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Clique Decision Problem Notes

The Clique Decision Problem (CDP) is an NP-complete problem that determines if a given graph contains a complete subgraph (clique) of a specified size. It has significant applications in fields such as social networks and bioinformatics, and involves complexities that do not allow for known polynomial-time solutions unless P = NP. Related problems include the Maximum Clique Problem and Independent Set, with various approximation and heuristic methods available for tackling it.

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801 views2 pages

Clique Decision Problem Notes

The Clique Decision Problem (CDP) is an NP-complete problem that determines if a given graph contains a complete subgraph (clique) of a specified size. It has significant applications in fields such as social networks and bioinformatics, and involves complexities that do not allow for known polynomial-time solutions unless P = NP. Related problems include the Maximum Clique Problem and Independent Set, with various approximation and heuristic methods available for tackling it.

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NP-Hard Graph Problems: Clique Decision Problem (CDP)

1. Introduction to Clique Decision Problem (CDP)

The Clique Decision Problem (CDP) is a classic NP-complete problem in graph theory. It asks

whether a given graph contains a complete subgraph (clique) of a given size.

2. Definitions

- Graph (G): A set of vertices (V) and edges (E), G = (V, E).

- Clique: A subset of vertices C subset of V such that every pair of vertices in C is connected by an

edge.

- k-Clique: A clique of size k (i.e., |C| = k).

3. Problem Statement

Input: Graph G = (V, E) and integer k.

Question: Does G contain a clique of size k?

Formal condition: There exists V' subset of V, |V'| = k and for all u, v in V', u != v => (u, v) in E

4. Example

G = (V, E) with V = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}, E = {(1,2), (1,3), (2,3), (2,4), (3,4), (4,5)}

For k = 3, subset {1,2,3} is a clique.

5. Importance of CDP

- NP-Complete: CDP is one of Karps 21 NP-complete problems.

- Real-world applications: Social networks, bioinformatics, etc.

6. Related Problems
- Maximum Clique Problem: Optimization version of CDP.

- Independent Set: Complement of clique in the complement graph.

- Vertex Cover: Related via graph transformations.

7. Complexity

Brute-force complexity: O(n^k * k^2), where n = number of vertices.

No known polynomial-time algorithm unless P = NP.

8. Reduction from 3-SAT

Reduction involves constructing a graph from a 3-CNF formula.

A k-clique corresponds to a satisfying assignment.

9. Approximation & Heuristics

- Greedy algorithms

- Local search

- Branch and Bound

10. Summary

| Feature | Description |

|---------------|--------------------------------------------|

| Problem Type | Decision Problem |

| Graph Type | Undirected, Simple |

| Input | Graph G = (V, E) and integer k |

| Output | Yes/No |

| Complexity | NP-Complete |

| Applications | Social networks, bioinformatics, etc. |

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