides of the lens to enclose it. However, such a
growth does not take place over the inferior part of
the lens, and therefore, the walls of the cup show
deficiency in this part. This deficiency extends to Fig. 1.5. Formation of the optic vesicle and optic stalk.

Fig. 1.6. Formation of lens vesicle and optic cup.

 ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE EYE 7

some distance along the inferior surface of the optic In the posterior part of optic cup the surrounding
stalk and is called the choroidal or fetal fissure fibrous mesenchyme forms sclera and extraocular
(Fig. 1.7). muscles, while the vascular layer forms the choroid
and ciliary body.

DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS
OCULAR STRUCTURES

Retina
Retina is developed from the two walls of the optic
cup, namely: (a) nervous retina from the inner wall,
and (b) pigment epithelium from the outer wall
(Fig. 1.10).
(a) Nervous retina. The inner wall of the optic cup is
a single-layered epithelium. It divides into several
layers of cells which differentiate into the following
three layers (as also occurs in neural tube):

Fig. 1.7. Optic cup and stalk seen from below to show

CHANGES IN THE ASSOCIATED MESENCHYME

The developing neural tube (from which central
nervous system develops) is surrounded by
mesenchyme, which subsequently condenses to form
meninges. An extension of this mesenchyme also
covers the optic vesicle. Later, this mesenchyme
differentiates to form a superficial fibrous layer
(corresponding to dura) and a deeper vascular layer Fig. 1.8. Developing optic cup surrounded by mesenchyme.
(corresponding to pia-arachnoid) (Fig. 1.8).
With the formation of optic cup, part of the inner
vascular layer of mesenchyme is carried into the cup
through the choroidal fissure. With the closure of
this fissure, the portion of mesenchyme which has
made its way into the eye is cut off from the
surrounding mesenchyme and gives rise to the hyaloid
system of the vessels (Fig. 1.9).
The fibrous layer of mesenchyme surrounding the
anterior part of optic cup forms the cornea. The
corresponding vascular layer of mesenchyme
becomes the iridopupillary membrane, which in the
peripheral region attaches to the anterior part of the
optic cup to form the iris. The central part of this
lamina is pupillary membrane which also forms the
tunica vasculosa lentis (Fig. 1.9). Fig. 1.9. Derivation of various structures of the eyeball.
8 Comprehensive OPHTHALMOLOGY

Crystalline lens
The crystalline lens is developed from the surface
ectoderm as below :
Lens placode and lens vesicle formation (see page
5, 6 and Fig. 1.6 .
Primary lens fibres. The cells of posterior wall of
lens vesicle elongate rapidly to form the primary lens
fibres which obliterate the cavity of lens vesicle. The
primary lens fibres are formed upto 3rd month of
gestation and are preserved as the compact core of
lens, known as embryonic nucleus (Fig. 1.11).
Fig. 1.10. Development of the retina. Secondary lens fibres are formed from equatorial cells
of anterior epithelium which remain active through
z Matrix cell layer. Cells of this layer form the rods
out life. Since the secondary lens fibres are laid down
and cones.
concentrically, the lens on section has a laminated
z Mantle layer. Cells of this layer form the
appearance. Depending upon the period of
bipolar cells, ganglion cells, other neurons of
development, the secondary lens fibres are named as
retina and the supporting tissue.
below :
z Marginal layer. This layer forms the ganglion
z Fetal nucleus (3rd to 8th month),
cells, axons of which form the nerve fibre
z Infantile nucleus (last weeks of fetal life to
layer. puberty),
(b) Outer pigment epithelial layer. Cells of the outer z Adult nucleus (after puberty), and
wall of the optic cup become pigmented. Its posterior z Cortex (superficial lens fibres of adult lens)
part forms the pigmented epithelium of retina and the Lens capsule is a true basement membrane produced
anterior part continues forward in ciliary body and by the lens epithelium on its external aspect.
iris as their anterior pigmented epithelium.
Cornea (Fig. 1.9)
Optic nerve 1. Epithelium is formed from the surface ectoderm.
It develops in the framework of optic stalk as 2. Other layers viz. endothelium, Descemet's
below: membrane, stroma and Bowman's layer are derived
from the fibrous layer of mesenchyme lying anterior
z Fibres from the nerve fibre layer of retina grow
to the optic cup (Fig. 1.9).
into optic stalk by passing through the choroidal
fissure and form the optic nerve fibres. Sclera
z The neuroectodermal cells forming the walls of Sclera is developed from the fibrous layer of
optic stalk develop into glial system of the nerve. mesenchyme surrounding the optic cup (corres-
z The fibrous septa of the optic nerve are ponding to dura of CNS) (Fig. 1.9).
developed from the vascular layer of mesenchyme
Choroid
which invades the nerve at 3rd fetal month.
It is derived from the inner vascular layer of
z Sheaths of optic nerve are formed from the layers
mesenchyme that surrounds the optic cup (Fig. 1.9).
of mesenchyme like meninges of other parts of
central nervous system. Ciliary body
z Myelination of nerve fibres takes place from z The two layers of epithelium of ciliary body
brain distally and reaches the lamina cribrosa just develop from the anterior part of the two layers
before birth and stops there. In some cases, this of optic cup (neuroectodermal).
extends up to around the optic disc and presents z Stroma of ciliary body, ciliary muscle and blood
as congenital opaque nerve fibres. These develop vessels are developed from the vascular layer of
after birth. mesenchyme surrounding the optic cup (Fig. 1.9).
 ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE EYE 9

Vitreous
1. Primary or primitive vitreous is mesenchymal in
origin and is a vascular structure having the
hyaloid system of vessels.
2. Secondary or definitive or vitreous proper is
secreted by neuroectoderm of optic cup. This is
an avascular structure. When this vitreous fills
the cavity, primitive vitreous with hyaloid vessels
is pushed anteriorly and ultimately disappears.
3. Tertiary vitreous is developed from neuro-
ectoderm in the ciliary region and is represented
by the ciliary zonules.
Eyelids
Eyelids are formed by reduplication of surface
ectoderm above and below the cornea (Fig. 1.12). The
folds enlarge and their margins meet and fuse with
each other. The lids cut off a space called the
conjunctival sac. The folds thus formed contain some
mesoderm which would form the muscles of the lid
and the tarsal plate. The lids separate after the seventh
month of intra-uterine life.

Fig. 1.11. Development of the crystalline lens.

Iris
z Both layers of epithelium are derived from
the marginal region of optic cup (neuro-
ectodermal) (Fig. 1.9).
z Sphincter and dilator pupillae muscles are
derived from the anterior epithelium (neuro-
ectodermal).
z Stroma and blood vessels of the iris develop
from the vascular mesenchyme present anterior Fig. 1.12. Development of the eyelids, conjunctiva and
to the optic cup. lacrimal gland.
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 BROOMLEY TOWNSHIP. l6l Lanchester, and died leaving a
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death of his first wife, married Anne Elizabeth Fisher of
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still stands and forms a good example of old-fashioned
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furnace, discovered and excavated in 1884 by Mr. Richardson. It
appears to have had an internal diameter at its widest part of from
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Ironstone is marked on the geological ordnance survey as occurring
in the hills within two miles to the south of the furnace, and the
water of the burn probably ' CJ. Memorial inscriptions of Surtees of
Cronywell at Ebcliester. Surtees Durham, vol. ii. p. 301. ■■ Mr. Henry
Smales also owned Bickerton in Coquetdale. He was residing at
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particularly described as at Wheelbirks. Poll Books. ' For pedigree,
see Boyce, The Richiirdsoiis of CUvcland, appendix. ' All the above
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Vol. VI. 21
 l62 THE PARISH OF HYWEI.I. ST. PETER. furnished the
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stone, and no bricks were found. The calcined stones, which had
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which it was usual to rest at a small inn at Leadhill. In a field
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on the west, and Eltringham on the east. Up to the time of the
suppression of the chantries, the tithes of Merisheles provided part
of the endowment of the chantry of St. John Baptist in Bywell St.
Peter's church. In consideration of a competent sum of money, they
were granted to Sir Thomas Gargrave and William Adam, jun., by
letters patent, dated iith April, 1549.^ In 1598 Merryshields
belonged to Gilbert Newton, who was probably a member of the
family of Newton of' Stocksfield.' Under the name of Mirre Sheells it
was assessed to Robert Newton in 1663, at the abnormally large
rental of ;^36.* It apparently passed through the hands of the
Fenwicks of Bywell," before it was acquired by Edward Surtees of '
John Surtees of Wylam March voted for Kipperlin in 1774. Poll Book.
^ Portions of the old house at Merryshields are still extant ; the main
building is said to have been destroyed by fire. ^ Pat. Rolls, 3 Edw.
VI. pt. i. ' E.xchcquer Depositions ; Easter Term, 41 Eliz. No. 34. ^
Book 0/ Rates ; Hodgson, NorthuDihcvland, pt. iii. vol. i. p. 287. "
The place seems to have been occupied by members of the
EUrington or Eltringham family. 1726/7, February 13th: Will of
William Eltringham of Mary-shields, yeoman: half of my goods to my
wife Ann, my sons Thomas and William, and my daughter Mary ; the
other half to my daughters .'\nn and Isabel : my wife and my son
John, executors ; my loving friends Stephen Eltringham of the Hall-
yards, yeoman, Richard Lumley and Gilbert Browell of Mickley,
overseers. Duvham Probate Registry.
 BROOMLEY TOWNSHIP. I 63 Mainsforth. The latter died in
1747, having previously given Merryshields to his third son, Crosier
Surtees, by his first wife, who voted at the election of knights of the
shire, in 1734, in respect of lands there. He married Jane, daughter
of Ralph Hodgson of Alwent, by whom, with other issue, he^ had a
posthumous son, Crosier Surtees,^ who was admitted free of the
Merchants Company, Newcastle, on the 6th May, 1771.^ He
obtained the estate of Redworth, county Durham, by his marriage
with his cousin Jane, daughter and co-heiress of Robert Surtees of
that place.* It now belongs' to Mr. Walter Ridley, who is also
proprietor of the adjoining estate of Birches-nook. Birches-nook in
1673 was the abode of Anne Armstrong, the notorious witch finder.
A full account of the great Northumbrian case of witchcraft, which, in
the words of Mr. James Raine, will almost rival the exploits of Mother
Demdyke and her crew, may be found in the Depositions from York
Castle. Anne Armstrong accused Anne, wife of Thomas Baites of
Morpeth, tanner, of frequenting witches' meetings at Riding-bridge-
end and at other places where she danced with the devil, turned
herself into the shape of a cat, a hare, a greyhound, and a bee, '
letting the divell see how many shapes she could turn herself into ; '
it is also stated that she rode upon wooden dishes and egg shells '
both in the Rideinghouse and in the close adjoyninge.' Anne Forster
of Stocksfield, Anne Dryden of Prudhoe, and Lucy Thompson of
Mickley and others had been seen by Armstrong at the Rideing-
house with ' theire protector which thev call'd their god, sitting, at
the head of the table in a gold chaire, as she thought ; and a rope
hanging over the roome which every one touch'd three several times
and what ever was desired was sett upon the table, of several kindes
of meate and drinke, and when they had eaten, she that was last
drew the table and kept the reversions.' Anne Forster ' did swing
upon the rope, and upon the first swing she gott a cheese, and upon
the second she gott a beatment of wheat flower, and upon the third
swing she gott about halfe a quarter of butter to knead the said
flower withal, they haveinge noe power to gett water.' Anne Dryden '
did swing thrice, and att the first swing she gott a pound of
curraines to ' Crazier Surtees was buried at Stamfordham, 26th
September, 1739. Stamjordham Register. - 1774, Crosier Surtees of
Heighington, county Durham, voted for Merryshields. Poll Book. '
Newcastle Merchant Adventurers, Dendy, vol. ii. p. 366. Surt. Soc.
No. loi. ' For pedigree, see Surtees Durham, vol. iii. p. 311. Robert
Edward Surtees of Redworth voted for Merryshields at the elections
of knights of the shire in 1826 and 1S32.
 164 THE PARISH OF HYWEI.I, ST. PETER. putt in the flower
for bread, and att the second swing she gott a qnarter of mutton to
sett before their protector, and at the third swing she gott a bottle of
sacke.' Margaret, wife of Michael Aynsley of the Riding, 'did swing,
and she gott a flackett of ale containing, as she thought, about three
quarts, a kening of wheat flower for pyes, and a peice of biefe.''
Such were the gross and material stories laid before the justices, but
Mr. Raine, in the volume referred to, states, ' I am happy to say that
in no instance have I discovered the record of the conviction of a
reputed witch ; all honour to the Northern juries for discrediting
these absurd tales.' ' They were certainly uniformly acquitted at the
assizes, but no judge, or jury, or minister, could make the people
generally believe that they were innocent ; the superstition was too
deeply rooted to be easily eradicated.' " APPERLEY TOWNSHIP. The
small township of Apperley has an area of 428 acres, comprised in
one compact estate. In 1891 the population was 25.' A little to the
north of the homestead, which occupies an elevated position over
600 feet above sea-level, is a spring of water which, in its name, the
Tansy-garth well, retains an old world flavour.* There is another
place of the same name in the sister barony of Bolbec, situated
amongst the Newbigin moors near the Devil's Water, but of neither
place is there much known. About the vear 1262, Robert de West
Heddon held Heddon and Appeltreley of the lord of Bywell, by the
service of a third part of a knight's fee.° In 1283, on December 19th,
a commission of oyer and terminer was issued to William de
Brumpton and John de Haulton, to hear the complaint of John, son
of Roger, a burgess of Newcastle, against Peter, son of Gerard del
Hogh and Thomas de Shotlegh, who were charged with breaking
into his park of Apeltrelegh in Bywell by night, and felling and
carrying away his timber." ' Depoiitions from York Castle, Raine, pp.
191-201. Surt. Soc. No. 40. - Ibiii. preface, p. xxx. ' The Census
Returns are: 1801, . . ; 1811, . . ; 1821, . . ; 1831, 23; 1841, 34;
1851, 38; 1861, 20 ; 1871, 6 ; 1881, 19 ; 1891, 25. The census
return for 1901 is includetl in that of Brooniley. ' Within the house at
Apperley is another well, reached by a flight of stone steps from the
kitchen. Ex inf. Mr. Anthony Johnson. ' Inij. p.m. Hug. de Bolebek, 46
Hen. HI. No. 25. ° Cell. Pat. Rolls, 1 1 Edw. I. nienib. 24 b, also Rut.
Lit. Pat. Rolls .Series, 8vo edition, Edw. I. p. 91.
 APPERLEY TOWNSHIP. 1 65 Appiltreley Subsidy Roll, 1296.
£ s. d. s. d. Sumina bonorLim Petri Harper ... ... ... ... ... 3 15 7 uncle
regi 6 loi „ Thomae filii Waldeui ... ... ... ... 250 „ 41 .Summa hujus
villae, £b os. 7d. Unde domino regi, los. ii^d. Certain lands in the vill
of Apirley, which had been forfeited to the Crown by Robert de West
Heddon, who had taken part in Gilbert de Middleton's rebellion, were
sold by Edward III. to Roger de Widdrington.' The history of the
place during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries is obscure, but
before the beginning of the seventeenth century the place had
passed into the possession of the family of Boutflower. It is stated in
the survey of the forfeited possessions of Charles, earl of
Westmorland, made in 1608, that George Boutflower claimed an
intake, containing by estimation fifty acres, beginning at Apperley
south dyke nook and going northward, ' and soe down the west side
of the bourne as to the lead forde and so down to Hyndley Steele
dike to the north nooke and up the hall hill to the west close nooke
of Apperley.'' Geoffrey Boutflower of Apperley married a daughter of
John Fenwick of Ryal and Wallington,^ and by her had a son, Ralph,
who is mentioned in the will of his mother's brother, John Fenwick of
Walker, who died in 1580/ Ralph Boutflower's great grandson,
Thomas Boutflower, in 1663 was rated at £^0 for Apperley and
Hindley, and was also proprietor of lands at ' Rotchelle foote,'
Wheelbirks and Hassocks,* all in this parish, and of other lands at
Mickley in the parish of Ovingham." John Davis, fellow of Magdalen
College, Cambridge, after his ejection from his beneflce of Bywell St.
Peter, found a refuge at Welton, the house of Thomas Boutflower's
father-in-law, Michael Welden, or Welton, and ' all the time of the
severities of King Charles's reign ' used to preach ' sometimes in his
own house and sometimes at Sir William Middleton's at Belsay,
sometimes at Mr. Boutflower's at Apperley, and sometimes at other
places.'' In 1675 Mr. Thomas Boutflower was rated on 8 chimneys for
the hearth ta.x.** Thomas ' Pat. Rolls, 33 Edw. III. pt. i. memb. 8. •
Haggat and Ward's Survey, 1608. ' Cf. Hodgson, Northumberland, pt.
ii. vol. i. p. 256. ' Durham U'(//s, Green well, p. 35. .Surt. Soc. No.
38. ^ The farm of Hassocks has not been identified, but the
following entry in St. Peter's churchwardens' book implies that it was
near New Ridley : 17 13, 6th April, 'John Brown of ye Hassocks,
churchwarden for New Ridley Ward.' Ex inf. Mr. Anthony Johnson. "
Book of Rates : Hodgson, Northumberland, pt. iii. vol. i. pp. 286,
287, 288, 290. ' Calamy, Account of the Ministers who were Ejected,
etc. Second edition, vol. ii. p. 519. " V.K.O. Subsidy Rolls, Yi^.
 1 66 THE PARISH OF RYWELL ST. PETER. Boutflower's
younger son William, who in 1675 "'^is apprenticed to Benezer
Durant of Newcastle, mercer, was admitted free of the Merchants'
Company in 1684,' and became sheriff of Newcastle in 1701. He died
in May, 1712, and was buried in St. Nicholas' church under a stone -
bearing : 'A baron between his two wives, i, o?i a fess between three
cushcons as many fleurs-de-lis, for Hntton ; 2, a chevron and in
chief three fleursde-lis, for Boutflower; 3, on a chevron between
three griffon s heads erased as many roundles, for Allenson.
Nathaniel Boutflower, eldest brother of the sheriff, voted in 171 5 at
the election of knights of the shire, in respect of his estate at
Apperley ; his son Thomas voted for a similar qualification in 1710
and 1715, and William Boutflower, son of Thomas, voted at the
elections of 1734 and 1748.* The long connection of the family with
Apperley came to an end in 1766, when, after William Boutflower's
death, the seat house and estate were offered for sale.'' It was
acquired by the family of Surtees of Hamsterley, and now belongs to
the two daughters and co-heiresses of the late Mr. Robert Smith
Surtees, Miss Surtees and Lady Gort. On the enclosure of Apperley,
Mickley, and Fairley-may commons in 18 1 7, 137 acres were
awarded to Anthony Surtees in lieu of rights of common of pasture,
appurtenant to his estate at Apperley.'' ' Neivcastk Merchant
Adventurers, Dendy, p. 302. Surt. Soc. No. loi. ■ Coll. Armorial
Bearings, etc., St. Nicholas, Newcastle, 1820, vol. ii. p. 19. " Poll
Books. * To be sold all that capital messuage, or seat house, and all
the messuages, tenements or farmholds and hereditaments, within
the manor, township, precincts or territories of ."Apperley, with a
large share of extensive common adjoining thereto, and fine springs
of wood thereon, .'\pply to Mr. Reginald Gibson of High Bawk in
Noithumberland. Newcastle Courant, 12th .April, 1766. ' 52 Geo. III.
'An Act for inclosing lands in the parishes ofOvingham, IJywell .St.
Peter, and Bywell St. .■\ndrew, in the county of Norlhumberland.'
The commissioners appointed to carry the Act into execution made
their awards June 16th, 1817, and after reciting that the commons
of Mickley, Apperley, and Fairley-may contained by admeasurement
1567 acres, set out various public roads, etc. They awarded to the
Rev. Septimus Hodson and Frances, his wife, in satisfaction of their
right to the soil of Fairley-may and Apperley commons, and in lieu of
the right of common of pasture appurtenant to their farmhold of
Fairley-may, 445 acres; to William Wrightson, esq., for his m.anorial
rights on Mickley common, 32 acres (in six plots, i.e., to Mickley, 15
acres; Eltringham, 3 acres; Stocksfield-hall, 3 acres; New Ridley, 3
acres; Apperley, 2 acres; and Old Ridley, 4 acres), and for his lands
in New Ridley, 25 acres; and for .Mickley, 156 acres; the Rev.
Septimus Hodson and Frances, his wife, for Stocksfield-hall, ilS
acres; Old Ridley, no acres; New Ridley, 50 acres; Ridley-mill, 6
acres; Robert Surtees, esq., for New Ridley, 36 acres; Old Ridley, 36
acres; and Ovingham, 2 acres; Thomas Humble, esq., for
Eltringham, 53 acres, and for Cherry-burn intakes, 3 acres; Anthony
Surtees, esq., for Apperley, 137 acres; William Wallas, esq., for Old
Ridley, 46 acres; the heirs of Anthony Humble, for Mickley, 23 acres;
John Surtees, esq., for New Ridley, 55 acres ; and Broomley, 30
acres; John Davidson, esq., for Mickley, 15 acres; John Newton, for
Mickley, 10 acres; William Prudhoe, for Mickley, 5 acres; William and
John Robson, for New Ridley, 9 acres; the heirs of William Newton,
for New Ridley, 3 acres; George Stobbart, for New Ridley, 2 acres;
Richard Stobbart, for New Ridley, 1 acre; Stephen Thompson, for
.Mickley, i acre; Robert and James Wilkinson, for a cottage at
Mickley, 24 perches; and Joseph Lowes, for a cottage at Mickley, 22
perches. (Fractions omitted.)
 APPERLEY TOWNSHIP. 167 BOUTFLOWER OF APPERLEY.*
Arms : Vtrt a chevron and in chief 3 fleurs de lis or. Crest : A fleur de
Its or. Tombstones ;it Whiltonstall (1642), Bishop Middleham (1688),
and at St. Nicholas Church, Newcastle (1712). Robert Bultfi.our,
/f»i/>. Hen. IV. {u), = Agnes, sister of Julian, wife of Henry Kaunt of
Lofthouslyntes, co. Durham (a). John Bultflonr Qi) ,= William
Bultflour claimed Lofthotislyntes in the Chancery of Duiham, 1446-47
(;n/>. Henry \'III. = second daughter of John Fenwick of Wallington
(j/). Ralph Boutflower of .Apperley appeared at the muster in 1538 ;
named in the will of his uncle, John Fenwick of Walker, 15S0 ( v) ; in
1595 sold Overlints to Nicholas Hedley (h). George Boutflower of
Apperley, son and heir (y), purchased lands in Hindley 1617 ; died
2ist February, 1641/2; buried at Whittonstall. Thomas Boutflower,
living 1580 (j). William Boutflower of Apper- = [Mary, bur. John
Boutflower of Pembroke George Boutflower, ley, an attesting witness
(together with his brother John) to the deed of 161 7 ;
administration of his personal estate in the Prerogative Court at
London, 25th June, 1657. lothjune, Hall, and afterwards of steward
to Sii 1675 («).] Christ College, Cambridge ; Edw. Radcliffe B.A. 1629
; chaplain to of Dilston, in Morton, bishop of Durham ; 1644 ; [ ?
lessee, vicar of Whelpington, 1633 ; Bywell fishery, vicar of Warden,
1638 ; died 1639]. 1642. Annes, living 15S0 Mildred, daughter of
Ralph Hutton, official to the dean and chapter of Durham, married
2nd December, 164 1 (^). I Thomas Boutflower of Apperley, only
son ; in 1663 was rated for lands = Jane, daughter of [Michael]
Welden of Welton at that place and at Hindley, Hassocks,
VVheelbirks, Mickley, Rotchellfoot, etc. ; buried 5th January, 16S3/4 ;
will dated 31st December, 1683. and niece of Colonel George
Fenwick of Brinkburn ; executrix to her husband's will ; buried 3rd
February, 1697/8 (). Nathaniel : Boutflower of Apperley, mar. 22nd
Feb., 1676/7 (0; buried 8th January, I72o/2l(«). Dorothy, daughter
of John Ogle of Kirkley; buried 4th Nov., 1737 (a) ; bond of mar.
17th Feb., 1676/7. I Elizabeth, dau. r^ William Boutflower of Newof
Ralph Hutton, commissary of Richmond ; mar. i.Sth Feb., 1684/5 M;
bur. 22nd Apl. 1688 ; aged 35 Wcastle, admitted free of .Merchants'
Company 9th October, 16S4, and of hostmen's Company igth May,
1699 ; sheriff of Newcastle, 1701 ; bur. 26thMay, I7i2{'/');
administration of his estate granted l8th July, 1712, to his daughter
Elizabeth. I I Elizabeth, died unmarried ; buried 5th Dec, 1699 (a).
Mary, married 20th August, 171 5 (/), Edward Lumsden, of Morpeth
; living 1762. I 2Sth Thomas, baptised -March ; buried igth July,
16S6 (rf). Elizabeth, baptised 20th October, i687(rf) ; mar. William
\^azey of Gateshead and of Wiserley, in the parish ofWolsingham.
Elizabeth, died unmarried ; bur. I3tti Sept., 16S6 (,/). Dorothy, mar.
John Ornsby, of Newcast!e,draper; bond of marriage gth Mar.
i69i;liv.i698 Mehitabell, died unmarried 2nd Sept., 16S5 ooWilliam,
bapt. 12th December; buried 17th December, 1695 (i^). Marmaduke
Boutflower, bapt. 15th December, 1698 (1/); [?of Gosport, died 1767
sl^]. Thomasine, bapt. 6th April, 1693 ; buried 8th February, 1695
(). Jane, bapt. 5tli June, 1694 (rf) ; married Benjamin Wilson of the
parish of St. Nicholas, Newcastle ; bond of marriage, 9th October,
1719. Alice, bapt. 14th October, 1697 (). Hannah, bapt. 15th
.August, 1700; bur. loth December, 1701 (). ^ Thomasine, dau. of
Marmaduke .Allenson of Durham, mercer, and of Ouarrington, CO.
Durham; bond of mar. 4th June, 1692; bur. 17th April, 1708 (id).
Thomas Boutflower, son and heir, baptised 25th October, 1685 (a) ;
mar. 14th Jan., 1709 (aj; died in his father's lifetime ; bur. 5th May,
171 7 (fl). I A Margaret Lee of Old Ridley, widow, bond of mar. 8th
Dec, 1709 ; buried 17th June, 1725 (rt); adm.of her personal estate,
26th Februaiy, 1725/6 I Jane Vasey, = John Boutflower, = Eleanor,
dau of the par. of Ovingham ; mar. 2ist Oct., 1712 (,?) ; bur. 27th
Aug., 1713 s.p. («). resided successively at Apperley, Brian's Leap
(1732), and Riding-mill ; bapt. 5th January, 1687 (a) ; died 2nd
Sept., 1742, aged 55 (/)■ of Roger Fewster, married 1st May, 1720
(^/') ; buried I3lh Nov., 1734 (/)• William Boutflower, : captain Royal
Navy ; baptised 1st January, 1692(0); commander of the
Flam/ioroiigh , 1732 ; died at Port Antonio, 1734 ; will prov. in
Prerogative Court at Canterbury, March, 1735 
 1 68 THE PARISH OF HYWEI.I. ST. TETER. Robert, 1
Robinson BoutNathaniel ^ [Anne William, Thos.
Boutflower=Elizaburied flower of Newl?ouldied in bap. 19th bap. lytli
April, beth. 22nd castle, attorflower. Londun lune, I732(/); purNov.,
ney, died at KS04, 1729 W; ser ot H..\1.S. 1721 Troughend ; aged
85, bur. 31st Aguiio ; died at (<. buried="" l6th="" s.p.="" oct.=""
exeter="" june="" wsept.="" j775.="" john="" eaton=""
boutflower="" of="" great="" tower="" street="" london=""
afterwards="" born="" died="" dorothy="" daughter="" edward=""
boutflowei="" gray="" inn="" i="" mary="" bap.="" dec="" mar.=""
sept.="" hdw.="" liouinowcrof="" bapt.="" march="" thomas=""
bennett="" morpeth=""/>). Anne, married William Boutflower of
Gray's Inn. Elizabeth, mar. Thomas Davy of Ottery ; died 1861.
Eleanor Ogle, married Bennett of Morpeth, and died June, 1S20,
aged 46. Edward Boutflower, one of the Clerks i to Gray's Inn (.v),
Slh March, 1771 ; 1785 ; proved. Prerogative Court of n Chancery,
admitted will dated 15th July, Canterbury, 1786. Mary, daughter of
John Boutflower, of Riding-mill, married 2Ist Sept., 1748 («); died
1803. Mary, buried 14th Feb., 1731 (/)■ I Ann Bennett, = William
Boutflower, = Anne Boutdied 1797. admitted to Gray's flower,died
Inn, l6th Jan., 1833. 1 789(3;); died 1 81 5 i./. I John Edward
Boutflower, admitted to Gray's Inn 4th July, 17S6 ; youngest son (.v)
; died unmarried 1789. Eleanor. Mary Judith. Dorothy, married John
Eaton Boutflower. William Boutflower of Apperley, grandson and heir,
bapt. 19th Dec, 1710 (ij) ; mar. ist Aug., 1732 (m); bur. 1st April,
1758(3') ; will dated 24th June, 1756. = Isabel Fewster ; she re-mar.
8th April, 177 1 (/), William Bertram, and was buried 2gth May, 1 78
1 («)• Elizabeth, bapt. 2nd September, 1712 (u) ; bur. 29th April,
I7i8(.). Barbara, bapt. 28th July, 1714 («) ; mar. nth May, 1749,
Thomas Marshall of Blanchland (/). Dorothy, bapt. 28th March,
1717(a); mar. 8th July, 1736, Elrington Reed of Troughend (/) ; died
1762. I Thomas Boutflower of Apperley, and afterwards of Riding-
mill, baptised 14th May, 1733 («) ; buried 5th September, 1773 {a).
Wi lliam Boutflower of Riding-mill, bapt. 6th Jan., 1740 (a) ; raar.i7th
Nov., 1768 (3) ; buried 2nd July, 1776 (/•) ; will dated 1776.
Elizabeth Jobling ; she remar. 31st Dec. 177s (/), Anthony Fewster of
Ebchester, surgeon. I Robert Boutflower, bapt. I ith January, 1742
(a); bur. 28th .•\pril, 1767 («). John Boutflower of: Newcastle,
merchant, baptised Slh February, 1750 («); buried gth March, 1783
(0Isabel Boutflower, daughter and co-heiress, buried 3rd July, 1787
(r). Dorothy Boutflower, daughter and co-heiress, baptised i8th July,
1776 (/) ; buried 5th June, I797(')r Mary Rowel, mar. 19th Mar.,
1774 (^) ; buried 15th March, 1783 (0Henrietta Boutflower, baptised
l6th August, 1778 (/) ; cousin and heiress of Dorothy Boutflower of
Riding-mill ; married Edward Bennet of Morpeth, who, in 1825, sold
his wife's lands at Riding-mill ; died at Morpeth 25th January, 1859.
Dorothy, baptised 22nd January, 1734 (a) ; married 21st June, 1763
(a), Reginald Gibson of Low Hall, Corbridge. Margaret, baptised 31st
December, 1736 (a) ; married 27th October, 1760 (n), Anthony
Harrison of Ebchester. Sarah, baptised 1st December, 1738 (a) ;
living unmarried 1758. Isabel, baptised 27th .March, 1745 (a) ;
married 2i5t November, 1768 (s), Wilkinson Johnson of Medomsley.
Barbara, baptised 26th .April, 1747 (a) ; married 15th January, 1775
(g), .Anthony Fewster of Ebchester. Mary, baptised 2Ist February,
1753 (a) ; married 3rd April, 1781 (h), Nicholas Thornton of Haydon.
Elizabeth, baptised 6th July, 1755 (a), of Blackhall-mill ; died
unmarried, 1779. (a) Bywili St. Peter Registers. l/)) Witton Gilhert
Register. (e) Eelani Register. ((/) St. Xicholm Register, Newcastle. {e)
Durham Cathedral Register. (/ ) BywellSl. A ndrew Register and M. I.
(.?) Eiichester Register. (_h) Bishop Middleham Register. (_/")
Shotlev Register, (/f ) Taiifield Register. (/) St. Oswald's Register,
Durham. (m') lameslev Register, (fi) Corhridge Register. {p) Hexhatn
Register. (fi) .Morpeth Register. (y) Ehdon Register. (r) Whittonstall
Register. (j) .Medomsley Register. * This pedigree has, with some
additions by the editor, been constructed by the Rev. D. S.
Boutflower, vicar of Monkwearmouth, who represents a cadet line of
the Apperley family, being a descendant of Marmaduke Boutflower of
Gosport. (/) All Saints' Register, Newcastle. (k) 34//; Report 0/
Deputy Keeper of Public Records,^. 222, and 37th Report, p. I4I. (y)
Hodgson, S'orthumlieriand, pt. ii. vol. i. p. 256. iw) Raine, Test. Ehor.
(.v) Foster, Admissions to Gray's Inn. ( v) Durham Wills and
Inventories, Greenwell, p 35.
 TEMPLE HEALEY TOWNSHIP. Ibg TOWNSHIP OF TEMPLE
HEALEY. The township of Temple Healey, or Healey, as it is more
commonly called, comprises an area of 2181 acres, including a
detached portion of 21 acres, and forms one estate. It is watered by
the Reaston and Healey burns, which, after joining at Healey Cleugh,
together form the March burn, which, under the name of the Riding
mill burn, joins the Tyne at Riding mill. The old manor corn mill
stood upon the Reaston burn, but nearly the whole of the township
is now either pasture or wood. Six hundred acres were planted,
chiefly with larch, between 1816 and 1827.' In igoi there was a
population of 85.^ Although not specifically mentioned in the Testa
de Nevill as a member of the barony of Baliol, it is in every way
probable that Healey was given to the Knights Templars by one of
the lords of that munificent house, and in the inquisition taken in
1268, on the death of John de Baliol, it is stated that it was held of
him by the preceptor of Thornton, who paid 2s. for all services." In
reply to a writ de quo tvarrantn brought against them at the assizes
held at Newcastle in 1294, the Templars claimed the liberties of
infangentheif, outfangentheif, gallows, freedom from all fines and
amerciaments, suit of courts and wapentake, tallage, lastage,
stallage, and all tolls in all fairs and markets, passage and pontage
by sea and land, and to have felons' and fugitives' goods, waif and
assize of bread and ale in all their towns.* The jury found that they
had purchased no lands in the county since Henry the Third, in
1253, had granted them their charter of liberties ; they were not
seised of waif and outfangentheif; the jury did not know they were
allowed in the exchequer the goods of felons and fugitives, but they
had enjoyed all the other liberties and assize of bread and ale
beyond all memory.'' On the suppression of the Order of the
Templars, in 1308, their lands at Healey, Corbridge, and other places
were taken into the king's hands,* and ' Parson and White, Durham
and Novtliuiiibcrland, vol. ii. p. 565. Mr. Robert Onnston (bom, 1789
; died, 1882) saw the trees planted and grow up; he felled most of
them and replanted the ground. The receipts for timber sold off the
estate during his lifetime amounted to ^56,000. Ex inf. Rev. Anthony
Johnson. ^The Census Returns are : 1801, 51 ; iSi i, 59 ; 1821, 49 ;
1831, 54 ; 1841, 65 ; 1851,67 ; 1861, 71 ; 1871,94; 1881,106;
1891,96; 1901,85. ^ Inq. p.m. John de Balliol, 53 Hen. III. No. 43.
Cf. Inq. p.m. Hug. de Balliol, 55 Hen. III. No. 33. * Placita de quo
warranto. Hodgson, Northumberland, pt. iii. vol. i. p. 162. " Sheriff's
Accounts, 1308-1309. Arch. Ael. vol. xvii. p. 43. Vol. VI. ?2
 IJO THE PARISH OF RYWEI-I. ST. PETER. seem to have
been shortly afterwards granted to the Knii,dits Hospitallers,' who
retained possession until the general suppression of religious
houses, when they were resumed by the Crown. Hele Muster Roi.i,,
iS38' John Hurd, Richard Swynborn ; ,iblc with hois and hanies. In
1550 two third parts of the vill were held by Sir Cuthbert RadclyfTe,
knight, at the rent of 53s. 4d. a year, to be paid half-yearly at Lady-
day and Michaelmas ; the remaining third part was held by John
Ord, who paid 26s. 8d. a year at the same terms."* On May 2nd,
1553, certain lands lately belonging to the preceptorv of Mount St.
John in Yorkshire were granted to Sir John Widdrington of
Widdrington, knight, and Cuthbert Musgrave of Harbottle, esquire.
The consideration paid was ^756 is. 5-|d. and the premises granted
comprised, with other estates, the two parts of Temple Helaye in the
occupation of Sir Cuthbert Radcliffe, knight, and the remaining third
part in the occupation of John Orde ; they were to be held of the
king as of the manor of East Greenwich by fealty, in free socage and
not in chief.^ Healey does not appear in any of the various
enumerations of Sir John Widdrington's estates, and it is possible
that he may have purchased as a trustee for his kinsman, John
Widdrington, whose will made on February 4th, 1 570/ 1, is
preserved in the probate registry at Durham. ft 1570, February 4th.
Will of John Widdrington of Temple Helay. My boddye to be buried
within my parishe churche of Bywell Peter with all things therunto
belonginge. To James, William, Graice and Urssalay Shaftoo,
childringe unto Ranold Sliaftoo, my sonne in law, foure oxen and
twoo kye with th' encrease of the said twoo kyen untill this day, all
which said oxen and kyen are now already goinge with the said
Ranolde ther father. I geve unto Robert Blaikden, my sonne in lawe,
one oxe w-hich is at Blaikden, and to itche one of his childeringe one
yeue and a lame. I geve unto John Lawson, sonne unto Edwarde
Lawson of Bywell, my sonne in lawe, and to Jaune, Annes,
Elizabethe, and Katrone Law-son, his sisters, 6s. 8d. each. I geve
unto my three doughters, Elizabethe, Margrete, and Annesse
Widdrington, XX marks apiece out of my leasse of the parsonige of
Hartburne at the dais of there maridge. I will that Annes
Widdrington, my wifile, have the thred parte of my land in Tetnple
Helay and ^4 in nioonye yercly paid out of leasse of Hartburne
churche during hir widow heaid and also the thride parte of all my
goods moveable, and if it shall forton my said wiffe to niarrye any
other man then I will that she shall have 26s. 8d. yerely out of my
lands in Temple Helay without any more. To my sone James
Widdrington all ' Healey is not noticed in the extent of the
Hospitallers' lands made in 1338. Report of Prior Pliilip de Thame, p.
133. Camden Soc. Pub. No. 65. - Arch. A el. quarto series, vol. iv. p.
178. = Ministers' Accounts, 4-5 Edw. VI. Compotus of the bailiff of
the Northumbrian possessions of the preceptory of Mount .St. John
in Yorkshire. Arch. Act. vol. xvii. p. 277. * Pat, Rolls, 7 Edw. \T. pt. ii.
 TEMPLE HEALEY TOWNSHIP. 1 71 my lands in tSlaikden,
the third parte of my leasse of Hartburne church and my leasse of
the manerr and township of Halhden'; remainder to Roberte
Widdrington my sonne and heaire. I geve to my said son Roberta
Widdrington all my lands in Temple Helay and in Mytforthe, my
leasse of Whitsidelaw" and the other tvvoo parts of my lease of
Hartburne churche. To Thomas Sympson of Ulgham xs as a token.
To Thomas Chirden, sonne of John Shirden, dissesed, serten goods
which I had of his father John Chirden at his deathe. To my sonne in
lawe, Robert Blaikden, one farmhold or tennement in Blaikden
accordinge to my gifte and promes. I will that my daughter
Dorathye, wife unto Ranolde Shaftoo, have yerely duringe hir liffe
naturall one pease of a teithe in Hartburne parish for a reasonable
rent painge, or els she to have yerely of my sonne Robert
Widdrington sexe bowles of come, and of my sonne James
Widdrington yerely three bowles of corne tow-ards the findinge of
hir housse. My twoo sonnes, Roberte and James Widdrington, and
my wife Annes, executors, chairginge them as they will ansswere
before the faice. of Almightty God to se the reste of my childringe
vertusly brought upp, my legasis paid and my boddye to be orderly
brought to the earthe, and to distribute to the poore for my soull as
they shall thinke meatt." Inventory of the goods of John
Widdrington, 2oth February, 1 570/1. Imprimis 21 oxen, price ^21 ;
20 kyen, ^12 13s. 4d. ; 8 younge stoits and 6 younge quies, £■; ;
10 yerelinge steirks, 33s. 4d., 8 score and 7 sheipe, ^16 14s.; a
greseld meare, 26s. 8d. ; 10 hyves of beis, 20s.; wheate and rye
sowne upon the grounde, 25 acres, ^6; waines, plowes, and plewe
gere, 40s.; plaite, napperye, and othere lyninge, ^8 los. ; beddinge,
vessell and other stufte within the housse, ^20. Summa totalis, £qj
17s. 4d.' Although the testator left two sons, Healey seems to have
passed into the possession of his grandson, John Lawson of Byvvell,
before the year 1608, and soon after that time* it was acquired by
the family of Sanderson, who continued to hold it for several
generations. Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1649. .A true particular of the
estate of John .Saunderson of Heley, in the county of
Northumberland, gentleman, upon which hee was fined for his
delinqucncye. Hee is seized in fee of and in a messuage or tenement
called Hely aforesaid, worth per annum, before these vvarrs, ^30.
Hee is seized of a like estate of and in foure farmes in High
Fawtherley and Lowe Fawtherley in the county aforesaid, worth per
annum, before these warrs, ^10. Hee is seized of a like estate of
and in a tenement in Dotland, worth per annum, before these warrs,
^5. Total, ^45. Hee hath allowed : — for fee farme rent, payable out
of Fawtherley aforesaid, to the Crown £2 5s. ; a fee farnie rent out
of Heley, per annum, 2s. ; a fee farme rent out of the tenement of
Dotland aforesaid, per annum, 8s. 4d. The compounder was fined at
a sixth, /126 14s.'' In 1663 William and Thomas Sanderson were
assessed for lands at Healey, Fotherley, Lingfield, Slaley, Dotland,
Blackball, Staward, and ' Maskennell ' ' at sums amounting to £\']\
per annum.* In 1675 Mr. William Sanderson was rated on 9
chimneys for the hearth ta.x." The inventory of Mr. William
Sanderson's goods was taken on February 30th, 1676/7, and is as
follows'": ' CJ. vol. iv. of this work, p. 240. - C/. vol. iv. of this work,
p. 301. ^ Durham Wills ami Inventories, Raine, vol. i. p. 320 ; Surt.
Soc. No. 2. ' Ibid. vol. i. p. 322. ^ John Sanderson of Hely, gent., is
mentioned in a list of freeholders in 1638. Arch. Ael. 4to series, vol
ii. p. 323. « Com. for Compounding, vol. ' G,' 227, p. 887. Cf. Cal.
Com. for Comp. p. 202. ' There is a farm called Moss Kennels in the
parish of Warden, adjoining the Military Road, formerly Dryden's for
some generations, and sold to Mr. John Clayton in 1S79. ^->' '"f-
Mi'- L. C. Lockhart. s Hodgson, Northumberland, pt. iii. vol. i. p. 334.
° Subsidy Rolls, -}j§. '" Durham Probate Registry.
 172 THE PARISH OF BYWEI.I. ST. PETER. His purse,
apparell, and horse, .£20; 8 oxen, £28 ; 18 kine, £40; one year old
bull, £1 los. ; 4 stotts, £7 ; 2 heffers, £;i; 7 stirkes, /; ; 10 young
calves, £2 los. ; one old graye mare and one galloway, ^5 ; 4
draught horses, £6 ; 73 ewes and lambs, /;2i ; 27 eilil ewes, £7 ; 77
sheep hogcs, /14 ; 74 geld sheepc, £2} los. ; 40 bowles of oats, ^12
; 2 bowles and one bushell of bigg, ^i ; one stacke of rey vallued .at
15 bowles, £6 ; wane, geese, and implements thereto belonging,
^4. ;{"2o8 los. In the best chamber : one bedsteed, one fether bed,
one boulster, 2 pillowes, 3 blankctts, a counter painc, courelings and
vallance, one looking glass, one great chare, 2 little chares, 3
stoules, and one little table, £10. In the midle roumc : one
beedstecd, one fether bed, one boulster, 2 pillowes, 3 blanketts, a
counter paine, courtemg and vallance, one pare of drawers, one
great chaire, 2 little ones, 3 stoules, one looking glass and hangeings
of carsey, £8. In the broad chamber : 2 bedsteads, 2 fether beeds, 2
boulsters, 4 pillowes, 6 bl.anketts, one rugg and one counter pane, 2
pare of curteings and vallance, one truckle beeds, one chaire and
one stoule, £(\ In the nursery : 4 bedsteeds, 2 fether beeds, 2 flocke
beede, 4 paire of blanketts, 4 boulsters, 4 covercloths, 4 happeings,
^6. In the closett : one cubord and 2 paire of drawers, £2. In the
garrett chamber : one beedsteed, one fether beed, one pare of
blankctts, one boulster, 2 pillowes, one rugg, one little table, 2
stoules, £2 los. In the sarvanlts' chamber : 2 beedsteads, 2 flock
beeds, 2 corner clothes (sic), 2 boulsters, and 2 happeings, ^i los.
In the parkr : one dosen of Turkey worke chares, one table and
carpett, with carsey hangeings, ^5. In the hall: 2 tables, one dosen
of lether chairs, £1 los. ; table lining and sheets, ;/^2o. In the
hitching : puter and brass and 3 tables, ^15 ; a brewing vessall,
meike boules and skeles, £5. One silver cann and one dosen of silver
spoons, ^8. One bond of Mr. Thomas Wrayes, £iS ; three bonds of
£2^, per bond, £75 ; total, ^180. The gross sumone in ail comes to
£389 los. The Sandersons took the losing side in the Rebellion of
171 5, and a warrant' was issued for the apprehension of William
Sanderson of Healey; he was taken prisoner, but escaped from
Chester." In 1745 the name of George Sanderson^ of Healey,
gentleman, aged forty-five years, appears in a list of ' reputed
papists and nonjurors within the east division of Tindale Ward.' ' '
Sessions Records. ' Bates, History of Northumberland (1895), p. 261.
^ 7th September, 1717. George Sanderson of Errington, as a Roman
Catholic, registers an annuity of £80 per annum, charged on Healey,
payable to himself for life, and then to Elizabeth, his wife, secured by
a deed dated 20th October, 1696, made between (l) Barbara
Sanderson of Healy, widow of William Sanderson of Healey,
gentleman, him, the said George Sanderson, and William Sanderson,
the younger, his brother, and (2) William Widdrington, son and heir
apparent of Ralph Widdrington of Cheeseburn Grange, &c. ; (3)
Salvin and Johnson. .4nd also by another deed dated 12th February,
1712/3, made between (l) the said (jeorge Sanderson and Elizabeth,
his wife, the said William Sanderson, the brother, Barbara
Sanderson, widow, (2) William Fenwick of Bywell and William
Sanderson, the elder of Greenside, in the county of Durham, and (3)
Sir Reginald Graham of Norton Conyers. Roman Catholic Registers at
Moot Hall, Newcastle. August 1st, 1747. George Sanderson of Healy
conveyed his estate to his trustees in trust for the payment of his
debts and to provide for the education of his children. Deeds
enrolled at Quarter Sessions in the custody of the Clerk of the Peace.
' Sessions Records. The names of George Sanderson of Errington,
gentleman, with an estate ol ^380 per annum, and of William
Saunderson of Healey, gentleman, with an estate of ^168 per
annum, appear in Cosin's List of Catholic Non-jurors, 1715, ed. 1862,
pp. 86, 90. 'The Chevalier in all appearance had little reason to
expect any considerable assistance from his friends there
[Lancashire] if held in the same light with those in Northumberland,
where only two gentlemen [Mr. Sanderson and Mr. Taylor] joined
him.' Memorials of John Murray of Broughton, ed. by R. F. Bell,
Edinburgh, i8g8, p. 244.
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