Registration No: -

Total Number of Pages: 03 B.Tech / 19CE4ES01T

4th Semester Regular / Back Examination: 2022-23

FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINES
BRANCH: CE
Time: 3 Hours
Max Marks: 100
Q Code: N035
Answer Question No.1 (Part-1) which is compulsory, any EIGHT from Part-II and any TWO from
Part-III.
The figures in the right hand margin indicate marks.
Part-I
Q No. CO Level
Q1 Short Answer Type Questions (Answer All-10) (02x10)
a) 1 1 Define Newtonian and non-Newtonian Fluid. Give two examples from 2
each.
b) 1 2 Discuss the effect of temperature on viscosity of liquid and gases with 2
appropriate physical explanation.
c) 2 3 The x and y component of velocity fields are, u=y and v=-x. Does it 2
represent a possible two dimensional incompressible flow?
d) 2 4 The x and y component of velocity fields are, u=y and v= x. Is the flow 2
rotational?
e) 3 1 Discuss the assumptions made while deriving Bernoulli’s equation for an 2
incompressible flow.
f) 3 4 In a venturimeter, the length of the converging section is smaller than the 2
diverging section. Explain the reason.
g) 4 2 In terms of working principle, discuss how a reaction turbine is different 2
from an impulse turbine.
h) 4 2 In a Pelton turbine, the blade deflection is less than 1800, even though at 2
this angle power becomes maximum. Explain the reason.
i) 5 4 Explain self-limiting characteristic of impeller blades in centrifugal pump. 2

j) 5 2 Air vessel should be fitted close to cylinder in reciprocating pump. 2

True/False? Explain.
Part-II
Q No. CO Level
Q2 Focused-Short Answer Type Questions- (Answer Any Eight out of (06x08)
Twelve)
a) 1 3 A body weighing 1000 N slides down at a uniform speed of 1 m/s along a 6
1

lubricated inclined plane making 30o angle with the horizontal. The
viscosity of lubricant is 0.1 kg/ms and contact area of the body is 0.25 m2.
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Determine the lubricant thickness assuming linear velocity distribution.

b) 1 3 A manometer is used to measure the gauge pressure. Water is flowing 6
through a pipe in which the manometer is attached. In the left limb, water
is filled upto a depth of 20 cm from the center of the pipe. The difference
of height in mercury between the right and left limb is 50 cm. Find the
pressure in the pipe.
c) 1 2 For a floating body, show the position of center of gravity (G), center of 6
buoyancy (B) and metacenter (M) with neat sketches for a floating body
for stable, unstable and neutral equilibrium. Give suitable explanation for
each condition.
d) 2 3 Which of the following sets of equations represent possible two- 6
dimensional incompressible flows?
; (ii) ;
e) 2 4 For the flows represented by the following stream functions, determine 6
the velocity components and check for the irrotationality,
(i) (ii)
f) 3 3 Water flows in a circular pipe. At one section, the diameter is 0.3m, the 6
static pressure is 260KPa (gauge), the velocity is 3m/s and the elevation is
10m above the ground level. The elevation at section downstream is 1m,
and the pipe diameter is 0.15m.Find the gauge pressure at the
downstream section. Neglect frictional effect. Assume density of water as
1000kg/m3
g) 3 5 A Pitot tube is inserted in awater flow 6
to measure the flow speed. The
tube is inserted so that it points upstream
into the flow and the pressure sensed
by the tube is the stagnationpressure.
The static pressure is measured at the
same location in the flow, using a
wall pressure tap. If the pressure
difference is 30 mm of mercury,
determinethe flow speed.
h) 3 3 An oil of specific gravity 0.8 is flowing through a venturimeter having inlet 6
diameter 20 cm and throat diameter 10 cm. The oil-mercury differential
manometer shows a reading of 25 cm. Evaluate the discharge of oil
through the horizontal venturimeter. Take =0.98.
i) 4 5 In a Pelton turbine, the water from the nozzle comes out at a speed of V. 6
The tangential speed of the Pelton wheelis u. Derive an expression for
hydraulic efficiency and find the ratio of u/V for maximum efficiency.
j) 4 2 Discuss what you mean by cavitation. Will it occur in an impulse turbine? 6
Discuss the importance of draft tube in a reaction turbine.
2

k) 5 1 With a neat sketch discuss the working of a centrifugal pump. 6

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l) 5 4 For a reciprocating pump, derive an expression for pressure head 6

developed due to piston acceleration. Discuss its effect in suction and
deliver pipe on indicator diagram.
 Part-III
Q No. CO Level
Long Answer Type Questions (Answer Any Two out of Four) (02x16)
Q3 a) 1 5 An oil film of viscosity μ and 8
thickness h(much smaller than R)
lies between a solid wall and a
circular disk, as in Fig.1. The disk
is rotated steadily at angular
velocity Ω. Noting that both
velocity and shear stress vary
with radius r, derive a formula
for the torque ‘T’ required to
rotate the disk. Neglect air drag. Fig. 1

b) 1 4 A rectangular plate of is below the free surface. The side 8

is parallel to the free surface of water. Find the total pressure and centre of
pressure.
Q4 a) 2 5 In a two-dimensional incompressible flow, the flow velocity components 8
are given by and .Show that the velocity
potential exists and determine its form. Find also the stream function.

b) 3 2 Derive Bernoulli equation along a stream line and write down the major 8
assumptions used in the derivation of the Bernoulli equation.
Q5 a) 4 3 The mean bucket speed of a Pelton turbine is 15m/s. The rate of flow of 8
water by the jet under ahead of 42m is 1m3/s. If the jet is deflected by the
bucket at an angle of 1650, find the power and efficiency of the turbine.
Take coefficient of velocity =0.985.
b) 4 3 A Francis turbine with an overall efficiency of80% is required to develop 8
150 kW. The head is 8 m; peripheral velocity of the wheel at inlet is 12m/s.
The discharge is radial and the velocity of the flow at the inlet is 4.5m/s.The
wheel is to make 150 r.p.m., and the hydraulic losses in the turbine are22%
of the available energy. Determine:
(i) the angle of the guide blade at inlet
(ii) the wheel vane angle at inlet
(iii) the diameter of the wheel(iv) the width of the wheel at inlet
Q6 a) 5 3 A centrifugal pump runs at 600 r.p.m and discharge water at 8000 8
liters/minute against a head of 8.5m.The water enters the impeller without
whirl. The inner and outer diameters are 0.25m and 0.5m. The vane angle
at exit is 450 and the flow area which is constant from inlet to outlet of
impeller is 0.06m2.Determine
(i) vane angle at inlet
(ii) manometric efficiency of pump
(iii) the least speed at which the pump commences to work.
b) 5 3 Find the percentage of work saved against friction by fitting an air vessel in 8
a double acting reciprocating pump.
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