Positive Psychology

Ca-1 Assignment
submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of degree of

B tech (computer science engineering) submitted to

Submitted by
Name of student: Akash Sharma
Registration number :12219576
Submitted to: Dr Akhilesh Singh
Section: KO090
Course Name : Postive Psychology(PYS~292)
Topic: “Self and Personal Goals”
 SELF
Self-concept is the mental image we have of ourselves, shaped by experiences, relationships, and personal reflections. It
includes self-esteem (how we feel about ourselves), self-effeciency (our belief in our abilities), and identity (our understanding
of who we are). Interactions with significant people in our lives play a key role in reinforcing or challenging our self-concept;
for example, consistent affirmation from friends and family can strengthen positive beliefs like “I am kind,” while negative
feedback can create doubts. While self-concept provides a sense of stability, it can also evolve over time as we gain new
experiences and perspectives.

Our self-perception is important because it affects our motivations, attitudes, and behaviors. It also affects
how we feel about the person we think we are, including whether we are competent or have self-worth.

Self-concept tends to be more malleable when we're younger and still going through self-discovery and
identity formation. As we age and learn who we are and what's important to us, these self-perceptions
become much more detailed and organized.

Three Parts of Self-Concept

2. Real Self

3.Self-esteem
 Impoirtance of Self Identity

elf-identity is crucial because it acts as the foundation for how we perceive ourselves, guiding our decisions,
behaviors, and interactions with others; a strong sense of self-identity allows individuals to feel confident, make
informed choices, build healthy relationships, and navigate life's challenges with resilience, while a weak self -
identity can lead to confusion, insecurity, and difficulties in personal growth.

Key points about the importance of self-identity:

Personal Growth and Development: Knowing who you are enables you to set goals aligned with your
values and aspirations, fostering personal growth and development.

Mental Wellbeing: A positive self-identity is strongly linked to good mental health,

Decision-Making: When you understand your values and priorities, making decisions becomes easier and more
aligned with your true self.

Relationship Building: A strong self-identity allows for authentic connections with others, as you are
comfortable being yourself and can better understand others' perspectives.

Resilience: A positive self-image can help you bounce back from setbacks and challenges, as you are more
likely to believe in your ability to overcome difficulties.

Social Belonging: Identifying with certain groups or communities based on shared values can foster a sense of
belonging
 Self Concept
Self-concept refers to the overall idea of who a person thinks he or she is. If I said, “Tell me who you are,” your
answers would be clues as to how you see yourself, your self-concept. Each person has an overall self-concept that
might be encapsulated in a short list of overarching characteristics that he or she finds important. But each person’s
self-concept is also influenced by context, meaning we think differently about ourselves depending on the situation
we are in. In some situations, personal characteristics, such as our abilities, personality, and other distinguishing
features, will best describe who we are. You might consider yourself laid back, traditional, funny, open minded, or
driven, or you might label yourself a leader or a thrill seeker. In other situations, our self-concept may be tied to
group or cultural membership. For example, you might consider yourself a member of the Sigma Phi Epsilon
fraternity, or a member of the track team.

Self Esteem
Self-esteem refers to the judgments and evaluations we make about our self- concept. While self-concept is a broad
description of the self, self-esteem is a more specifically an evaluation of the self. 3 If I again prompted you to “Tell
me who you are,” and then asked you to evaluate (label as good/bad, positive/negative, desirable/undesirable) each
of the things you listed about yourself, I would get clues about your self - esteem. Like self-concept, self-esteem has
general and specific elements. Generally, some people are more likely to evaluate themselves positively while others
are more likely to evaluate themselves negatively.4 More specifically, our self-esteem varies across our life span and
across contexts

Self Efficacy
Self-Efficacy refers to the judgments people make about their ability to perform a task within a specific context. 6
As you can see in Figure 2.1.12.1.1 "Relationship between Self-Efficacy, Self-Esteem, and Self-Concept",
judgments about our self- efficacy influence our self-esteem, which influences our self-concept. The following
example also illustrates these interconnections.

Self Regulations
Self-regulation is the ability to manage stress and control impulses to maintain balance and avoid losing self -
control. It involves recognising strong emotions and making thoughtful choices instead of acting on immediate
impulses.

For example, a child might take a deep breath and calmly ask for help when frustrated with a difficult puzzle,
instead of throwing it in anger.
Self Control
Self-control is the ability to regulate one’s thoughts, emotions and behaviour. You exhibit self -control when you
don’t eat the last biscuit in a packet because you know it isn’t good for you. A child shows self-control when they
wait until after dinner to get the ice cream out of the freezer.
 Personal Goals
Personal goals are short- or long-term goals that can apply to your work, family life or lifestyle. They're meant
to motivate you to achieve what you want in life. The importance of setting goals for yourself involves your
openness and awareness of trying new things, planning your own success and taking action to improve an aspect
of your life. It can also allow you to accept accountability for what you do to ultimately grow and develop in
your life, career and relationships. Setting goals allows you to find ways to learn from mistakes and make
transitions using what you've learned.

1. Improved performance : Goals direct our energies and focus toward performing actions skillfully. Improving our
technique enhances our performance across various tasks.

2. Improved focus and persistence : They help us stay focused for longer, recognizing and emphasizing our personal
need for self-improvement.

3. More intrinsic motivation : Working toward goals typically leads to higher intrinsic motivation. Our inherent
satisfaction, interest, and curiosity increasingly drive us.

4. Increased autonomy and self-determination: Goals support the perception of being in control and able to make a
difference in the life domain in focus.

5. Heightened task enjoyment: We enjoy the tasks more, resulting in sustained engagement and effort.

6. Higher satisfaction: Individuals with clear goals typically report improved overall satisfaction.
 Psychological well-being
Psychological well-being is about lives going well. It is the combination of feeling good and functioning
effectively. Sustainable well-being does not require individuals to feel good all the time; the experience of
painful emotions (e.g. disappointment, failure, grief) is a normal part of life, and being able to manage these
negative or painful emotions is essential for long-term well-being. Psychological well-being is, however,
compromised when negative emotions are extreme or very long lasting and interfere with a person's ability to
function in his or her daily life.

The concept of feeling good incorporates not only the positive emotions of happiness and contentment, but also
such emotions as interest, engagement, confidence, and affection. The concept of functioning effectively (in a
psychological sense) involves the development of one's potential, having some control over one's life, having
a sense of purpose (e.g. working towards valued goals), and experiencing positive relationships.

Components of Psychological well-being:

Positive emotions: Feeling happy, content, interested, engaged, confident, and

Factors that impact psychological well-being

Balance of resources and challenges: The balance between a person's resources and the challenges they face
Negative emotions: Extreme or long-lasting negative emotions can interfere with daily life
Lifestyle: Exercise, eating well, and getting enough sleep can improve psychological well-being
 References:
https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-self-concept-279586

https://socialsci.libretexts.org/Courses/College_of_the_Canyons/COMS_246%3A_Interp
ersonal_Communication_(Leonard)/2%3A_Communication_and_the_Self/2.1%3A_Self-
Concept%2C_Self-Esteem_and_Self-Efficacy

https://childcarestudies.co.uk/blog/self-regulation-vs-self-control-whats-the- difference/

Diener, E. & Biswas-Diener, R. (2008). Happiness: Unlocking the Mysteries of

Adams, V. H., Snyder, C. R., Rand, K. L., King, E. A., Sigman, D. R., & Pulvers, K. M. (2002).
Hope in the workplace. In G. A. Giacolone & C. L. Jurkiewicz (Eds.), Handbook of workplace
spirituality and organizational performance (p p. 367–377). New York, NY: Sharpe.

Avolio B., Griffith, J., Wernsing, T. S., & Walumbwa, F. O. (2010). What is authentic leadership
development? In P. Linley , A. S. Harrington & N. Garcea (Eds.), Oxford handbook of positive
psychology and work (p p. 39–53). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Baker, W. (2004). Half-baked brown paper bag presentation on positive energy networks.
Unpublished manuscript, University of Michigan Business School, Ann Arbour, MI.