International Journal of Academe and Industry Research

Volume 3 Issue 4 December 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.53378/352934

Establishing, Piloting, and Evaluating

Community-Managed Tour Trek in Sagnay,
Camarines Sur
Ariane Pesimo-Abundabar

Abstract

Tourism has always been regarded as one of the Philippines’ most important industries and a major source of
revenue. Different destinations in the country are known for their cultural diversity and natural beauty. In fact,
many sites are still left to be explored and developed. This study assessed the local community’s perception of
tourism development in Sagñay, Camarines Sur and aimed to propose a community-managed tour trek.
Interviews, surveys, ocular visits, and mock tours were conducted to achieve the objectives of the study.
Results show that the local community perceives that tourism development in the area can be a tool to help the
community through improved livelihood, environmental protection, and cultural appreciation. The local
community recognizes the importance of tourism development and the need for participation of all the
stakeholders. Meanwhile, the proposed community-managed tour trek based on the inventory of tourism
products highlights the natural and cultural resources of Sagñay, Camarines Sur. The local community was
tapped as the primary stakeholders together with the local government unit. A pilot test was conducted to
evaluate the proposed trek and provide a suitable offering to prospective tourists. Furthermore, the study shows
the need for strong commitment among the local community and the local government to assure the successful
management of the proposed community-managed tour trek. It has the potential to have a significant impact,
particularly in terms of improving the community's welfare in the future.

Keywords: tourism, development, community, tour

Article History:
Received: April 7, 2022 Revised: September 21, 2022
Accepted: November 10, 2022 Published online: November 12, 2022

Suggested Citation:
Pesimo-Abundabar, A. (2022). Establishing, Piloting, and Evaluating Community-Managed Tour Trek in Sagnay,
Camarines Sur. International Journal of Academe and Industry Research, Volume 3 Issue 4, pp. 21 - 59. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53378/352934

About the author:

MS in Hospitality Management major in Tourism Management. Instructor, Partido State University San Jose
Campus

* This paper is presented in the 3rd International Conference on Multidisciplinary Industry and Academic Research.

© The author (s). Published by Institute of Industry and Academic Research Incorporated.
This is an open-access article published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license,
which grants anyone to reproduce, redistribute and transform, commercially or non-commercially, with
proper attribution. Read full license details here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
22 | International Journal of Academe and Industry Research, Volume 3 Issue 4

1. Introduction

The continuous development of the tourism and hospitality industry has been a
worldwide phenomenon. It has opened opportunities for economic growth, socio-cultural
development and environmental protection among others. The industry encompasses different
sectors providing the necessary services and support to visitors. Over the years, community
involvement has been recognized as one of the important success indicators in tourism
development. The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) International has put emphasis on the
involvement of local cultures and people in tourism trade. The local community should actively
participate in decision-making and reap equitable share of tourism benefits (Perrin, 2001). As a
result, tourism development helps boost a nation’s economy and empower local communities.
During the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (Rio Earth
Summit) in June 1992, the governments of 182 countries endorsed Agenda 21. It is a program
and strategy aimed to secure sustainable development of planet Earth. Consequently, the World
Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
and Earth Council published a report entitled “Agenda 21 for the Travel and Tourism Industry:
Towards Environmentally Sustainable Development”. The report translates Agenda 21 into a
program of action for the travel and tourism industry which includes environmental protection
and community participation as vital principles in tourism development. Agenda 21 for the
Travel and Tourism Industry emphasized the need to make all travel and tourism businesses
sustainable and detailed priority areas and objectives for governments and the tourism industry to
conform to Agenda 21. It called for travel and trade businesses in tourism to minimize negative
impacts and forge partnerships for sustainable development, including collaborating with local
communities. Thus, national governments around the world agreed on the important role of the
local community as a stakeholder in tourism development (Agenda 21 for the Travel and
Tourism Industry: towards Environmentally Sustainable Development, 2001).
The United Nations established the Sustainable Development Goals in 2017. It is a
blueprint for everyone to have a better and more sustainable future. There are 17 sustainable
development goals to address the global challenges that many people are facing, including
poverty, inequality, climate change, environmental degradation, prosperity, peace, and justice.
The Goals interconnect is aimed to be achieved on 2030 (UNWTO, 2017).
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In the Philippines, tourism development is a shared responsibility of the national and

local government. Various laws comprise the responsibilities of the national and local
government. Tourism development and promotion are mandated by law through the Local
Government Code (RA 7160) and the Tourism Act of 2009 (RA 9593). These responsibilities in
tourism development requires an effective system to manage and control government initiatives.
Furthermore, Department of Tourism (DOT) implements a top to bottom approach to monitor
initiatives which starts from the national level down to the local government units. In this
approach, the community plays an important role in the decision-making process.
Different studies discussed how community-based institutions addressed local needs of
the community. Many inaccessible rural and indigenous communities are beginning to be
involved in the planning and decision-making process of local governments. Active participation
to such has empowered communities to create social enterprises and organizations. These
community-based institutions are presently responding to national and global economic
opportunities with the local community as the primary beneficiaries. Aside from the economic
benefits, community-based enterprises have been a tool towards poverty reduction and
environmental protection. There is a need to establish partnerships and linkages to achieve the
goals of community-based enterprises. These partners provide range of services, support
functions, start-up funds, research, training, legal support, infrastructure and innovation and
knowledge transfer (Seixas & Berkes, 2010). The role and participation of tourism stakeholders
in the area determines the success of tourism development in a tourist destination (Amerta,
2017).
Community-based tourism in the Philippines has been recognized in different parts of the
country. Though not all tourism initiatives focus on community participation, there are
institutions and initiatives adopting community involvement in tourism (PATA, 2015). Such
initiatives may lead to the empowerment of the local community through local leadership by
creating plans and encouraging clear and transparent decision-making. Community members
actively make decisions on strategies and acceptable levels of tourism based upon the
community’s culture, heritage, and vision. Strategies also equip local communities with the tools
and knowledge necessary for decision-making, and build effective structures enabling
community to influence, manage, and benefit from ecotourism development and practice
(Ladaga, 2018).
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Based on the tourism inventory in the area, a community-managed tour trek was
proposed in this study. The development of the tour trek emphasizes the area's natural and
cultural resources by adapting the trail development process and identifying the potential trails.
In addition, the local community and the local government unit were identified as key
stakeholders.

2. Literature review
2.1. Community Participation in Tourism Development
Private and public sectors focus on the construction of facilities and infrastructures to
attract visitors with the goal of gaining economic benefits. However, this led to environmental
and social issues. Little attention was given to the negative effects of development initiatives
towards the local community. The projected benefits supposed to be earned sacrifices the well-
being of the local community. In the long run, the aesthetic value of the place diminishes to the
extent that destinations attract low-spending mass tourism. This poses socio-economic and
environmental problems since tourism development relies on the environmental and socio-
cultural resources. Thus, over the years, studies show that community involvement serves as an
indicator towards success and sustainability (McIntosh & Goeldner, 1986; Timothy, 1999;
Tosun, 2000).
Community involvement works better if the residents receive direct benefits from tourism
development. However, benefits are often limited to a number of people who have the financial
resources to capitalize on existing potential. For residents to receive benefits from tourism
development they must be given opportunities to participate in, and gain financially from,
tourism. However, benefits from tourism are often concentrated in the hands of a limited number
of people who have the capital to invest in tourism at the expense of other segments of the
community (e.g. lower class, uneducated and poor people). Therefore, tourism benefits and costs
should be distributed more equally within the local community, allowing a larger proportion of
the local population to benefit from tourism expansion, rather than merely bearing the burden of
its costs.
One example is Boracay Island which is a famous attraction in the Philippines.
Development initiatives bloomed like mushroom due to the marketability of the place. However,
the welfare of the local community and the environment were sacrificed. This led to the closure
of the growing tourism zone in Boracay in in the year 2018. The President of the Philippines
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ordered the closure of Boracay Island for rehabilitation purposes to mitigate the negative impacts
to the natural environment and the local community. This scenario occurred due to the lack of
involvement of the local community. Many businessmen capitalize on the natural resources of
Boracay, displacing many locals, and destroying the environment. Instead of generating positive
impacts and experiencing benefits, the issues led to a challenging call for change and protection.

2.2. Community-Managed Tourism Enterprises and Activities

Community-based enterprises are widely implemented in different parts of the world.
Different areas include social entrepreneurship, economic development, empowerment zones,
grass roots enterprises, and collective entrepreneurship (Welsch & Kuhns, 2001).
Different studies discussed how community-based institutions addressed local needs of
the community. Many inaccessible rural and indigenous communities are beginning to be
involved in the planning and decision-making process of local governments. Active participation
has empowered communities to create social enterprises and organizations. These community-
based institutions are presently responding to national and global economic opportunities with
the local community as the primary beneficiaries. Aside from the economic benefits, community-
based enterprises have been a tool towards poverty reduction and environmental protection.
However, there is a need to establish partnerships and linkages to achieve the goals of
community-based enterprises. These partners provide range of services, support functions, start-
up funds, research, training, legal support, infrastructure and innovation and knowledge transfer
(Seixas & Berkes, 2010).
Community-based enterprises are (CBE) created to provide economic and social benefits
to the local community (Peredo & Chrisman, 2006). CBE has been increasingly acknowledged
as a potential solution toward environmental and poverty problems. However, despite the
increasing implementation, the understanding about the organizational architecture and
performance of CBE is still lacking and it is argued that the good understanding about the nature
of CBE is the bottom line of developing an effective CBE. Literature shows that CBE is mostly
reported informs of case studies or project reports. Due to the singularity/individuality of those
reports, it is difficult to have a general overview of the CBE in a whole. Thus, two problems are
prevailing: (1) lack of comprehensive understanding about the organization of CBE and (2) lack
of generalizability of the individual findings. These gaps call for a need to identify a way to
bridge them (Soviana, 2013).
26 | International Journal of Academe and Industry Research, Volume 3 Issue 4

In Latin America, rural community-based tourism is a reality on the rise. More and more
rural communities have been organizing to offer visitors the opportunity to get to know their
landscapes and natural resources, their different cultural expressions, forms of organization and
traditional productive activities related to agriculture, livestock, fisheries, craft production or
management of forests. Cooperatives, peasant families, communities of indigenous peoples,
women’s groups and all kinds of community organizations have collectively organized to
complement and diversify their revenue by offering new tourist activities. Through these forms
of organization, communities are ultimately responsible of deciding, in a sovereign way, how
tourism is organized in their territories (Rural Community-based Tourism Latin America
Catalogue, 2015). Thus, community-based tourism could be a tool for poverty alleviation and
local community empowerment.

2.3. Community-based Tourism Initiatives

Community-based tourism in the Philippines has been recognized in different parts of the
country. Though not all tourism initiatives focus on community participation, there are
institutions and initiatives adopting community involvement in tourism. One of which is the Bojo
Aloguinsan Ecotourism Association (BAETAS). It was formally registered with the Department
of Labor and Employment in October 2009, and with the Bureau of Internal Revenue the
following year. The project was initiated by the local government of the municipality of
Aloguinsan, a town located 73 kilometers midwest of Cebu City on the island of Cebu in central
Philippines. The town is classified as a 4th class municipality with a population of 26,000 and a
land area of 7,421 hectares. The village of Bojo is a fishing village of about 1,600 residents
living in an area of about 355 hectares. Most of the residents earn from fishing, farming and
working as laborers in the city. The 1.3 kilometres Bojo River flows through this village and
empties into the Tanon Strait, the biggest marine protected area in the Philippines, and home to
14 species of dolphins. BAETAS’ mission is to protect Bojo river and the marine resources of
Tanon Strait, and attract tourists and earn supplemental income. Its general strategy is
community-driven environmental management and the approach is ecotourism revenue as a
strong incentive to protect the environment. By the middle of 2009, the Bojo River Eco-Cultural
Tour was launched. After fine-tuning the product for a year, it began full swing in 2010. To date,
it has received almost 38,000 satisfied tourists who have joined the tour bringing memorable and
meaningful experiences with them after. Tours have generated a total receipt of 16 million pesos
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with the 2.6 million pesos turned over to the local government. People hail it as a trailblazing
initiative in Philippine community-based ecotourism where a local community association gives
financial endowment to a municipal government from its tourism activities (PATA, 2015).
According to ASEAN, the Philippines leads the way in sustainable, community-based
eco-tourism. The localities cited where the Coron Island off Palawan and Donsol in Sorsogon
Province. Coron offers a series of nature-based adventures, ranging from scuba diving to
countryside hiking, all done in close coordination with local community tourism offices. While
Donsol highlights two unique natural experiences - the whale shark encounter and firefly-
watching - both of which support local livelihoods and subsidize environmental protection
efforts (ASEAN, n.d.).
Palawan is also known to be one of the places with community-managed tourism
initiatives. In Puerto Princesa City, the Underground River was provisionally chosen as one of
the New 7 Wonders of Nature in 2011. This recognition also uncovered part of the government’s
objectives which is to maintain a sustainable tourism that will serve as a livelihood for its people
and promote economic development. To obtain this, the local government of Puerto Princesa
City initiated the community-based ecotourism in Brgy. Buenavista. Such initiatives led to the
empowerment of the local community through local leadership by creating plans and
encouraging clear and transparent decision-making. Community members actively make
decisions on strategies and acceptable levels of tourism based upon the community’s culture,
heritage, and vision. Strategies also equip local communities with the tools and knowledge
necessary for decision-making, and to build effective structures to enable the community to
influence, manage, and benefit from ecotourism development and practice (Ladaga, 2018).
Community-based ecotourism in Palawan proved the power of sustainable livelihood and
biodiversity conservation to alleviate rural poverty.
A case study on poverty reduction through tourism was conducted in Brgy. Sta. Juliana,
Capas, Tarlac, Philippines. The case study was an entry for the World Tourism Organization
Compendium of Best Tourism Practices with the Mt. Pinatubo Ecotourism Kabuhayan sa
Turismo Project. Since its inception in 1999, the project provides opportunities for the socio-
economic upliftment of the community. The livelihood of the locals had a significant transition
from local farming to tourism. Results of the study demonstrated the income generated for the
local community through tourism development (DOT, 2014).
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Another emerging type is community-based ecotourism. It is a form of ecotourism that

emphasizes the development of local communities and allows local residents to have substantial
control over and involvement in its development and management, and also a major proportion
of the benefits within the community. This form of ecotourism allows the participants of the
cooperative to share the environment and their way of life with visitors. While increasing local
income and building local economies, community-based tourism allows communities to
participate in the modern global economy while cultivating a sustainable source of income and
maintaining their way of life (Ladaga, 2018). Thus, community participation is a major success
factor in tourism development. Many countries and programs have exhibited the benefits of
involving and empowering the local community in tourism development.

2.4. Theoretical framework

The Trail Development Process (TDP) was adapted to guide the research (figure 1).
Figure 1

Trail Development Process

Note: This model was produced by the Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions in 2019, from
Trails Development Series, Part A: A Guide to the Trail Development Process, a joint publication by the
Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions and the Department of Local Government, Sport and
Cultural Industries. Source: State of Western Australia (2019).
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The TDP is divided into eight stages and includes a continuous evaluation, review, and
improvement process as trails are being developed, maintained, extended or renewed. Where
possible, each stage is completed before moving on to the next stage, although some overlaps
may be possible. Properly built trails provide opportunities to teach visitors about wildlife,
forestry and natural resources. Designed with sustainability in mind, a nature trail can provide
years of enjoyment. A well-designed trail will save time and money over the long term and
minimize future trail maintenance (McPeake et al., 2011).
The TDP is a scalable process, suitable for the development of a local trail for a small
community (State of Western Australia, 2019). The study adapted this process and implemented
steps 1-5 as specified in table 1.

Table 1
Trail Development Steps
Stage/Step Outcome

Trail Proposal A trail development proposal will be developed supported by identified stakeholders. It
involves the identification of suitable areas for consideration
Framework A project outline developed by the steering group (stakeholders), including: project
objectives, potential project management model, stakeholders, roles, target market,
requirements and strategies.
Site Assessment Broad-scale study of the area and identification of opportunities, constraints and
characteristics such as soil types, vegetation etc.
Concept Planning Identification of opportunities and conceptual trail plan, including walking trail maps
and infrastructure requirements.
Evaluation Detailed assessment of trail maps for use in determining the final trail. Validation with
stakeholders will be conducted.
Note: This process was adapted from the model produced by the Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and
Attractions in 2019, from Trails Development Series, Part A: A Guide to the Trail Development Process, a joint
publication by the Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions and the Department of Local
Government, Sport and Cultural Industries. Source: State of Western Australia (2019).

Table 1 shows the trail development steps implemented in the study which includes, trail
proposal, framework, site assessment, concept planning, and evaluation. These are necessary
steps that enabled the identification and evaluation of the trails for the tour trek package.
30 | International Journal of Academe and Industry Research, Volume 3 Issue 4

3. Methodology
The data collection technique was directed by the trail development process and defined
objectives. The researcher evaluated the location to determine the tourist components and
conducted a meeting with stakeholders to determine which potential trails to consider. To assess
future tourist demands, a visitor preferences survey was conducted. Using the established
criteria, the trails that were considered were identified and mapped. The sites were assessed in
order to determine the potential trails and propose tour trek packages. Stakeholder validation
was also carried out. A series of mock tours were conducted to create the suitable tour trek
itinerary. Selected government employees, tourism practitioners and faculty evaluated the
proposed itineraries. An itinerary was developedand pilot-tested for evaluation.
The respondents of the study were the stakeholders in Sagñay, Camarines Sur. Random
Sampling technique was used in the study. Percentage Technique and weighted mean were used
to analyze the data gathered. The primary sources of data are the on-site visitors, previous
visitors, local residents, tourism experts and LGU officials.

4. Results and Discussion

4.1. Local community perception on potential tourism development

The local community’s perception towards tourism development is an important factor

to achieve sustainability. Different cultures and customs exist in different societies which are
affected by tourism development. Local communities in developing nations are required to
engage in and manage tourist activities. The mixed perception about the tourism development in
the study area reflects that direct benefits through tourism hold positive perception and attitudes
while those who have not received any tangiblebenefits hold negative attitudes about the tourism
development.

Table 2 shows the perception of the local community towards tourism development in
the area. Local residents strongly agree that more people in the community should be involved in
tourism. They also perceive that their family's income and quality of life would increase if
tourists were attracted to explore the area's services and activities. They also think that
infrastructure in the local area would improve because of tourism (i.e. roads, sewage systems,
 ISSN 2719-0617 (Print) 2719-0625 (Online) | 31

wells, bridges.) and that decisions about how much and what kind of tourism should be
developed are best left to the residents of the area.
Table 2

Community Perception towards Tourism Development

WM
Statements VI
(n=150)
1. Tourism makes local people feel proud about their culture. 3.95 Agree
2. Tourism helps the villagers better appreciate their community. 3.91 Agree
3. Tourism would take away our natural resources such as land, food, water, and
1.87 Disagree
wood.
4. Tourism would bring increased crime to the area. 2.01 Disagree
5. Tourism development would increase protection of natural areas. 4.11 Agree
6. More people in this community should be involved in tourism. 4.6 Strongly Agree
7. Tourists would crowd local residents out of recreational spots. 2.04 Disagree
8. My family's income and quality of life would increase if tourists were attracted
4.52 Strongly Agree
to explore this area's services and activities.
9. The infrastructure in the local area would improve because of tourism (i.e. roads,
4.45 Strongly Agree
sewage systems, wells, bridges.)
10. The current rules used in managing the resources in the area are adequate. 3.81 Agree
11. Rules and regulations regarding resource use need to be drafted. 3.95 Agree
12. The community needs to monitor forest and marine resource use. 4.49 Agree
13. We should take steps to restrict tourism development. 2.81 Undecided
14. Decisions about how much and what kind of tourism we should have are best
4.55 Strongly Agree
left to the residents of the area.
15. Decisions about how much and what kind of tourism we should have are best
3.62 Agree
left to the private sector (i.e, entrepreneurs, non-profit organizations).

The respondents perceive that tourism development in the area can be a tool to help the
community through improved livelihood, environmental protection, and cultural appreciation.
However, the respondents disagree that there will be increased crimes and competition of
resources among the locals and visitors. Respondents agree that the local community should
be involved in the decision-making process when it comes to policy formulation. This shows
that the local community recognizes the value of tourism development in the area, as well as
the need for participation from all stakeholders. As a result, community involvement might be
used tohelp regulate tourism in the area.
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4.2. Inventory of Tourism Products in Sagñay, Camarines Sur

The tourist product is the sum of a tourist's physical and psychological experiences when
visiting a destination. It is a composite product, consisting of a collection of services such as
tourist attractions, transportation, accommodation, and entertainment that provide visitor
satisfaction. Each aspect is supplied by individual service providers. The potential attractions and
activities in Sagñay, Camarines Sur varies from natural, cultural, and man-made. Table 3 shows
the inventory of existing and potential tourism products, location, approximate distance from the
information center and activities in the site.

Table 3
Inventory of Tourism Products
Approximated Distance
Tourism products Location from the Tourist Activities
Information Center
Nature-based attractions
1. Patitinan White Beach Patitinan 15.1 km Swimming, Sightseeing, Camping

2. Sibaguan Falls Sibaguan 6 km Swimming, Trekking

3. Coyaoyao Falls Coyaoyao 9 km Swimming, Trekking

4. Sto. Niňo Beach Sto. Nino 6.7 km Swimming

5. Atulayan Island Atulayan 7.4 km Swimming, Diving, Camping

6. Atulayan Fish Sanctuary Atulayan 7.4 km Swimming, Diving, Camping

Cultural/Historical Attractions
1. St. Andrew the Apostle Church Sagňay 400 m. Sightseeing

2. Guipao Festival Sagňay n/a Sightseeing, Music Fest

3. Baybayon Festival Sagňay n/a Sightseeing, Music Fest

4. Pasko sa Sagňay Sagňay n/a Sightseeing, Music Fest

Man-made Attractions
1. Patitinan Rest House/RestArea Sagňay 18 km Sightseeing

2. Partido Riviera Sagňay 20.3 km Sightseeing

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a. Nature-based Attractions

Sagñay boasts nature-based attractions that can be developed and managed to draw
many visitors in the area. Nature-based attractions in Sagňay include Patitinan White beach,
Sibaguan Falls, Coyayoyao Falls, Sto. Niňo Beach, Atulayan Island, and Atulayan Fish
Sanctuary.

Figure 2

Patitinan White Beach

Patitinan White Beach (Figure 2) is a private resort found in Sagňay, Camarines Sur. Its
crystal blue waters meet the fine golden white sand while rocky formations can be found by the
shore. The place is silent where you can only hear the flowing waves with a lovely view of the
seascape. The site remains unspoiled and free from destructive infrastructure or extremely
damaging human activities.
The entrance of the resort is beside the main road where a Patitinan signage welcomes
visitors, along with its caretakers. The white beach is accessible through a 15-minute trek from
Patitinan's main road or a 15- minute boat journey from Bongalon port. Rental cottages and tree
huts are also available. The main recreational activities in the area are swimming and camping.
34 | International Journal of Academe and Industry Research, Volume 3 Issue 4

Figure 3
Sibaguan Falls

Source: http://tourism.sagnay.gov.ph/index.php/products-and-services

Sibaguan Falls (Figure 3) is a multi-tiered waterfall that is remote and relatively

undiscovered. It is accessible via an hour-and-a-half hike that includes three river crossings,
canyoneering, and climbing before arriving to a sequence of waterfalls. This attraction is suitable
to soft and hard adventure visitor groups. The journey from the main road is thrilling, and guests
can enjoy the fresh breeze as they walk through the forest. Its white water cascades down a series
of rocky outcrops, giving the effect of many waterfalls rather than just one. The rushing water
descends over a series of rocks as it reaches a deep plunge pool of cold water. The main
recreational activities include canyoneering, bouldering, swimming, and flora and fauna
appreciation.
Coyaoyao Falls (Figure 4) is another hidden attraction in Sagňay. From Sibaguan proper,
the waterfalls can be reached through a 25-minute trek with local guides. It is another unexplored
gem hidden among the lush trees in the area. The trek to Coyaoyao Falls is easy and requires
minimal effort.
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Figure 4

Coyaoyao Falls

The area’s greenery and peaceful atmosphere is worth the trek while its fresh water is
best for swimming. The waterfall flowed smoothly to the wide plunge pool at the bottom which
is varnish clear. The site is good for swimming, picnics, and flora and fauna appreciation.

Figure 5

Sto Niňo Beach, Sto. Niňo

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Visitors may experience local traditions and cuisine through the numerous locally-owned
food establishments offering local food and delicacies in the site. Cottages and room
accommodations are also available in private resorts along the shoreline. Community immersion
is also a must-experience activity. Locals are known to be hospitable and fun-loving.

Figure 6 Figure 7

View of Atulayan Island from the mainland Atulayan island beachfront

Atulayan Island (Figures 6 & 7) is noted as a pristine white sand island whose name
was based on the local dialect for snail, atol. From afar, it is considerably a snail-shaped
island. A 20-minute boat ride from Nato Wharf will lead to the soothing crystal clear waters.
Friendly locals will welcome you with genuine Filipino hospitality. It is the most visited
tourist attraction in Sagňay.
The island boasts diverse marine life attracting visitors year-round. Atulayan is pleasant
for swimming and for family recreation as well. Tourists may also enjoy climbing the 220 steps
at the Wonder Stairs which lead to the relaxing view of Atulayan Hill Top (Rediscover Sagñay,
2018). Visitors may also trek and enjoy the diverse flora and fauna. Cottages and room
accommodations are available for visitors. Camping is also allowed in the area provided that
there is LGU coordination since it is managed by the local community. Atulayan Island is a
competitive attraction in the area.
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Figure 8

Atulayan Fish Sanctuary

Another interesting attraction in Atulayan Island is the Atulayan Fish Sanctuary (Figure
8). It is a marine protected area that contains abundant species of fish, corals and different
underwater life. The fish sanctuary is maintained by the local government of Sagňay and
supported by the local community manifested by the continuous protection of the place. Through
the years, there is little or no trace of environmental exploitation in the area.
Diving is a must-experience activity guided by local professional and registered divers
upon request, A notable practice in the area is the continuous environmental awareness drive and
monitoring conducted by the local government unit to educated locals of the important practices
to protect and preserve the sanctuary.

b. Cultural Attractions and Events

Visitors can see and experience mankind's physical and intellectual creations at cultural
places. Cultureencompasses everything created by humans in its broadest meaning; nonetheless,
certain achievements leave a stronger effect than others. Sagňay is also known for festive and
colorful celebrations commemorating feast days and the home one of the oldest church in the
area. The local people are known to be pious and hospitable. Many visitors participate in
38 | International Journal of Academe and Industry Research, Volume 3 Issue 4

festivals, feast days and other activities. There are also groups of indigenous people in some
parts of the municipality. The previous table (Table 3) lists Cultural Attractions and Events, its
location, approximate distance from the information center and activities.

Figure 9

Baybayon Festival ladies

Baybayon Festival is the most famous festival in the town. The festival aims to promote
the tourism industry in Sagňay through a 3-day celebration along the coastal are. Activities
include concerts, competitions, local trade fair and other activities depicting abundance and
thanksgiving. There are also varied activities encouraging the youth to engage in sports and
arts.

Baybayon Festival is celebrated annually during the summer season at Baybayon Site,
Sto. Niňo, Sagňay, Camarines Sur. The Baybayon site (Figure 10) has been an attraction since
the festival started in 2005.It has been the center location for activities and business expos.
 ISSN 2719-0617 (Print) 2719-0625 (Online) | 39

Figure 10

Baybayon Site

The festival also includes beauty pageants, beach disco, ballroom dancing, beach sports
competition, bikini open, concerts, colorful float parades and other related activities. Many people
from neighboring towns visit Sagňay during the conduct of this festival. In fact, one of the major
highlight is the annual appearance of celebrities and performers in the festival. Among the guests
include famous Filipino groups like Ben & Ben, Parokya ni Edgar, Kamikazee and many others.

Figure 11

Street Dancing Competition

40 | International Journal of Academe and Industry Research, Volume 3 Issue 4

Guipao Festival is the celebration of Sagňay’s town fiesta. The festival includes colorful
and joyous activities like street dance, parades, cooking contests, novenary mass and fireworks.
Visitors flock the town to witness the grand display of costumes and props during street dancing
competitions while commemoratingthe town’s patron saint.

Locals open their homes to offer sumptuous meals to guests. These strengthen the bond
among the local people and neighboring towns. Despite the changes brought by the modern
times, the local traditions continue to flourish and exhibited in festivals and other activities in
the town.

The Local Government Unit of Sagnay initiates sustainable tourism activities to

promote environmental protection. Mangrove Panting and Coastal Clean-up are one of the
major activities joined by the locals and different organizations. There is also a Business and
Tourism Sector activity in support to small businesses and tourism enterprises. The LGU also
recognizes e-sports as a way to prevent the youth from engaging in drugs through the Mobile
Legends Tournament.

Figure 13

Locally-made lanterns on display at the town plaza

 ISSN 2719-0617 (Print) 2719-0625 (Online) | 41

Christmas is an annual highlight in the Philippines which explains the annual festive
celebration of Pasko sa Sagňay. It is the celebration of Christmas which commemorates the
birth of Jesus. One of the highlights of the event is the giant Christmas tree displayed in the
town plaza, adorned with locally-made lanterns. Different themes are chosen each year. The
local tourism office aims to attract visitors and supportssmall businesses though this project.

Figure 13

St Andrew the Apostle Church

Source: http://tourism.sagnay.gov.ph/index.php/products-and-services

St. Andrew the Apostle Church (Figure 13) is one of the oldest churches in the region.
Many people are fascinated by the more than 300 years old church found at the town center. The
first parish priest was Fr. Pedro Perona. He built the wooden church under the Patronage of the
St. Andrew the Apostle, thus making November 30 as its town fiesta.

In the year 1685 to 1687, Fr. Serafin Terren, built a new rectory, which was destroyed by
a typhoon. Fr. Frutos Garcia, built the church of stone and wood where the foundation of which
still s tand today to testify to the dedicated efforts of the First Spanish Missionaries. The secular
clergy played the most part in the making of the present church endure through the centuries,
thus making the church a perfect monument of a rich cultural past. Fr. Mariano Calvo finished its
walls and floor of nipa. It was Fr. Lope Delgado who covered it with galvanized iron in 1888.
42 | International Journal of Academe and Industry Research, Volume 3 Issue 4

Found at the town center, the stone church attracts visitors with its architectural design and rich
history. It is an iconic attraction and place of worship at the town center.

c. Man-made Attractions

Man-made attractions are described as human-made attractions with the goal of leaving a
lasting impression. Among the interesting man-made attractions in Sagňay is the Patitinan Rest
House or Rest Area and the Partido Riviera viewing deck. TAs shown in Table 3, the following
are the man-made attractions in Sagňay.

Figure 14

Patitinan Rest House/Rest Area

Patitinan road connects Partido Area and Tiwi, Albay. Many motorists and travelers pass
the area since it is the faster way to Tiwi, Albay and other neighboring towns. Thus, the Patitinan
Rest Area (Figure 14), also called Patitinan Rest House is a joint project of the Local
Government Unit of Sagňay and the Department of Tourism to support the livelihood of the local
resdents in the area.

The Patitinan Rest House/Rest Area provides basic sanitation facilities with complete
bathrooms and shower rooms. There is a designated area for dining and relaxation while
enjoying the seascapes and the overlooking view of the Atlayan Island. Locals also sell local
 ISSN 2719-0617 (Print) 2719-0625 (Online) | 43

products and food. One of the famous local products in the area is the woven abaca blankets
created by locals and Indigenous Peoples group.

Figure 15

Partido Riviera

An approximately 25-minute drive from the town proper of Sagňay, picturesque views
can be seen along the winding road of Patitinan that geographically connects Sagňay, Camarines
Sur and Twi, Albay. Partido Riviera (Figure 15), Pride of Patitinan, is the one of the most visited
site in the area. Tourists usually have their stopover in order to enjoy the beauty of nature
overlooking the wide view of the Lagonoy Gulf. It is just a few minutes from the Patitinan Rest
Area where complete facilities waits for those who want to take a break from road travel.

4.3. Community-Managed Tour Trek

Community-based tourism is a type of tourism in which tourists are invited into local
communities to learn about their culture and daily lives. It is a type of sustainable tourism that
allows visitors to build deep bonds with the communities they visit. Visitors can meet with the
local people, learn about the diversity and customs of another region and consider homestays,
farm visits, group cooking and crafting, storytelling, village excursions, and other activities that
provide insight into their daily lives.
44 | International Journal of Academe and Industry Research, Volume 3 Issue 4

Figure 16

Tourist Map of Sagñay, Camarines Sur

Source: http://tourism.sagnay.gov.ph/index.php/products-and-services

The local tourism office headed by Ms. Cathe Ortinero believes that Sagñay has great
potential as a tourist destination. The LGU recognizes tourism as an important tool to boost their
economy. One of the initial steps conducted by the local government unit was the identification
of tourist attractions in the area. A map (Figure 16) was developed to highlight points of interest
in the town. Based on the identified potential tourist attractions and activities in Sagñay, a
community-managed tour trek was developed by the researcher in consultation with the tourism
officer. Attractions and activities included in the proposed tour treks were also based on the
 ISSN 2719-0617 (Print) 2719-0625 (Online) | 45

survey conducted in the municipality. The following are the proposed tour trek developed by the
researcher and approved by the local tourism officer.

Figure 17

Day Tour Package A

The Sample Package Tour A shown in Figure 17 is a sightseeing day tour along the
Sibaguan, Patitinan and Nato. It showcases the magnificent Sibaguan Falls, Patitinan Rest area
and Nato Beach. Visitors will participate in a cultural walk that includes an adventure trek to the
multi-tiered Sibaguan waterfalls, interaction with locals, shopping of local woven products,
beautiful seascapes from viewing decks, and the relaxing aura of Nato Beach while dining in
local food establishments of their choice.
46 | International Journal of Academe and Industry Research, Volume 3 Issue 4

Creating a positive interaction between locals and tourists is one of the most important
aspects of attaining and maintaining sustainable tourism development in a region. Tourists'
experiences and perceptions of the visited destination, as well as residents' acceptance and
tolerance of tourists, are influenced by the quality of interaction between tourists and residents
(Armenski et al., 2011).

Figure 18

Day Tour Package B

The Day Package Tour B shown in Figure 18 is an adventurous escapade to Patitinan

Beach, Partido Riviera, Sibaguan Falls and Nato Baeach. Visitors will experience a 15-minute
boat ride from Bongalon Port to Patitinan White beach, guided trek to Sibaguan Falls and local
immersion at Nato Beach to end the day while relaxing and dining at sunset. This tour package is
for the adventurous types who want to engage in trekking, swimming, and social interaction. The
 ISSN 2719-0617 (Print) 2719-0625 (Online) | 47

highest level of interaction between locals and visitors is the formation of a desire to share
knowledge and experience.

Figure 19

Overnight Tour Package

48 | International Journal of Academe and Industry Research, Volume 3 Issue 4

The Overnight Tour Package shown in Figure 19 highlights the beauty of the most-
visited sites in Sagnay and the importance of social interaction and cultural understanding to
improve the quality of relationships between locals and visitors. Visitors will trek to Sibaguan
Falls, experience local hospitality at Patitinan Rest Area, appreciate the overlooking view of
seascapes at Partido Riviera, dine in different local food establishment and relax while watching
the sunset at Nato Beach, and be amazed by the amazing waters and views of Atulayan Island.

Community-managed tourism provides for more interaction with local inhabitants while
also providing better economic and environmental benefits. Developing a tour package that
encourages meaningful interaction among locals and visitors promote better sustainable tourism
practices and multi-cultural understanding. Involving the community empowers the local people.
It may also inspire them to contribute to the protection of their local area since they are part of
the decision-making process.

On the other hand, the researcher also developed a Tri-fold Information Sheet for
potential visitors. Figure 20 and 21 show the Tri-fold Information Sheet of Sagňay, Camarines
Sur. The Information sheet highlights the attractions in the area and the map developed by the
local government. It also emphasized the municipality’s tourism tagline, “Rediscover Sagňay”.
The information sheet also includes information about the destination, tourism enterprises and
recommended food establishments, important contact numbers and a sample tour package. The
information sheet is developed to help visitors have access to important information before and
during their visit.

In addition, various characteristics of tourist satisfaction were linked to availability of

information. Tourists like settings where information is accurate and timely, where services are
adequate, and where visitors are treated with respect (Tavares, Otaviano, & Madhuri, 2018).
Accessible destination information is important in attracting visitors. Thus, the information
brochure was developed.
International Journal of Academe and Industry Research
Volume 3 Issue 4 December 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53378/352934

Figure 20
Tri-fold Information Sheet of Sagňay, Camarines Sur (Page 1)

© The author (s). Published by Institute of Industry and Academic Research Incorporated.
This is an open-access article published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license, which grants anyone to reproduce, redistribute and
transform, commercially or non-commercially, with proper attribution. Read full license details here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
50 | International Journal of Academe and Industry Research, Volume 3 Issue 4

Figure 21

Tri-fold Information Sheet of Sagňay, Camarines Sur (Page 2)

International Journal of Academe and Industry Research
Volume 3 Issue 4 December 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53378/352934

4.4. Evaluation of the Community-Managed Tour Trek

The site assessment, tourism products inventory identification of trails, and mock tours
led to the proposal of tour trek packages. The pilot test was conducted with participants including
tourism professionals, tourism graduates, individuals who completed the Tour Guiding Course
and the tourism officer of Sagnay, Camarines Sur. The tourist attractions visited were based on
the previous mock tours conducted. The participants rated the itinerary based on the distributed
questionnaire.

Community service providers and establishments were tapped for the pilot test. However,
there were very few who committed to provide services on-call depending in the offered
itinerary. The researcher observed that though there are many local food establishments, most of
them are not ready to provide service outside store dining premises. Transport vehicles are also
limited and rented vehicles are advisable.

Figure 22

Customer Service Training at Sagňay via SACTODEV Program

© The author (s). Published by Institute of Industry and Academic Research Incorporated.
This is an open-access article published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license,
which grants anyone to reproduce, redistribute and transform, commercially or non-commercially, with
proper attribution. Read full license details here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
52 | International Journal of Academe and Industry Research, Volume 3 Issue 4

On the other hand, there are many beneficiaries of the training for tour guiding conducted
by the Local Government Unit and various tourism services trainings like first-aid, basic water
survival, customer service, tour guiding, conducted by the Partido State University SACTODEV
Program (Figure 22). Based on the conducted pilot test, an evaluation was conducted using the
aspects indicated in the questionnaire (See Appendices). The first part aimed to assess the visitor
experience and the second part aimed to evaluate the specific aspects of the tour which includes
amenities, attractions, activities, tour staff and tour itinerary. Each aspect includes different
indicators to evaluate the tour trek. The evaluators include tourism professionals, tourism
graduates and individuals who completed the Tour Guiding Course.

Table 5

Evaluation Results of the Community-Managed Tour Trek

WM
Indicators VI
(n=10)
Accessibility of the Site
The transport and transport infrastructure to reach the destination and at the destination.
1. Travel time between attractions. 4.3 Very Good
2. Safety of transportation vehicle. 5 Excellent
3. Comfortable transportation vehicle. 4.7 Excellent
4. Road condition from the National Road. 4.7 Excellent
5. Information signage 3.6 Very Good
6. Safety signage 3.7 Very Good
Amenities on the Site
Facilities available at the destination which help in meeting the needs and wants of tourists.
1. Food and beverage facilities. 3.7 Very Good
2. Souvenir outlet. 3.6 Very Good
3. Communication network. 2.6 Good
4. Public restrooms 4.3 Very Good
5. Garbage disposal system. 3.6 Very Good
6. Water supply (stand-alone water points/ piped water source) 3.8 Very Good
7. Power supply 3.5 Good
Attractions on the Site
Points of interests visited (natural, man-made, cultural, and social attractions.)
1. Natural attractions: beaches, scenic views, waterfalls 4.7 Excellent
2. Man-made attractions: view deck, rest house, church 4.3 Very Good
3. Cultural attractions: cultural dance, local art 1.7 Fair
 ISSN 2719-0617 (Print) 2719-0625 (Online) | 53

4. Social attractions: interaction with locals 4.4 Very Good

Activities on the Site
Activities available in the destination.
1. swimming 5 Excellent
2. trekking 4.4 Very Good
3. souvenir shopping 3.4 Good
4. sightseeing 4.6 Excellent
5. flora and fauna appreciation 3.6 Very Good
Tour Staff during the tour
Personnel in-charge of the tour services.
1. Driver 5 Excellent
1.1 handling of vehicle in motion 5 Excellent
1.2 braking and slowing 5 Excellent
1.3 compliance to traffic rules 5 Excellent
1.4 appropriate clothing 5 Excellent
1.5 courtesy 5 Excellent
2. Tour guide 5 Excellent
2.1 presentation style 5 Excellent
2.2 knowledge of information 5 Excellent
2.3 ability to answer questions 5 Excellent
2.4 appropriate clothing 5 Excellent
2.5 courtesy 5 Excellent
Tour Itinerary during the tour
Plan of the journey including the routes to places of interest.
1. combination of transport and tourist routes 4.9 Excellent
2. proximity of attractions 4.1 Very Good
3. time allotted for each attraction/ places of interest 4.3 Very Good
4. appropriateness of schedule 4.7 Excellent

The Day Package Tour B shown in Figure 18 is an adventurous escapade to Patitinan

Beach, Partido Riviera, Sibaguan Falls and Nato Baeach. Visitors experienced a 15-minute boat
ride from Bongalon Port to Patitinan White beach, guided trek to Sibaguan Falls and local
immersion at Nato Beach to end the day while relaxing and dining at sunset. This tour package is
for the adventurous types who want to engage in trekking, swimming, and social interaction.
Table 5 shows the evaluation results of the respondents on the community-managed tour trek
which includes the following aspects:
54 | International Journal of Academe and Industry Research, Volume 3 Issue 4

a. Accessibility of the Site

One of the important aspects of tourism development is accessibility. Accessibility

pertains to the transport and transport infrastructure to reach the destination and the mode of
transfers while staying in the destination. Table 5 shows that the safety and comfort of
transportation vehicle is excellent as well as the road condition. Based on the evaluation, the
information and safety signage are very good. While the safety and comfort of transportation
vehicle, and the road condition were rated as excellent. Thus, Sagňay is an accessible tourist
destination for potential visitors.

b. Amenities on the Site

Amenities are also essential elements within the destination. It includes the facilities
available at the destination which help in meeting the needs and wants of tourists. These facilities
are purpose-built around the needs and wants of the potential visitors from targeted segments in
quantities identified by market feasibility studies. Table 5 shows that the food and beverage
services, souvenir outlet, public restrooms, garbage disposal system and water supply were rated
very good. While, the communication network and power supply are also good. This implies that
while amenities are very good, there are rooms for improvement to better serve the visitors.

c. Attractions on the Site

Attractions are considered to be the pull factor in destinations. They provide enjoyment
and education as well as fulfil recreation and leisure necessities. Attractions refer to the points of
interests visited like natural, man-made, cultural, and social attractions. The attractions visited as
indicated in Figure 18 includes Patitinan Beach, Partido Riviera, Sibaguan Falls and Nato
Baeach. Visitors experienced a 15-minute boat ride from Bongalon Port to Patitinan White
beach, guided trek to Sibaguan Falls and local immersion at Nato Beach to end the day while
relaxing and dining at sunset. Table 5 shows that the respondents rated the natural attractions as
excellent, man-made and social attractions as good and cultural attractions as fair. This implies
that natural, man-made and social attractions are the strong points of the destination.

d. Activities on the Site

Activities available in the destination vary depending on the destination characteristics. It

ranges from soft activities where visitors exert less effort in doing such too hard activities
 ISSN 2719-0617 (Print) 2719-0625 (Online) | 55

wherein visitors engage in strenuous effort. Available activities are also important attributes that
attract visitors. As shown in Table 5, swimming is the excellent activity in the area. Sightseeing
is also rated excellent, while trekking and flora and fauna appreciation is rated as very good.
Souvenir shopping is rated as good. This implies that the available range of activities in the area
is suitable for visitors.

e. Tour Staff during the tour

Another important factor for visitor experience is the personnel in-charge of the tour
services. The service providers have an impact on how the visitors will perceive the place.
Tourism and travel-related services includes services provided by accommodation and food and
beverage establishments (including catering), travel agencies and tour operator services, tourist
guide services and other related services. Table 5 shows that the respondents rated the tour staff
as excellent. The tour staff rated in the tour are the driver and tour guide.

In Sagňay, tourism service providers are emerging. In fact, there were trainings
conducted to train the local people as part of the service providers in the area. They also have
partnership with the Department of Trade and Industry, Department of Tourism, and Partido
State University in conducting capacity-building trainings.

f. Tour Itinerary during the tour

Tour operators plan a tour and make tour itinerary which contains the identification of the
origin, destination and all the places of interests in a traveler’s tours. A potential tour operator
may also advise travelers on various types of tour programs that they might use for their pleasure
or business travel. The tour itinerary is the plan of the journey including the routes to places of
interest. It includes the consecutive list of places and activities in a certain tourist destination to
be visited.

Table 5 shows that the respondents rated the tour itinerary as excellent in terms of the
combination of transport and tourist routes and appropriateness of schedule. The respondents
rated the proximity if attractions and time allotted for each attraction/ places of interest as very
good.
56 | International Journal of Academe and Industry Research, Volume 3 Issue 4

5. Conclusion

The role of community residents in tourism destinations are important in the realization
of tourism products and services, yet a constant influx of visitors can have both positive and
negative implications on the residents, the results of which can impact the delivery of services
and popularity of the destinations (Franzidis & Yau, 2018). As the study explores community
perception on tourism development, the local community perceives that tourism development in
the area can be a tool to improve the community through improved livelihood, environmental
protection, and cultural appreciation. In terms of policy development, the respondents believe
that the local community must take part in decision-making. This implies that the local
community recognizes the importance of tourism development in the area and the need for
participation of all the stakeholders. Thus, community involvement is a key factor for
sustainability of tourism management in the Sagňay.

There are various attractions and activities in Sagñay, Camarines Sur that attracts many
visitors in the area. Most of them are not yet developed and introduced to the public. Each
attraction seems to be unrelated instead of complementary. The researcher developed a tour trek
that was evaluated and found appropriate for the area. There is a need for a bottom-up approach
to ensure that the host community is prepared to accept visitors in the area. The Local
Government Unit of Sagňay may implement a sustainable program in tourism and involve the
local people in decision-making. Before introducing activities and attractions, there should be
proper planning to ensure meaningful visitor experiences. An enhanced visitor experience
program can be developed to ensure repeat visits and attract new visitors.

A community-managed tour trek is suitable in the area but there are limited service
providers and locals that are willing to engage in tourism services or provide service outside their
store premises. There were conducted trainings for capacity-building but there is no specific
sustainable livelihood program that would guide the local community. Therefore, there should be
a specific tourism livelihood program to empower and encourage the local people to engage in
providing tourism services. The strong commitment among the local community and the local
government is vital to assure the successful management of the proposed community-managed
tour trek. Tourism development must be seen as an economic multiplier rather than just a
 ISSN 2719-0617 (Print) 2719-0625 (Online) | 57

seasonal business venture. This is possible if there is private and public partnership in the
community to realize the recommended community-managed tour treks.

This study contains new insights on community-managed tourism initiatives that may
have substantial impact to the local community in partnership with the local government.
Community participation is a major success factor in tourism development. Many countries and
programs have exhibited the benefits of involving and empowering the local community in
tourism development. Community-managed tourism allows visitors to learn about local
environments while also honoring and respecting indigenous cultures, rituals, and knowledge.
The community will be aware of the commercial and social value placed on its natural and
cultural heritage as a result of tourism, which will encourage community-based resource
conservation.

6. Acknowledgement

This research was funded by the Partido State University and supported by the Local
Government Unit of Sagñay.

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