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Economics and Public Policy Collection
Philip J. Romero and Jeffrey A. Edwards, Editors

A Primer on
Macroeconomics,
Volume II
Policies and
Perspectives
Second Edition

Thomas M. Beveridge
A Primer on
Macroeconomics, Volume II
A Primer on
Macroeconomics, Volume II
Policies and Perspectives

Second Edition

Thomas M. Beveridge
A Primer on Macroeconomics, Volume II: Policies and Perspectives
Copyright © Business Expert Press, LLC, 2018.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored

in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—
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First published in 2018 by

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 Abstract
Economics, far from being the “dismal science,” offers us valuable lessons
that can be applied to our everyday experiences. At its heart, economics
is the science of choice and a study of economic principles that allows us
to achieve a more informed understanding of how we make our choices,
regardless of whether these choices occur in our everyday life, in our work
environment, or at the national or international level.
The present two-volume text represents a commonsense approach
to basic macroeconomic principles. It is directed toward all students,
but particularly toward those within business school settings, including
students beginning an advanced business degree course of study. It will
deliver clear statements of essential economic principles, supported by
easy to understand examples, and uncluttered by extraneous material, the
goal being to provide a concise readable primer that covers the substance
of macroeconomic theory.
This volume uses a single unifying tool—aggregate demand and aggre­
gate supply analysis—to probe differing perspectives on macroeconomic
policies.

Keywords
aggregate price level, business cycle, comparative advantage, crowding-out
effect, demand and supply, deposit multiplier, economic growth, equilib-
rium, expenditure multiplier, fiscal and monetary policies, GDP, inflation
rate, international trade issues, opportunity cost, recession, stabilization,
unemployment rate
 Contents
Preface...................................................................................................ix
Acknowledgments....................................................................................xi
Chapter 5 Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply......................115
Chapter 6 The Government Sector.................................................157
Chapter 7 The Financial Sector.......................................................181
Chapter 8 The International Sector.................................................217
Chapter 9 Economic Growth and Lasting Lessons..........................247
About the Author.................................................................................267
Index..................................................................................................269
 Preface
This two-part Primer on Macroeconomics has been long in the writing. It
has been shaped by after-class discussions with students over many years
while we tried to break down economics into understandable concepts
and examples. A former student, Dr. Jeff Edwards, now Chairman of
the Economics Department at North Carolina A&T State University,
requested that I write an introductory text, and advised “Make it like your
lectures.”
No book, at least no book that I’m capable of writing, can capture
the immediacy and intimacy of a classroom environment but, equally, no
classroom environment permits the opportunity to dwell on detail quite
as effectively as the pages of a book. As with everything in economics,
there are trade-offs.
I’ve devised this Primer to help you to master the concepts in what
may to be your first, and perhaps only, economics course. I’ve given you
opportunities to apply these concepts in real-world situations. Most econ-
omists stress the need for competence in three major areas—the applica-
tion of economic concepts to real-world situations, the interpretation of
graphs, and the analysis of numerical problems. This Primer allows you to
develop and hone these important skills.
Throughout the text, I’ve attempted to maintain the sense of a
­dialogue—there are frequent “THINK IT THROUGH” pauses, with
which you can review and check your grasp of the topic under discussion
and relate it to real-world applications.
I hope that this book will ignite in you a passion for economics that
will blaze for a lifetime. Economics surrounds us—it fills the airwaves,
our daily lives, our hopes, and our dreams. Learning how to apply eco-
nomic concepts to our world creates a better and more durable under-
standing, and a reasonable goal for a noneconomics major is to have
sufficient insight to evaluate the economic content of articles in The Wall
Street Journal or The Economist or the views expressed by commentators
on CNN or Fox.
x PREFACE

This Primer has been written with the hope that, long after you have
turned the final page, you will retain a deeper understanding of the eco-
nomic issues that confront us and the tools to analyze the exciting and
challenging concerns that we all must address in our contemporary world.
My best wishes to you in your study of economics. You will find it
a rewarding and worthwhile experience, and I trust that this Primer will
stimulate you in your endeavors.
 Acknowledgments
Through the years, many students have asked me questions and, by doing
so, have given me deeper insights into the difficulties that arise when
economics is first approached. I am grateful to all of them. Much of the
material included in this book springs from such “after-class” discussions.
The efforts of reviewers Phil Romero and Jeff Edwards have added
greatly to the quality of the final product. A former student, Jonas Feit,
now thriving in Washington, DC, critiqued early drafts of the first e­ dition.
Scott Isenberg and Charlene Kronstedt provided stalwart s­upport. Rene
Caroline Balan of S4Carlisle Publishing Services deserves great credit for
keeping things moving smoothly by encouraging and cajoling. Denver
Harris was reliable in converting a misshapen poorly written ­first-edition
manuscript into an orderly text. Needless to say, any remaining lapsi
­calami are my responsibility.
This Primer is dedicated, with love, to the memory of my parents, to
my wife, Pamela, (a software instructor with Microsoft Certification), to
our son, Andrew (whose surprises are no longer shocks but delights), and
to the dogs and cats, and especially for Baby, for whom all lunches are free.

Thomas M. Beveridge
Hillsborough, North Carolina
 CHAPTER 5

Aggregate Demand
and Aggregate Supply

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

• Define aggregate demand and explain why the aggregate
demand curve has a negative slope.
• Identify seven factors that can shift the position of the
aggregate demand curve.
• Describe how aggregate demand is affected by fiscal and
monetary policy actions.
• Distinguish between the short run and the long run.
• Explain the slope and location of the long-run aggregate
supply curve.
• Explain the slope of the short-run aggregate supply curve and
its relationship to the long-run aggregate supply curve.
• Identify the factors that shift the long-run and short-run
aggregate supply curves.
• Explain how the economy achieves short-run equilibrium.
• Outline the operation of the self-correcting mechanism and its
relevance to the achievement of long-run equilibrium.
• Distinguish the beliefs of the Classical economists from those
of the Keynesians.
• Describe the role of the expenditure multiplier in the
macroeconomy.

In Volume I, we identified the major elements and models that econ-

omists use to study our world of choices—the chief being, of course,
demand and supply analysis. In this volume, we will dig deeper into these
116 A PRIMER ON MACROECONOMICS, VOLUME II

principles and use them to discover how policies and perspectives influ-
ence our economic well-being.
In this chapter you may gain some insights into yourself and your
own beliefs. Do you favor dealing with short-run problems as they arise
because “in the long run we’re all dead,” or do you subscribe to the view
that we should “stay the course,” not be distracted by short-term trou-
bles, and let long-term objectives dominate our actions? Each is a valid
­preference—there is no one-size-fits-all answer.
The great majority of car drivers believe that they are better drivers
than the great majority of car drivers! Each of us believes that we are
above average because each of us tends to overvalue those skills in which
we are most proficient and to discount those skills in which we are least
proficient. Fast drivers believe that the ability to drive fast reveals mastery,
whereas slow drivers believe that prudence and consideration for other
road users are the true mark of the “good” driver. We each have biases that
influence our perception of the world. So, too, with economics.
Chapter Preview: In Chapter 1 (Volume I) we discovered the ­benefits
of exchange and, later in Volume I, in Chapter 2, we elaborated that
analysis by developing the demand and supply model. Further, Chapters
3 and 4 have given us some of the measures used to monitor economic
performance. In this chapter we turn our attention to our main tool of
macroeconomic analysis—aggregate demand and aggregate supply, or the
ADAS model.

Aggregate Demand
In this section we define aggregate demand, outline the appearance of the
aggregate demand (AD) curve and the reasons for that appearance, and
consider the factors that can shift the position of the curve.
Aggregate demand is the total amount of intended spending on a
nation’s final goods and services by its households, firms, the government
sector, and foreigners. The aggregate demand curve depicts the nega-
tive relationship between the quantity of aggregate output (real GDP)
demanded and the aggregate price level (P) as shown in Figure 5.1.
We discussed real GDP (y) in Chapter 3 (Volume I), and the a­ ggregate
price level (P) in Chapter 4 (Volume I), but let us review. Real GDP is our
measure of aggregate output, measured in constant dollars. The a­ ggregate
 Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply 117

Aggregate price level

AD = C + I + G + (EX – IM)

0 Real GDP y
Figure 5.1 The aggregate demand curve

price level is our measure of the overall average price of goods and services,
as measured by the Consumer Price Index or the GDP price deflator.
Composition of Aggregate Demand: From Chapter 3 and the
Expenditure Approach to calculating GDP, recall that the demand for
goods and services is composed of expenditures by households (con-
sumption, C), businesses (investment, I), government (government
purchases, G), and foreigners (net exports, EX – IM). Aggregate demand,
then, is composed of these elements:

AD = C + I + G + (EX – IM)

What the AD curve isn’t. Although the AD curve looks very similar
to the demand curves we have seen in previous chapters, it is different in
significant ways—it’s not just a “big” demand curve.
Note that, on the vertical axis, “price” is the aggregate price level (P). In
the “demand for oranges” diagram, the price of one good (oranges) is on
the price axis—here, the aggregate price level is the price of all goods and
services in the macroeconomy. The distinction is important. In Chapter 2,
when we considered the behavior of quantity demanded in a single market
such as the market for oranges, we assumed that, if the price of oranges
were to rise, then all other factors would be held constant—the ceteris pari-
bus assumption. A change in the price of oranges would occur in isolation,
without changes in income, wealth, prices of other goods, and so on. If the
price of oranges were to rise, consumers would become less willing and less
able to buy oranges and a negative relationship between price and quantity
demanded would be revealed. The AD curve tells a different story.
118 A PRIMER ON MACROECONOMICS, VOLUME II

Comment: In a microeconomics course, two effects—the substitution

effect and the income effect—are identified as influencing the behavior of
consumers, and, since the AD curve looks like the demand curves we have
seen before, it is tempting to apply the same logic when wishing to explain
demand behavior. In this case, however, it is incorrect to extend the logic that
is applicable in one market to overall macro demand across many markets.
The ceteris paribus assumption does not apply at the macroeconomic
level because, as the aggregate price level rises, not all prices change in
the same direction or at the same rate and also because changing prices
reflect changing real spending power. If, as appears to be the case from
Figure 5.1, the AD curve has a negative slope, then different reasons will
have to be found to explain that slope.

The Slope of the Aggregate Demand Curve

We can identify three reasons for the aggregate demand curve’s negative
slope. In each case, we examine the effect on quantity demanded of an
increase in the aggregate price level. For practice, consider a decrease in
the aggregate price level and see if you can reverse the argument.

The Wealth Effect (Real Balance Effect)

An increase in the overall price level causes a decrease in household wealth.

Certainly, with higher prices, there is a decline in the real value of the
money balances of consumers (the dollars in one’s wallet and one’s other
assets that are fixed in money terms, such as the savings in a bank account)—
those dollars are worth less as the price level increases. In addition, other
­assets—such as the funds in one’s 401k or the value of one’s house—may fail
to keep pace with the overall rise in prices. If so, households become less well
off and, with less real wealth, overall consumption spending will decrease.
An increase in the aggregate price level reduces consumption spending.

The Real Interest Rate Effect

An increase in the overall price level means that there is a greater demand
for cash with which to finance transactions. An increase in the demand
for a product, such as oranges, causes an increase in the price of that
 Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply 119

good. In a similar way, an increase in the demand for money increases the
“price” of money. The interest rate is the “price” of money. Accordingly,
an increase in the aggregate price level would will cause the interest rate
(the real cost of borrowing) to increase. Because higher real interest rates
discourage borrowing by firms for investment projects and by households
for consumption expenditures, we should expect to see less investment
and consumption spending as the aggregate price level increases.
Comment: An alternative way to interpret this effect, with respect to
households, is to realize that the interest rate is the “reward” for saving.
The incentive to save increases as the interest rate increases and, as we
know, saving and consumption are two aspects of the same decision—as
we save more of our income, we spend less of it.

THINK IT THROUGH: Figure 5.2 shows two aggregate demand

curves, AD1 and AD2.
One of the curves is that of a country (Country A) whose citizens
follow the adage “never a borrower nor a lender be,” and who avoid
credit transactions whereas the other AD curve is that of a country
(Country B) whose citizens indulge in a great many credit transac-
tions. Suppose the economy’s aggregate price level is initially P0 and
that it decreases to P1. Focusing purely on the real interest rate effect,
can you reason out which curve goes with which country?
P
Aggregate price level

P2

P0

P1
AD2
AD1
0 y0 y
Real GDP
Figure 5.2 The slope of the AD curve
120 A PRIMER ON MACROECONOMICS, VOLUME II

The AD curve, AD1, is associated with Country A. The real interest rate
effect tells us that, as the aggregate price level decreases, the real interest rate
will decrease. In Country A (where little borrowing occurs), this decline will
have little impact on households or firms and aggregate quantity demanded
will increase only modestly. In Country B, however, the same decrease in
interest rate will prompt greater increases in borrowing, consumption, and
investment, and aggregate quantity demanded will increase more aggres-
sively. The stronger the real interest rate effect, the flatter the AD curve.

The Foreign Trade Effect

An increase in the aggregate price level for American goods encourages

domestic purchasers to buy foreign goods whose prices have now b­ ecome
relatively cheaper. Imports will increase, reducing the quantity of A
­ merican
goods demanded. Simultaneously, exports will decrease as foreigners are put
off by the comparatively higher prices of American goods. An increase in the
aggregate price level reduces net exports and, therefore, aggregate demand.

THINK IT THROUGH: Consider Figure 5.2 once more. Let us sup-

pose that one of the two curves is that of a country that is very “open”
to foreign trade (the Netherlands), whereas the other AD curve is that
of a country that is comparatively self-contained and experiences very
little foreign trade (Nepal). Suppose the economy’s aggregate price level
is initially P0 and that it increases to P2. Focusing only on the foreign
trade effect, can you reason out which curve goes with which country?

The steeper AD curve, AD1, is associated with Nepal and the flatter
AD curve, AD2, is associated with the Netherlands. The foreign trade effect
states that, as the aggregate price level increases, net exports will decrease. In
Nepal, the effect on aggregate quantity demanded will be slight but, in the
Netherlands, a substantial contraction in aggregate quantity demanded will
take place. The stronger the foreign trade effect, the flatter the AD curve.

Factors That Can Shift the Aggregate Demand Curve

The three effects just described explain why the aggregate demand curve is
negatively sloped. What, though, may cause the AD curve to shift position?
 Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply 121

Except for a change in the aggregate price level or real GDP, ­anything that
causes intended consumption, investment, government spending, or net
exports to change will cause the AD curve to shift position—to the right
for an increase in aggregate demand, as shown in Figure 5.3, and to the
left for a decrease. We identify seven major factors.

Government Policy

Fiscal and monetary policies are the two broad branches of government
economic policy. Fiscal policy is intended to manipulate the economy
through changes in government spending and net taxes, and monetary
policy operates through changes in the financial sector. An expansionary
policy is intended to make the economy grow by shifting the AD curve
to the right whereas a contractionary policy’s intent is to dampen down
economic activity by shifting the AD curve to the left.

Fiscal Policy: Government spending (G) is one of the components of

aggregate ­demand—an increase in government spending will shift the
aggregate ­demand to the right—an expansionary fiscal policy. Net taxes
(T), or taxes minus t­ransfers, are taxes paid to the government by firms
and households less t­ ransfer ­payments r­ eceived by households and firms.
A decrease in net taxes (­either a ­decrease in personal taxes or an increase
in ­transfer ­payments to households) would boost disposable ­income and
­encourage ­increased ­consumption, shifting the AD curve to the right—an

P
Aggregate price level

AD2
AD1

0 y
Real GDP
Figure 5.3 An increase in aggregate demand
122 A PRIMER ON MACROECONOMICS, VOLUME II

expansionary fiscal policy. F

­ urther, the i­ ntroduction of a policy such as an
investment-tax credit, or reduced taxes on corporate income, would stim-
ulate additional ­investment spending. Decreasing government spending
or increasing net taxes will shift the AD curve to the left. In Chapter 6,
we will consider e­ xpansionary and contractionary fiscal policy actions in
more detail.

Monetary Policy: An increase in the supply of money should ­decrease

the “price” of money (the real interest rate) and reduce the cost of
­borrowing. A lower interest rate will encourage additional borrowing
by firms for investment purposes and by households for consump-
tion. An increase in the money supply is an expansionary policy and
will shift the AD curve to the right. A contractionary monetary policy
(a ­decrease in the money supply) will shift the aggregate demand curve
to the left. In Chapter 7, we look more closely at how monetary policy
is conducted.

Wealth: We know that household wealth can be influenced, via the wealth
effect, by changes in the aggregate price level. However, wealth may
change without changes in the overall price level if, for example, there is
a stock market boom. With greater wealth, consumption spending will
increase and the AD curve will shift to the right. A Wall Street collapse
will shift the AD curve to the left.

Expectations: The current spending plans of consumers and business

owners are ­affected by optimism and pessimism about future c­ onditions
including wealth, profits, income, and job security. John Maynard
Keynes r­eferred to “animal spirits” (bullishness and bearishness) as a
force s­haping particularly the behavior of firms—after all, the act of
business investment is a vote of confidence in the future health and
profitability of the economy. If the public is convinced that better times
are ahead, then current consumption spending and investment will
­increase. However, if we are convinced that the incoming Administra-
tion will cut benefits and raise taxes then we will moderate our spending
today in anticipation of hard times ahead.
 Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply 123

THINK IT THROUGH: The dot com boom of the 1990s swelled

stock portfolios and fueled expectations of further prosperity and,
consequently, consumers purchased more enthusiastically than would
otherwise have been the case—financing their behavior by running up
consumer credit.

THINK IT THROUGH: In the depths of the Great Depression,

Franklin D. Roosevelt stated, “we have nothing to fear but fear ­itself.”
Anxiety about unemployment induced consumers to trim back on
spending, leading to the decreases in the aggregate demand that ­resulted
in the unemployment they feared. President Reagan’s “­Morning in
America” advertising campaign emphasized future ­ prosperity and
President Obama’s keynote phrase, “hope and change,” was coined to
instill optimism in the midst of economic gloom.

Foreign Economic Conditions: Foreigners demand American goods.

If there is an economic downturn in a trading partner such as Japan,
then American exports to Japan will suffer. Also, adjustments in the trade
­environment, such as the imposition of tariffs (taxes on imported goods)
or quotas (limitations on the number of items that can be imported), can
cause the level of net exports to change.

THINK IT THROUGH: During times of economic hardship, there

is a tendency toward increased “protectionism,” clamping down of
imports through tariffs or quotas or, perhaps, appeals to patriotism.

Exchange Rates: The international price of the dollar can be affected

by factors such as expectations about the performance of trading part-
ners, expectations about future interest rates, or speculation. A decline
in confidence in the euro, for example, would provoke an increased
­demand for the d ­ ollar, causing the dollar to appreciate in value. As
we saw in Chapter 2 (­Volume I), when the dollar becomes stronger,
­American consumers are able to buy more imports but American firms
124 A PRIMER ON MACROECONOMICS, VOLUME II

find it more difficult to sell exports—net exports decrease, causing the

aggregate demand curve to shift to the left.
Since the introduction, in 1999, of the euro and the demise of
national currencies within the eurozone, the results have been mark-
edly beneficial for Germany’s trade position. If the deutsche mark had
remained as Germany’s currency, then, with such a strong exporting
position, the mark would have been forced to appreciate, making
German goods more expensive for foreign buyers and foreign goods
more attractive to Germans. However, because other members of the
eurozone were in weaker trade positions than Germany, the common
currency’s value was less than it would have been if it had been
determined solely by Germany. Accordingly, German exports (valued
in euros) were able to maintain their competitive edge and Germany’s
export sector flourished.

Income Distribution: Those with lower incomes typically spend a greater

proportion of their income than do those who are more ­prosperous.
­Similarly, wage earners usually spend more of their income than do those
who earn profits. Given the overall income level, an increase in the distri-
bution of income toward wage earners and the comparatively poor and
away from the wealthy and those who earn profits, through taxes and
transfers, will lead to increased spending.

THINK IT THROUGH: The assumption is that those who save do

not convert their funds into investment spending. If they do, however,
then the income redistribution would lead to a change in the composi-
tion of spending rather than a change in its level.

Demographics: As the demographic structure of the population evolves,

the types of goods and services households wish to buy change too.
A youthful population will seek starter homes, college degrees, and cars
whereas an aging population will desire cataract surgery and hip replace-
ments. The life-cycle hypothesis of consumption suggests that individuals
 Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply 125

seek to maintain a fairly steady standard of living throughout life and,

therefore, for retirees, consumption spending is high relative to their
current income (as they live off their savings). Similarly, the young bor-
row and spend at a comparatively high rate, based on expected future
earnings whereas middle-aged income earners tend to spend less and
save more for their golden years. If there is a demographic bulge, such as
the baby-boomers, then it will influence the composition and the level
of consumption over time.
Review: We have developed a model for the overall demand for goods
and services in the macroeconomy by the private sector, the public sector,
and the foreign sector. As the aggregate price level increases, the amount
of final goods and services demanded is reduced—the AD curve is nega-
tively sloped. We have identified a number of factors that can shift the
position of the AD curve.

Aggregate Supply: The Long Run and the Short Run

In this section we define aggregate supply and distinguish between the
long run and the short run. We then consider the appearance of the
long-run aggregate supply (LRAS) curve and the short-run aggregate
supply (SRAS) curve, the relationship between the two and the factors
that cause the curves to shift.
Aggregate supply is the total output of final goods and services (real
GDP) produced by the economy and an aggregate supply curve shows
the relationship between the quantity of aggregate output that producers
are willing and able to supply and the aggregate price level (P). Whereas
there is only one aggregate demand curve, the aggregate supply curve’s
behavior depends intimately on the particular time period being consid-
ered. We define two time periods—the long run and the short run—and,
therefore, we have two aggregate supply curves—the LRAS curve and the
SRAS curve.
The long run is a period of time that is sufficiently long to permit
resource markets to adjust fully to a change in the aggregate price level
whereas, in the short run, resource markets do not have sufficient time to
adjust fully to a change in the aggregate price level.
126 A PRIMER ON MACROECONOMICS, VOLUME II

THINK IT THROUGH: The distinction between the long run and the
short run can be confusing. Focus on the long run first. In the long run,
temporary discrepancies (between rates of increase in prices and wages,
for example, or between workers’ expectations and actual outcomes)
have time to disappear. As we will see, price changes have no effect on
long-run employment or output decisions. In the short run, by contrast,
we can make errors, with firms and workers in particular failing to read
price signals correctly. In the long run, having learned from and made
adjustments for our temporary mistakes, their influence disappears.

An obvious question to ask at this point is, “How long does it take for
input markets to respond completely to a change on the aggregate price
level?” Unfortunately, there is little consensus among economists on this
point and we will discuss the significance of this lack of agreement later.
Given that, today, the average length of a labor contract is about 3 years,
we might feel confident in assuming, as a rule of thumb, that it is unlikely
that the economy will achieve the long run much sooner than 5 years
after a significant price shock.

The Long-Run Aggregate Supply Curve

The Slope of the Long-Run Aggregate Supply Curve

Let us first consider the long-run relationship between aggregate output

and the aggregate price level. To do this, we will revisit the labor market
diagram that we first saw in Chapter 2 and let this be a proxy for all
resource markets.
In Figure 5.4, the demand (D) curve is the demand for workers by
employers—at higher wages, fewer workers will be demanded as firms
seek to trim labor costs. The supply (S) curve is the supply of labor by
workers seeking jobs—at higher wages, workers will be willing to work
for a greater number of hours. The vertical axis measures real wage per
hour. When we work, we do not work for the number of dollars we
receive—the nominal wage—we work for the goods those dollars will
buy—the real wage. The real wage (w) is the nominal wage (W) divided
by the aggregate price level (P).
 Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply 127

W
P
Real wage per hour
S

$18 $12
w* = = =6
3 2
$12
w1 = 4
3 D

0 10, 000
Hours of labor
Figure 5.4 The labor market

THINK IT THROUGH: To determine whether a job offer is attrac-

tive or not, we need to know the nominal wage and also the price of
the goods we wish to buy with that wage, in other words, the real wage.
A job offer of $12 per hour is meaningless—it can be evaluated only
if we know how much those dollars are worth. If the price of a unit of
consumption (a loaf of bread, perhaps) is $3, then the employer’s offer
of $12 is worth four loaves of bread. If the price of bread rises to $4,
then the employer’s offer of $12 is worth only three loaves of bread.

Let us suppose that, initially, the labor market is in equilibrium. The equi-
librium real wage (w*) is 6 units of consumption per hour. If the a­ ggregate
price level is $2, then the nominal wage must be $12 per hour. The equi-
librium quantity of labor is 10,000 hours and this quantity of inputs will
generate some particular amount of production—say, 900 units of output.

THINK IT THROUGH: In equilibrium, the quantity of labor ­demanded

equals the quantity of labor supplied—there is a job for every worker par-
ticipating in the labor market. The economy is at full employment, with
only some unavoidable frictional and structural ­unemployment present.
The full-employment output level, therefore, is 900 units of production.

We have a point on the LRAS curve! When the aggregate price level
is $2, real GDP is 900 units of output, as shown at point A in Figure 5.5.
Another Random Scribd Document
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᾿Απρεπία, ας, Hs ity for ἀπρέπεια. *Ampnxtoc, ov, lon. for ἄπρακτος,
om. ᾿Απρήῦντος, ov, lon. for ἀπράῦντος. ᾿Απρϊάτην, adv. from @
priv., πρίαμαι (ἀπριάδην would be more analogous), not fem. ace.
from ἀπρίατος. at least not in Od. 14, 317, for there it is used of a
man, and prob. not in Il. 1, 99, without purchase-money, without
price or ransom. Cf.sq. [GT] _. ᾿Απρίἄτος, n, ov, (a priv., πρίαμαι)
unbought, ἀπριάτην, i. Hom. Cer. 132, where it must be an adj., as
also ἀπριάτας, Pind. Fr. 151, 8; cf. Lob. Paral. 458, and so old
Gramm. take it. [1] "Απριγδα, only in Aesch. Pers. 1057, 1063, prob.
—=dmpik. t’Axpine, ov Ion. ew, 6, Apries, son ἐς ements king of
Aegypt, Hdt. 2, 61. ᾿Απρικτόπληκτος,ον,(ἀπρίξ, πλῇσow) struck
unceasingly, Asch. Che. 425, e Lachmanni cally ’"Arpié,adv.,(a copul.,
πρίω, cf. dag, γνύξ, ὀκλάξ, προ strictly with closed teeth, like ὀδάξ,
Lat. mordicus, hence in genl. ceaselessly, esp. ἀπρὶξ ἔχειν, ἔχεσθαι
and λαμβάνειν, oh. Aj. se Plat. Theaet. 155 E, cf. Ruhnk. im. ὦ:
ἤΑλπριστος, ov, (α priv., mpiw) unsawed, Q. Sm. δ ᾿Απροαιρεσία, ας,
ἣν, inconsiderateness, Hipp.: from rir ᾿Απροαίρετος, ov, (a priv.,
mpoatpéouat) without set purpose : inconsiderate, Arist. Eth. N. Adv.
—tae, Ib. ᾿Απροβούλευτος. ov, (a priv., προβουλεύω) without
previous design, unpremeditated, Arist. Eth. N.—2. not submitted to
the βουλή, Dem. 594, 23, v. Herm. Pol. Ant. § 125, 8.—II. act.
imprudent. Adv. -τως, imprudently, Plat. Legg. 866 E. ᾿Απροβουλία,
ac, ἣν want of design, thoughtlessness, indiscretion, Plat. Legg. 867
B: from ᾿Απρόβουλας, ov, = ἀπροβούλευ
 A ho AITPO toc. Adv. -λως, rashly, thoughtlessly, Aesch.
Cho. 620. - *Arpodinyntos, adv., (a priv., προδιηγέομαι) without
previous explanation. "Απροθέτως, adv., (a pris προτίθημι)
undésignedly, Polyb. ᾿Απρόθῦμος, ov, (a priv., πρόθυ) not eager or
ready, disinclined, fasted, Hat. 7, 220, Thuc. 4, 86, etc. Adv. -μως,
Plat. ᾿Απροϊδῆς, ἔς, (a priv., προϊδεῖν) not foreseeing, Anth.—II. pass.
unforeseen, unexpected, Nic. *Arpotkoc, ov, (a priv., mpots) without
portion or dowry, Isae. 41, 2, 54.» ef. Herm. Pol. Ant. § 122, 2.
᾿Απροκάλυπτος, ον, (α priv., προtebe undisguised, Adv. -πτως. a e
᾿Απροκατασκεύαστος, ov, ( priv., mpokatackevalw) unprepared,
Dion.H. ᾿Απρόληπτος, ov, (a priv., προλαμβάνω) not taken for
granted, not ascertained, Hierocl. ΠΑ προμήθεια, ac, 7, want of
forethought, Plat. Lach. 197 B: from ness: from . “ΠΑ προνόητος, ov,
(a priv., tpovoéw) not thought of befurehand, γώρα &mp., an
unguarded country, Polyb.— IL. act. not considering beforehand,
heedless, improvident, Orph. Ady. -τως, rashly, inconsiderately, Xen.
Cyr. 1, 4, 21: ᾿Απρονόμευτος, ov, (a priv., προνομεύω) not ravaged
for forage. ΓΑπρόξενος, ov, without πρόξενος, Aesch. Suppl. 239. ᾿
*Arpootuiaocroc, ov, (a priv., προοιμιάζομαι) without preface, Luc.
᾿Απρόοπτος, ov, (a tale Tpodwopeat) unforeseen, Aesch. Pr. 1074.
Adv. - ως. ᾿Απροόρᾶτος, ov, (a priv., προοράω) ore, Diod. Adv. -τως.
᾿Απροπτωσία, ac, 7, the character of an ἀπρόπτωτος, M. Anton.:
from ᾿᾿Απρόπτωτος, ov, (a priv., mpoπίπτω) inclining to pte not
readily taking up an opinion, Plut. "Ampobinroc, ov, (a priv., πρόθῥη;
Toc) not foretold, Plat. Legg. 9 i ex Astii conj. ᾿Απροςαύδητος, ov, (a
priv., mpocavddw) not accosted, not greeted, Plut. "AT, κρῦτος, ov,
(a priv., mpocBaiva) Dor. ἀποτίβατος, inaccessible, γόσος, not to be
dealt with or healed, Soph. Trach. 1030. ; ᾿ ᾿Απρόςβλητος, ov, (a
priv., προςβάλλω) unapproachable, unconquerable. _*Ampocdenc,
ἔς, (a priv., mpocdéw) without want of anything more, τινός, Plut. 2,
122 F. ee ov,'=foreg., Polyb. gy 2. ᾿Απρόςδεικτος, (a priv.,
mpocdeixνυμι) not pointed out, out of sight, dub. I. in Aesch. Supp.
794, where some read ἀπρόςδεκτος, inhospitable, ᾿Απροςδιόνῦσος,
ov; (a priv., πρός, Διόνυσος) strictly, not belonging to the festival of
Bacchus: hence in genl. not to the point, out of place, proverb., like
οὐδὲν πρὸς Διόνυσον, Cic. Att: 16, 12, 1. ᾿Απροςδιόριστος, ον, (a
priv., mpocδιορίζω) without a definition added, Adv. -τως. Rh ~ ΤΑ
προςδόκητος, ov, (a priv., mpocδοκάω) unexpected, unlooked for,
Hat. 1, 191, Thue. 3, 39, ete.—IL. act. not AITPO expecting, Thuc. 7,
29, 39, ete. Adv. “τως, uc. 4, 29. -t’Axpocdoxia, ας, 4, (a priv.,
προςδοκέω) the not expecting, Plat. Def. 412 D. "Ampocéyytoroc, ov,
(a priv., προςεγγίζω) oa ap rein ᾿ δαὶ . ἸΑπρόςειλος, ov, i. 6. ᾧ οὐδεὶς
προςειλεῖται, where no one suns himself, Eur. Incert. 203.
᾿Απρόζεκτος, ov, (a Σ ρρς προςἔχω) heedless, careless. ence
᾿Απροςεξία, ac, 7, heedlessness. . ᾿Απροςηγόρητος, ov, (a priv.,
mpocnyopéw) unaccosted, neglected. Hence ᾿Απροςηγορία, ac, 7, a
not accosting, not greeting.—2. want of intercourse or conversation,
Arist. Eth. N.—3. silence. ᾿Απροςτήγορος, ov, (a priv., προςHyopoc)
not to be spoken to, stern, savage, of a man, Soph. O. C. 1277, of a
lion, Id. Tr. 1093.—II. act. not accosting, not greeting. ᾿Απροςθετέω,
(a priv., πρόςθετος) not to assent, like ἐπέχω, Diog. L. 9, 76.
᾿Απρόςθικτος, ov, (a priv., προςθιγεῖν) untouched. ᾿Απρόςικτος, ov, (α
priv., προςικνέouat) not to be reached or won, Pind. N. 11, fin.
’"Arpdcitoc, ov, (a priv, προςιέναι) =foreg., Strab. Adv. -rwc.
᾿Απρόσκεπτος, ov, (a priv., προσκέπτομαι) unforeseen, not thought
of, Xen. Rep. Lac. 13, 7.—IL act. improvident, Dem. 1232, 18. Adv. -
rwe, without forethought, Antiph. ap. Ath. 238 E. ᾿Απρόςκλητος, ov,
(a priv., προςκαλέω) not summoned to attend the trial, cf. Dem. 544,
3: dap. δίκη, a prosecution in support of which no πρόςκλησις has
been issued, Dem. 1251, 12. | ᾿Απρόςκοπος, ov, (a priv.,
mpocK6nTW) not striking against, not stumbling, void of offence,
N.T. Adv. -τως. ᾿Απρόσκοπος, ov, (α priv.,
προσκέπτομαι)ξεἀπρόσκεπτος, not looking before one, without
foresight, v.|\. Aesch. Eum. 105. ᾿Απροςκορής, ἔς, (α priv.,
προςκορής not satiating Or disgusting, Heiod. ᾿Απῤόςκρουστος, ov,
(α priv., mpocκρούω) not stumbling or taking offence at others.
᾿Απρόζληπτος, ov, (a priv., mpocλαμβάνω) not adding to—Il. pass.
not added to. ᾿Απρόςλογος, ov, (a priv., πρὸς Adyon) not to the
point. Adv. —ywe, olyb. ᾿Απρόςμαστος, ov, poet. ἀπροτίμαστος, q.
Vv. ᾿Απρόςμᾶχος, ov, (α priv., πρὸςμάχομαι) irresistible, Soph. Tr.
1098. ᾿Απροςμῖἴγής;, €¢,=sq. ᾿Απρόςμικτος, OV, (α priV.,
προςμίγνυμι) holding no communion or commerce with others, c.
dat., ξένοισι, Hdt. 1, γε Ἐ ( ᾿Απροςόδευτος, ov, (ἃ priv., πρὸ οδεύω
deccobtesbbe Diod. ε th ᾿Απρόροδος, ov, (a priv., mpdcodoc) without
approach, inaccessible, βίος, Phryn. (Com.) Monotr. 1, ubi v.
Meineke. ᾿Απρόςοιστος. ov, (a priv., προςφέρω, Tpocoiow) not to be
withstood, wresistible, Aesch. Pers. 91. Adv. hit 7 ; προζόμϊλος, ov,
(a priv., mpocsind) Fcaaneiable, Soph. O. C. 1236, "Ampécontog, ov,
(a@ priv., προςéWouat)=sq. *Ampocdparoc, ov, (α priv., mpocAIITE
bene not to be looked on, horrid, frightul, πόνος, Pind. O. 2, 121.
᾿Απροςόρμιστος, ov, (a priv., προςορμίζω) ὦ = one cannot land, Diod
᾿Απροςπέλαστος, ov, (a priv., mpocπελάζω) ine, hed Strab. oa
᾿Απρόςπλοκος, ov, (a priv., προςπλέκω) not to be interwoven.
᾿Απροςπόριστος, ov, (a priv., προςπορίζω) not acquired or gained
besides. ᾿Απρόςπταιστος, ον, (a priv., προςπταίζω)Ξεἀπρόςκοπος,
Hipp. ᾿Απροςπτωσία, ας, ἧ, (a priv., προςπίπτω) security from attack.
—ll. caution in taking up an opinion, Diog. L. ᾿Απρόςρητος, ov, (a
priv., προςερεϊν)ξεἀπροςηγόρητος. ᾿Απροστἄσίου γραφή, 7, (a priv.,
προστάτης) an indictment of a μέτotkog at Athens, for not having
chosen α προστάτης ΟΥ̓ patron from among the citizens, Dem. 940,
15, v. Att. Process, p. 315. ᾿Απροστάτευτος, ov, (a priv.,
προστατεύω) without a προστάτης or leader, Ael.—II. act. not being
a προστάτης [a] ; ᾿Απροστάτητος, ov, (α priv., προoraréw)—foreg.,
Anton. ᾿Απρόστομος, ov, (α priv., πρόoTouoc) not pointed, blunt,
Magnes Incert. 1. is ἢν ᾿Απρόςφϊλος, ov, (a priv., προςφιλής el ata! Σ
hostile, Heliod. τὰ ᾿Απρόςφορος, ov, (a priv., προςφέρω) unsuitable,
inconvenient, dangerous, τινί, Eur, I. A. 287. ᾿Απρόςφῦλος, ov, (a
priv., πρός, eC ies: belonging to the tribe, Heiod. ᾿Απροςφώνητος,
ov, (a priv., mpocdaten alps Plat ᾿ in ᾿Απροςωπολήπτως, (a priv.,
πρόςὡπον, λαμβώνω) adv., without ἄς Κρ of persons, Ν. Τ'
᾿Απρόςωπος, ov, (a priv., πρόςωπον) without .a mask: without a face,
i.e. without beauty of face, opp. to εὐπρόςὡπος, Plat. Charm. 154 D.
—IL im personal, Gramm. Ady. -πως. ’"ArpotieAntoc, ov, Dor. for
ἀπρόςελπτος, unhoped for, Opp. ᾿Απροτίμαστος, ov, Dor. for. the
unused ἀπρόςμαστος, (a priv., προςμάσσω) untouched, undefiled, Il.
19, 263 : unapproachable, epith. of Homer, Euphor. 62.
᾿Απροτίοπτος, ov, Dor. for ἀπρόςοπτος, invisible, Opp. H. 3, 159.
᾿Απροφᾶνής, &¢,= ἀπρόφατος, unforeseen, unexpected, Orph.
᾿Απροφάσιστος, ov, (a priv., mpoφασίζομαι) offering no excuse,
unhesitating, ready, προθυμία, Thuc. 6, 83. Adv. --τως, without
disguise, Id. 1, 49, etc.: without evasion, honestly, Id. 6, 72.
᾿Απρόφᾶἄτος, ov, (a priv., πρόφημι unforetold, unexpected, like
ῥάκρντο σα Ap. Rh.—IL. unutterable, terrific, Id. 1, 645.
᾿Απροφύλακτος, ov, (a priv., προgvAdooouat) unguarded.—2. not
guarded against, unforeseen, Thuc. 4, 55. Adv. -τως. [Ὁ] ;
᾿Απταισία, ας, ἣ, a not stumbling or stopping : hence a not making
the propauses in music, dub. in. Plat. egg. 669 ἘΣ, for ἀπταιστία is
the analogous form: Ast proposes ἀπαυστία. : ΓΛπταιστος, ov, (a
priv., πταίω) not stumbling, ἀπταιστότερον — yew τὸν ἵππον, to
make a horse less apt to stumble, Xen. Eq. 1,6: metaph. without slip
or false step. Adv. -τως, Plat. Theaet. 144 B. ‘Amréov, verb. adj. —
ἅπτομαι,
 ATITQ one must cling to a thing, bestow pains upon it,
τινός, Plat. Rep. 377 A. ΤΑπτέρα, ac, 7, Aptéra, a city of Crete, Strab.
: adj. ᾿Απτεραῖος, a, ov; of Aptera, Plut. Pyrrh. 30. ᾿Απτερέως, adv.
of ἄπτερος, Hes., ef. Ruhnk. Ep. Cr. p. 105. ἼἌπτερος, ov, (a priv.,
πτερόν) without wings, unwinged, Hom. ὋΣ in Od., and always in
phrase τῇ 0 ἄπτερος ἔπλετο μῦθος, the speech was to her without
wings, 1. 6. flew not away again, she kept it well in her mind,
though elsewhere words are called πτερόεντα : ἄπτερα πωτήῆματα,
wingless flight, Aesch. Eum. 250: φάτις ἄπτ.; m Agam. 276 (acc. to
Humboldt), is an unfledged, i. e. unconfirmed report, οἵ. Eur. H. F.
1039, though others interpret it winged, as if from a copul., and
πτερόν ; (at all events the signf. much winged, very swift, must be
rejected here and elsewhere): of arrows, unfeathered, Hdt. 7, 92: of
young birds, etc., wafledged, callow, ἄπτερος div τέκνων, Eur. H. F.
1039. Adv. -éw¢, Ap. Rh. ᾿Απτέρὕγος, ov, (a priv., πτέρυξ) without
wings. ᾿Απτερύομαι, --- πτερύσσομαι, (a euphon.), to fly. ;
᾽Απτέρωτος, ov, (a priv., πτερόω) unwinged. ᾿Απτήν, gen. ἀπτῆνος,
ὃ, 7, (a priv., πτηνός) unfledged, callow, of young tarda, Il. 9, 323:
wnwinged, Plat. Polit. 276 A, where it is with neut. ζώοις. - ἱΑστικός,
ἢ, όν, (ἅπτομαι) fit for taking hold of things, γλῶττα ἁπτι-. κωτάτη.,
Arist. Part. An. "AntiAoc, ov, (a. priv. πτίλον) unfeathered. ἔΛπτιστος,
ov, (a priv., πτίσσω) not winnowed or ground, Hipp. : ᾿Απτοεπῆςν.
ἔς, (a priv., πτοέω, ἔπος) undaunted in speech, Il. 8, 209, ubi- al.
ἁπτοεπής (from ἅπτομαι, ἔπορ) attacking with words. ᾿Απτόητος, ov,
poet. ἀπτοίητος, (a ; yeh πτοέω) undaunted. ᾽Απτόλεμος, ov, poet.
for ἀπόλεμος, Il. ‘Antoc, 7, 6v, (ἅπτω) touched, handled: to be
touched, subject to the sense of touch, Cicero’s tractabilis, Plat., who
usu. joins ὁρατὸς καὶ ἀπτός. “ἍἌπτρα; ac, 7, (ἅπτω IL.) the wick of a
lamp. *AnrrvoToc, ov, (a priv., πτύων not spit out, Hipp.—IlL. act. not
spitting out. “ATITQ; f. ἅψω, to fasten, fasten to or on, bind to or on,
fir upon a thing, in Hom, once in act., Od. 21, 408, and once in mid.,
in a half-act. signf., Od. 11, 278: ἅπτειν χορόν, to join. the dance,
Aesch. Eum. 307: πάλην τινὶ ἅπτειν; to fasten a contest in wrestling
on one, engage with one, Id. Cho. 868, cf. ἁφῇ: to fix, fasten one
thing to another, βρόχῳ dépnv, Eur. Hel. 136. —B. much more
freq..as mid., ἅπτο«pat, fut. ἅψομαι, to fasten one’s self to, _hence
to cling fast, hold on, absol., Il. - | 8, 67, but mostly c. gen., to cling
to, ~hang on by, lay hold of, grasp, handle, touch : om. uses esp.
ἅψασθαι γούνων, ζειρύς, ποδῶν, also c. ace, pers. and gen. of part
touched, ᾿Οδυσσῆα γενείου ἅψασθαι, to take hold of Ulysses by the
chin, Od, 19, 473; -but. v. versé, κύων ἅπτεται συὸς ἰσχία, Il. 8, 339;
also νηῶν, βρώμης ἠδὲ ποτῆτος. to lay hand on the ships, on meat
and drink; cf. also ἐάφθη, prob. belonging to ἅπτω. The Attics
transferred this to every thing with Seow one can come in conATIYP
tact, esp.—l. to engage in, undertake, 6. 5. ἀγῶνος, Eur. Suppl. 317,
woAéμοῦ, to prosecute war vi, ly, Thuc. 5, 61; and so very freq.
λόγου or λόγων, Eur., etc., but ἅπτεσθαι τῶν λόγων, also to lay hold
of, dispute the argument of another, cf. Stallb. Plat. Rep. 497 E, and
Phaed. 86 D: absol. to begin, Ar. Eccl. 582.—2. to fasten upon, set
upon, attack, assail, Pind. N. 8, 37, and Att.: esp. with words, Hat. 5,
92, 3: also of diseases, Soph. Tr. 1009, Thue. 2, 48.—3. to touch,
affect, ἄλγος οὐδὲν ἅπτεται νεκρῶν, Aesch. Fr. 229, cf. Soph. Ο. Ο.
955, Plat. Ion 535 A: esp. dar. τὶ φρενός or φρενῶν, cf. ἀνθάπτομαι.
----4. to with the senses, apprehend, perceive, Plat. Phaed. 99 Εἰ; to
see, Soph. Ο. Ὁ. 1550.—5. to have intercourse with a woman, Plat.,
and Xen.—6. to come up to, reach, overtake, Xen. Hell. 5, 4, 43: to
gain, Lat. assequi, attingere, τῆς ἀληθείας, oft. in Plat.: always c.
gen., except in Pind., who uses it in last signf. c. dat., as P. 10, 44, I.
4, 20 (3, 30), though he has it in same signf. c. gen., O. 3, 78, cf..
Bockh Expl. p. 111. Plat. has part. pass. perf. in mid. signf., ἡμμένος
φόνων, engaged in murders, Phaed. 108 B.— II. to kindle, set on
fire, as being done by contact of fire, Hdt. 8, 52: amr. re πυρί,
Aesch. Ag. 295; but ἅ. πῦρ, to light, kindle a fire, Eur. Hel. 503. Pass.
to take fire, Od. 9, 379: to be set on fire, Hdt. 1,19: ἄνθρακες
ἡμμένοι, red-hot embers, Thuc. 4, 100. »(Root prob. the same as
Sanscr. ap=Lat. ap-iscor, With copul, prefix ‘a, sa: hence also capio,
apto Germ. haften, heften, Eng. haft.) ᾽Απτώς, ὥτος, ὃ, ἡ, (a priv.,
πίπτω) not falling or failing, unfailing, δόλος, Pind. O. 9, 139.
"AnTwToc, ov, (a Rite nintTw)= foreg., Longin.—2. Gramm. without
case, indeclinable. Adv. -τως. "᾿Απῦγος; ov, (@ priv., πυγῇ) without
buttocks, Plat. (Com.) Incert. 2, e conj. Meinek. _ArdbOuevoc, ov, (a
priv., πυθμὴν) without base or bottom, φιάλη, Ath. *Arv«voc, ov, (a
priv., πυκνός) not thick, not dense. Τ᾽ Απυλήϊος, ov, ὁ, the Roman
Apuléius. ᾿Απύλωτος. ov, (a priv., mvAdw) not closed or secured by a
door or gate, Xen. Hell. 5, 4, 20: also νυ. 1. for ἀθύρωτος, Ar. Ran.
838. [Ὁ] ᾿Απυνδάκωτος, ον, (a priv., πύνδαξ)---ἀπύθμενος, Soph. Fr.
541. "᾿Απῦος, ov, (a priv., πῦον) without matter, not suppurating. Ὁ
“Amupyoc, ov, (a priv., πύργος) without tower and wall, unfortified,
Kur. Tem. 12. ᾿Απύργωτος, ov, (a priv., πυργόω) not girt with towers,
Od. 11, 264. ᾿Απύρεκτος, ov, (a priv., πυρέσσω) without fever. [0]
Hence ᾿Απῦρεξία, ac, 7, absence of fever, time or state free from
fever. ᾿Απύρετος, ov, (α ot πυρετός) without fever, Antiph. Incert. 1,
6. [0] ᾿Απύρηνος, ov, (a priv., πυρήν) without stone or kernel, said of
stonefruits which have but a poor one, Arist. de Anim.: ἀπ. fod, a
pomegranate with a soft kernel, Lat, apyrenus, Ar, Fr. 165, and
Theophr., cf. Arist, de Anim. 2, 10, 3. [Ὁ] "Απῦρος, ov, (@ priv., πῦρ)
without fire,in Hom. only of pots and tripods, that have not yet been
on the fire, i. e. new, or (as others) that must not be set on the fire,
Il. 9, 122 ; 23, 267: also of ATIOM food, uncooked, undressed, or
not hot, cold, ἄριστον, δίαιτα, τροφῆ;, also ἄπ. οἶκος, α cold,
cheerless house, Hes. Op. 523 : χρυσὺς ἄπ., unmelted, opp. to
ἄπεφθος, Hat. 3, 97: ἱερὰ ἄπ., a sacrifice in which fire was not used,
Pind. O. 7, 88, cf. Valek. Diatr. p. 43 ; and the phrase was supposed
to be used in Aesch. Ag. 70, of the Furies, because they had no
burnt sacrifices ; but Blomf. compares Eum. 108 : it seems here to
be=dOuta, unoffered, neers οἵ. Sore Fr. 366. Adv. -pwo.—IL. (a
copul.) lke fire, ἄπ. ἄρduc, a sting burning ὩΣ (which used to be
rendered wrongly, very fiery), Aesch. Pr. 880:—as medic, term,
without fever heat. wad ᾿Απύρωτος, ον, (a priv., not yet exposed to
fire: hence φιάλη ἀπύpwtoc=arvpog 1.11. 23,270, . " ἔΛπυστος, ov,
(a priv., πυνθάνομαι) of which nothing has been learnt or heard,
unknown, Od. 1, 242.—II. act. having learnt or heard nothing,
ignorant, Od. 5, 127: also 6. gen., ignorant of, μύθων, Od. 4, 675. .
᾿Απύτης, ὁ, Dor. for ἠπύτης. [ἀπὸ] yell δ ΤΟΝ oly > also Trag., and
even Ar. 10 Pors. ad | (On quantity v. farkl uppl. 813.] susenie
*ATI@A’, more rarely parox. ἄπφα, a term of endearment, esp.
among brothers and sisters, also of mistresses to their lovers, of like
form with ἀπφύς, ἄππα, ἄττα, manna, TETTA. ᾿Απφάριον, ov, τό,
dim. from dod, Xenarch. Pent. 1,15. [@@] - . ᾿Απφίδιον, and
ἀπφίον, ov, τόν dim. from ἀπφά. [φ1. ὁ. . ᾿ἈΑΠΦΥΣ, also perispom.
ἀπφῦς, gen. toc, ὁ, a term οἵ ende: t used by children to their father,
papa, Hebr. and Syriac Ab, Abba, Theoer. 15, 14: cf. ama, [ove] ,
"ATOYWY, ωὠνος; ὁ, 7], (a PTiV., πώywv) beardless. nt ᾿Απῳδέω,---
ἀπάδω, from es ᾿Απῳδός, dv, (ἀπό, ᾧδή) sounding from or wrong,
discordant, out of tune, Eur. Cycl. 490. ἔἤλπωθεν, adv.,=arobev,
from. authenticated only in Soph., and Ar.: very dub. in prose, Lot
Phryn. 9, Bremi Aeschin. Ctes. 100. ᾿Απωθέω, ©, fut -whjow..and
-ὥσω, (ἀπό, ὠθέωλ to thrust or push off, drive away, τινά τινος and
ἔκ τινος, freq.. in Hom., of the wind, to beat off, beat from one’s
course, Od. 9,81; ὁμέχ-, Anv ἀπ.. Il. 17, 649: so too even more freq.
in mid., to thrust from one’s self, drive away, and so much Tike the
act. Later chiefly in three signfs., both.act, and mid.—l. to drive away
from. the land, banish, also. γῆς, χθοvoc ἀπ., Hat. 1, 173, Soph. ΟἿ
ἂν etc.—2. to repel, drive back, Hat. 8, 109, etc.—3. in mid, only, to
reject, | disdain, τὸ ἀργύριον, Hdt., τὰς σπονδάς, Thuc., τὰ κέρδη,
Plat. "Henage ᾿Απώθητος, ov, thrust or driven away, rejected. as
(ese ᾿Απώλεια, ας, i, (ἀπόλλυμι) α losing, destruction.—II. loss, Arist.
Probl.: ruin, misfortune. ss ibe ᾿Απώμαστος, ov (a priv., πωμάζω )»
Babrius 60, 1; ma Ante ἔΛπωμος, ov, (a priv., πῶμα) without a lid or
cover. Pit ᾿Απωμοσία, ac, %, (ἀπόμνυμι) a swearing from, denying
upon oath, as Att. law-term, opp. to ἐξωμοσία, Att. Process, p. 696,
n. 8. : ᾿Απώμοσις, ewe, 7,7=foreg. Hence _ ᾿Απωμοτικός, 7, Gv,
capable of forswearing or denying on oath. Adv.-Kdc. / ar, ur.,
 APA οΑπώμοτος, ov, (ἀπόμνυμι) forsworn, Giured, Setane
poctile in an oath, Archil. 16: βροτοῖσιν οὐδέν ἐστ᾽ ἀπώμοτον, One
should never make a vow against any thing, Soph. Ant. 388.—II. act.
under oath not to do a thing, Vid. 394. ᾿Απῶρυξ, vyoc, 7,
(ἀπορύσσω) a canal or drain from a place.—II. a layer of a vine, Lat.
mergus, Geop. - ΛΑπωσὶϊκύμᾶτος, ov, (ἀπωθέω, κῦμα) driving along
or repelling waves, Anth. *Arrwoic, eac, 7, (ἀπωθέω) α thrusting Or
driving away, διὰ τὴν τοῦ ἀνέἄπωσιν αὐτῶν, Thue. 7, 34. ᾿Απωσμός,
od, 6,—foreg. ~*Arworéov, verb. adj. from ἀπωθέω, one must thrust
away, reject, Eur. F. 294. Vaart ty όν, (ἀπωθέω) fitted or, disposed to
driving away. . »ἀπωστός, ἥ, Ov, (ἀπώδϑέω) thrust or driven away
from, γῆς; Hdt. 6, 5, Soph, Aj. 1019.—IL. that can be driven away,
Hdt. 1, 71. ᾿Απώτερος, gpa, epov, compar. ἀπό), farther off. Superl.
ἀπώτατος, τή, arov, farthest off. *Atrwrépw, compar. adv. of foreg.,
Soph. O. T. 137. - Superl. ἀπωτάτω. ᾿Απωχραΐένω, = 1g to make
yellow or pale, Theophr. _ Ap, Ep. before a consonant for apa, Hom.
vi * "APA, Ep. ῥά, which is enclitic, and before a consonant dp, akin
to *dpw, and soimplying close connexion, with a force more or less
illative. The Epic usages are not easily classified, the Att. much more
precise.— A. Epic usace. _ It denotes—I. simply immediate transition
from one thing to another, then, straightway, ὡς φάτο, βῆ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽
ὄνειρος, 1]. 2, 16: usu. here with other particles, δέ, 77, ὡς, etc: and
so after advs. of time, τότε δή ῥα, τῆμος dpa: in apodosis, as αὗταρ
éretd7n...Onjoato...abtix’ dp’ ἤλυθεν, Od. 5,77: oft. repeated from
the protasis, as Il. 21, 426, ete.—2. in enumerating many particulars,
e. g. in Homer’s catalogue, then, next in order, as οἱ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ᾿Αθήνας
εἶχον, etc. —II. actual connexion between one thing and another,
such as—1. that of antecedent and consequent, as where Ἥφαιστος
ὠνοχόει...ἄσβεστος δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ἐνῶρτο γέλως, Il. 1, 599, cf. 24, 507: so
τούνεκ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ἄλγε᾽ ἔδωκε, for this then, Il. 1, 96; in which cases it is
often also found with οὕνεκα in protasis. So where a question
suggests itself, τίς τ᾽ dp τῶν dy’ ἄριστος ἔην ; who then, it will be
asked, was..., Il 2, 761: ἜΝ in ΤΗΝ answers, as οὔτ᾽ ἄρ᾽ dy’
εὐχωλῆς ἐπιμέμφεται, where omy best be fonticrod by, ‘Tt is not for
a vow (neglected) that he is wroth,” Il. 1,93: and thus with
demonstr. pronoun in apodosis, ἀλλ᾽ υἱὸν Πριάμοιο...τόν ῥ᾽
᾿Οδυσεὺς βάλε, he it was, whom, IL. 4,801. This usage is universal
in Greek.—2. explanation of a thing going before, e.g. εἰ μὴ
ὑπερφίαλον ἔπος ἔκβαλε, ...φῇ ῥ᾽ ἀέκητι θεών φυγέειν, “had he not
let fall an impious word: for he said,” v. Herm. H, Ven. 53: with relat.
ron. dpa makes it more precise and Nefinite, ἐκ δ᾽ ἔθορε κλῆρος, ὃν
ἄρ᾽ ἤθελον αὐτοί, just the one, the υ one which..., [l. 7, 182, v.
Herm. TL Apoll. 390: dpa cannot begin a sentence. [~] re B. Artic
usAce. Here it always has a regular illative force, whether —1, in
direct conclusions,=ovdy, then, APAB therefore, so then,
κάλλιστον...ἄρα ἢ ἀρετή, Arist. Eth. N., or more commonly—2. by
way of oblique inference, μάτην ap’, ὡς ἔοικεν, ἥκομεν, 80, it seems
then, Soph. El. 772: οὕτω κοινὸν ἄρα χαρᾷ καὶ λύπῃ...» 80 true is it
that..., Xen. Hell. 7, 1, 32; usu. expressing pain or sorrow, Herm. Aj.
1005, always slight surprise, Kthner, Gr. Gr. § 756, 4.—3. in
questions, where it differs from dpa in referring only to a part of the
clause, as Aesch. Theb. 92, τίς dpa ῥύσεται; who is there to save?
while dpa τις ῥύσεται would be will any one save, Herm. praef. Soph.
O. C.: connected with this is its use in exclamations, οἵαν ἄρ᾽ ἤθην...
ἀπώλεσεν, what a band was that which he has destroyed! Aesch.
Pers. 733: so ὡς οὕτως, πῶς ἄρα, or without other particle, ἔζης
dpa, Soph. Fr. 603.—4. for τοὶ dpa, contr. τἄρα, v. Tot.—5. εἰ μὴ apa
seems to be unless perhaps, v. Butt. ad Dem. Mid. n. 35, in which
case dpa is often separated from εἰ μή, Stallb. Plat. Prot. 355 B.
‘Apa; interrog. particle,— Lat. num: in accent and signf. a stronger
form of ἄρα :—1. it makes the question more doubtful, so that usu.
a negat. answer is expected, which is sometimes more clearly shown
by the use of dpa μή.-εμῶν, followed by indic., is it so? surely not
so? v. Heri! Vig. ἢ. 295.—2. if an affirmative answer is confidently
expected, dpa οὐ is used,—Lat. nonne? but apa by itself, if the
expectation be less confident,—Lat. ne enclitic, v. Herm. Vig. ἢ. 294;
Kiihner Gr. Gr. § 834, 2, sq.—3. dpa οὖν; like οὐκοῦν, was orig.
always a negative question implying an affirmative, but afterwards
was used both affirmatively and negatively, v. Herm. Soph. Ant, 268.
—4. in ἀρά ye each particle retains its force, ye serving to make the
question more definite.—5. dpa is used in exclamations, ὀδυνηρὸς
ap ὁ πλοῦτος ' Eur. Phoen. 575, where dp’ οὐ with the interrog.
would be used, were it a question: dpa is never used convertibly
with dpa metri grat., v. Herm. praef. Soph. O. C. In prose dpa always
stands first in the sentence: in poetry emphatic Map hn sometimes
precede it, v. Herm. SG: ἌΡΑ“, dc, 7, Ion. ’APH’, fc, a prayer, in Hom.
usu. as ἃ curse, more rarely as a blessing, as in Hat. 6, 63, ἀρὴν
ἐποιήσαντο παῖδα γενέσθαι : in Att. poets mostly in- plur.—II. hence
the effect of the curse, mischief, ruin, Hom., cf. Heyne on 1]. 12,
334. —IIl. Aesch. personified "Apa as the goddess of destruction and
revenge, Lat. Dira, whose office is the same as that of the Erinyes in
Soph, EL 111, ὦ πότνι᾽ ᾿Αρά, σεμναί te θεῶν παῖδες Ἐρινύες, While
in Aesch. Eum. 417, the riniyes say that this is their own name γῆς
trai, οἵ. Mall. Eumen, ὁ 77. (The verb is ἀράομαι: Passow would
connect these words with "Apye, but the roots seem different.) [dap
Ep. in arsis, ἄρ in thesis, Att. always ἄρ, “ApaB0oc, ov, (a priv., ῥά β
δος) without staff or rod. "ApaBéw, 0, f. -ἤσω, (dpaBoc) to rattle,
ring, Hom., mostly in Il., and always of armour, as ἤρεπεν ἐξ ὀχέav,
ἀράβησε δὲ τεύχε᾽ ἐπ’ αὐτῷ.---"Π]. in Ap. Rh. c. acc. dp. ὀδόντας, to
gnash or grind the teeth. ‘+’ ApaGia, ας, 7, Arabia, wife of AeAPAI
tus, Apollod. 2, 1, 5.—2. a count fe soul ΩΝ of Asia, Hdt., Meech?
etc. [dpd, but Dion. P. also dp.] Hence ᾿Αρὰαβίζω, to speak Arabic:
to take part with the Arabs. ΝΥ %, 6v, Arabian, Dion. P. 4 Τ᾽
Αράβιος, a, ov, Arabian, Hat. : of ᾿Αράβιοι, the Arabians, Hdt.:
6’Apaβιος κόλπος, the Arabian gulf, Hat. Τ᾽ Αράβιος, ov, 6, the
Arabius, a river of Gedrosia, Arr. 6, 21, 3. ᾿Αραβιστί, adv., in Arabic.
ft ApaBirat, ὧν, οἷ, the Arabitae, a people of Gedrosia, Diod. Sic.
ἜἌΡΑΒΟΣ, ov, 6, α rattling, ὑδόντων, the gnashing or grinding of
teeth, Il. 10, 375. (Prob. Sanser. rav, sonare, with a euphon. : hence
prob. ἀράσσω, Pott Etymol. Forsch. 1, 213.) [apa-J—II. as pr. n,
Arabus, Aesch. Pers. 318. ᾿Αράγδην, adv., (4pdoow) with a rattling
noise, Lue. “Apayyua, ατος; T6,=8q., τυμπᾶάνων ἄρ., ἃ ratting of
drums, Eur. Cyel. 205. ᾿Αραγμός, οὔ, 6, (ἀράσσω) a striking so as to
make a sound, a clashing, clattering, rattling, Aesch. Theb. 249, πε:
τρῶν, a crashing shower of stones, Eur. hoen. 1143; στέρνων,
beating of the breast in grief, Lat. planctus, Soph. O. C. 1609.
t’Apayoc, ov, 6, Aragus, a river of Tberia, Strab. ᾿Αραδέω, V. 8q.
"Αρᾶδος, ov, 6, violent disturbance, rumbling in the stomach,
palpitation of the heart, Nic. (Hesych. quotes also ἀραδέω, κινέω :
akin to ἀραβέω, ἄραβος.) t’Apadoe, ov, 77, Aradus,an island on the
coast of Phoenicia, containing a city of the same name, Hdt. 7, 98:
hence of ’Apdd:ot, the Aradians, Hdt., Strab.—2. an island on the
west coast of the Persian gulf, Strab. ᾿Αράζω or ἀῤῥάζω, (a euphon.,
bg Cw) to snarl, growl, of dogs, Dion. H., Philo. ᾿Αραιά, Gc, 7, the
belly, v. sub ἀραιός. ᾿ ἱ Τ᾽ Αραιθυρέα, ac, 7, Araethyrea, sister of
Aoris, Paus. 2, 12, 5.—2. the city Araethyrea, so named from her, Il.
2, 571: hence adv. ᾿Αραιθυρέηθεν, from Araethyrea, Ap. Rh. 1, 115.
᾿Αραιόδους, οντος, 6, 7, (ἀραιός, ὁδούς) with weak, straggling teeth,
Arist. rbot ΓΗ ᾿Αραιόθριξ, τρίχος, 6, ἡ, (ἀραι Gotz wich γϑαλ, chee
ace opens "APAIO’S, 7, ὄν, also dc, 6v, Soph. Fr. 97, Att. ἁραιός, thin,
narrow, weak, . slight, Hom. of the legs of Vulcan, Il. 18, 411, the
arm of Venus, Il. 5, 425, the tongues of thirsty wolves, Tl. 16, 161,
the entrance of a harbour, Od. 10, 90; also of ships, Hes. Op. δ τ αν
feat Ort i substance of | bodies, frail, brittle, porous, EY, flabby, full
of gaps or hells. Lae rare OE to πυκνός. Anaxag. 8, and freq. in Hipp.
as epith. of flesh and bone: also of time, with intervals.— Ill. as
subst. ἀραιά, dc, 7, with or without γαστήρ, the flank, loins, lower
belly, Nic. . *Apaiog, aia, aiov, also o¢, ov, (dpa) prayed to or
entreated, “Ζεὺς upatoc,=tkéatoc, Soph. Phil. 1181.— 2. prayed
against, accursed, laden with ἃ curse or curses, Trag.—Il, act.
cursing, bringing mischief upon, c. dat., φθόγγος ἀρ. οἴκοις, Aesch.
Ag. 236, 80 ἀραῖος γονεὺς ὦ Plat
 APAP Legg. 931 C ; absol., Soph. Tr. 1202, ef, ‘Sims. Med.
595, where however the passive sense seems preferable. Adv. —we.
ὑόβρίσμον ai.] ᾿Αραιόσαρκος, ov, (ἀραιός, σάρξ) with βρεύεϑει σα
flabby flesh, Hipp. Ἶ ᾿Αραιόστῦλος, ον, (ἀραιός, στῦλος) with
columns standing far apart, areostyle, Vitruv. ᾿Αραιότης,ητος, ἡ,
(ἀραιός) thinness, brittleness, porousness, flabbiness, opp. to
πυκνότης, Hipp. "Apatow, to make ἀραιός or flabby, τὴν σάρκα,
Arist. Probl. . ᾿Αραίρηκα, ἀραιρηκώς, ἀραιρημέvoc, ἀραίρητο. lon.
redupl. for ἤρηκα, PpnKere, ἡρημένος, ἥρητο, from aipéw, f.
’Apaiwua, arog, τό, (ἀραιόω) a gap, interstice, interval, Dio a little ie
Lat. frustulum, Longin. ᾿Αραίωσις, ewe, ἡ, a becoming or making
ἀραιός, Opp. to πύκνωσις, Hipp. ᾿Αραιωτικός, 7, Ov, making ἀραιός,
1056. ; ᾿Αρακίς, idoc, 7, Aeolian word, — φιάλη, Ath.—2. dpaxidec,
wv, ai,= ἄρακος, Theophr. _ “Apakog, ov, ὃ, later dpayoc a
leguseneny weed growing among φακοί, Theophr. ΤΆρακος, ov, ὁ,
Aracus, a Lacedaemonian, Xen. Hell. 2, 1, 7. t+’Apdxvvboc, ov, 6,
Aracynthus, a mountain of Aetolia, Strab. t’Apapeiot, wr, oi, Aramaei,
a people of Syria, Strab. Τ᾽ Αραξηνῆ, ἧς, 7, Araxene, a region of
Armenia, Strab. t’Apdénc, ov, 6, Araxes, a river of Armenia, flowing
into the Caspian, now the Arras, Hdt. 1, 201.—2. a river of Persia,
Strab.—3. a river of Mesopotamia, same as Chaboras, Xen. An. 1,
4,19. Hence ‘t+ Αραξηνός, 7, dv, of Araxes, Strab. ᾿Αραξίχειρ, χείρος,
ὁ, 7, and ᾿Αραξίχειρος. ον, (ἀράσσω, χείρ) beaten or stricken with
the hand, τύμmava, Anth. The forms ἀραξόχειρ, and ἀραξόχειρος
are rejected by Lob. Phryn. 770. ἤΆραξος, ov, 6, Ararus, a
promontory of Achaea on the borders of Elis, Strab. ᾿Αράομαι, fut. -
dooua [ἃ], Ion. «ἦσομαι, dep. mid., (pd) to pray to a gud, tivi, Hom.,
only once τινά, Od. 2, 135.—2. to pray that a thing may be or
happen, c, inf., Hom. :— to vow.to do a thing, to vow, Il. 23, 144,
and Att.: also foll. by ἕως c. optat., ἀρώμενος ἕως ἵκοιο, praying, that
thou mightest come, Od. 19, 367, but v. Mehlh. Anacr. p. 121, sq.—
3. to pray something for one, tTivi τί, sometimes in good sense, as
ἀρ. τινὶ ἀγαθά, Hat. 1, 132, cf. 3, 65; but usu. in bad, to imprecate
upon ane, esp. ἀρὰς ἀρ. τινί, Soph., and Eur. : also ap. τινὶ παθεῖν,
Soph. O. T. 251: and so ἀρῶσθαΐ rive to curse one, Eur. Alc. 714,
The act. only occurs in Ep. inf. ἀρήμεναιΞτεάἀρᾶν, to pray ; but
Buttm., Catal. in voc., remarks that a past tense is needed there, as
in Od. 14, 134, and thinks that ἀρήμεναι may be aor, 2 of pass, form
for ἀρῆναι. The part. ἀρήμενος does not belong to ἀράομαι, v. sub
voc. [dp Hom., ἄρ Att.) -t’Apap, apoc, ὁ, the Arar, a river of Gaul!
now the Saone, Strab. "Αρᾶρα, Dor. for dpypa, perf. 2 of * dow,
hence ἄρᾶρε. apnpe, intr. it is fived, decreed.—ll. but ἄρἄρε, ἤρἄρε,
aor. 2 By ae to appease, satisfy, f 1 APAX APTA Τ᾽ Αραρηνή, ἧς. ἣ,
Ararene, a region | [ὡρᾶχν-, Hom., ἄρᾶχν-» Cratin. Pyt. of Arabia,
Strab. ᾿Αραρίσκω, lengthd. form of pres. for * dpw, to join, fit
together, whereof Hom. has only the impf. Ion. dpdptoxe, Od. 14,
23. "Αρᾶρον, lon. for ἤραρον, aor. 2 of ἄρω, to join, Il. : part.
ἀραρών, Od. t’Apapoc, ov, ὃ, Ararus,a river of European Sarmatia,
Hat. 4, 48. > ἀραρότατος, Lob. Paral. 48. t’Apapac, &, 6, τατος, a
comic poet, son of Aristophanes, Ath. 237 A. ᾿Αράσιμος, ov,
(d4pdouat) cursed.— H. act. cursing. [pa t’Apdorac, a, ὁ, Araspas, a
Mede, Xen. Cyr. 5, 1, 1. ᾿Αράσσω, Att. -ττω, f. -ξω, (a euphon.,
ῥάσσω) to strike hard, smite, dash in pieces, (Hom. only has it in
compds., cvvapdoow, etc.) Of any violent impact, with collat. notion
of rattling, clanging, as of horses, ὁπAaic ap. χθόνα, Pind. P. 4, 402,
θύpac, πύλας ἀρ., to knock furiously at the door, Eur. Hee. 1044, Ar.
Eccl. 978: esp. dp. στέρνα, κρᾶτα, to beat the breasts, etc., in
mourning, Lat. plangere, Aesch. Pers. 1054, and Eur.: dp. πέτροις
τινά, to strike with a shower of stones, Eur. I. T. 327: hence metaph.
dpdocew dveidect, κακοῖς, to throw with reproaches or threats, i. e.
fling them wildly about, Soph. Aj. 725, Phil. 374, cf. Ar. Nub. 1373:
dp. λύραν, to strike the lyre wildly, Orph.: hence also μέλος ἀρ.» at.
carmina lyra ferire. Pass. to dash against one another with a noise,
to clash, rattle. ᾿Αρᾶτήριον, ov, τό, V. ἀρητήριον. ᾿Αρᾶτικός, ἢ, dv,
belonging to, disposed for praying or cursing, Diog.: L. from
᾿Αρᾶτός, 7, ὄν, Ion. ἀρητός, (ἀράouat) prayed for, won by prayer.—2.
accursed, unblest, which seems to be the sense of ἀρητὸς γόος, Il.
17, 37, where some would read ἄῤῥητος, V. Spitzn. on the various
interprr.: dpατὸν ἕλκος, Soph. Ant. 972.—II. proparox. “Apyroc as pr.
n., Aratus, prob. from signf. 1, the Prayed-for, like the Hebrew
Samuel, Hom.: later “Apaτος. [ἄρ, Ep., dp, Att.] PApavoiwv, wvoc,
ἣν, Arausion, a city of Gaul, Strab. ταρβαῤήνι hvac, ὁ, Araphen, an
Attic demus: οἱ ᾿Αραφήνιοι, the Araphenians, Isae.: ᾿Αραφῆνάδε, to
Araphen, Dem. t’Apayfoc, av, ὁ, the Arachthus, a river of Epirus,
Polyb. ᾿Αράχιδνα, ne, ἣν ἃ leguminous plant, perh. Jathyrus
amphicarpus, Theophr. tApayvaiov, ov, τό, Arachnaeus Mons, a
mountain of Argolis, Aesch, Ag. 309, now Sophico, ’Apayvaiog, aia,
atov,==sq. ᾿Αράχνειος, cia, eLov, of Or belonging to a spider, Anth.:
from ᾿Αράχνη, ἧς, 7, @ spider, Aesch, Ag, 1469, Blomf., q. v.—II. a
spider’s web, cobweb, Lat, aranea.—lll, a seafish—IV. as pr. n.
Arachne, Luc. νιλραχνήεις, εσσα, εν,Ξεἀράχνειος, ic ᾿Αράχν . av, 6, ἃ
spider, Lat. sae hes. Op. 775, Pind. Fy, 268, ᾿Αραχνικός, ἢ, Gv.
ἀράχνειος, ᾿Αράχνιον, ov, τά, ᾳ spider's weh, cobweb, Od. 8, 280,---
Π|. dim, from apaxvn, a small spider, Arist, H. A. 18.] Hence nines
᾿Αραχνιόω, ὦ, f. -Gow, to spin a cobweb, Arist. H.A. Pass. to be
covered with cobwebs, Ib.—2. to spread like a cobweb, Hipp. is
᾿Αραχνιώδης, ec, (ἀράχνιον, ε like ᾿ coe ee eam ios) ᾿Αραχνοειδῆς,
ἐς, (apa εἰδ Π Ἡρηβ ἐξ ς. τὐλωμκυς eee ᾿Αραχνός, οὔ, δ,--ἀράχνης,
Aesch. Supp. ὅβ6. ἀρά ; ᾿Αραχνοῦφής, ἔς, (apa » ὑφαΐίvw) spun by
spiders, ees ᾿ ᾿Αραχνώδης, ep doa, οειδής. ἤΑλραχος, ov, 6, later
form for ἄρακος. Τ᾽ ἀραχωσία, ας, ἦ, Arachosia, ἃ reon of Persia,
Polyb: on the Indus, trab.: hence oi ’Apay@rat, Dion. P., πχωτοί Gv,
Strab., the inhabitants of Arachosia. “Apay, aBoc, 6, an Arab: also
“ApaBoc, ov, 6, Aesch. Pers. 318. APA’Q, v. ἀράομαι, fin. _ *’APA’Q,
supposed pres. of Ep. part. ἀρήμενος, q. Vv. t’ApGdaxne, ov, 6,
Arbaces, the last king of Assyria, Strab.—2. a satrap of Media, Xen.
An. 7, 8,25. PApBnAa, wr, τά, Arbéla, a city of Assyria on the Tigris,
Strab. : hence ἡ potnane (χώρα), the territory of rbela, Id.
ΓΑρθηλος, ov, 6, a rounded knife, such as shoemakers use, Nic.—IL
as pt. n. Arbelus, a son of Aegyptus, i ye iy et t’ApBiec, wr, oi, the
Arbies, a le of Gala Strab., ΤῊΝ Wee ΤΆρβις, coc, ὃ, the Arbis, a
river οἱ eo rae tiga ᾿Αρβουκάλη, ης, ἣν Ar ἃ οἱ of Spain, Polyb. 3, 14.
seein Τ᾿ Αρθουπάλης, ov, ὃ, Arbupales, son of Darius Codomannus,
Arr. An. 1, 16, 3. ᾿Αρβύλη, 76 q, @ strong shoe coming up to the
ankle, a half-boot, used by country-people, hunters, travellers,
Aesch. Ag. 944, and Eur., who calls it Mycenian, Or. 1470; also
ἀρβυλίς in Theocr.: these shoes were also called πηλοπατίδες,
mudtreaders : ἀρβύλαι in Eur. Hipp. 1189, is taken by Eustath. for
the stand of the charioteer, but v. ἩΜΎΓΙΝ 1. (Prob. akin to * dpa,
ἁρμόζω.) [ὕ . AoBudie. Ldoe, ἡνξεΐοτθῃ., Theocr. ᾿Αρβυλόπτερος, ov,
(ἀρβύλη, πτεpov) with winged shoes, Lyc. PApBar, Gv 06, 6, Arbon,
a city of waren ca . iN en ue est ’Apyadeic, éwrv, oi, prob. pyad εἰς,
ΠΡ Φη one of the four ald Atti tribes, cf. eo et τ ᾿Αργαίνω, (ἀργός) to
be white, Eur. aie Psoph. a t’Apyaioc, ov, ὃ, Argaeus, son οἵ Philip I.,
king of Macedonia, Hdt. 8, 139.—2. a mountain of Cappadocia,
᾿Αργαλέος, éa, gov, hard, pai Pa ey grievous, Lat. poke | all things
hard to do or suffer, revolting to the feelings, v. Nitzsch Od. 2, 244,
In Hom, usu. c. ΠΗ et inf., ἀρ oy 3 μοι πᾶσι μάχεσθαι, more rarely
apy. θεὸς βροτῷ ἀνδρὶ δαμῆναι, hard to be subdued ἂψ mortal man,
Od. 4, 397, cf. I], 1, 589; also in Ar. of persons, troublesome, also
apy. λύπη, dpyaλέας νύκτας ἄγειν : rare in prose, as Xen. Hier. 6,4,
Aeschin. 9,20. Adv. “ἕως. (from ἄλγος for ἀλγαλέος, like στόμαργος
for στόμαλγος, λήθαργος, etc.: cf. Germ. Arg, Aerger.) Τ᾽
Αργανθώνιος, av, ὁ, Arganthonius,
 APTH a king of Tartessus in Spain, Hat. 1, 163 , PA
ανθώνιον ὄρος, τό, Mount Arjus, in Bithynia, Strab. __Apyade, neut.
ἀργᾶν, gen. ὥντος, Dor. contr. from ἀργάεις, white, μάστος, ταῦρος,
Pind., cf. ἀργήεις.---Ἰ]. a¢g,=apyl¢+t Apyeddne, ov, ὁ, son of Argeas,
Il. 16, 717.—2. descendant of Argeas, an ith. of the kings of
Macedonia, 9 7, 8, 9. , heed ; +PApyeia, ac, 7, Argta, daughter o lm
Apollod.—2. wife of Aristodemus, king of Sparta, Hdt. 6, 52. —3. the
country of Argolis, in Pelomnesus, Thuc. 2, 7.—4. Ξε Αμφιλοχία, ene:
2, 68. ee εἴλοφος, ov, (ἀργός, λόφος pln i white-tipped, fr Pind. Fr.
ae ee ’Apyeioc, cia, eiov, (“Apyoc) of or — “ Argive : ᾿Αργεῖοι in Hom.
like ’Ayavoé, for - _— in general. f eloc, ov, ὁ, Argaeus, a com: 24 of
Hercules, Apollod.—2. an orator in Athens, Ar. EKecl. 201.—3. son of
Deiphon, Paus. 2, 28, 6.—4. an Elean, Xen. Hell. 7, 1, 33.
᾿Αργειφόντης, ov, ὃ, for ’Apyodoνευτής, CApyoc, φονεύω) slayer of
Argus, epith. of Mercury, Hom., v. erage Od. 1, ew in a an Grom i¢)
serpent-slayer, epith. of Apollo. tApyédn, Nes wy ohne daughter of
Thespius, Apollod. 2, 7, 8. meee hoben: wv, ol, the feet of a 3 in: in
genl. offal, refuse, Ar. Vesp. 672. *"Apyeuoc, ὃ, or ἄργεμον, ov, τό,
Soph. Fr. 921, also Theophr. ἄργεμα, ατος, τό, α hurt in the iris of
the eye, elsewhere λεύκωμα, Lat. albugo. t’Apyevvoyv, ov, τό,
Argennum, a promontory of Asia Minor, Strab. ᾿Αργεννός; ἢ; 6v,
Aeol. and Dor. for ἀργός, white, Hom., almost always of sheep, also
dpy. ὀθόναι, Il. 3, 141; “apy. μόσχος, Eur. 1. A. 575, xpivn, Chaerent.
ap. Ath. 608 F. ᾿Αργεστήρ, ἦρος, 6=sq- 1. ᾿Αργεστής, οὔ, ὁ. white,
also with a neut. subst., Nic. Ther. 592, in genit. —II. paroxyt.
ἀργέστης, ov, ὁ, epith. of the South wind, Νότος, 1}. 11, 306, 21,
334, clearing, brightening, like Horace’s Notus albus, detergens
nubila coelo, cf. λευκόνοτος. In Hes. Theog. 379, 870, epith. of
Ζέφυρος. and so— 2. in the improved compass of Aristotle ἀργέστης
was the north-west wind, the Athenian σκίρων, Genelli in Wolf’s
Anal. 4, p. 474. ‘Apyétt, dpyéra, dat. and acc. for τι, ἀργῆτα, from
ἀργής, white, .: thenom., ἀργέτις, ἡ,Ξε ἀργήεσσα, first in are : re
᾿Αργέω, (ἀργός, ἀεργός) to be unemployed, do a! ἐπ en. ; οἱ
ἀργοῦντες, the idle, Soph. Fr. 288: ofa field, to lie fallow, Xen. Cyr. 1,
6, 11: to be slow of sight, Arist. Probl.—2. in good sense, to rest,
keep holiday.—ll. trans. to leave a thing undone: hence pass. to be
left undone, Xen. Cyr, 2,3, 3: to be fruitless, Id. Hier. 9, 9. fae n¢, ἦν
Arge, fem. pr.n., Hat. pod. t’Apyne, ov, 6, Arges, a Cyclops, Hes”
Tho140, δ τος age KOAWVQ, ᾿Αργήεις, ecoa, ev, Dor. ἀργάεις, contr.
ἀργᾶς, dvtoc, white, shining, ghttering ταῦρον ἀργῶντα, Pind. O.
3,98; ἐν ἀργάεντι μαστῷ, Id. P. 4, 14: and we prob. eught to read
dpya for ἀργίας in Aesch, Ag, 115, ef, Buttm. Ausf. Gr, § 41, Anm.
15n., and APTM ᾿ ργής, ἥτος, ὃ, ἣν, also with poet. dat. and acc.
ἀργέτι, ἀργέτα, Il. 11, 818; 21, 127, white, ight, Hom. mostly of the
bright colour of lightning, (but acc. to Arist. of its rapid motion): also
of the colour of fat, Il. ll. ce.; so too of a robe, Il. 3, 419: δοῦν,
Aesch. ; πέπλος (ace. to Elendt) Soph. Tr. 675; Κολωνός, because of
its chalky soil, Id. O. C, 670 with neut., ἀργῆτος ἐλαίου, Nic. ; cf.
ἀργινόεις. ᾿Αργῆς, 6, Dor. ἄργας, a kind of serpent, Hipp.: also an
obscure nickname of Demosthenes, Aeschin, 41, 15, Plut. Dem. 4.
᾿Αργηστῆς, οὔ, 6,=dpyhc, white, flickering, πτηνὸς apy. ὄφις, Aesch.
Eum. 181 ᾿Αργία, ac, 7,=depyia, want of employment, Soph. Fr. 380;
idleness, laziness, Eur.—2. in good sense, leisure, Plat. hey ef. sub
ees ᾿Αργιβόειος, ov, (ἀργής, βοῦς) with white ἴω poss of sie ne
᾿Αργικέραυνος, ov, (ἀργής, Kepavv6c) with white, bright, vivid
lightning, epith. of Jupiter, 1}. ser Pind. ᾿Αργικέρως, wToc, 6, ἡ,
(ἀργῆς, ρα white horned, Welzkes Sil Ep. 205, 4. . tkéc, %,
ὀν,Ξεἀργός, indolent, pur Phils 6.” Adv. =e: ἢ Τ᾽ Αργιλεωνίς, idoc, ἧ,
Argileonis, mother οἵ Brasidas, Plut. Lys. 25. ᾿Αργίλιψ, πος, white,
epith. of serpents, Archil. 56, ef. Lob. Paral. 290. "ApyltAaa, ἧς, 7, an
underground dintlings so called in Magna Graecia, Ephor. ap. Strab.
“Apytadoc, or ἄργϊλος, ov, 7, white clay, potter’s earth, Lat argilla,
Arist. Probl. tee Asie ᾿Αργιλλώδης, or apyiAGdne, ec, iors λος. εἶδος)
like clay, clayey, yn, Hat. 2, 12. +’ApytAoc, ov, 6, Argilus, a city on
the Strymonicus Sinus, Hdt. 7, 115: ὁ ’ApyiAtoc, an inhabitant of
Argilus, Thue. 4, 103. ᾿Αργιενεφήδ, ἔς, (ἀργής, vé white with A Nap
oph. Fr 459. fee) ᾿Αργϊνόεις, εσσα, ev,=dpyée, white, bright-shining,
Il. 2, 647, 656: epith. of the cities Cameiros and Lycastos, from their
lying on chalky hills, so Horace Rhodos clara, cf. ἀργής. fin. mene
ov,T6,="Apyevvor, Thuc. , 34. Τ᾽ Αργινοῦσαι, Or -οὔσσαι, Gr, ai,
Arginusae, three small islands between Lesbos and Aeolis, Thuc. 8,
101. ᾿Αργιόδους, -ὄδοντος, ὃ, ἡ, (ἀργῆς, Soe Vote necked, pi ἀν anal
of boars and dogs, pe ᾿ Τ᾽ Αργιόπη, n¢, ἣν Argiope, a nymph, Panes)
Apollod. vo Τ᾽ Αργιόπιος. ov, ὁ, (ydpog) the district Argiopius, in
Boeotia, Hdt. 9, 57. +’Apytoc, ov, 6, Argius, a son of ere Apollod, 2,
1, 5. ᾿Αργιπόδης, οὐ, 6,=8q., χίμαρος, Anth. ᾿Αργίπους, ὁ, 7, πουν.
τό, gen. ποῦος, (ἀργῆς, πούς) swift-footed, epith. of dogs, Hl. 24,
211: of rams, Soph. Α]. 237, where perh. it means white-footed, ν.
Ellendt, Lex. Soph., and ef. ἀργός. ΤΑργιππαῖοι, wy, οἱ, Angippaei, a
Scythian tribe of Asiatic Sarmatia, Hdt. 4, 23, t’Apyiacaa, n¢; ἣν
Argissa, a place in hessaly, afterwards Argura, ll. 2, 737, Strab. \
"Apyue, ατος, τό, (ἄρχω) used in APTO plur.
dpywara=drdpyyata,arapyai, the first Lad at a μα αλλ or Sabor Od.
14, 446. ᾿Αργόθριξ, gen. ἔχος, ὁ, ἧ, τό, (ἀργός, pis) white-haired,
Anth. antes 6,=’Apyeiog, Eur. Rhes. ᾿Αργολίζω, f. -iow, (‘Apyodig) to
take the part of Argos or the Argues, Xen. Hell. 4, 8, 34.
PApyodrkéc, 4, όν, Argolic, of or belonging to Argolis; ὁ ’Apy.
κόλπος, the Argolicus Sinus, Strab. : ἡ ’Apyoλική (xOpa),=’Apyoric,
14. : from ᾿Αργολίς, idoc, ἢ, Argolis, a district in oy ρα σεσν ὐν as
adj., 6,7, of Argolis, Argolic, ἐσθής, Kouch: Supp. 233. tApyodtori,
adv., like the Argives, in Argolic fashion, Soph. Fr. 411. "Apyodoyéw,
(ἀργός, λόγος) to talk idly. Hence ’Apyodoyia, ac, ἡ, idle talking.
᾿Αργοναύτης, ov, 6, (Ἀργώ, ναύτης) a sailor in the ship Argo, an
Argonaut. ᾿Αργοποιός, Ov, (ἀργός, ποιέω) making idle, Plut. “Apyoss
coc, τό, Argos, name of several Greek cities, of which the
Peloponnesian is the best known: in Hom. it is also put for the
district Argolis, or even for the whole Peloponnesus, Hom., Hdt.,
Thuc., ete.: adv. ’Ap— from Argos, Eur. Iph. Taur. t’Apyoc, ov, 6,
Argus, son of Jupiter and Niobe, and king of Argos, Apollod. 2, 1, 1
—2. son of Agenor, the hundred-eyed, slain by Mercury, Aesch. Pr.
568, etc., v. sq. HH. 2.—3. son of Phrixus, builder of the ship Argo,
Ap. Rh. 1, 112. "APTO’S, 7, ὄν, shining, bright, glistening, of a
goose, like Pupe’s ‘ silver swan,’ Od. 15, 161, and of a sleek, well-fed
ox, Lat. nitidus, Il, 23, 30; but most οὐ» in Hom. πύδας apyoi, as
epith. of dogs, so ἀργέποδες, ll. 24, 211, and dpyoé alone, Il. 1, 50;
18, 283, suxft-footed, because all swift motion causes a kind of
glancing, flashing or flickering, which thus connects the notions of
white and swift, ef. aié6Aoc: the old interpr. of whiteJSooted has
been long given up, as not applicable to all dogs; and that of
running without trouble, and so lightFfooted,—sq., is forced, v.
Nitzsch Od. 2, 11.—IL hence parox. “A 5°, the name of a dog
Swift.foot, Od. 17, 292,—2. prob. also the herdsman Argus, was so
called from his eyes being ever open and bright. ᾿Αργός, ὄν, rarely 7,
dv, Lob. Phryn. 105, (contr. from ἀεργός) strictly not working, esp.
not sa wk the ground, living without labour, Hat. 5, 6, ubi Valck.:
hence doing nothing, idle, lazy, slow, Soph., etc,: c. gen. rei, idle at a
thing, free from it, as τῶν οἴκοθεν, from domestic toils, Eur. 1. A.
1000, πόνων, ταλασίας, Plat. Legg. 835 Ὁ, 806 A, so ἀ. aioxpGv,
stow to evil, Aesch. Theb. 411 : also ἀ. περί τινος or Tt, Plat.: hence
of money, lying idle, yielding no return, opp. to ἐνεργός, Dem. 815,
15: of land, tying fallow, χώρα, Xen., and Isocr.—Il. pass. unwrought,
πηλός, Soph, Fr. 432, e Brunckii non). rs yupoc, χρυσός, Paus.—2.
not done, yet remaining to be done, Lat. infectus, Soph. O. T. 287,
ef. Valck. Phoen. 773!—~ 3. unattempted, μάχη, Plat. Euthyd, 272 A.
—ILI. without trouble, easy. Adv, --γῶς. tT Apyoupa, ac, 7, Argura,
the earlier “Apytoca, q. v.—2. a city of Euboea, Dem, 558, 3. 203
 APTY t’Apyvvvoe, ov, 6, Argynnus, a youth beloved by
Agamemnon, from whom Venus was called ’Apyuvvic, Ath. PApyupa,
ἄς, 7, Argyra, a city: of Achaea, near Patrae, Paus. 7, 18, 6. —2. a
fountain near it, Id. 7, 23, 1. ᾿Αργῦράγχη»: NC 1; (ἄργυρος. ἄγχω)
the silver qunsy, whic emosthenes was said to have, when he was
suspected of being bribed not to speak, and said that he had a sore
throat, Plut. Demosth. 25, ' ‘Ag veces ac, 7, money-changing, Plut.;
and ᾿Αργῦραμοιβικός, ἢ, ὄν, of, belonging to a money-changer ; ἡ --
κή, SC. τέχνη, money-changing, Luc. Adv. -κῶς : from
᾿Αργῦραμοιβός, οὔ, ὁ, (ἄργυρος, ἀμείβω) amoney-changer, banker,
Plat. Polit. 289 E. ; ᾿Αργύρασπις, ιδος, ὁ, ἢ, (ἄργυρος, ἀσπίς) silver
shielded: οἱ dpy., ἃ regiment of the Macedonian army, Polyb.
᾿Αργυρεῖον, ov, τό, @ silver-mine, usu. in plur., cf. sq.—ll. a
silversmith’s shop, Aeschin. 14, 27: strictly neut. from - "Apybpetoc,
or dpytpeioc, ov,=dpytpeoc, ἀργυρεῖα μέταλλα, silvermines, Thuc. 2,
55; 6, 91: hence "τὰ ἀργύρια ἔργα in Xen. Vect. 4, 5, and τὰ
ἀργυρεῖα alone in Aeschin. 14, 27. ᾿Αργύρεος, OF apytpéoc, a, Ov;
contr. ἀργὕροῦς, ἃ, οὖν, (ἄργυρος) silver, of silver, silvered, silver-
shining, Hom. esp. of the implements of the gods, the bowls, etc., of
the rich, and so Pind., and Att.—2. ὁ ἀργυροῦς, a silver coin.
᾿Αργῦὕρεύω, (ἄργυρος) to dig for silver, smelt silver, Diod.
᾿Αργὕρηλάτης, ov, ὁ, (ἄργυρος, ἐλαύνων one who works in silver. [6]
᾿Αργὕρήλᾶἄτος, ον; (ἄργυρος, ἐλαύve) wrought of silver, Eur. lon
1181 t’Apyupia, ac, 7, Arguria, a city of ‘Troas,. gi trab. ; -
*Apytpid.ov, ov, τό, dim. from dpjptov, Ar. Av. 1609. [pz, Meineke
Wonaha: p. 160.] « ᾿Αργῦὕρίέζω, f. -iow, (ἄργυρος) to make silver.
Mid. to make silver for one’s self, extort money, Dinarch. 95, 21.
᾿Αργῦρικός, ή, ὄν, (ἄργυρος) belonging to silver or money :--- ζημία
ἀργ.: ἃ fine, Plut. ᾿Αργῦριοθήκη, n¢, ἦν, (ἀργύριον, KN) α money-
chest. ᾿Αργῦὕριοκόπος, ὁ, (ἀργύριον, κόπτω)γΞ-εἀργυροκόπος.
᾿Αργύριον, ov, τό, (ἄργυρος) a piece of silver, (whence the dimin.
form.), Plat., etc.: also in genl. silver, and so money, Ar. Plut. 154,
etc., so too in plur. τὰ ἀργύρια, Ar. Av. 600: ἀρyupiov ἄνθος, Lat.
spuma argenti, ipp.—IL in plur.=dpyupeiov. ᾿Αργύριος, ia,
Lov.=apyupetoe, q. Vv. Τ᾽ Αργυρίππα, and -ἰππη. n¢, ἣν Argyripa, a
city of Apulia—"Apyoc Ἵππίον, now Arpi, Strab.: of ᾿Αργυριππᾶνοί,
Polyb., and -iranvoi, Strab., the inhabitants oF Mogg ᾿Αργῦρίς, idoc,
7, a silver vessel, esp. a cup, Pind. O. 9, 137, cf. Ruhnk. Tim.
᾿Αργῦὕρισμός, οὔ, ὁ, (ἀργυρίζω) a silvering, turning into silver: a
getting money, Dion. H. ᾿Αργῦὕρίτης, ov, 6, fem. ἀργυρῖτις, doe, ἡ,
of or belonging to μὲ Μία ξ = subst., silver-ore, φλὲψ ἀργυρίτιδος.
Xen. Vect. 1, 5, ef. 4, 4, and v. Béckh on Laurion in P. E, 2, p. 427.—
II. of or belonging to money, ἀγών, a contest in which the prize was
money, on the analogy, of στεφανίτης, Plat. APY
᾿Αργῦὕρογνωμονέω, ὥ, to try ΟΥ̓ assay silver: In genl, to examine
strictly : from on ᾿Αργῦὕρογνώμων, ovoc, 6, ἡ, (apyvρος: sis rea one
who tries money, an assayer, ἊΝ de Hee 378 E.. ᾿ ᾿Αργυροδίνης, ov,
ὃ. (ἄ εδίν silver-eddying, pide δ τὴν eal later also dpyupedinge, ἐς.
[i] , Ἀργῦροειδής, ἔς, (ἄργυρος, εἶδος) ~ silver, silvery, δῖναι, Eur. I.
A. ᾽Ἀργῦὕρόηλος, ov, (a oc, ἦλο ἜΣ ξίφος, wad pe ©) ᾿Αργὕροθήκη,
ἧς, ἡ,Ξ:ε ἀργύριοθήκη, Antioh. Midon ite ΙΝ ᾿Αργύρόθρονος. ov,
(ἄργυρος, θρόvoc) silver-throned. ’*Apytpoxoreiov, ov, τό, a
silversmith’s or coiner’s shop, mint, Antipho ap. Harp.: from
᾿Αργύροκοπέω, ὥ, to be an ἀργυροκόπος. to coin money.
᾿Αργύροκοπίζω, f. -iow, = foreg. ence ᾿Αργῦροκοπιστήρ, ἦρος, ὃ, α
coiner, je διὰ, ἜΡΙΝ 7. ᾿Αργύροκόπος, ὁ, (ἄργυρος, κόπτω) a Sa in
silver, ren lut. yipoKpavoc, ov, (a , KpaΠα, τ ἀρ το απο
᾿Αργὕρόκυκλος, ον, (ἄ » κύede ver-wheeled, Nowe. ’Apytpodoyéw,
ὥ, to levy money ; also c. acc., to levy money upon a country, lay it
under contribution, Thue. 2, 69; 8,3; and . "Apytpodoyia, ac, 7,.4
levying of money, Xen. Hell. 1,.1, 8: from ᾿Αργὕρολόγος, ov,
(ἄργυρος; λέγω) longing money, ναῦς, Ar. Eq. 1071, and Thue. ; cf.
Bockh P. E. 2, p.375. ᾿Αργῦὕρομϊγής; ἕς, (ἄργυρος, μίγνυμι, μιγεῖν)
mixed with silver, Strab. ᾿Αργύρόπαστος, ov, (ἄργυρος, πάσoen ow)
silver-lacquered, v. Greg. Cor. p. 454. ᾿Αργύρόπεζα, ng. ἧ, silver-
footed, phe se epith. of Rirctis, Il.; of Venus, Pind. P. 9, 16: hence
later was formed an adj. ἀργυρόπεζος, ov. ᾿Αργύρόπηχυς, v,
(ἄργυρος, πῆxuc) silver-armed, rere 42, 418. ᾿Αργύὕροποιός, 6,
(ἄργυρος, ποιέω α dake ἀπο knth.. ahs ᾿Αργὕρόπους, 6, 7, Tour, τό,
gen. ποδος, Lipioper, πούς) silver-footed, κλίνη, Xen. An. 4, 4, 21. .
᾿Αργῦροπράκτης, ov, ὁ, (ἄργυρος, πράττομαι) a money collector.
Hence ᾿Αργῦροπρακτικός, ἥ, ὄν, belonging to money-collecting.
ἦ᾿Αργῦὕρόριζος, ov, (ἄργυρος, pita) with a silver root: πηγαὶ
Tapryooov apy.s i. 6. having silver in the soil, Steae 5. ὁῥύ ΩΝ
γυρορβυτῆς, OV, ὃ. (a ¢) δὴν βάν florins Eur. H. 385, "Αργῦρος, ov,
ὁ. silver, first in Hom. : χυτὸς apy., quicksilver, v. bdpdpyvpoc: ἄνθη
ἀργύρου, Lat. spuma argenti, Hipp.—2. silver-money, and in genl.
money ; on its difference from ἀργύptov, v. Bockh P. E. 1, p. 35:
dpyvρος κοῖλος, silver-plate, cf. χρυσός. (Akin to ἀργός, ἀργής, the
white metal.) ( ᾿Αργῦὕροστερής, ἕς, (ἄργυρος. στεΩΝ Me bing Of
silver, βίος (heii a robber’s life, Aesch. Cho, 1002. ᾿Αργὕροταμίας, ov,
ὁ, (ἄργυρος, ταμίας) an officer in the tax department at Athens
under the emperors. ᾿Αργὕρότοιχος, ον, (ἄργυρος, τοῖ-. pen:
Jithiaileor sides, ὑῶν Aesch. Ag. 1539, ᾿Αργὕρότοξος, ov, (ἄργυρος.
τόξον with silver bow, Hom. as epith. o APAH Apollo, who is also
called simply τλργὐρότοξος, bearer of the silver bow, Oe ee ee ver-
mountain, a mountain In Hispamia [ιγόνρατούα τ Strab. Ἷ ;
᾿Αργύροφάλᾶἄρος, ον; (ἄργ φάAapa) with silver trappings; ᾿ Joly.
toa} ᾿Αργὕροφεγγής, ἔς, (ἄργυρος, φέγγος) HY BH Anth, —i4) .
᾿Αργὕρόφλεψ, εβος, ὃ; 7; (G ' φλέψ) with veins of silver el ae
᾿Αργῦὕροφύλαξ, ακος, ὁ, (ἄργυρος, φύλαξ) a es ἢ... ᾿
ἈΑργῦὕροχάλινος, ov, ρος, YaAwv6c) with reins of fet ne Syria '
᾿Αργὕροχοέω, @, to melt or cast silver : trom : ve Ps : ᾿Αργῦροχόος,
ὁ, (ἄργυρος, χέω) α ver. FF melter of s Σ ᾿Αργῦὕρόω, ὥ, f. -Gow,
(ἄργυρος) to turn into silver, to silver.—2. to reward with silver: Pass.
to be rewarded with silver, ere N. 10, 80, I. 2, ei ΟΝ ᾿Αργῦρώδης, ες.
(ἄργυρος; eidog)= ἀργυροειδής..-Ὡ. rich n silver} πόποζῇ Xen. Vect.
4, 3. ᾿ {if τοῦθ ᾿Αργύρωμα, ατος, τό ory pow) silver plate, mostly in
plur., uys. 50. [ tak ’Apybpavyrtor, ov, (ἄ , ὠνέο-" silver, θὲ κακῶν,
ἀδέι. i ὑφαί, Aesch. as. . at ᾿Αργυφέη, n¢, ἡ; Argyphea, a town) of
Rite, Ἡ Ἢ cope > ver-shining, Hom. Cort φ yvon sheep, Od. 10, 85,
Il. 24, 621. . ᾿Αργώ, όος contr. οὖς the 4 ΐ or ship in which Jason ea
to Col. chis, from ἀργός, swift: first in Θὰ. 12,70. Hence Prom a ne
PApyéoc, a, ov, of or belonging to the’ Argo, Shligod Eur. Med. 477:
’Apy » ῷος λιμήν, Ap. Rh. 4, 658. " "Apda, ne, ἦν (ἄρδω) dirt, re
Pherecr. Epil. 7. [ὥρδἄ, Lob. Phryn. 438 ; ᾿Αρδάλιον, ov, τό, also
ἀρδάνιον," ov, (ἄρδω) a water-pot or trough. Ὁ ΤΆρδαλος. ov, 6,
Ardalus, a cele-. brated pipe-player of Troezene, Phut.:: acc. to Paus.
2, 31,3, ason of Vulcan. *Apdadoc, ov, (ἄρδα) dirtied, soiled. Hence
Oe LICE ᾿Αρδαλόω, G, to dirty, soil, miz, Hipp. ; tii ru Τ᾽ Αρδανάξης,
or ’Apdavia, ac, ἣν Ardania, a promontory of Marmarica, Strab. _ : ix
᾿Αρδάνιον, ov, τό.---ἀρδάλιον. ΤΑρδέα, ac, 7, Ardea, ἃ city of the
Rutuliin Latium, Strab.: οἱ ἢ ται, ὧν, the inhabitants of Ardea, Di Tek
pbtidon| 6; Bind of Ulys+’Apdéac, ov, ὃ, Ardeas, son ἊΣ ses and irce,
Dion. καὶ Rests *Apdeia, ac, 7, (ἄρδω) ἃ watering either of cattle vl
fields, Strab. τ᾿ ΤΑρδέρικκα, wv, τά, Ardericea, a town of Assyria on
the Euphrates, Hat. 1, 185.—2. a place near Susa,~ Hat. 6, 119. ; fi
Btn teria enc, ἡ, (ἀρδεύω) =foreg., ᾿Αρδευτῆς, οὔ, 6, ἃ waterer. Ὁ΄.
) ᾿Αρδευτός. ή, 6v, verb. adj., watered: from ᾿Αρδεύω.Ξεἄρδω, to
water, Lat. irrigare, Aesch. Pr, 852, ; ᾿Αρδηθμός, οὔ, 6, ἀρδμός. Lyc.
ἼΑρδην, adv. contr. for ἀέρδην.
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