MCI 0820D MARINE CORPS INSTITUTE THE M198, 155MM TOWED HOWITZER STUDENT REFERENCE HANDBOOK MARINE BARRACKS WASHINGTON, DCUNITED STATES MARINE CORPS amine compa iwstrrure AmuwcTou, vA. 22212-0001 oss senate 3 Aug 92 STUDENT REFERENCE FOLDER FOR MCI 08.20, THE M198, 155MM TOWED HOWITZER Purpose. The Student Reference Folder for MCI course 08.20d, The M198, tains excerpts from TM 9-1025-211-10, Operator's Manual cont for Howitzer, Medium, Towed, 155MM M198. 2. Scope. The Student Reference Folder is used to teach the student how to use the Operator's Manual forall purposes, and is used in conjunction with the course text to provide instruction in the duties of the section members in usual and unusual conditions. ‘The Student Reference Folder is also used to teach the student how to conduct all fire control tests. 3. Applicability. This Student Reference Folder is intended for instructional Burposes only and isnot to be used asa reference for operating, testing or maintaining 4. Recommendations. Comments and recommendations on the contents of the Student Reference Folder are invited and will aid in subsequent revisions. Please complete the course evaluation questionnaire located at the end of the course text and return it to: Director (CDD # 6) Marine Institute Arlington, VA 22222-0001 go. ha H, L. HUGHES Director of EducationTM 9-1025-211-10 WARNINGS All personnel that operate and/or maintain the howitzer must be aware of the following special precautions. RADIATION HAZARD Rules and Regulations Copies of the following rules and regulations are maintained at HO, AMCCOM, Rock island, IL 61289-6000. Copies may be requested or information obtained by contacting the AMCCOM Radiological Protection Officer (RPO), AUTOVON. 793-2964, Commercial (309) 782-2964, 1OCFR Part 19—Notices, instructions and Reports to Workers; Inspections. }OCFR Part 20~Standards for Protection Against Radiation. 4 Ssfety Precautions ctive material Used in this instrument is tritium gas (H.) sesled in tt poses no significant hazard to the repairman when intact. These te ‘the instrumentation for night operations. Tampering with or maval of the sources in the field is prohibited by Federal law. in the event “there fa no Hlumination, notify the local Radiological Protection Officer. Do not stempt to repair the level vials or the instrument in the field. If skin 4 ‘Adentification ‘seiftuminous ‘sources are identitied by means of radioactive warming above). These labels should not be defaced or removed, and should be /when necesaary. Refer to the local RPO or the AMCCOM on handling, storage, or disposal. oe ree oe ithe shipping container. Spare equipment must be stored in the ship- #8 received, until installed on the weapon. Storage of these ‘ ) in ‘an outdoor shed-type storage or unoccupied ammunition i Renin ot firing. When possible, chamber am on except a to firing. , ‘or unloed ammunition within & minutes after chambering. Ammunition left long in @ hot or warm weapon can result in cookoffe or inbore explosions “which are hezardous to personnel. Use of ammunition other than that prescribed ‘this manuel is prohibited. 4TM 9-1025-211-10 WARNINGS: sik ei (cont) fm HEARING PROTECTION ‘The M198 howitzer can generete blest overpressure which may damege oF Cause injury to lungs or sinuses if proper protective measures ere not follow- od. |. Supervised wearing of earplugs le required at all times, with the e-a- type {plastic roll) preferred. The effects of blast cen be reduced by moving farther to ‘the rear of the weapon. For this reason, all crew members not required to tire ‘the weapon should move away as far to the rear as precticable. Any crewman ‘who experiences such problems as shortness of breath or bleeding from nose mouth must be immediately transported to 8 medicel facility for evaluation.‘TM 9-1025-211-10 ‘Stickers may occur when firing charge 2. When stickers occur, the projectile fodges in tube and hot gasses under pressure are trapped in the chamber. ‘Remavel of the primer is dangerous as it-will be shooting rearward when releas- stand feliind the breech when removing the primer; the expelled ‘tn case of a MISFIRE/HANGFIRE, follow the Misfire procedures for tube ‘temperature. When breech is opened, to remove the powder charge snd primer, A grata a cating to chamber wes oft stam the charge or close the breech, immediately evacuate the area and notify EOD. Before attempting to shift direction of howitzer by using speed shitt cylinder sosery. be be sure weepon fa oof a sremunition and ‘and WHEELS lever is in the ‘wheel and tire ere heevy. To remove or instal, use a holet if avellable. Hf snot avalable two Drewmen are raquired to remove of install wheel and Aton lohoruaisn Ga fret 04 Che 21 11. lid blank)‘TM 9-1028-211-10" Technical Manual HEADQUARTERS No, 9-1026-211-10° DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY Washington D.C., 14 January 1991 OPERATOR'S MANUAL FOR HOWITZER, MEDIUM, TOWED: 155-MM, M198. (1025-01-026-6648) REPORTING ERRORS AND RECOMMENDING IMPROVEMENTS You can help improve this manual. If you find any mistakes or if you know of @ way to improve the procedures, let us know. Mail your letter, DA Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to Publi ind Blank Forms) or DA Form 2028-2 located in the back of this manual direct to: Commander, US Army Armament, Munitions and Chemical Command, ATTN: AMSMC-MAS, Rock Island, IL 61299-6000. A reply will be furnished to you. WARNING —This document contsins export-controlled technical data whose port is restricted by the Arms Export Control Act (Title 22, U.S.C., Sec 2751 et eq) or Executive Order 12470. Violation of these export laws are subject to ‘severe criminal penalties. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT C. Distribution authorized to U.S. Government ‘egencies and their contractors. This publication is required for sdministration and ‘operational purposes, as deter ‘1 May 1988. Other requests for this docu- ‘ment shall be referred to Commander, U.S. Army Armament, Munitions and ‘Chemical Command, ATTN: AMSMC-MAS, Rock Island, IL 61299-6000. DESTRUCTION NOTICE—For classified, limited documents, destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document. ‘TABLE OF CONTENTS HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL . CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ... Section | General information... t Equipment Description . . Ii Technical Principles of Operation IV Section Drill This manual supersedes TM 9-1025-211-10, dated 1 October 1878, including all chenges In their entirety.TM 9-1025-211-10 CHAPTER CHAPTER Section CHAPTER Section CHAPTER CHAPTER APPENDIX ‘APPENDIX. Section APPENDIX Section APPENDIX Section Page 2. OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS ..... peeee een. 1 Description and Use of Operator's Controls and indicators... 4.2... 21 [Preventive Maintenance Checks and Services (PMCS)]............ [210 wt [Operation Under Usual Conditions 2-49 1V_Operation Under Unusual Conditions . . Peer ; 2-110 v [Mistiring and Check Firing Procedures] ............0--0+ . Bag 3. MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS . 34 1 Lubrication Instructions . . 5 1 1 [Troubleshooting Procedures 7 [Maintenance Procedures]... - see 315 1V_ Cannon Maintenance Procedures 3-16 V. Recoil Mechanism Maintenance Procedures . 3.31 VI Carriage Maintenance Procedures . . 5 +. 3-32 Vil Fire Control Equipment Maintenance Procedures... 3-46 Vill Maintenance of Auxiliary Equipment ....... 5 ; 3-48 1X Fire Control Alinement Tests and Measurements . + 349 4 AMMUNITION. ...... 4 1 General. = 24. “ MM Maintenance . .. IV_ M712 Heat, Cannon-Launched, Guided Projectile and M823 Training Projectile (Copperhead) .........-++ ppeener 4-60 & FOREIGN AMMUNITION (NATO) .......-. 2-0-0 0-0-0200 eres 51 6 DEMOLITION OF MATERIEL TO PREVENT ENEMY USE .. 61 ‘A. REFERENCES At 8 COMPONENTS OF END ITEM AND BASIC ISSUE ITEMS LISTS - - 84 1 Introduction . . . Ba 1 Components of End Item B2 IW Basic Issue Items. BS © ADDITIONAL AUTHORIZATION LIST . Let 1 Introduction... . :ct Additional Authorization List - 2 C4 D_ EXPENDABLE/DURABLE SUPPLIES AND MATERIALS LIST . 204 1 Introduction . . . D1 Il Expendable/Durable Supplies and Materials List D-1IM 9 1025 211 10 Page APPENDIX £ STOWAGE AND SIGN GUIDE FOR COMPONENTS OF END ITEM, BASIC ISSUE ITEMS, AND APPLICABLE ADDITIONAL AUTHORIZATION LIST ITEMS, e1 ALPHABETICAL INDEX Index 1 HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL GENERAL a. Whenever the masculine gender (i.e., crewman) is used in this manual, it includes both masculine and feminine genders. b. The text is keyed to the illustrations by numbered callouts. When an item ts called out procedure, a number in parentheses in the text corresponds with a circled number on the illustration. c. Some illustrations of the howitzer may have equilibrator ballistic shields and the recoil mechanism ballistic shield removed for clarity. d._ The preventive maintenance checks and services table (p 2 10) includes equipment serviceability criteria. The information normally found in the For readiness reporting - . column 1s in the Procedures column. @. Procedures for unmodified howitzers, where applicable, are provided before procedures for modified howitzers. INDEXES ‘a. Front Cover index. A page reference index of often used portions of the manual b. Table of Contents. Lists all’chapters and their sections, appendixes, and alphabetu in order and gives page references to where they begin. ¢. Chapter Indexes. All chapters coritain indexes with page references d. Section indexes. Lists each paragraph contained in the section and a page reference to the first page of the paragraph. ‘@. Symptom Index. This quick guide to troubleshooting lists common malfunctions in alphabetical order with a page reference to the test or inspection and corrective action {. Alphabetical Index. At the back of the book tells you where in the manual to find a pin ticular subject. NOMENCLATURE CROSS-REFERENCE LIST Throughout this manual, most items are referred to by then official nomenclature On page 1 2. the items referred to by their common names are listed alphabetically and are followed by then official nomenctature. ‘i fiv blankTM 9-1025-211-10 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Chapter Index Page Section |. General Information wt Section tl. Equipment Description 14 Section Ill. Technical Principles of Operation 1-18 Section IV. Section Drill F 118 Section |. GENERAL INFORMATION Poge Scope 11 Maintenance Forms and Records 1-2 d Receipt (HR) nuals . 12 Reporting Equipment Improvement Recommendations (EIR’s) 1-2 Corrosion Prevention and Control 1-2 Nomenclature Cross-Reference List . 1-2 List of Abbreviations/Acronyins 1-3 Glossary 1-4 FULL EXTERNAL VIEW OF M188, 185MM, ‘MEDIUM, TOWED HOWITZER SCOPE om ‘This manual tells the howitzer crew how to operat in the howitzer in the field. It also includes training procedures. ‘Type of Manual. Operator's Manual. Model Number and Equipment Name. Howitzer, Medium, Towed: 155-mm, M198. Purpose of Equipment. To provide artillery fire in support of ground-gaining troops. Special Inclusions in Manual. This manu includes section drill procedures on page 1-18. WwTM 9-1025-211.10 1-2, MAINTENANCE FORMS AND RECORDS Department of the Army forms and procedures used for equipment maintenance will be those prescribed by DA PAM 738-750, The Army Maintenance Management System (TAMMS) 1-3. HAND RECEIPT (HR) MANUALS. This manual has @ companion document with a TM number followed by “’-HR"’ (which stands for Hand Receipt). The TM 9-1025-211-10-HR consists of pre-printed hand receipts (DA Form 2062) that list end item related equipment (i.e., COEI, Bll, and AAL) you must account for. As an aid to property accountability, additional -HR manuals may be requisitioned from the following source in accordance with procedures in Chapter 3, AR 25-30: Commander US Army Publications Distribution Center-St. Louis ATTN: SFIS-APC:S-OC 1655 Woodson Road St. Louis, MO 63114-6181 1-4, REPORTING EQUIPMENT IMPROVEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS (EIR’s) If your M198 howitzer needs improvement, let us know. Send us an EIR. You, the user, are the ‘only one who can tell us what you don’t like about your equipment. Let us know why you don’t like the design or performance. Put it on an SF 368 (Product Quality Deficiency Report). M to us at Commander, Headquarters US Army Armament, Munitions and Chemical Command, ATTN: AMSMC-MAS, Rock Island, IL 61299-6000. We'll send you a reply. 1-5. CORROSION PREVENTION AND CONTROL a. Corrosion prevention and control (CPC) of Army materiel is a continuing concern. It is im- portant that any corrosion problems with this item be reported so that the problem can be cor- fected and improvements can be made to prevent the problem in future items. b. While corrosion is typically associated with rusting of metals, it can also include deteriora- tion of other materials such as rubber and plastic. Unusual cracking, softening, swelling, or breaking of these materials may be a corrosion problem. If a corrosion problem is identified, it can be reported using SF 368, Product Quality Deficiency Report. Use of key words such as “corrosion,” “rust,”” ““deterioration,”’ or “‘cracking’’ will assure that the information is identified as a CPC problem. Submit the form to: Commander. US Army Armament, Munitions and Chemical Command, ATTN: AMSMC-QAD/Customer Feedback Center, Rock Island, IL 61299:6000 1-6. NOMENCLATURE CROSS-REFERENCE LIST This listing includes the nomenclature cross-reference list. list of abbreviations/acronyms, and explanation of terms (glossary) used in this manual. COMMON NAME OFFICIAL NOMENCLATURE Dipstick Liquid gage rod-cap Emergency hose assembly Hose assembly Handbrakes Left and right manual brake assemblies Pantel M137 panoramic telescope Service hose assembly Hose assembly ‘Spade key Machine key SPEEDSHIFT lever Selector valve handle WHEELS lever Selector valve handle 12TM 9-1025-211-10 1-7. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS/ACRONYMS, ‘The following alphabetical list gives definitions for the abbreviations and acronyms used in this ‘manual. ADAM . Area denial artillery munition BCs . Battery computer system BE... Base-ejection CHG... Charge cLGP. Cannon-launched, guided proje comp ‘Composition cP eeeeeeeeeeeer ere + Concrete-piercing CTA eee ee eee ; LL Common table of allowances OF... cove eee eteeeeteeeteees ween ... «Deflection i pocoRsesn6d . VLLLLLLIL. equivatent full charge 0D. ; Explosive ordnance disposal eT. : Electronic time fz.. Seeeeee rene nene renee Eenn nen : .. Fuze GB ceeeeee eee fo Green bag 4 : . 12... Mustard gas Hl LULL White chemical smoke mixture HD Lissrrssrssesess Distilled mustard gas HE High-explosive oe High-explosive, anti-tank +. High-explosive, rocket-assisted - Improved conventional munitions +++ Joint table of allowance . =Mechsnical time "Modified tables of organization and equipment ; . Mechanical time and superquick ce Newton meters. "1 Requires removal of supplementary if present saeeeneeennnn et Point-detonating Propelling Proximity Quadrant elevation ‘Remote anti-armor mine system Red bag Remarks Re iological protection offi - Standard operation procedure , 7 Superquick : Supplementary . Tables of distribution and allowances - Time 21221 Tables of organization and equipment + «Thermal warning device Variable time | Persistent toxic casualty nerve gas ..... White bag ‘White phosphorous ‘Weapon raft, general purpose, wide temperature range Greas 13TM 9-1025-211-10 1-8. GLOSSARY The following is an alphabetical listing of terms with definitions used in this manual. These ‘terms need explanation and are not defined within the text a. Front of Weapon. The muzzie end of the howitzer. b. Howitzer Section. Those personne! specified by the current table of organization and equipment that make up a howitzer section. ¢. Left Side of Weapon. At a person’s left- hand side when standing at the breech end of the weapon, facing toward the cannon muzzle. d. Rear of Weapon. The breech end of the howitzer. ‘©. Right Side of Weapon. At a person's tight-hand side when standing at the breech end of the weapon, facing toward the cannon muzzle. REAR Section Il. EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION Section index Paragraph 1-9. Equipment Characteristics, Capabilities, and Features 1-10. Location and Description of Major Components 1:11. Modification and System improvement Packege 1-12. Data Plates 1-13. Equipment Data 14‘TM 9-1026-211-10 1-9. EQUIPMENT CHARACTERISTICS, CAPABILITIES, AND FEATURES ‘a. The M198 howitzer provide providing both nuclear and nonnuc! Neral support field artillery firing for the light divisions by firing. NOTE ‘A modified travel lock (to be fabricated by direct support maintenance) will be installed on all howitzers bei ifted by the CH47/CH47D helicopter. The modified travel lock will prevent damage to the helicopter and is to be used for airlift only, and not for towing the howitzer. b, The M198 is an extended range, split-trail wespon that can be towed by a vehicle or airlifted by 8 CH47/CH47D helicopter. The carriage has a retractable suspension system and @ top carriage which can be rotated 3200 mils to decrease overall length for shipment or storage. c. The fire control equipment may be used by one or two crewmen for direct or indirect fire. ‘The gunner on the left side controls left and right (traversing) settings and the assistant gunner ‘on the right side controls up and down (elevation) settings. The equipment can also be operated by @ gunner on the left side controlling both traversing and elevation settings. All vials, reticies, and counters on the fire control and accessory equipment are radioactively illuminated. d._ The medium weight M198 howitzer has a low profile, may be emplaced rapidly, and has a 6400-mil speed shift assembly. 1-10. LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS: a Howitzer Positions. The firing, stowed, and towed positions for the M198 howitzer are as wn, 16‘TM 9-1025-211-10 1-10. LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS (cont) 'STOWED POSITION NOTE ‘The muzzle brake is removed to tow the weapon in the stowed position. ‘TOWED POSITION b. Howitzer Components. Familiarize yoursell with the components of the M198 howitzer. Start with item number 1; then go to numbers 2, 3, 4, 5; and continue until you reach number 37. Go to page 2-1 for a detailed description of the controls and indicators. Seorvousuns 16 Component Gun tube travel lock Brake precheck Service and emergency hose assembles Cam lock Trail lock handle assembly Lifting handle Right trail TraiLretaining pin BCS gun assembly (GA) bracket SpadeTM 9-1025-211-10 WwTM 9-1025-211-10 1-10. LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS (cont) 17__M172 telescope and quadrant mount 18 Equilibrator cylinder (both sides) 19 Oil reserve indicator 20 Muzzle brake 21 22 23 19 handwheel (both sides) 24 contro! lever (both sides) 25 Travel lock assembly 26 — Manifold assembly 27 Ball 28 Lock release lever35 36 37 Recoil mechanism M171 telescope and quadrant mount Traversing handwheel Manual contro! lever (both sides) Elevating handwheel (both sides) M90 chronograph antenna mounting bracket Thermal warning device Firing mechanism Coarse azimuth scale TM 9-1025-211-10TM 9.1025.211-10 1-11, MODIFICATION AND SYSTEM IMPROVEMENT PACKAGE NOTE This manual covers both modified and unmodified M198 howitzers. Illustrations and procedures are for the modified howitzer, unless procedures for both modified and unmodified components or assemblies are required for clarity. Pro- cedures that are for the modified howitzer and do not pertain to the unmodified howitzer can be ignored. All US Army M198 howitzers are scheduled to be equipped with a system im- provement package (MWO 9-1025-211-0-3). This MWO will effect the M39 carriage assembly only. The following is a brief description of the MWO and areas affected. a. Top Carriage Assembly. (1) Equilibrators: Warnings on ballistic shields and 8 warning for repairmen that nitrogen Pressure must be bled to zero PSI before performing maintenance. (2) Equilibrator adjustment screw: Improved adjustment screw components, makes adjust- ment of equilibrators easier and adds a cover to keep debris from the screw and slide ar (3) Adjustment scales and pointers: Moved to inside of top ca tanglement of camouflage nets. e uprights, eliminate en- (4) Top carriage: Self contained automatic traverse lock, easier to engage and eliminates damage to hydraulic brake line. (5) Traverse mechanism shi and actuator arm. liminating interference between traversing angle dri (6) Universal joint bellows: Help contain lubricants in their place. (7) Cradle struts. to strengthen the travel lock mbly: Gussets welded to travel lock a b. Bottom Carriage Assembly. (1) Suspension: New axle bushings to help eliminate excessive friction while raising the howitzer to the towed position. New lock mechanism easier to lock base plate in position. (31 Hydraulic brake system: Brake precheck system, more efficient way to check brake condition prior to towing howitzers. (2) Firing base plat (4) Snorkel breather system: Connects power booster to trail to eliminate water intake into the power booster during fording operations. (5) New drain cock: Provides crew easier access to bleed pressure in the emergency ait tank. (6) Covers and standoffs for, brake lines and brake hose assembly hookup diagram: To help keep howitzer brakes system operable. 1-10‘TM 9-1025-211-10 (7) Lifting handle assemblies: Located on either trail to provide extended lifting capacity to the howitzer. {8) Retention assemblies: Positive hold-downs for spade keys, airlift clevis assemblies, and receptacles for spade key and trail lock pins. (9) Cam lock assembly: Provides a positive tock for the trail lock mechanism. (10) Spade bracket and airlift damage to these areas. 1-12, DATA PLATES For location of d bolt weldments: Provide protection to help eliminate Plates, refer to the following illustrations.TM 9-1025-211-10 1-12. DATA PLATES (cont) CAUTION HIGH INTENSITY NOISE HEARING PROTECTION REQUIREDTM 9-1025-211-10 TF FOUND RETURN TO AMIUTARY BASE DISPOSAL PER AR7S5.15TM 9-1025-211-10 1-12. DATA PLATES (cont) cs 5 :AUTION s| VIALS e} WsOTOPE H3 CURIES 250 DATE A MILITARY BASE DISPOSAL PER AR7S5-151-13, EQUIPMENT DATA a, Howitzer Performance Dats. Brakes: Parking Service Breech life Breech type Dimensions (travel conditions): Ground clearance at ball of firing baseplate . Height at muzzle brake (towed position) Length: Eining position (without spades) Stowed position . Towed position ...... 2... - Tread (center-to-center). Width (towed position)... .. EFC rating ........ 2. Handwhee! load: Elevating Traversing Length of recoil (zone 8 (M203): ‘Min to 500 mils. 501 to 800 mils . 801 to max mils . Lunette load (30 in. (76.20 em): Stowed position . . Towed position . Maximum ranges... Maximum terrain slope . . . Maximum towing speed: Cross country Improved roads . Secondary roads . . TM 9-1025-211-10 Manually operated disk Air/oil power disk Original and five tubes Screw block, interrupted thread 13 in. (0.33 m) 9 ft 6 in, (2.89 m) 36 ft 2 in. (11.02 m) ©. 2415 in. (7.44 m) 40 ft 6 in. (12.34 m) 7 ft 9 in. (2.36 m) 9 ft 2 in. (2.79 m) TM 9-1000-202-14 Zone EEC. 8s 1.00 8 33 7 210 3-6 0s 180 in.-Ib (20.37 N-m) 120 in.-Ib (13.50 N-m) -65 in, +6 (165.10 cm +15.24) 56 in. 7 (142.24 cm + 17.78) 50 in. +2 (127.0 cm +5.08) 3500 tb (1587.60 ka) 500 Ib (226.80 ka) 30,000 m w/M203 propelling charge, charge 8 (w/RAP rd, MS49A1) 5000 to 9900 m w/M3 propelling charge using charges 2 thru 5 10-degree cant 15 mph (8.04 km/hr) 45 mh (72.40 km/hr) 30 mph (48.27 km/hTM 9-1025-211-10 4-13. EQUIPMENT DATA (cont) a. Howitzer Performance Data. (cont) Mils of movement per turn of handwheel Elevating Traversing. Muzzle brake On-carriage elevating range Prime mover . Rate of fire . Recoil mechanism . Speed shift range . Tires (radial Pressure Size . Traversing range Tube life . Weight (including basic issue it ms) b. Fire Control Equipment Performance Data. M17 Fire Contro! Quadrant: Correction . Elevation . Least increment reading (counters) . Radioactive material Max surface radiation Tritium Hs Weight . . M18 Fire Control Quadrant: Correction . Elevation... . - Least increment reading (counters) Radioactive mate ‘Max surface radiation Trivum Hs Weight 10 mils = 10 mils, Double baffle 78 to +1275 mils S-ton (4536-kg) truck 4 rounds/minute- maximum, 2 rounds/minute sus Hydropneumatic, variable, dependent 6400 mils 110 psi (758 kPal 11.0 to 20.0, 16 ply 400 mils left and 400 mils right of center . Based on wear factor (pullover gage reading) (Refer to TM 9-1000-202-14.) 16,000 Ib (7264.0 kg) <2. £95 mils, -280 to +1433 mils 1 mil 0 millirad per hour 1.86 curies 7.50 Ib (3.40 kg) £95 mils 280 to +1433 mils 1 mit 1.95 curies 7.50 Ib (3.40 kg)TM 9-1025-211-10 Cross level adjustmer Left .. 178 mils Right : ++. 178 mils Elevation . 1-270 to +1333 mils Pitch level adjustment: Att te 178 mils Fore 178 mils Radioactive materi Max surface radiation . . \d per hour Tritium Hs. - 0.15 curies Weight: Adapter assembly . Mount . Optical instrument 3.25 Ib (1.47 kg) 75 tb (34.02 kg) + 21b (0.91 kg) M172 Telescope and Quadrant Mount: Boresighting: Azimuth £18 mils Elevation . £15 mils Cross level adjustment Weight: ‘Adapter assembly Mount... CIL11. £34 degrees = 4.75 Ib (2.15 kg) = 27.50 tb (12.47 kg) M137 Panoramic Telescope: Field of sees 5 10 degrees Movement: ‘Azimuth counter Heseeserss Ainereasing clockwise) 6400 mila Azimuth (deflection) . . . : - 6400 mils. Correction (AZ) -. £95 mils, Elevation . £300 mils 0.25 mil Power . 4x - .0 millirad per hour 5.10 curies 19 Ib (8.62 kg) M138 Elbow Telescope: Elevation . 60 mils 8 degrees 8x : .. 4.4 curies Max surface radiation. . °-0 milirad per hour Weight . - 8 lb (3.63 kg) €. Auxiliary Equipment Performance Data M139 Alinement Devi Radioactive mate Max surface radiation... 0.0.0.0 e eee eee ee ee ee e+ +O millirad per hour Tritium Hs 5 3 curies Weight : 1.60 Ib (0.73 kg)TM 8-1025-211-10 Section Ill. TECHNICAL PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION ‘Section Index Paragraph Page 1-14, Principles of Operation es Peeee 1-18 1-14, PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION a. The M198 is @ medium weight, split trail weapon. b. For firing, » hydraulically opersted actuator cylinder assembly raises the wheels clear of the ground and the basegiate then supports the weapon. . For large shifts in direction, a hydraulically operated speed shift assembly quickly lifts the weapon and firing baseplate clear of the ground, rotates or shifts the weapon to the new direc: tion, and then lowers it back onto the ground. d. The traversing and elevating mechanisms are manually operated. The two pneumatic pull-type equilibrator cylinders are charged with compressed nitrogen ge: {. The recoil mechanism is a hydropneumatic dependent type with a variable recoil length. g. The cannon is equipped with a muzzle breke to reduce recoil hh. The breech mechanism assembly is manually operated, and the weapon is manually loaded. i. The weapon is equipped with an air-over-hydraulic brake system. Section 1V. SECTION DRILL Section index Paragraph Page 1-15. General . 1-18 1-16. Instructions . -- 1-19 1-17. Execution of Command to Fall in 19 1-18. Execution of Command to Change Posts 19 1.19, Execution of Command to Change Posts (Entire Section) - -20 1-20. Execution of Command to Call Off ze RRA SSSs 1-22, Execution of Command to Dismount 1-23. Execution of Command to Post : 1-24. Break Periods During Training or Firing 1-25. Reduced Crew Drill. . 1 1 1 ences 1-21. Execution of Command to Mount ......- + : : ve Y 1 1 1 1-15. GENERAL ‘The purpose of section drill is to improve the howitzer section through execution of assigned tasks and cross-training of section personnel.TM 9-1025-211-10 1-16. INSTRUCTIONS ‘&. Section drill must be conducted in silence, except for commands and reports. The section must be drilled until reaction to commands is quick, automatic, and correct b. Battery officers will supervise the diill. Errors will be corrected immediately ¢. Duties should be rotated during training so that each crewman of the section can perform ‘all duties within the section. Battery overhead personnel should also take part in section drill so that they can perform with a howitzer section, if required. 4. if the number of available personne! falls below the standard 10-man crew, the reduced crew drill (p 1-22) will be used. 1-17. EXECUTION OF COMMAND TO FALL IN To Fall in. The chief of, section takes his assigned post. The preparatory command may in- dicate the place and direction in which the section is to form. At the first formation for a drill or exercise, the caution, HOWITZER SECTION, precedes the command. The commands are 1. FALL IN or 2. IN FRONT (REAR) OF YOUR PIECE, FALL IN. NOTE ‘The formation for IN REAR OF 2 PACES YOUR PIECE is illustrated. b._At the command, the section moves at aces double time and forms a single rank, at close intervals, guiding on the gunner. The numbered ‘cannonee:~ should be in order between the assistant g inner and the driver of the prime mover. The section stands at attention, centered on and facing the chief of section at a distance of three paces. 1-18. EXECUTION OF COMMAND TO CHANGE POSTS To Change Posts. To have the assistant ‘gunner and numbered cannoneers change posts, the command is 1. CHANGE POSTS, 2. MARCH. QQALO + OOOGHAQOO ® b. At the command, the assistant gunner ‘and numbered cannoneers, except for can- noneer no. 5, take two steps left, taking the position of the next higher numbered can- foneer. At the same time, cannoneer no. 5 moves at double time to the rear of the rank to the post of the assistant gunner. All other crewmen stand fast. OoOe 119TM 9-1025-211-10 4-19. EXECUTION OF COMMAND TO CHANGE POSTS (ENTIRE SECTION) ‘a. To have the entire section change posts, the command is 1. SECTION CHANGE POSTS; 2. MARCH. b. At the command, all crewmen of the section take two steps left, except for the crewman at the extreme left. That crewman moves at double time to the rear of the rank and takes the post of the gunner. 1-20. =XECUTION OF COMMAND TO CALL OFF To Call Off. The command is CALL OFF. b. All crewmen in rank, except the gunner, execute eyes right. c. The section calls off in sequence, GUNNER, AMMUNITION TEAM CHIEF, ASSISTANT GUNNER, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, DRIVER. Each crewman calls out and turns head smartly to the front. 1-21. EXECUTION OF COMMAND TO MOUNT a. To Mount. To mount, the commands are 1. MOUNT or 2. PREPARE TO MOUNT, MOUNT. If any crewmen of the section are to remain dismounted, their designations are an- nounced with the caution, STAND FAST, given between the preparatory command and the command of execution; for example, 1. PREPARE TO MOUNT; DRIVER STAND FAST, 2. MOUNT. b. At the command, MOUNT, the section ‘crewmen take positions as shown. ¢. At the command of execution, the driver and chief of section take their positions at the rear of the prime mover, on the left and right, respectively. where they can observe and assist in loading. d. The two columns mount in order from front to rear and take seats as shown. Each ‘cannoneer is assisted in mounting by the per- son directly behind (or in front in the case of the last cannoneer in column) to ensure promptness and prevent injuries. Before mounting, the chief of section and driver check that the howitzer is properly ‘coupled, the personnel and equipment are aboard, and the tailgate and safety straps are secure. 1:201-22. EXECUTION OF COMMAND TO DISMOUNT @. To Dismount. The commands are DIS- MOUNT or 1. PREPARE TO DISMOUNT, 2. DISMOUNT. ratory command, the per- sonnel in the prime mover unlatch and open the tailgate of the prime mover. e. All crewmen of the section assume positions from which they can dismount properly. d. At the command of execution, they dis- ‘mount and, at double time, take the posts shown. 1-23. EXECUTION OF COMMAND TO PosT &. To Post. The command is 1. CAN- NONEERS, 2. POST. This general command applies whether the section is in or out of ranks, at a halt, or marching. b. At the command, the section moves at double time and takes the positions shown. The section then stands at attention. TM 9-1025-211-10 ©©0®@ J @00® 79) ©OO® @OO® @ PIECE UNCOUPLED, NOT PREPARED FOR ACTION 421‘TM 9-1025-211-10 1-24, BREAK PERIODS DURING TRAIN- ING OR FIRING At Drill, When it is desired to give the personnel a rest from drill or to relieve them temporarily from formation or posts, the com- mand, FALL OUT, is given. The command may be given at any time and means that the section is to remain in the drill area. b. When Firing. When firing has been suspended temporarily, but the section is to ©) remain in the vicinity of the prime mover, the command, FALL OUT, is given. Crewmen we) stand clear of the howitzer so that settings main undisturbed. During these periods, the chief of section may direct the crewmen to improve thelr positon, to replenish ammun BO tion, or to do other necessary work. EO oO © PIECE PREPARED FOR ACTION 1-25. REDUCED CREW DRILL NOTE Procedures for operating with a reduced crew have been standardized under the Department of the Army Standardization Program. ‘a. It is normal to expect gun crews to be reduced to less than the prescribed TOE strength due to illness, casualties, battery taskings, and the need to rest fersonnel. To meet the need of these occasions and the need to maintain operations of the section in as orderly a manner as possible, the duties of the individuals of the section have been combined as shown. 9-Man 8:Man _7-Man cs cs cs G G G atc = ATC— ATC AG AG AGI 1 1 2 2 2 3/5 3/5 3/5 41D 4 41D D b. The section chief will assign duties to crew members when the number of sonnel falls below the level shown above. 1:22‘TM 9.1025.211-10 Section Ill. OPERATION UNDER USUAL CONDITIONS Section Index Paragraph Page 2-12. General . 2-49 2-13, Emplacing the Howitzer... 2-50 2-14, Laying the Howitzer, Using M2 Aiming Circle 2-64 2-15. Emplacing the M1Ai Collimator . . tee 266 2-16. Emplacing the M1A2 Aiming Posts 2-68 2-17. Measure Sight-to-Crest......0.. 0s. woo : 2-70 2-18. Checking Alinement of M137 Pantel, Using M139 Alinement Device 271 2:19. Boresighting M138 Elbow Telescope, Using Distant Aiming Point . 2-73 2-20. Using the Thermal Warning Device . speneeer et 2-75 2-21. Prefiring Checks eee eee oe 2-76 2-22. Laying for Direction and Elevation, and Loading and Firing the Howitzer During Indirect Fire Missions Ereceeneeeeeereern 2.77 2-23. Laying for Direction and Elevation, and Loading and During Direct Fire Missions seeeeen 2-86 2-24. M90 Chronograph eee : 2-89 2-25. Battery Computer System (BCS) Gun Assembly |... 2-89 2-26. Traversing Beyond Carriage Traverse Limits and Operating Speed Shift Selector Valve .. ceeee eet ve pennant 2-90 2-27. Preparation of Howitzer for Towing. 2-92 2-28. Placing Howitzer in Stowed Position . 2-108 2-12. GENERAL The personnel of the howitzer section consist of the following: (1) A chief of section (CS) whose duties and responsibilities are the following: (a) Training and eff ncy of personnel. {b) Performance of his section in tr ‘ment; and inspection and maintenance of ing; firing, testing, and adjusting fire control equip- ‘section equipment, including the prime mover. () Observance of safety precautions. {d) Preparation of field fortifications for protection of equipment, ammunition, and Personnel. fe) Camouflage discipline and local security, and radiological, biological, and chemical security discipline. (f) Maintenance of forms in the equipment record folder. (g) Policing the section area. 249TM 9 1025 211 10 2-12. GENERAL (cont) (2) A gunner (G) who assists the chief of section in carrying out the duties specified in subparagraph (1). The gunner's specific duties are described in this manual. (3) An ammunition team chief (ATC) who leads and directs the handling of ammunition and assists chief of section in the supervision of howitzer section. The ATC also performs duties as listed in this manual and other duties as directed. cts as the (4) An assistant gunner (AG) who assists the gunner and, in an emergency, gunner. The assistant gunner’s specific duties are described in this manual. {5) Five cannoneers, numbered 1 to 5, who perform duties as listed in this manual and other duties as directed. (6) A prime mover driver (PMD) whose primary duty is to drive the prime mover of the sec: tion. Maintenance and other duties are described by this manual or directed by the chief of section. pment (TOE’s) b. Section equipment is listed in the appropriate tables of organizetion and eq and appendix B of this manual. 2-13, EMPLACING THE HOWITZER LINE OF FIRE CAUTION Do not use the firing baseplate and detent assembly as a speed shift assembly. ‘The bottom carriage could be damaged, which would require replacing the entire howitzer. NOTE ‘The chief of section supervises the occupation of the firing section position. The prime mover driver should drive the prime mover into the firing position opposite the line of fire. jon for firing have been standardized under the Depart- Procedures for prepai tion Program ment of the Army Standardi 1 After prime mover comes to a complete stop, the chief of section commands, DISMOUNT. Upon hearing the command, the section exits through rear of prime mover. 250TM 9 1025 21110 2 All section members take positions as 3. The chief of section commands, illustrated PREPARE FOR ACTION. 4 The assistant gunner unlatches holder (1) ‘on fight side and removes pump handle (2). Gt nner unlatches holder on left side and removes pump handle. WARNING Handbrekes must be set in gar- rison as well as during field emplacement. 5 The gunner and assistant gunner set left {and right handbrakes by inserting pump handles (2) into handbrakes sockets (3) and raising up to the locked position 281TM 9-1025.211-10 2-13. EMPLACING THE HOWITZER (cont) Cannoneer no. 5 closes emergency sir ling cutout cock (7) at prime mover, disconnects emergency air line coupling (8), and passes emergency hose 6 Cannoneer no. 4 closes service air line 7 cutout cock (4) at prime mover, un- couples service air line coupling (5), and hose assembly (6) to can- assembly (9) to cannoneer no. 2. 9 Cennoneer no. 5 disconnects cable 8 C noneer no. 2 connects service hose assembly (6) to dummy coupling (10) on assembly (12) from prime mover, if right trail (11). The emergency hose connected. assembly is connected to other dummy coupling. 2-52TM 9.1025.211.10 10 Cannoneer no. 4 removes cotter pin (13) 11. Cannoneer no. 4 removes trail retaining and unlatches pintle (14) on prime pin (15) and inserts in top block (16). mover. 12 Cannoneer no. 4 unlocks trail lock (17) 13 Cannoneers no. 2 and 4, the ammunition by rotating cam handle (18) clockwise to team chief, and the aésistant gunner disengage trail lock handle. Pull trail lock then open right trail (11) handle straight up.TM 9-1025-211-10 2-13. EMPLACING THE HOWITZER (cont) 14 Cannoneers no. 2 and 4 remove right spade (19) and attach it to right trail (11) as follows: CAUTION Do not use hammer on plunger handles 20) when inserting pins (21). A hammer would damage the pins. Pull out plunger handles (20) and lift right spade (19) straight up until pins (21) can be in- ted in spade brackets (22). Push in plunger handles (20). NOTE If necessary, use hand hammer (6-Ib sledge) to drive spade key far position so that spade retaining pins can be inserted. b. Unscrew and lift screw assembly (23) to remove ade key (24) from left trail ¢. Cannoneers no. 2 and 4 hold right spade in position until the ammunition team chief in- serts spade key (24), removes spade retaining pin (25) from block (26), and inserts spade retain- ing pin (26) in right spade key.16 7 18 TM 9 1025 211 10 CAUTION Do not fire howitzer without ‘spade retaining pin (25) installed. Cannoneers no. 1 and 3 remove left spade, bring spade to trail end and pass it under trail to cannoneer no. 2. Can- noneers no. 1 and 2 attach spade to left trail while cannoneer no. 5 inserts spade key (24), removes pin (25) from block (26), and inserts spade retaining pin (25) in left spade key Cannoneers no. 1, 3, and 5 and gunner (at loft trail (28), and 7 er, the ammunition team chief, and can- noneers no. 2 and 4 (at right t lunette from pintle when the ct ‘section commands, LIFT. The chief of ‘section then commands the driver to ‘move prime mover forward. The left trail is spread, and then trails are lowered to the ground. Cennoneer no. 4 opens drain cock (29) on emergency reserve air tank. Cannoneers no. 3 and 4 remove firing baseplate (30) from left trail (28) and place it in front of howitz 256TM 9-1025:211-10 2-13. EMPLACING THE HOWITZER (cont) 21 19. The gunner removes left trail locking plug (31) and the assistant gunner removes right trail locking plug from the stowed position (rear) and installs it in the firing position (front). 22 20 Cannoneer no. 4 removes quick release pin (32) and, with cannoneer no. 3, lifts firing baseplate and positions it on ball (33) 2.56 NOTE Step 21 applies to howitzers that have not been modified. Cannoneer no. 3 then locks firing baseplate (34) in place by positioning bracket (36). serts quick release pin (37) in locking bracket. NOTE howitzers. baseplate (30) in place by rotating lock- release lever (38) until locking bracket (39) is positioned over hole in baseplate. Cannoneer no. 3 then inserts quick release pin (32) through locking bracket ‘and into firing baseplate hole.TM 9.1025 211 10 23 Cannoneers no. 3 and 4 remove retaining 24 Cannoneers no. 3 and 4 swing travel pins (40) and travel lock pins (41). lock assembly (42) up and insert travel lock pins (41) and retaining pins (40). 25 Cannoneer no. 3 rele: NOTE and cannoneer no. 4 rel Be sure to move WHEELS lever brake by inserting pump handle (2) in (43) all the way to the desired handbrake socket (3) and pulling down. position. 26 Cannoneer no. 3 ensures SPEEDSHIFT lever (44) is in the OFF position and then pushes down and moves WHEELS lever (43) to the DOWN position. 287TM 9 1025 211 10 2-13. EMPLACING THE HOWITZER (cont) 27 Cann or no. 4 inserts pump handle (2) WARNING into hydraul nd Keep feet from under howitzer cannoneer no. 3 inserts pump handle in- and firing baseplate. to left hydraulic edapter. They pump up ‘and down until pressure is off wheel lock © 28 Cannoneer no. 4 moves right wheel lock handles (46). handle (46) and cannoneer no. 3 moves left wheel lock handle (46) to the releas- ed position by lifting up and turning hen- dle towards center of howitzer. WARNING 30 Cannoneers no. 3 and 4 then insert Keep feet from under howitzer pump handles (2) into hydraulic adapters end firing baseplate. we oiena pump up and down until wheels are fully up. 29 Cannoneer no. 3 pushes down and HEELS lever (43) slowly to the 31 Cannoneer no. 3 moves left wheel lock UP position, allowing howitzer to settle handle (46) and cannoneer no. 4 moves on firing baseplate. Cannoneers no. 3 right wheel lock handle (46) towards and 4 relock han wheels to the locked position. raising up to the locked position. 258TM 9.1025 211 10 NOTE Move WHEELS lever back and forth on either side of OFF mark to relieve pressure on the hydraulic system. 32 Cannoneer no. 3 pushes down and 33 Depress cannon tube within reach. The moves WHEELS lever (43) to the OFF ‘ammunition team chief removes muzzle position. plug (47) 34 Cannoneer no. 3 then disconnects cable 36 The gunner removes fire control equi assembly (48) from vehicular taillight ment carrying case from left trai (49) and removes vehicular taillight from cannon tube (50), if installed. 37 The gunner removes telescope and mount cover (51) from M171 telescope 35. The assistant gunner elevates or ‘and quadrant mount (52) depresses cannon tube to O mils (or other elevation dictated by unit SOP). 289TM 9 1025 211 10 2-13. EMPLACING THE HOWITZER (cont) WARNING When using radioactively illumi- nated fire control equipment, follow radiation hazard procedures in the front of this manuel 38 The gunner levels M171 telescope and quadrant mount as follows: 8. Roll back the protective covers on the cross level vial (53), pitch level vial (54), and elevation level vial (55). b. Turn cross level control knob (56) to center bubble in cross level vial (53). ¢. Turn pitch level control knob (57) to center bubble in pitch level vial (54). d. Turn elevation correction knob (58) to zero elevation correction counter (59). 39 Loosen two wingnuts (60), remove pro- tective cover (61), open fire control ‘equipment carrying case, and stow pro- tective cover in carrying case. 40 The gunner removes M137 pantel from fire control equipment carrying case and installs as follows a. Depress locking pin (62) of eyepiece (63). Swing eyepiece and lock in positior proximately 90 degrees to telescope pantel: b. Aline keyways (64) on each side of M137 pantel (65) with alinement keys (66) on each side of M171 telescope and quadrant ‘mount (52). Seat M137 pantel on mount. ¢. Tighten wingnuts (60) to secure M137 pantel (65) on M171 telescope and quadrant ‘mount (52). CAUTION Do not use the fing baseplate and detent assembly as a speed shift assembly Trails must be shifted before howitzer 1s lowered onto firing baseplate, otherwise speed shift 200 a The gunner obtains initial reading from aiming circle. If reading from aiming cir- cle differs more than 10 mils, the gunner then directs the crew to shift trails until teadings between pantel and aiming cir- cle are less than 10 mils. All crewmen lift both trails and shift them to the desired position.TM 9-1025 211 10 NOTE Step 42 and CAUTION apply to howitzers that have not been modified. Lock UNLOCK CAUTION Do NOT traverse the top carriage unless the wheels are locked in the up (firing) ‘or down (towed) position. 42 The gunner removes retaining pin (67) from top carriage locking pin (68), pulls up on top ccartiage locking pin to the unlocked (up) position and secures top carriage locking pin with fetaining pin. NOTE Step 43 applies to mo Cock” UNLOCK 43 The gunner unlocks the top car taining pin (69) until handle (7 ¢ by lifting up on the retaining pin (69) and rotating re- is positioned in counterbore hole. 261TM 9 1025 211 10 2-13, EMPLACING THE HOWITZER (cont) CAUTION ‘Spades must be dug in a minimum of 6 inches (15.24 cm). Dirt must not be removed from rear of spade. NOTE The howitzer may be laid at this time. Laying instructions begin on page 2-64. If ground is hard, remove trail locking plugs, insert handling bar into socket on trail with spade in- stalled, ide trail in the width of dig hole, slide trail back in- ‘and reinstall trail locking to plugs. 44 Cant 2er no. 4 digs in right spade (19) while -annoneer no. 3 digs in left spade. 45. Cannoneer no. 1 removes breech cover am 46 The assistant gunner removes telescape ‘and mount cover (72) from M172 telescope and quadrant mount (73). 2-62TM 9-1025-211-10 47 The assistant gunner levels M172 telescope and quadrant mount as follows: 8. Zero elevation correction counter (74) by turning elevation correction knob (75). b. Roll back protective covers on elevation level vial (76) and cross level vial (77). ¢. To center bubble in cross level vial (77), turn cross level contro! knob (78). NOTE Each time weapon is traversed, elevated, or depressed, M172 telescope and quadrant mount ‘must be checked to make sure is level, 48 The assistant gunner removes M138 elbow telescope from fire control equip- ‘ment carrying case. 49° The assistant gunner installs M138 elbow telescope as follows: ‘8. Push down on locking latch (79), b. Insert telescope T-rod (80) into keyway (81) on M172 ©. Lower eyepiece end of telescope until latch assembly (82) engages mount shaft (83). d. Pull locking latch (79) up to a vertical osition and turn lock-release lever (84) clockwise until snug. 50 Cannoneer no. 1 gets swab and bucket of water. 2.63TM 9-1025-211-10 2-14, LAYING THE HOWITZER USING M2 AIMING CIRCLE WARNING When using rec! oactively iumi- nated fire contro! equipment, follow rediation hezerd procedures ‘the front of this manual. NOTE Lay the howitzer under the direc- tion of the gunnery sergeant when he announces, BATTERY AD- JUST, AIMING POINT THIS INSTRUMENT. 1. Upon the command, ADJUST, the gun- ner lifts door (1) which covers azimuth counter (2) on pantel 2. The gunner checks to ensure that: a. Bubbles in pitch level vial (3) and cross level vial (4) on M171 telescope and quadrant ‘mount are centered. b. Azimuth knob bar (5) reads INDIRECT. ¢. Correction counter (6) on M137 pantel is set at zero. d. Elevation correction counter (7) on M17 fire control quadrant is set at zero. @. Elevation counter (8) on M17 fi trol quadrant is set at zero (or another eleva- tion dictated by unit SOP). 1. The gunner engages deflection knob (9), sets deflection counter (10) at 3200, and then disengages deflection knob. 3. The assistant gunner checks M18 fir control quadrant to ensure that: 7 Cross ley 1 (11) is centered. b. Elevation correction counter (12) is set at zero, ¢. Elevation counter (13) is set at zero (or another elevation dictated by unit SOP). 2.64 ‘The assistant gunner depresses or elevates cannon tube until bubbles center in M18 fire control quadrant elevation level vial (14), and recenters cross level vial and elevation level vial as required. ighting through eyepiece (15), the gun- ner rotates head of M137 pantel by turn- ing azimuth knob (16) until pantel cross- hairs (17) are centered on reflector (18) of aiming circle. Pantel horizontal crosshair alinement is obtained by turn- ing elevation knob (19).10 n 12 When pantel crosshairs (17) are alined on reflector (18) of aiming circle, the gunner announces to the gunnery Sergeant, NUMBER (SO-AND-SO), AIM- ING POINT IDENTIFIED. The gunnery sergeant determines the aiming circle reading to pantel and an: ‘nounces, NUMBER (SO-AND-SO), DEFLECTION (SO MUCH). Upon announcement of the azimuth, the gunner repeats the deflection reading to the gunnery sergeant by announcing, NUMBER (SO-AND-SO), DEFLECTION {SO MUCH), and turns azimuth knob (16) until the announced azimuth ap- ears on azimuth counter (2) Operating traversing handwheel and sighting through eyepiece (15), the gun- ‘Net traverses the howitzer until pantel crosshairs (17) are centered on reflector (18) of aiming circle with bubbles entered in pitch level vial (3) and cross. level vial (4). Horizontal crosshair aline- ‘ment is obtained by turning elevation knob (19), The gunner announces to the gunnery Sergeant, NUMBER (SO-AND-SO), READY FOR RECHECK. The gunnery sergeant determines @ new aiming circle reading to pante ounces, NUMBER (SO-ANI DEFLECTION (SO MUCH). Upon announcement of the new azimuth, the gunner repeats the deflection reading and the difference between the new deflection reading and the reading on azimuth counter (2) to the gunnery sergeant by saying, NUMBER (SO-AND- SO), DEFLECTION (SO MUCH), (SO MANY) MILS. The gunner then turns azimuth knob (16) until the new deflection appears on azimuth counter (2). FM 9-1025-211-10 2-65