AMITY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, SAKET

CLASS XII:2025-26
SUBJECT:MATHEMATICS

MCQ / ASSERTION & REASON

[]
5
1. If [ x 2 0 ] −1 =[ 3 1 ]
x
−2
x [ ]
, then the value of x is

(A)−1 (B)0 (C)1 (D) 2

2. If A is a square matrix such that A = A , then the value of 7 A−(I + A )3, (where I is an identity
2

matrix) is
(A) I (B)−I (C) A (D) − A
3. If A and B the square matrices of the same order such that ( A+ B )2= A 2+ B2 , then
(A) AB=BA (B) AB=−BA (C) AB=O (D) BA=O
4. If A and B the square matrices of the same order such that AB= A and BA=B then A2 + B2 is equal
to
(A) AB (B) A+ B (C) 2 AB (D)2 BA
5. The number of skew symmetric matrices A=[ p ij ] of the order3 ×3 ,where pij ϵ {−1 , 0 ,1 } is
(A)729 (B)81 (C)27 (D) 9
T T
6. If A and B the symmetric matrices of the same order, then A B−B A is
(A) symmetric matrix (B) skew symmetric matrix (C)zero matrix (D) identity matrix

7. If A= [ ]
0 1
0 0
, then A2025 is equal to

(A)[ ] (B)[ ] (C)[ ] (D) [

0 0]
0 1 0 2025 2025 1 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 2025

If A=[ ] and B=[

−1 1 ]
x 0 4 0
8. , then the value of x for which A =B is
2
1 1
(A) −2 (B) 2 (C)−2∨2 (D) 4

9. If matrix A= [ 11 11] such that A =kA, then the value of k is

2 k

(A)32 (B)16 (C)8 (D) 5

10. For a2 ×2 matrix A=[ aij ], whose elements are given by a ij=maximum { i, j }−minimum {i , j }, ,then the
matrix A is

(A)[ ]
0 1
1 0
(B) [ ]
1 0
0 1
(C) [ ]
2 1
1 2
(D) None of these

11. If A=[ ]
cos α
sin α
, then what value of α for which A+ A ' =√ 2 I 2 Where I 2is an identity matrix?
−sin α
cos α
π π π π
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 3 4 6

[ ]
a c −1
12. If A= b 0 5 is a skew-symmetric matrix, then the value of 2 a−(b+ c) is
1 −5 0
(A)0 (B)−10 (C)10 (D) 1
13. If a matrix A is both symmetric and skew symmetric then A is necessarily a
(A) diagonal matrix (B) square matrix (C)zero square matrix (D) identity matrix
 [ ] []
1 −2 −1 −2
14. Let A= 0 4 −1 , B= −5 and C=[ 9 8 7 ], which of the following is defined?
−3 2 1 −7
(A) Only AB (B) Only AC (C) Only BA (D) All AB, AC and BA

[]
3
15. If A= 5 and B=[ 1 0 4 ] ,the value of the matrix AB is
2

[] [ ] [ ]
3 3 0 12 3 5 6
(A)[ 3 0 8 ] (B) 0 (C) 5 0 20 (D) 0 0 0
8 2 0 8 12 20 8
16. If the sum of all elements of a 3 ×3 scalar matrix is 9, then the product of all of its diagonal
elements is
(A) 0 (B)9 (C)27 (D) 81

[
17. If
x+ y 3 y
3 x x+ 3
=
][ 9
x+ 6
4 x+ y
y ]
, then ( x− y ) is
(A) −3 (B)3 (C)7 (D) −7
18. If A= [α β
γ −α ]
is such that A2=I ,then
(A) 1+α 2+ βγ=0 (B) 1−α 2 + βγ =0
(C) 1−α 2−βγ =0 (D) 1+α 2−βγ =0
Directions (19 to 20): In each of the questions given below, there are two statements marked as
Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose your answer as per the codes provided below:
( A ) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B)Both A and Rare true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C)A is true but R is false.
(D)A is false but R is true.

19. Assertion:If [
x 3
2 −1 2 y
=
][ ]
5 3
, then x=5 , y=−1

Reason: Two matrices are equal if their order are same.

20. Assertion: If A and B are symmetric matrices, then AB−BA is also a symmetric matrix.
Reason: A square matrix A is said to be skew symmetric matrix, if A=−A T ,where AT is the
transpose of matrix A .
VERY SHORT ANSWER

21. Construct a 3 ×3 matrix, A=[ aij ], whose elements are given by a ij= [ ]
i− j
i+ j
, where [ . ] denotes

greatest integer function.

22. If A= [
3 −2
4 −2 ]
, find the value of λ and μso that A2= λ A + μI . Hence find A−1.

23. Show that all the diagonal elements of a skew symmetric matrix are zero.
24. If A is a square matrix such that A2=I , then find the value of ( A−I )3 +( A + I )3−7 A , (where I is an
identity matrix).

[ ]
0 2 b −2
25. The matrix A= 3 1 3 is given to be symmetric, find value of a and b .
3 a 3 −1

[ ]
3 4
T
26. If A = −1 2 and B=
0 1
−1 2 1
1 2 3 [ ] T
then find ( AT −BT ) .
27. If [ 2 x 3 ] [−31 02][ 3x ]=0, find x.
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

28. If A= [ 12 −1
−1 ] and B=[
b −1 ]
a 1 2 2 2
,find a and b such that ( A+ B ) = A + B .

29. Find the matrix A such that [

3 2 ] [ 5 −3 ] [1 2 ]
2 1 −3 2 2 1
A = .

[ ]
2 4 −6
30. Express the matrix A= 7 3 5 as the sum of a symmetric and a skew symmetric matrix and
1 −2 4
verify your result.
31. Let A= [2 3
−1 2 ]
,then prove that A2−4 A+7 I =O . Hence or otherwise calculate A3 .

[ ]
1 0 2
32. If A= 0 2 1 , then show that A is a root of the polynomial f ( x )=x 3−6 x2 +7 x +2.
2 0 3
LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS
33. If A and B are the symmetric and skew symmetric matrices respectively such that

[ ]
2 −2 −4
A+ B= 4 −6 −5 . Evaluate AB.
−3 3 2
34. To raise money for an orphanage, students of three schools A, B and C organized an exhibition in
their locality, where they sold paper bags, scrap-books and pastel sheets made by them using
recycled paper, at the rate of Rs. 20, Rs. 15 and Rs.5 per unit respectively. School A sold 25 paper-
bags 12 scrap-books and 34 pastel sheets. School B sold 22 Paper-bags, 15 scrapbooks and 28
pastel-sheets while school C sold 26 paper-bags, 18 scrap-books and 36 pastel sheets. Using
matrices, find the total amount raised by each school.
CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS
35. Two farmers Ajay and Vijay cultivate only three varieties of rice namely Basmati, Mogra and
Jasmine. The sale (in Rs.) of these varieties of rice by both the farmers in the month of September
and October are given by the following matrices A and B.
September Sales (in Rs.)
Basmati Mogra Jasmine
A=
[
10000 20000 30000
50000 30000 10000
Ajay
Vijay ]
October Sales (in Rs.)
Basmati Mogra Jasmine
B=
[
5000 10000 6000
20000 10000 10000
Ajay
Vijay ]
Based on the above information, answer the following questions by using matrices:

(i) Find the combined sales in September and October for each farmer in each variety. 1M
(ii) Find the decrease in sales from September to October for each farmer in each variety. 1M
(iii) If both farmers receive 2% profit on gross sales, then compute the profit for each farmer and for
each variety sold in October.
36. A manufacturer produces three stationery products Pencil, Eraser and sharpener which he sells in
two markets. Annual sales are indicated below:
 Market Products
I 10,000 2,000 18,000
II 6,000 20,000 8,000
If the unit sale price of Pencil, Eraser and sharpener are Rs.2.50, Rs.1.50 and Rs.1.00 respectively,
the unit cost of the above three products are Rs.2.00, Rs.1.00 and Rs.0.50 respectively.
Based on the above information, answer the following questions by using matrices:
(i) Revenue of market I and II. 1M
(ii) Cost incurred in market I and II. 1M
(iii) Total Profit. 2M

PROBABILITY

MCQ / ASSERTION & REASON

1
37. A and B appeared for an interview for two vacancies. The probability of A’s selection is and that
5
B’s selection is 3, then the probability that none of them is selected is
11 7 8 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
15 15 15 5
38. The probability that it will rain on any particular day is 50%, then the probability that it rain only on
first 4 days of the week is

() () ()
3 4 7
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2
39. Two cards are drawn at random and without replacement from a pack of 52 playing cards, then the
probability that both the cards are black is

25 3 3 16
(A) (B) (C) (D)
102 110 52 47
40. If A and B be two events such that P ( A )=0.6 , P ( B )=0.2 , and P ( A / B )=0.5 then value of P( A ' / B' )
is
1 3 6 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
10 10 7 8
41. Let A and B be two events. If P (A) = 0.2, P (B) = 0.4, P (A∪B) = 0.6, then P (A | B) is equal to
(A) 0.8 (B) 0.5 (C) 0.3 (D)0
42. If A and B are independent events such that 0 < P (A) < 1 and 0 < P (B) < 1, then which of the
following is not correct?
(A) A and B are mutually exclusive (B) A and B′ are independent

(C) A′ and B are independent (D) A′ and B′ are independent

43. What is the probability of obtaining an even prime number on each die when a pair of dice is rolled?

1 1 15 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
10 10 33 6
44. Find the value of k for the probability distribution of a discrete random variable X given below:
X 2 3 4 5
P(X) 5 7 9 11
K K K K

(A) 15 (B) 17 (C) 29 (D) 32

 1 1 1
45. If A and B are two events such that P( A)=¿ , P(B)= and P( A ∩ B)= , then P(not A∧not B) is
4 2 8
2 3 3 7
(A) (B) (C) (D)
7 14 8 11
46. Let X be a discrete random variable. The probability distribution of X is given below:
X 30 10 10
P(X) 1 3 1
5 10 2
Then E (X) is equal to

(A) 6 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D)– 5

1 1 2
47. Assertion (A): If P( A)=¿ , P ( A ∩ B ) = , then the value of P(B∨ A)=¿
2 3 3
P ( A ∩ B)
Reason (R): P(B∨ A)=¿
P( A)
(A)Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B)Both A and Rare true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C)A is true but R is false.
(D)A is false but R is true.
48. Assertion( A): If P(A) = 0.2 , P ( B )=0.3 and A and B are independent events the P ( A ∩B )=0.06
Reason (R): when A and B are independent events then P ( A ∩B )=P ( A ) . P(B)
(A)Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B)Both A and Rare true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C)A is true but R is false.
(D)A is false but R is true.

VERY SHORT ANSWER

2
49. Let A and B be two events such that the probability of exactly one of them occurs is and the
5
1
probability that A or B occurs is , then find the probability that both of them occur together.
2
50. A die thrown two times and the sum of the scores appearing on the die is observed to be a multiple
of 4, then find the conditional probability that the score 4 has appeared at least once.
51. If A and B be two independent events, then prove that A' and B are also independent.
52. Consider the experiment of tossing a coin. If the coin shows head, toss it again, but if it shows tail,
then throw a die. Find the conditional probability of the event that ‘the die shows a number greater
than 4’ given that ‘there is at least on tail’.
53. 12 cards, numbered 1 to 12, are placed in a box, mixed up thoroughly and then a card is drawn at
random from the box. If it is known that the number on the drawn card is more than 3, find the
probability that it is an even number.
54. A cupboard A has 4 red carpets and 4 blue carpets, and a cupboard B has 3 red carpets and 5 blue
carpets. A carpet is selected from a cupboard and the carpet is chosen from the selected cupboard
such that each carpet in the cupboard is equally likely to be chosen. Cupboards A and B can be
selected in 1/5 and 3/5 ways respectively. Given that a carpet selected in the above process is a
blue carpet, find the probability that it came from the cupboard B.
55. A speaks truth in 60% of the cases, while B in 90% of the cases. In what percentage of cases are
they likely to contradict each other in stating the same fact?
56. Let R be a relation on a set A={ 1 ,2 } , then find the probability that the relation R is both symmetric
and transitive.
2 1
57. If A and B are two independent events such that P ( A ∩B )= and P ( A ∩B )= , then find P ¿
15 6
and B ¿.
3 5
58. The probabilities of two students A and B coming to the school in time are and respectively.
7 7
Assuming that the events, ‘A coming in time’ and ‘B coming in time’ are independent, find the
probability of only one of them coming to the school in time.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

59. Find the probability distribution of the number of doublets in three throws of a pair of dice and
hence find its mean.
5
60. If E and F are two independent events with P(E)=¿p, P(E)=2p and P ( exactly one of E , F )= .
9
then find the value of p.
61. A pot contains 5 red and 2 green balls. At random a ball is drawn from this pot. If a drawn ball is
green then put a red ball in the pot and if a drawn ball is red then put a green ball in the pot, while
drawn ball is not replaced in the pot, Now, we draw another ball randomly, then find the probability
of second ball is to be red.
1 1
62. If A and B are two independent events such that P ( A ∩B )= and P ( A ∩B )= , then find P( A)
4 6
and P(B).
63. From a lot of 15 bulbs which include 5 defectives, a sample of 2 bulbs is drawn at random (without
replacement. Find the probability distribution of the number of defective bulbs.
64. Two cards are drawn simultaneously (without replacement) from a well-shuffled pack of 52 cards.
Find the probability distribution of the number of aces. Also find the mean of the distribution.
65. A random variable X has the following probability distribution:

X 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
P(X 0 K 2K 2K 3K K
2
2K
2 2
7 K +K
Determine: (i) K (ii) P( X< 3) (iii) P( X> 6) (iv) P(0< X <3).
3 5
66. The probabilities of two students A and B coming to the school in time are and respectively.
7 7
Assuming that the events, ‘A coming in time’ and ‘B coming in time’ are independent, find the
probability of only one of them coming to the school in time.
67. In a class, 5% of the boys and 10% of the girls have an IQ of more than 150. In the class 60% of the
students are boys and rest girls. If a student is selected at random and found to have an IQ of more
than 150, find the probability that the student is a boy.
68. An urn contains 3 white and 6 red balls. Four balls are drawn one by one with replacement from the
urn. Find the probability distribution of the number of red balls drawn. Also find the mean.

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

69. Given three identical boxes, I, II and III each containing two coins. In box I, both coins are gold coins,
in box II, both are silver coins and in box III, there is one gold and our silver coin. A person chooses a
 box at random and takes out a coin. If the coin is gold, what is the probability that the other coin in
the box is also gold?
70. In a group of 400 people, 160 are smokers and non-vegetarian, 100 are smokers and vegetarians
and the remaining are non-smokers and vegetarians. The probability of getting a special chest
disease is 35%, 20% and 10% respectively. A person is chosen from the group at random and is
found to be suffering from the disease. What is the probability that the selected person is a smoker
and non-vegetarian?
71. Bag I contains 2 white, 1 black and 3 red balls and Bag II contains 3 black, 2 red and n-white balls.
One bag is chosen at random and 2 balls drawn from it at random, are found to be 1 red and 1
6
black. If the probability that both balls come from the bag I is , then find the value of n.
11
72. A bag contains 4 balls. Two balls are drawn at random (without replacement) and are found to be
white. what is the probability that all balls in the bag are white?

CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS

73. There are 3 categories of students in a class of 60 students, A: very hard-working student, B: a
regular but not so hard working, C: careless and irregular student. It is known that 6 student in
category A, 26 in category B, and the rest of the category C. It is also found that probability of
students of category A unable to get good marks in final year examination is 0.002, of category B it
is 0.02 and of category C, this probability is 0.20.
Based on the above information answer the following:

(i) Find the probability that a students selected at random unable to get good marks in the final
examination. [2M]
(ii) A student selected at random was found to be one who could not get good marks in the
final examination. Find the probability, that this student is not of category A.
[2M]

74. The Indian and Pakistan teams faced off in the championship hockey match. After a nail-biting 60
minutes, the score was tied 3-3. The crowd was on the edge of their seats, awaiting the winner.
Referee Raman devised an unconventional tiebreaker: a die-throwing contest between the
captains. Indian Team captain, Harmanpreet Singh, would start. The first captain to roll a six would
secure the championship for their team.
 Based on the above information, answer the following questions:

(i) If Pakistan team win the championship, what's the probability they won on their third throw?
[2 M]

(ii) What is the probability of Indian team win the championship? [2 M]

−1
{ (
75. Find the value of ‘k’ if sin k tan 2 cos
−1 √ 3
2
π
= .
3 )}
76. Find the domain of the function f ( x )=sin−1 (|x−1|) .
77. Evaluate sin−1 ( sin 2 ) .
78. Let A be a set consisting n elements. Find the number of functions from A × A to A .
79. Let A and B be two sets with m and n elements respectively ( m<n ).How many onto functions can be
defined from A to B?
−1 −1 π
80. If tan x + tan y= , xy< 1, then write the value of x + y + xy .
4
81. Let A={ x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ,… … … … … , x n } and B={ x , y }. Find the number of onto functions from A to B.

82. Prove that

8 4
− sin ()
9 π 9 −1 1 9 −1 2 √ 2
= sin
3 4 3 ( )
.

83. Let A and B be two sets with 7 and 6 elements respectively. How many bijective functions can be
defined from A to B?
−1 −1 −1 −3 π
84. If x , y , z ∈ [−1 , 1 ] such that sin x +sin y +sin z= . Find the value of
2
x + y + z −2025 xyz .
2025 2025 2025

SECTION- B

85. Show that the function f : R → R defined as f ( x )=| x+1|+|x−1| is neither one-one nor onto.
86. Let A={ 1 ,2 , 3 } ,then write down all possible equivalence relations on A.
87. Write into the simplest form: cot−1 ( √ 1+ x 2−x ).
88. Show that the fractional part function f ( x )= { x } is neither one-one nor onto.
89. Let | A|=n , then find the possible value(s) of n for which number of reflexive relations is equal to
number of symmetric relations on a set A.
90. Let S be a non empty set of children in a family and R be a relation on S defined byaRb iffa is a
brother of b , then check whether the relation R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
91. Check whether the relation R=∅ on the set A={ a , b , c }is reflexive, symmetric or transitive.
92. Check whether the relation S defined as S= {( a , b ) :a ≤ b2 ∧a , b ∈ R } is reflexive, symmetric and
transitive.

( ) ( )
2
−1 2x −1 1−x π
93. Solve for x : tan 2
+cot = ,−1< x<1.
1−x 2x 3

SECTION- C
94. Considering only the principal values of the inverse trigonometric functions, then find the value of

(√ ) (
+ sin √ 2 + tan −1 √ .
) ( )
−1
3 2 1 2 2π 2
cos 2
2 2+ π 2 2+ π π
95. Let S be the relation defined as S= {( l 1 ,l 2 ) :l 1 is perpendicular ¿ l 2∧l 1 ,l 2 ∈ L }, where L be the set of all
lines in a plane. Check whether the relation S is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.

{
n
,if nis even
2
96. Check whether the function f : N → N defined by f ( x )= , is one-one and onto.
n+1
,if n is odd
2
97. Show that the function f : [−4 , 4 ] → [ 0 , 4 ] given by f ( x )= √ ( 16−x 2 ), show that f ( x ) is an onto
function, but not is one-one function. Further, find all possible values of ‘t’ for which f (t)= √ 7 .
98. Check whether the relation S= { ( a , b ) :a−b+ √ 3 is an irrational number∧a ,b ∈ R } on the set R ,
where R is the set of real numbers, is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.

99. Prove that cos [ tan−1 { sin ( cot−1 x ) }] =

√ 1+ x 2
2+ x
2
.

100. Let f : R− {−43 }→ R be a function defined as f ( x )=

4x
3 x+ 4
. Show that f ( x ) is one-one

function. Also check whether f ( x ) is an onto function or not.

SECTION-D

101. Let R be a relation on the set Z of integers given by aRb iff a=5n b for some integer n, then
check whether the relation R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
102. Let N denote the set of all natural numbers and R be the relation on N × N defined by
(a ,b) R(c , d) ifa−c=b−d ∀ a , b , c , d ∈ N then show that R is an equivalence relation. Also find the
equivalence class of ( 1 , 2 ).
103. Check whether the function f : R → R defined as f ( x )=x 2 + x +1 is one-one and onto.

104. Prove that the relation R= ( z 1 , z 2 ) :

z1−z 2
{
z 1+ z 2 }
is purely real∧z1 , z 2 ∈C 0 on the set C 0, where C 0

is the set of none-zero complex numbers, is an equivalence relation.

√
2
1+ x
cos [ tan { sin ( cot−1 x ) }] =
−1
2
.
2+ x