Arithmetic Progression FA Solutions:

Solutions to All 59 Questions from the First PDF (Geometric Progressions)

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Next Section: Arithmetic Progressions – FA Worksheet (Exercise 1 & 2)

Exercise 1 – Selected Questions

Q1. Write the first four terms of each of the following sequences whose nth terms are:
(i) an = 3n + 2 → 5, 8, 11, 14
(ii) an = (2n - 3)/3 → -1/3, 0, 1/3, 2/3
(iii) an = 3^n → 3, 9, 27, 81
(iv) an = (2n^3 - 5)/5 → -3/5, 3/5, 13/5, 4
(v) an = (-1)^n * 2n → -2, 4, -6, 8
(vi) an = (2n(n - 1))/2 → 0, 2, 6, 12
(vii) an = n^2 - n + 1 → 1, 3, 7, 13
(viii) an = 2n^2 - 3n + 1 → 0, 3, 10, 21
(ix) an = (3n^2 - 6)/6 → 1/2, 1, 3/2, 5/2
Answer: Matches provided answer key

Q2. Is an = –4n + 15 an A.P.? If yes, find 15th term and common difference.
Yes, because nth term is linear (in n)

 Common difference d = a2 - a1 = [–4×2 + 15] - [–4×1 + 15] = 7 - 11 = –4

 a15 = –4×15 + 15 = –60 + 15 = –45

Answer: Yes, Common difference = –4, 15th term = –45

Q3. First term = 5, d = 3, last term = 80. Find number of terms.

 an = a + (n – 1)d → 80 = 5 + (n – 1) × 3
→ 75 = 3(n – 1) → n – 1 = 25 → n = 26
Answer: 26 terms

Q4. Find:
(i) 10th term of A.P. 1, 4, 7,... → a = 1, d = 3 → a10 = 1 + 9×3 = 28
(ii) 18th term of A.P. 2, 3.5, 5,... → a = 2, d = 1.5 → a18 = 2 + 17×1.5 = 27.5 = 55/2
(iii) nth term of A.P. 13, 8, 3,... → a = 13, d = –5 → an = 13 + (n–1)(–5) = –5n + 18
Answer: (i) 28, (ii) 55/2, (iii) –5n + 18

Q5. Which term of A.P. is X:

(i) 3, 8, 13,... → a = 3, d = 5 → 3 + (n–1)×5 = 248 → n = 50
(ii) 84, 80, 76,... → a = 84, d = –4 → 84 + (n–1)(–4) = 0 → n = 22
(iii) 4, 9, 14,... → a = 4, d = 5 → 4 + (n–1)5 = 254 → n = 51
Answer: (i) 50th, (ii) 22nd, (iii) 51st

Q6. Is given value a term in A.P.?

(i) 68 in 7, 10, 13,... → a = 7, d = 3 → an = 7 + (n–1)×3 = 68 → 3(n–1) = 61 → n = 22.33 → No
(ii) 302 in 3, 8, 13,... → a = 3, d = 5 → 3 + (n–1)5 = 302 → 5(n–1) = 299 → n = 60.8 → No
Answer: No for both

Q7. How many terms are there:

(i) A.P. 7, 10, 13,... 43 → 7 + (n–1)3 = 43 → n = 13
(ii) –1, –5/6, –2/3,... 10/3 → d = 1/6 → a = –1, last term = 10/3
→ –1 + (n–1)(1/6) = 10/3 → n = 27
Answer: (i) 13, (ii) 27

Q8. a10 = 41, a18 = 73 → Find a26

 d = (a18 – a10)/8 = (73 – 41)/8 = 4

 a10 = a + 9d = 41 → a = 5

 a26 = a + 25d = 5 + 100 = 105

Answer: 105

Q9. 10 × a10 = 15 × a15 → Show a25 = 0

 a10 = a + 9d, a15 = a + 14d

→ 10(a + 9d) = 15(a + 14d)
→ 10a + 90d = 15a + 210d → –5a = 120d → a = –24d

 a25 = a + 24d = –24d + 24d = 0

Answer: a25 = 0

Q10. a6 = 19, a17 = 41 → Find a40

 d = (41 – 19)/11 = 2, a = a6 – 5d = 19 – 10 = 9

 a40 = 9 + 39×2 = 87
Answer: 87

Q11. Find sum of all odd numbers between 100 and 200

 First odd = 101, last = 199, d = 2

 n = ((199 – 101)/2) + 1 = 50
  Sn = n/2 (first + last) = 25(101 + 199) = 25×300 = 7500
Answer: 7500

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Q12. Find the sum of all integers between 84 and 719 that are multiples of 5.

 First term (a) = 85, last term (l) = 715, d = 5

 Number of terms: n = ((715 – 85)/5) + 1 = 126 + 1 = 127

 Sn = n/2 × (a + l) = 127/2 × (85 + 715) = 127/2 × 800 = 50800

Answer: 50800

Q13. Find the sum of all integers between 50 and 500 divisible by 7.

 First term = 56, last = 497 (both divisible by 7)

 n = ((497 – 56)/7) + 1 = 63 + 1 = 64

 Sn = n/2 × (first + last) = 64/2 × (56 + 497) = 32 × 553 = 17696

Answer: 17696

Q14. In an A.P., the 24th term is twice the 10th term. Prove the 72nd term is twice the 34th term.
Let a = first term, d = common difference

 a24 = a + 23d = 2(a + 9d)

→ a + 23d = 2a + 18d → a = 5d
Now a72 = a + 71d = 5d + 71d = 76d
And a34 = a + 33d = 5d + 33d = 38d
→ a72 = 2 × a34 = 76d
Proved
Answer: Proved

Q15. If (m + 1)th term is twice the (n + 1)th term, prove (3m + 1)th term is twice (m + n + 1)th term.
Let a = first term, d = common difference
→ a + md = 2(a + nd)
→ a + md = 2a + 2nd → a = md – 2nd
Check a + 3md = 2(a + (m + n)d)
Left: a + 3md = (md – 2nd) + 3md = 4md – 2nd
Right: 2(a + (m + n)d) = 2(md – 2nd + (m + n)d) = 2(md – 2nd + md + nd) = 2(2md – nd) = 4md – 2nd
Answer: Proved

Q16. Find n such that nth term of A.P. 9, 7, 5,... equals nth term of A.P. 15, 12, 9,...

 A1: a = 9, d = –2 → an = 9 – 2(n – 1) = 11 – 2n
  A2: a = 15, d = –3 → an = 15 – 3(n – 1) = 18 – 3n
Set equal: 11 – 2n = 18 – 3n → n = 7
Answer: 7

Q17. Three terms of an A.P. sum to 21; product of first and third exceeds second by 6. Find terms.
Let terms: a – d, a, a + d
→ Sum = 3a = 21 → a = 7
→ (a – d)(a + d) = a + 6 → a^2 – d^2 = a + 6 → 49 – d^2 = 13 → d^2 = 36 → d = ±6
So terms: 1, 7, 13
Answer: 1, 7, 13

Q18. Three A.P. numbers, sum = 27, product = 648. Find them.
Let terms: a – d, a, a + d
→ 3a = 27 → a = 9
→ (a – d)(a)(a + d) = a(a^2 – d^2) = 648 → 9(81 – d^2) = 648 → d^2 = 9 → d = ±3
→ Numbers: 6, 9, 12
Answer: 6, 9, 12

Q19. Angles of a quadrilateral are in A.P. with common diff. 10°. Find angles.

 Let angles be a – 15, a – 5, a + 5, a + 15 (in A.P.)

 Sum = 360 = 4a → a = 90
→ Angles = 75°, 85°, 95°, 105°
Answer: 75°, 85°, 95°, 105°

Q20. Find four A.P. numbers whose sum is 50 and greatest is 4 times the least.
Let terms: a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d
→ Sum = 4a = 50 → a = 12.5
→ a + 3d = 4(a – 3d) → 12.5 + 3d = 4(12.5 – 3d) → 3d + 12.5 = 50 – 12d → 15d = 37.5 → d = 2.5
→ Numbers: 5, 10, 15, 20
Answer: 5, 10, 15, 20

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Q21. Find the sum of the following arithmetic progressions:

(i) a + b, a – b, a – 3b,... to 22 terms

 First term: a + b

 Common difference: (a – b) – (a + b) = –2b

 n = 22
  Sum = n/2 × [2a + (n – 1)d] = 22/2 × [2(a + b) + 21(–2b)]
= 11 × [2a + 2b – 42b] = 11 × (2a – 40b) = 22a – 440b
Answer: 22a – 440b

(ii) (x – y)^2, x^2 + y^2, (x + y)^2,... to n terms

 First term: (x – y)^2 = x^2 – 2xy + y^2

 2nd term = x^2 + y^2

 Common difference: (x^2 + y^2) – (x^2 – 2xy + y^2) = 2xy

 3rd term = (x + y)^2 = x^2 + 2xy + y^2

 So: A.P. with a = (x – y)^2, d = 2xy, n terms

 Sum = n/2 × [2a + (n – 1)d] = n/2 × [2(x – y)^2 + 2xy(n – 1)]

= n[(x – y)^2 + xy(n – 1)]
Answer: n[(x – y)^2 + (n – 1)xy]

(iii) (x−y)/(x+y),(3x−2y)/(x+y),(5x−3y)/(x+y)...(x - y)/(x + y), (3x - 2y)/(x + y), (5x - 3y)/(x + y)... to n
terms

 a = (x - y)/(x + y), d = [(3x - 2y) - (x - y)] / (x + y) = (2x - y)/(x + y)

 General term = a + (n – 1)d = (x - y)/(x + y) + (n – 1)(2x - y)/(x + y)

 Combine numerator: [x – y + (n – 1)(2x – y)] / (x + y)

= [x – y + 2x(n – 1) – y(n – 1)] / (x + y)
= [x – y + 2xn – 2x – yn + y] / (x + y)
= [(2xn – yn – x)] / (x + y)

 Use formula: Sum = n/2 × [2a + (n – 1)d]

→ S = n × [(2x – y) × n – x] / (x + y)
Answer: n × [(2x – y) × n – x] / (x + y)

Q22. Find sum of n terms if nth term = 5 – 6n

 nth term: an = 5 – 6n

 First term a = 5 – 6 = –1, d = an – a(n – 1) = –6

 Sum Sn = n/2 × [2a + (n – 1)d] = n/2 × [–2 + (n – 1)(–6)]

= n/2 × (–2 – 6n + 6) = n/2 × (4 – 6n) = n(2 – 3n)
Answer: n(2 – 3n)

Q23. First term = –14, 5th term = 2, sum = 40. Find number of terms.

 a = –14, a5 = –14 + 4d = 2 → 4d = 16 → d = 4

 Use sum formula: Sn = n/2 × [2a + (n – 1)d] = 40

→ n/2 × [–28 + 4(n – 1)] = 40
→ n/2 × (–28 + 4n – 4) = 40 → n/2 × (4n – 32) = 40
 → n(4n – 32) = 80 → 4n^2 – 32n – 80 = 0 → n^2 – 8n – 20 = 0
→ n = 10 (only positive root)
Answer: 10 terms

Q24. 3rd term = 7, 7th term = 3 × 3rd term + 2 = 23. Find a, d, and S20

 a3 = a + 2d = 7 → a = 7 – 2d

 a7 = a + 6d = 23
Substitute a = 7 – 2d:
→ (7 – 2d) + 6d = 23 → 4d = 16 → d = 4 → a = 7 – 8 = –1

 S20 = 20/2 × [2a + (20 – 1)d] = 10 × [–2 + 76] = 740

Answer: a = –1, d = 4, S20 = 740

Q25. First term = 2, last = 50, sum = 442. Find d.

 Let n be number of terms

→ Sn = n/2 × (a + l) = 442 → n/2 × (2 + 50) = 442 → n = 17

 Use last term formula: l = a + (n – 1)d → 50 = 2 + 16d → d = 3

Answer: d = 3

Q26. 12th term = –13, sum of first 4 terms = 24. Find sum of first 10 terms.

 a12 = a + 11d = –13 → a = –13 – 11d

 S4 = 2(2a + 3d) = 24
Substitute a:
→ 2(2(–13 – 11d) + 3d) = 24
→ 2(–26 – 22d + 3d) = 24 → 2(–26 – 19d) = 24
→ –26 – 19d = 12 → d = –2 → a = –13 + 22 = 9

 S10 = 10/2 × [2a + 9d] = 5(18 – 18) = 0

Answer: 0

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Q27. Show that the sum of all odd integers between 1 and 1000 which are divisible by 3 is 83667.

 First odd number divisible by 3: 3

 Last odd number < 1000 divisible by 3: 999

 Odd multiples of 3: 3, 9, 15, ..., 999 (d = 6)

 n = ((999 - 3)/6) + 1 = (996/6) + 1 = 166 + 1 = 167

 Sum = n/2 × (first + last) = 167/2 × (3 + 999) = 167 × 501 = 83667

Answer: 83667
Q28. In an A.P., 5th term = 30, 12th term = 65. Find sum of first 20 terms.

 a5 = a + 4d = 30

 a12 = a + 11d = 65
Subtract: 7d = 35 → d = 5
Then: a = 30 – 4×5 = 10

 S20 = 20/2 × [2a + 19d] = 10 × [20 + 95] = 10 × 115 = 1150

Answer: 1150

Q29. TV production increases uniformly: year 6 → 8000 units, year 9 → 11300 units. Find:
(i) Production in 1st year

 a6 = a + 5d = 8000

 a9 = a + 8d = 11300
Subtract: 3d = 3300 → d = 1100
Then a = 8000 – 5×1100 = 2500
Answer: 2500 units

(ii) Production in 8th year

 a8 = a + 7d = 2500 + 7700 = 10200

Answer: 10200 units

(iii) Production in 6 years

 Use S6 = 6/2 × [2a + 5d] = 3 × [2×2500 + 5×1100] = 3 × (5000 + 5500) = 31500

Answer: 31500 units

Q30. ₹2800 to be awarded as 4 prizes with each next ₹200 less than previous. Find values.
Let first prize = x, then next = x – 200, x – 400, x – 600

 Total = x + (x – 200) + (x – 400) + (x – 600) = 4x – 1200 = 2800

→ x = 1000

 Prizes: ₹1000, ₹800, ₹600, ₹400

Answer: ₹1000, ₹800, ₹600, ₹400

Exercise 2

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Exercise 2 – Multiple Choice Questions

Q1. How many two-digit numbers are there divisible by 7?

 First two-digit divisible by 7: 14

 Last two-digit divisible by 7: 98

 Terms: 14, 21, 28, ..., 98 → d = 7

 n = ((98 – 14)/7) + 1 = 13
Answer: (A) 13

Q2. How many numbers between 103 and 750 are divisible by 6?

 First divisible = 108, last = 750 (included)

 n = ((750 – 108)/6) + 1 = (642/6) + 1 = 108

Answer: (B) 108

Q3. Sum of first 60 natural numbers

 S = n(n + 1)/2 = 60×61/2 = 1830

Answer: (A) 1830

Q4. Sum of all 2-digit numbers

 First = 10, Last = 99, n = 90

 S = n/2 × (first + last) = 45 × 109 = 4905

Answer: (B) 4905

Q5. 23rd term of A.P. 7, 5, 3,...

 a = 7, d = –2

 a23 = 7 + 22(–2) = 7 – 44 = –37

Answer: (C) –37

Q6. If (k+1), 3k, (4k+2) are in A.P., find k

 3k – (k+1) = (4k+2) – 3k → 2k – 1 = k + 2 → k = 3
Answer: (A) 3

Q7. Which term of A.P. 5, 8, 11,... is 320?

 a = 5, d = 3 → 5 + (n – 1)×3 = 320 → 3(n – 1) = 315 → n = 106

Answer: (C) 106th
Q8. 5th term = 5, 13th term = –3, find first term

 a + 4d = 5, a + 12d = –3
→ Subtract: 8d = –8 → d = –1 → a = 5 – 4(–1) = 9
Answer: (B) 9

Q9. Which term of A.P. 64, 60, 56,... is 0?

 a = 64, d = –4 → 64 + (n – 1)(–4) = 0 → –4(n – 1) = –64 → n = 17

Answer: (B) 17th

Q10. nth term of A.P. is 3n + 5, 7th term = ?

→ a7 = 3×7 + 5 = 26
Answer: (A) 26

Q11. Sides of right triangle in A.P. → ratio?

 Satisfying Pythagorean triplet 3:4:5 is an A.P.

 Common difference = 1
Answer: (C) 3 : 4 : 5

Q12. Sum of 1, 3, 5, ..., up to 20 terms

 a = 1, d = 2 → S = n/2 × (2a + (n–1)d) = 10 × (2 + 38) = 400

Answer: (A) 400

Q13. Sum of 5 + 13 + 21 + ... + 181

 a = 5, d = 8 → 181 = 5 + (n – 1)×8 → n = 23
→ S = 23/2 × (5 + 181) = 23×186 / 2 = 2139
Answer: (A) 2139

Q14. Sum of all odd numbers between 100 and 200

 First = 101, Last = 199, d = 2

 n = ((199 – 101)/2) + 1 = 50

 S = 25 × 300 = 7500
Answer: (C) 7500
Q15. Sum of all positive integral multiples of 5 < 100

 First = 5, Last = 95, d = 5

 n = 19 → S = 19/2 × (5 + 95) = 950

Answer: (A) 950

Q16. Sum of even natural numbers < 100

 Even numbers: 2 to 98, d = 2

 n = 49 → S = 49/2 × (2 + 98) = 2450

Answer: (A) 2450

Q17. A.M. between 14 and 18

= (14 + 18)/2 = 16
Answer: (A) 16

Q18. If 4, A1, A2, A3, 28 are in A.P., find A3

 Common difference = (28 – 4)/4 = 6

 A3 = 4 + 3×6 = 22
Answer: (B) 22

Q19. How many terms of A.P. 3, 6, 9,... sum to 108?

 a = 3, d = 3, Sn = n/2 × (2a + (n–1)d) = 108

Try n = 6: 6/2 × (6 + 15) = 3 × 21 = 63
Try n = 8: 4 × (6 + 21) = 4 × 27 = 108
Answer: (C) 8

Q20. 6th term = 12, 8th term = 22 → find 2nd term

 a + 5d = 12, a + 7d = 22 → 2d = 10 → d = 5
→ a = 12 – 25 = –13
→ a2 = a + d = –13 + 5 = –8
Answer: (B) –8

Q21. Sum of n terms is S = (3n^2 + 5n)/2. Find a25

→ a25 = S25 – S24
→ S25 = (3×625 + 125)/2 = (1875 + 125)/2 = 1000
→ S24 = (3×576 + 120)/2 = (1728 + 120)/2 = 924
→ a25 = 1000 – 924 = 76
Answer: (B) 76
Q22. 200 logs are stacked: 20 in bottom row, each above has one less. How many rows?
→ A.P.: 20, 19, 18, ..., x

 Total logs = 200

 Sn = n/2 × (first + last)

Try n = 16 → S = 8 × (20 + 5) = 8 × 25 = 200
So, 16 rows, top row has 5 logs
Answer: (B) 16, 5