PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI BERBASIS WEB UNTUK MEMONITORING

PERUBAHAN PENGETAHUAN LANSIA TENTANG

PEMELIHARAAN KESEHATAN GIGI

USE OF A WEB-BASED APPLICATION FOR MONITORING CHANGES IN

ELDERLY KNOWLEDGE ON ORAL HEALTH MAINTENANCE

Badai Septa Wahyudadi1 Endah Aryati Eko Ningtyas2 Benni Benyamin3 Umi Puji Rahayu4 Kholifah Nur Ijazati5
1
Dental Health Department, Poltekkes Kemenkes Makassar, Indonesia
2,4,&5
Postgraduate, Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang, Indonesia
3
Faculty of Dentistry, Sultan Agung University, Indonesia

Corresponding author: Endah Aryati Eko Ningtyas

Email: [email protected]

Received: written by editor; Revised: written by editor; Accepted: written by editor

(date of submission, 10pt)

ABSTRACT
Abstract-Background: The results of the Basic Health Research (2018) stated that the Indonesian
population with oral problems aged 55-64 years was 61.9% and aged> 65 years was 54.2%. Some
changes in teeth and oral cavity that are often found in the elderly are tooth loss which results in impaired
food digestion, pain / pain in the teeth due to periodontal tissue and root caries, reduced vertical
dimensions of artificial teeth, gingivitis and various other abnormalities. It is hoped that after being given
oral health education through an innovation program in the form of a stroke elderly companion link or
what is called “LIPSIAS” can increase the knowledge of stroke elderly on how to maintain their oral
health through the help of a companion so that it can have a good influence on their dental hygiene.
Research Objectives: Producing a dental and oral health maintenance program through empowering
elderly companions in the form of the LIPSIAS Application as a medium for promoting oral health in the
Elderly Social Service Home. Methods: Using Quantitative methods with pre-experiment research design
(one group pretest and posttest design). The sampling technique was purposive sampling consisting of 14
elderly stroke at the Elderly Social Services Home. Results: The results of the statistical test showed P
value <0.05, meaning that there was a significant difference in the knowledge of dental and oral health
maintenance of stroke elderly before and after being given the LIPSIAS application intervention. Before
treatment, the average value of knowledge of stroke elderly was 4.07 (poor category) increased to 8 (good
category). Conclusion: The LIPSIAS application is effective in increasing the knowledge of stroke elderly
about how to maintain oral health through companion assistance.

Keywords: Elderly, Stroke, Dental health maintenance knowledge

Introduction stroke patients to experience limitations in moving

their bodies so that stroke patients have difficulty
Health is a state of good physical, mental, in carrying out activity daily living (ADL) [3]. One
spiritual, and social health that allows everyone to of them is limitations in oral hygiene care. With
live a productive life socially, and economically the limitations possessed by stroke patients, they
[1]. Elderly (elderly) any individual aged 60 years become dependent on the family so that in
or more physically looks different from other age performing oral hygiene care requires assistance
groups and is vulnerable to stroke [2]. from the family on an ongoing basis so that
Problems in stroke patients not only cause gradually stroke patients can still perform oral
death but also stroke is the main cause of disability hygiene care[4].
which results in decreased motor skills and causes
1
Copyright @2019 Authors, JURNAL KESEHATAN GIGI, e-ISSN 2621-3664, p-ISSN
2407-0866
 The results of the Basic Health Research (2018) dental and oral health will improve, thereby
stated that the Indonesian population with oral positively impacting their dental hygiene.
problems aged 55-64 years was 61.9% and aged
>65 years was 54.2%. In Central Java province Methods
there are 56.7% of the population who experience
dental and oral problems [5]. Dental problems that The method used in this study is a quantitative
often occur in Indonesia are cavities, missing or approach with a pre-experimental research design
extracted teeth, filled teeth, and loose teeth [6]. (one-group pretest and posttest design). The
The age group 55-64 years who experienced sampling technique is purposive sampling,
cavities amounted to 48.5%, missing or extracted consisting of 14 elderly stroke patients at the
teeth amounted to 29%, patched teeth amounted to Social Service Center.
4.2%, and unsteady teeth amounted to 15.9%, and
age >65 years who experienced cavities amounted The implementation of the activity went
to 38.6%, missing or extracted teeth amounted to through several stages, namely:
30.6%, patched teeth amounted to 3.1%, and a. Preparation Stage
unsteady teeth amounted to 15.5% [7]. Selection of population and samples,
The elderly often neglect oral hygiene and often preparation of research tools and materials
complain of dental pain such as loose teeth, such as research instruments, licensing, and
cavities or swollen gums. Elderly knowledge about division of duties of the research team.
oral health is one of the important factors affecting b. Implementation Stage
oral hygiene and health [8]. Some changes in teeth 1) Training for elderly companions in the use
and oral cavity that are often found in the elderly of the LIPSIAS application
are tooth loss which results in impaired food 2) Initial data collection of elderly stroke
digestion, pain / pain in the teeth due to periodontal knowledge Retrieval
tissue and root caries, reduced vertical dimensions c. Evaluation Stage
of artificial teeth, gingivitis and various other Taking the final data on the knowledge of
abnormalities [7]. Stroke Elderly related to how to maintain their
The enhancement of knowledge can be dental health.
achieved through counseling, where counseling
activities involve a two-way communication Results
process between the communicator (counselor) and
the communicant within an interaction. To achieve The study conducted at the Potroyudan Elderly
the goal of increasing knowledge and changing Social Service Center from October 23 to 30, 2023,
behavior, it is essential to choose an appropriate used the LIPSIAS “Elderly Stroke Companion
counseling method [9]. Link” website-based application as an aid to
An effort is needed to address the existing provide dental and oral health education to elderly
problem, namely improving knowledge about stroke patients. During the implementation, the
dental and oral health maintenance, which can be following data were obtained:
achieved through dental and oral health education A. Univariate Analysis
with the help of an assistant. Dental and oral health
education is a planned and directed effort to create Tabel 1 Data on the characteristics of elderly stroke
an environment where individuals or groups in the Variable N %
community are willing to change old behaviors Gender Male 8 57,1
that are less beneficial for their dental health into Female 6 42,9
more beneficial ones [10]. The goal of dental and Total 14 100
oral health education is to bring about behavioral Table 1 shows the frequency distribution data
changes, including knowledge, attitudes, and
of the characteristics of research subjects who are
actions that promote a healthy lifestyle[11].
It is hoped that after providing dental and oral male by 57.1% (8 people) and female by 42.9% (6
health education through an innovative program in people).
the form of a companion link for elderly stroke
patients, known as "LIPSIAS," the knowledge of B. Data Normality Test
elderly stroke patients on how to maintain their Tabel 2 Normality test of data score of knowledge of
oral health maintenance of stroke elderly people

2
Copyright @2019 Authors, JURNAL KESEHATAN GIGI, e-ISSN 2621-3664, p-ISSN
2407-0866
 Variable P-value of a routine oral health program at PPSLU Potroyudan
Pretest 0,048 0,048 Jepara. In accordance with the existing problems, the
Postest 0,002 0,002 LIPSIAS Program was created in the form of
empowering assistants by conducting training for
Based on table 2 shows the results of the
assistants so that they can provide education or
normality test of pretest and posttest data on counseling on how to maintain oral health such as
knowledge of oral health maintenance in stroke brushing teeth, the right time to brush teeth, good and
elderly obtained p value <0.05, meaning that the bad foods for elderly dental health using the LIPSIAS
data is not normally distributed so that the application which can be accessed via QR barcode
effectiveness test is analyzed using non-parametric scans.
tests. Naturally, humans will experience the aging process,
which is a decline in physiological and cognitive
C. Bivariate Analysis functions that can result in the vulnerability of
individuals to various health problems [15]. However,
Tabel 3 Results of the test for the difference in oral
not all changes in tissues, organs and systems are
health knowledge before and after the LIPSIAS
considered physiological. There are many factors that
application intervention
influence changes that are not part of aging in general
Knowledge N Mean P-value [16]. There are several physiological changes caused by
Pre test 14 4,07 0,001 aging and can cause disorders, including vision, hearing,
Post test 13 8 body temperature regulation, skin, cardiovascular
system, respiratory system, digestive system,
Table 3 shows that the test results using the genitourinary system, nervous system, and oral health.
Wilcoxon test obtained a p-value of 0.001 (p < The oral health condition of the elderly is generally poor
with an increase in tooth decay, gum disease, and tooth
0.05) so it can be concluded that there is a
loss [17].
significant difference in the knowledge of dental Improving oral health through effective early
and oral health maintenance of stroke elderly treatment can prevent gum disease and improve quality
before and after being given the LIPSIAS of life in old age [18]. The oral health status of the
application intervention. Before treatment, the elderly will be better along with good knowledge,
average value of knowledge of stroke elderly was attitudes, and behavior towards maintaining oral
4.07 which was included in the “less” category hygiene [19]. Preventive measures for oral and dental
increased to 8 which was included in the “good” diseases such as promotive efforts need to be given to
category the elderly. The intended promotive effort is to increase
knowledge about oral health in the elderly through
counseling. This is because one of the important factors
Discussion
affecting oral health in the elderly is knowledge about
oral health [4].
Research activities were carried out at the Potroyudan In elderly stroke patients who experience decreased
Jepara Elderly Social Service Home on October 23-27, mobility function, it can hinder daily activities so that
2023 with empowerment activities for stroke elderly stroke patients who have a level of dependence on
companions using the LIPSIAS application as an effort Activity daily living (ADL) have an effect on oral
to increase companion knowledge on how to maintain hygiene care, because if oral hygiene care is carried out
oral health of stroke elderly. with the help of a companion, it will help patients to be
Given the magnitude of the influence of behavior on able to perform oral hygiene care which will prevent
the degree of oral health, a special approach is needed in other dental and oral diseases [20].
shaping positive behavior towards dental health [12]. A
positive attitude will affect the intention to participate in
activities related to this and one's attitude is closely
related to the knowledge he receives, especially dental Conclusion
health [13]. Knowledge is the basis for the formation of
a behavior. A person is said to lack knowledge if he is The cause of the problem of low dental health status
unable to recognize and explain and analyze a situation. in the elderly is due to low knowledge of how to
If the level of knowledge is higher, dental health maintain oral health and oral health, causing a decrease
attention will be high and vice versa, if knowledge is in oral cavity function in the form of chewing ability
and swallowing ability. With the LIPSIAS innovation,
lacking dental care attention is also low [14].
there was an increase in the knowledge of the elderly
Based on the results of interviews with the Head of
from the criteria of 4.07 to 8.00, this proves that the
the Potroyudan Jepara Elderly Social Home in the
LIPSIAS application is effective in increasing the
problem identification process on October 03, 2023, it
knowledge of stroke elderly people about how to
was concluded that the low knowledge of Stroke Elderly
maintain oral health accompanied by a companion.
towards maintaining their dental health and the absence
3
Copyright @2019 Authors, JURNAL KESEHATAN GIGI, e-ISSN 2621-3664, p-ISSN
2407-0866
 For policy makers, the Potroyudan Elderly Social Lanjut Usia di Panti Pelayanan Lanjut Usia
Service Home is expected to be able to utilize the Wana Seraya Biaung Denpasar,” J.
LIPSIAS application as a guide in conducting oral Kesehat. Gigi, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 70, 2015,
health promotion in stroke elderly. doi: https://doi.org/10.33992/jkg.v3i2.521.
[9] D. I. Prayogo, A. Widyasari, N. Azizah,
References and F. Munaya, “Penyuluhan Kesehatan
tentang Perilaku Hidup Bersih,” Semin.
[1] S. D. Krisna Triyono and Y. K. Herdiyanto, Nas. Pengabdi. Masy. LP UMJ, pp. 1–7,
“Konsep Sehat Dan Sakit Pada Individu 2022, [Online]. Available:
Dengan Urolithiasis (Kencing Batu) Di https://jurnal.umj.ac.id/index.php/semnaska
Kabupaten Klungkung, Bali,” J. Psikol. t/article/download/14517/7598
Udayana, vol. 4, no. 02, p. 263, 2018, doi: [10] S. Sukarsih, A. Silfia, and A. Asio,
10.24843/jpu.2017.v04.i02.p04. “Edukasi Pemeliharaan Kesehatan Gigi
[2] D. R. Prima, A. A. Safirha, S. Nuraini, and Dan Mulut Pada Murid Sekolah Dasar,” J.
N. Maghfiroh, “Pemenuhan Kebutuhan BINAKES, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 60–69, 2022,
Lansia Terhadap Kualitas Hidup Lansia Di doi: 10.35910/binakes.v2i2.555.
Kelurahan Grogol Jakarta Barat,” J. [11] J. P. Kesehatan et al., “Screening Candida
Kebidanan, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2019, Albicans Penyebab Kandidiasis Oral Dan
doi: 10.35890/jkdh.v8i1.115. Edukasi Oral Hygiene Pada Lansia di Panti
[3] D. Widyastuti and Ayu, “Tingkat Sosial Tresna Werha Wana Seraya Bali,” J.
Ketergantungan Lansia Berdasarkan Usia Pengabdi. Kesehat., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 28–
Dan Jenis Kelamin Di Panti Sosial Trsena 40, 2020.
Werda Nirwana Puri Samarinda,” Borneo [12] S. Sulistiani, S. Wahyudi, and W.-
Nurs. J., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–15, 2019, Nurwanti, “Senam Wajah Terhadap
[Online]. Available: Kecepatan Aliran Saliva Pada Lansia
https://akperyarsismd.e-journal.id/BNJ Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Xerostomia,”
[4] I. Susanti, Anang, and E. Kamelia, JDHT J. Dent. Hyg. Ther., vol. 2, no. 2, pp.
“Pengaruh Asuhan Kesehatan Gigi Dan 58–61, 2021, doi: 10.36082/jdht.v2i2.337.
Mulut TerhadapPengetahuan Keluarga Dan [13] L. Prihastari, P. M. Siregar, R. I. Nur, S.
Oral Hygiene Pasien StrokeDi Ruang Mentari, and Z. Taftyanti, “Survey
Rawat Inap,” JDHT J. Dent. Hyg. Ther., Epidemiologi: Hubungan Antara Perilaku
vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 32–38, 2024, doi: Kesehatan Gigi Mulut Dengan Indeks Dmf-
10.36082/jdht.v5i1.1512. T Lansia Usia 45-65 Tahun Di Kecamatan
[5] Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Kronjo, Kabupaten Tanggerang,”
Indonesia, Laporan Nasional Riskesdas ODONTO Dent. J., vol. 4, no. 2, p. 101,
2018. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan 2017, doi: 10.30659/odj.4.2.101-107.
Pengembangan Kesehatan, 2019. [14] D. Sari, Sandra, Y. M. D. Arina, and T.
[6] N. E. Satuti, L. Aidannahar, Jumiati, Ermawati, “Hubungan Pengetahuan
Sukini, and N. Chibtiyah, “Promosi Kesehatan Gigi Mulut Dengan Status
Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut Lansia Melalui Kebersihan Rongga Mulut Pada Lansia,” J.
Aplikasi Asuhan Kesehatan Gigi dan IKESMAS, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 44–51, 2015.
Mulut,” J. Pengabdi. Masy. Kesehat. Gigi, [15] A. P. L. Girsang, R. Sulistyowati, and N. P.
vol. 1, no. April, pp. 14–16, 2023. Sulistyowati, Statistik Penduduk Lanjut
[7] M. Sari and N. F. Jannah, “Gambaran Usia 2022. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik,
Pengetahuan Kesehatan Gigi Mulut, 2022.
Perilaku Kesehatan Gigi Mulut, dan Status [16] C. López-Otín, M. A. Blasco, L. Partridge,
Gigi Lansia di Panti Wreda Surakarta,” J. M. Serrano, and G. Kroemer, “The
Surya Masy., vol. 3, no. 2, p. 86, 2021, doi: Hallmarks of Aging,” Cell, vol. 153, no. 6,
10.26714/jsm.3.2.2021.86-94. pp. 1194–1217, 2013, doi:
[8] N. Wayan Yuditami, N. Wayan Arini, I. 10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.039.
Nyoman Wirata, M. JKG Poltekkes [17] J. A. Gil-Montoya, A. L. F. de Mello, R.
Denpasar, and D. JKG Poltekkes Denpasar, Barrios, M. A. Gonzalez-Moles, and M.
“Hubungan Pengetahuan Tentang Bravo, “Oral health in the elderly patient
Pemeliharaan Kesehatan Gigi dan Mulut and its impact on general well-being: A
dengan Jumlah Gigi yang Berfungsi pada
4
Copyright @2019 Authors, JURNAL KESEHATAN GIGI, e-ISSN 2621-3664, p-ISSN
2407-0866
 nonsystematic review,” Clin. Interv. Aging,
vol. 10, pp. 461–467, 2015, doi:
10.2147/CIA.S54630.
[18] Ö. Gokturk and F. U. Yarkac, “Oral health-
related quality of life in elderly and young
patients with periodontal diseases,” Acta
Odontol. Turc., vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 28–34,
2021, doi: 10.17214/gaziaot.777153.
[19] N. J. Aritonang, Y. L. Siahaan, S.
Restuning, T. Sirait, and I. Supriyanto,
“Gambaran Gigi Yang Berjejal Dan Gigi
Tidak Berjejal Terhadap Karang Gigi Pada
Siswa Kelas Iv Dan V Sekolah Dasar,”
Dent. Ther. J., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 10–15,
2022, doi: 10.31965/dtj.v4i1.725.
[20] S. Cahyani, P. Azali, and M. Listrikawati,
“Gambaran Kebersihan Mulut pada Pasien
Stroke di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Teras
Boyolali,” vol. 88, pp. 1–15, 2023.

5
Copyright @2019 Authors, JURNAL KESEHATAN GIGI, e-ISSN 2621-3664, p-ISSN
2407-0866