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752 Googeerun ‫ گوگيرن‬or Gugeeroo. A plant from 1 to 1½ yards high; the
branches very thin, the leaves like the Nirkut; it is purgative, and when ripe,
it is heavy; recommended in wind, blood, and affections of mouth.

753Kukrownda ‫ككروندا‬.—The common Kurrownda. The plant is half a

yard or more in height, its leaves like the tobacco; but smaller. It has an
offensive smell, much increased by being rubbed betwixt the finger; it
grows near ruins or in waste places, and is found in the rains. It is a kind of
Bhangra, and has the name of Kokurbangra; it is bitter, pungent; useful in
fevers and disorders of the blood and mucus. If bruised in water, and the
water given as a clyster to children, it will remove ascarides, and if three
drops be dropped into each ear, it will cure intermittents. It is very
beneficial in bleeding piles, both internally and externally. If one direm of
the leaves be taken in water, and the bruised leaves applied to the piles, it
will effect a cure.

754 Gillo ‫گيلو‬.—“Menispermum Glabrum,” (vide Goorcha,) or

Vaoutvellee or Imrutlutta, or Jurnasnie, (a febrifuge,) or Goorajie, or
Goondunie. It is bitter, astringent, and sweet, and in digestion hot, light;
inducing costiveness; tonic; increases appetite; beneficial in jaundice and
Juzam; also in acne, cracks in the skin, nausea, fevers, and bilious disorders.
It forms an ingredient in all favorite formulæ. It has been said to be cold. In
my opinion it is either, according as it is prescribed with other medicines. I
have given it in continued fever, in the quantity of one direm, cut small and
infused in water for a night, with great success. The Hindoos give a
decoction of it in fevers. I have given it in various ways in gonorrhœa, as a
tonic, an aphrodisiac, &c. Take of Bunslochun and Sut Gillo, each one
masha, mix and give in intermittents, or with cardamoms. My father used it
in pills made up with conserve of roses, with great efficacy, in fevers of the
continued kind; also with the whey of Kasni. Its powder is likewise used
with tin in gonorrhœa, but I have written more of this in my other works. To
make refined or Sut Gillo—

Take the Gillo, cut it in small pieces, and squeeze out the juice into a vessel,
then add plain water, and strongly mix them together, let them remain thus
for 24 hours, then throw away the clear water, and dry the precipitate for
use.

755Gulhar ‫گلہار‬.—“Nymphea Nilambo, Linn. Nilumbium Speciosum,

W.” The flower of the Kawul (Lotus). It is cool, dry, heavy, and astringent,
and shuts up the chest. The centre of the flower, or yellow fructification, is
called Kesur, or Kinjeluk; it is cool; induces costiveness; useful in bleeding
piles; also in disorders of bile and mucus. Its seed is usually called
Kawulgutta; they are produced in the hot season; they are sweet, cool;
beneficial in bilious disorders, foulness of blood, general heat, and increase
mucus and wind. I have given them in the diarrhœa of infants, mixed with
the water which they drank, with great benefit. The green part of the seed
bruised in water, I have also given to children with great good effect in
wind and diarrhœa. It is likewise given in eruptions of the mouth. The stem
of the flower and root are cool and dry; aphrodisiac, astringent, and cure
disorders of bile, blood, and general heat. The flowers are of two kinds: one
opens to the sun, and accompanies him round as he moves, and shuts its
leaves when he disappears; this is white, with a red tinge, six-leaved, the
yellow centre fructification, in the shape of an inverted cone. Its seed is
sweet and cool; clears the complexion; of use in disorders of mucus, bile,
blood, thirst, general heat, Juzam, and blisters. It is an antidote to poisons,
and beneficial in acne of all kinds.

The other kind has four leaves, of a white color, opens to the moon, and
accompanies her, in progress, as the other does the sun; but does not shut on
her disappearance. The red and blue kinds, if they have any degree of
whiteness, are called Komode or Komoodutti; these names are in allusion to
their property of flowering by the moon’s influence, but they are more
seldom met with. The blue is called also Neeloofir.

756 Goolkhairoo ‫گلخيرو‬.—The marsh-mallow, or rather the mallow.

757Kulumbuk ‫كلنبك‬.—A tree of a heavy texture, much veined; it is

commonly called Mulugeer, but this name is also applied to some kinds of
lime.
758Kooleejan ‫كليجان‬.—“Piper Betel.” The best kind is red, thick, and
full of knots. It is hot and dry in the 2nd degree; it is cardiac; cures cholicks,
pains in the kidnies; increases the strength of the digestive organs, useful in
rheumatism of the joints, decreases the flow of urine; beneficial in epilepsy,
headache; is aphrodisiac; and is proper for those having a superabundance
of mucus. A little kept in the mouth will cure paralysis of the tongue; it
clears the voice, and in the quantity of one direm with cow’s milk taken,
fasting, it is highly tonic and aphrodisiac. Its corrector is any oily substance
or Kuteera (a gum).

759 Koolunta ‫كلنٹا‬.—A kind of Satawur.

760 Keloondha ‫كلوندها‬.—A name for the fruit of the Mowa tree.

761Kulownjee ‫كلونجى‬.—A name for Siadana; expels wind and

flatulence.

762 Kumode ‫ كمود‬or Komoodutti, a kind of Gulhar. “Rottlera tinctoria.”

763 Kumruk ‫كمرک‬.—“Averrhoa Carambola,” or Kumruka. A large tree,

with many pointed leaves, which when full grown are longer than the
Singtirra leaf, of a green color and soft texture. The fruit is common and
three-cornered; they are of an acid sweetness, and produced in the cold
season, and make delicious sherbet; cool, astringent; useful in bile and
wind, also in disorders of phlegm. From their acidity, the fruit are injurious
to the tongue. This may be corrected by eating them with salt or lime.

764 Gumbhar ‫گمبهار‬.—Sweet, hot, heavy, and produces wind; useful in

disorders of bile, blood, and pains in the bowels, and induces costiveness.
Its fruit is heavy and tonic; clears the hair of the head; increases seminal
secretion; cures disorders of bile, wind, hectic fever, thirst, and foulness of
the blood; is diuretic, and forms an ingredient in all famous prescriptions:
called also Gumbharie or Gumbheer.
765 Kawul ‫كنول‬.—“Nymphæa Nelumbo.” A name of Gulhar.

766 Kawulguth ‫گٹهة‬ ‫كنول‬.—The seed of the Gulhar.

767Kowla ‫كنوال‬.—A kind of orange, less strong, and of weaker properties

than the Sangtirra; but in other respects the same; from its acid it removes
stagnation of bile, and is useful in cough and asthma.

768Goond ‫كوند‬.—“Jasminum grandiflorum?” The wild Raibile; the

flower cool and light; used in disorders of bile and mucus, and in head-
aches; an antidote to poisons, and communicates its perfume to any article
from which oil is to be extracted, and gives the oil the quality of
strengthening the brain, and of being useful in affections from cold. In my
opinion, the flower is hot, as is also oil impregnated with its odour. If it is
mixed or rubbed with oil, and used as an unguent in itch, it is equally
effectual as the Chumbeley.

769Gunyar ‫كنيار‬.—A flower of India, possessing tonic properties; it

strengthens the stomach; used in the cure of Juzam, boils, eruptions,
disorders of the blood, swellings, and in cleansing ulcers.

770Kunkole ‫كنكول‬.—A seed resembling Peepul, only a little larger; it

creates appetite; is hot; useful in affections of the heart, affections of wind
and mucus.

771Koontukphill ‫كنٹك پهل‬.—A name for Lukudj, or Burhael; it is also

called Kuntukanta, from its being very prickly.

772Kundurdolie ‫كنڈرڈلى‬.—The name of a plant, cool, light and

astringent; useful in heat, feverishness, thirst, disorders of mucus, blood and
bile, Juzam, and fever. It also softens iron.
773Koondoorie ‫كنڈورى‬.—A fruit like the Pulwull, of an oval shape. It is
acid, grows as a creeper, and used as a culinary vegetable; useful in bilious
disorders, foulness of blood, and general heat. Is emetic, and reduces
corpulency. Induces costiveness, flatulence, and wind; also aphrodisiac. It is
bitter, pungent; removes phlegm, and is an antidote to poisons. In my
opinion, it is cool and moist, aperient; weakens the stomach, promotes
absorption by increasing the tone of the absorbents, and expedites digestion.

774Kungni ‫كنگنى‬.—P. Kawurs, Sheerazee Kaal. Cool and bitter, dry and
astringent, yet diuretic; but if boiled in milk, its drying quality will be
corrected. It is very generally used as food. It increases the viscidity of
mucus, and promotes a disposition to gravel. Its corrector is sugar. It is
hurtful to the lungs; but here its corrector is Mustaghi. In its general
properties, it comes near the Cheena; externally applied hot, it removes
rheumatic pains. “Panicum Italicum.”

775Gundheel ‫گندهيل‬.—A. Azkhir, and some kinds called Mirchiakund.

This is a common plant, about a yard high; its flowers sweet-scented: the
properties of all are, I fancy, the same. It is astringent to the taste, and bitter
during digestion; hot, useful in affections of the throat and heart, disorders
of bile, blood, mucus, difficulty of breathing, cough, and fever.

776 Goondur ‫گندر‬.—A kind of Loonia, q. v.

777Kunaer ‫ كناير‬or Kurneer. It is of two kinds, the white called Kurbaer,

and the red Ruketphup. The plant grows to the height of a man; its branches
numerous, and growing from near the root; its leaves long as the bambu leaf
and thicker, green and finely veined. It is hot and light; decreases eye-sight,
useful in Juzam, boils and eruptions, acne, itch; is vermifuge, and may be
ranked among the poisons. Its flowers kept in the house produce strife. The
root and its bark is used as an application in cures of deficient aphrodisiac
power. A. Dufflie. “Nerium Odorum.”

778 Koonja ‫كونجا‬.—Vide Goonchee.

779 Kumbeela ‫كنبيال‬.—Bitter, laxative, and hot; used in disorders of
mucus, bile, and blood; is lithontriptic and vermifuge; cures Badgola,
dropsy, and boils; its green leaves are cool and astringent to the stomach; it
is called also Kumbeel.

780Gunduk ‫گندک‬.—“Live Sulphur.” In digestion it is bitter and hot, also

soft; beneficial in Juzam, affections of the spleen, disorders of mucus and
wind, and increases bile. It is an ingredient in many favorite prescriptions.
A. Ribreet. Its aruk is excellent as an application in itch, and as a tonic is
pungently acid and hurtful to the teeth; indeed so very acid is it, that it
dissolves shells, and is called Tezab; but though acid, it is aphrodisiac.

To make Tezab (Sulphuric Acid).

Take a China cup, and make in it three holes, to suspend it (by a wire of
zinc); place a lamp on a low triangle (tripod), and fill the lamp with sulphur;
and making several wicks, mix them with the sulphur, and set fire to them;
place the China cup under the tripod, and the aruk will come over into it by
drops. Care must be taken to admit no wind; when this is lighted the smoke
destroys cloth. I have written of the properties of this more at large in my
other works.

The properties of Sulphuric Acid.

It is hot, creates appetite, expels wind, strengthens the stomach, loins, and
back. It is aphrodisiac, useful in disorders of mucus and blood, in paralysis,
convulsions, and pains in the stomach, and discusses enlargement of the
spleen, if taken to the quantity of from one to four soorkhs in water. It will
cure tooth-ache if applied to the hollow of the tooth, but care must be taken
that it does not come in contact with a sound tooth. It cures all kinds of
Psora, whether dry or moist, applied by itself or in ointment. Taken
internally with oil of roses, it loosens phlegm; applied to the white spots of
leprosy, it will remove them. If nutmegs, cinnamon, and cloves be
moistened with it, and dried, they will become powerful condiments.
781 Kunoocha ‫كنوچا‬.—A name for Mirve.

782 Gundhur ‫گندهر‬.—A name for culinary greens—see Chowlai.

783Gundhka ‫گندهكا‬.—A title of Mudukpurnie; it derives its name from

the property of preserving the hair.

784Kunghi ‫كنگهى‬.—“Malva Sylvestris.—(The Mallow) vide

Goolkhairoo. The mallow, emollient and demulcent, Althæa officinalis.”
The name of a flower-stem of India, about a man’s height, more or less. Its
leaves are round, smooth, serrated, and pointed. It is of two kinds, a small
and larger, the leaves large and small accordingly. It has a small yellow
flower; inside the seed vessel are many divisions, in which the seeds are
contained. It is very useful in piles.

A man had the bleeding piles to an annoying degree of severity. A physician

advised him to eat some of the leaves of this, bruised, and made up with
pepper into pills; he made up large pills or balls, and eat them as directed,
and was cured in a few days. If the fresh leaves are used, they should be
mixed with water and drank; if the dried leaves are preferred, they should
be made into pills. It is mucilaginous and demulcent.

785Gooroochna ‫گوروچنا‬.—or Gooroochun. A stone, of a yellow color,

on which grass or moss grows; it is astringent and cool, beneficial in
possession, and whoever keeps it by them, will escape the influence of all
evils; it is useful in disorders of blood, and prevents abortion by its tonic
property in giving strength to the uterus. It is the name for Huzerool bukur.

786 Goorcha ‫گوڑچا‬.—“Menispermum cordifolium, W. Guduchi, S.

Citamerdu, Van Rheede, H. M. vii. 39. Menispermum Verrucosum, Roxb.
MS. Putra Waly. Jao. Funis Felleus, Rumph. Amb. v. 82. Sp. ch. perennial,
scandent, verrucose, leaves cordate, acuminate, entire, smooth, male
racemes from the naked branches simple, nectareal scales inserted in the
filaments. Every part of this plant exceedingly bitter; used for the cure of
intermittents; it is said by Captain Wright, to be as powerful a febrifuge as
the Peruvian Bark. V. Gillo.”

787 Gowrdun ‫گوردن‬.—A name for Koocha, called also Sutpootrie. It is

the name of the Kooza flower, red with a yellow fructification in the centre.
It has a fine perfume, and a distilled water is made from it; it is a cinquefoil.
One kind of it is the Goolseutie, P. Aussureen. This is white, but a third kind
is also red. All three are cool, light, and aphrodisiac; useful in disorders of
the three secretions and of blood. It is cardiac, astringent, and improves the
complexion. I have found the white the most effectual, and have often used
its conserve and distilled water in lowness of spirits.

788Gomenduk ‫گوميدک‬.—A common stone, resembling in its properties

the Chanderkanth.

789Gooma ‫گوما‬.—A medicine of India; sweet, pungent, hot, dry, heavy,

aperient; used in disorders of wind, bile, mucus; in jaundice and in
swellings, and is vermifuge. All this the author of the Dhara Shekoi has
related. The common Gooma is different.

790Goww ‫گئو‬.—A tree common in Cashmere, of a hot quality; used in

seminal weakness, inflammatory disorders of the nose, effects of poison,
disorders of mucus, and Juzam. It is vermifuge; its fruit increases phlegm,
and its gum is heavy, aphrodisiac; beneficial in disorders of wind.

791Kobhee ‫كوبهي‬.—“Hieracum, Bruce MS.” This is of three kinds, one

of which is used as food for the parroquet. Its leaf is like that of the radish
when in an imperfect state. It is cool, light, and astringent; used in disorders
of mucus, bile, and blood; in seminal weakness, cough, boils, eruptions, and
fever, and produces wind.

792Gowrbaghan ‫گوباگهان‬.—Cool; useful in general heat and disorders

of blood.
793 Godoon ‫گودون‬.—A common grain used by villagers; tonic.

794 Gowruk ‫گورک‬.—A kind of Lawa.

Koonj ‫كونج‬.—A name for Kulungh. Its meat cures disorders of wind
795

and mucus.

796 Koonch ‫كونچ‬.—A medicine of Hindostan. If its seed-vessel be applied

to the skin, it produces great itching; if it is washed in cow-dung and water,
this effect will be removed. Its seed is like the bean, smooth, and of a purple
color; it is hard, and if the end is cut off, and it be applied to the part stung
by a scorpion, it will remove the pain, and cannot be removed till the poison
is extracted; and when this is accomplished, it falls off itself, and will be
found from its power of suction to have become much larger. It is sweet,
increases semen, lengthens aphrodisia, and is useful in diffusion of bile in
the blood. It is beneficial in old ulcers, and is a favorite ingredient in
aphrodisiac formulæ.

Maadentezerrubad.

Kooch is a medicine of India; its seed cold and hot in equilibrium; drying,
aphrodisiac; strengthens the loins, useful in piles and cough, and increases
the consistence of semen. If half a direm of the leaves be bruised with seven
of the long fruit of the peepul in water, and given to drink, it will be found
powerfully vermifuge. It also clears the intestines of all noxious matter. If
10 direms be bruised in 50 direms of water, and drank for seven days, it will
cure Lues Venerea.

The succedaneum is Aotungun. The dose two direms of the seed. It is also
called Kooncha, vide Kewanch.

797Kowrie ‫كورى‬.—“Cypræa Monita.” P. Khirmora. It is sweet and

pungent, cool and flatulent; used in bile and heat; beneficial in affections of
the eyes and in blisters. If burnt and introduced into the ear, I have found it
of use in diseases of that organ. It is excellent for cleansing and drying
venereal sores.

798 Kawaal ‫كوآل‬.—(The Hog.) Its meat is heating, moist, light, and
increases semen to a great degree; induces corpulence, creates appetite, and
is tonic. Its fat is very aphrodisiac as an external application; it is also useful
as an application to the eyes, as a stomachic, preserving health, and
producing aphrodisia. Is tonic; useful in sprains and disorders of the three
secretions. P. Khunzeer.

799Kowa ‫كوا‬.—The Crow. P. Zaagh or Kolagh. A. Ghorab. Its properties

are mentioned in Yunani works in India; it is also called Koral.

800Kokla ‫كوكال‬.—“Indian Cuckoo.” A black bird, which in the

commencement of the hot weather has a fine and strong note; its flesh
creates appetite, induces costiveness, and is useful in disorders of wind and
mucus.

801Goh ‫گوة‬.—The Guana. Its flesh is tonic, aphrodisiac, stomachic, and

used in disorders of bile and wind. A. Zubbub. P. Soosmar.

802 Kowadoorie ‫كوادوري‬.—A. Hubbunneel.

Gokhroo ‫ گوكهرو‬also Kunthphill; cures difficulty of breathing, cough,

803

and suppression of urine. Is lithontriptic; useful in affections of the heart

and wind.

A. Khussuk. It is of two kinds, a cultivated and wild. Its plant is like the
melon; its branches spreading widely on the ground. Its fruit is hard and
triangular, with prickles on its angles; thus it is called Gokhroo. P.
Kharkhusuk. There is a larger kind called Gokhroo Dekanee. In the
Dhunterri, it is said to be beneficial in the three secretions, to create
appetite, beneficial in dysentery and pains of the bowels, to increase semen,
induce corpulency, to be cool, sweet, and aphrodisiac, tonic, useful in
seminal weakness, gonorrhœa, and pains in the urinary bladder. “Tribulus
Lanuginosus.”

804 Gowdunta ‫گوڈنٹا‬.—A kind of arsenic, of a light red color.

Gota ‫گوٹا‬.—Sweet, bitter, pungent, hot, light, and aphrodisiac; useful in

805

Soorkhbad, acne, cough, Juzam, and disorders of wind and bile.

Kookurchundie ‫كوكرچندى‬.—Obtains the name from its being an

806

emetic to dogs.

807 Kookurbangra ‫كوكربانگڑا‬.—A name for Kukrownda.

808 Goondroo ‫ گوندرو‬or Goonderuk. A name for Koondur, a gum

resembling Mastich, but more red; it cures disorders of wind, mucus, and
fever; restrains perspiration; is aphrodisiac; strengthens memory; gives tone
to the stomach, urinary bladder, brain.

809Googul ‫گوگل‬.—Amygris Agalocha (Roxb.) sweet and bitter, hot and

aperient; increases appetite; increases the bulk of the solids, and is
aphrodisiac; reunites fractured bones, discusses indurations; used in
disorders of wind, mucus, blood, boils, eruptions, ill-conditioned ulcers,
seminal weakness, Juzam, Soorkhbad, debility, emaciation, sweating
sickness, acne, and swellings. The older it is the more effectual. It forms an
ingredient in all favorite formulæ. A. Mukul. One kind is called Bhainsia
Googul.

810Goondinie ‫گوندنى‬.—A common fruit of Hindostan, of a red color,

and fine coat, about the size of the Khalsa, or larger, and more oval. It is
aperient, suppurant, and vermifuge. It is sweet and cool; of use in cough
and flatulence, but if taken in quantity, produces nausea.

811Gooha ‫گوها‬.—A name for Perestpirnie; also the name of an insect like
the cricket, but larger; it makes much noise in the rains.
812 Goolur ‫گولر‬.—“Ficus Glomerata.” A common fruit; when young, it is
green, but when ripe, it becomes red, and in this state it is filled with small
insects; it is said that if eaten without being opened, it will be found
beneficial for the eyes. It is called cool and dry; some say hot and moist: but
in my opinion it is cool and moist, and decreases bile. My father prescribed
it in its unripe state in laxities of the bowels, and also in bleeding piles. The
physicians of India have described it as astringent; it is slow of digestion.
The bark of the tree is useful in ulcers, and as an external application in
severe bruises. Water drank after its use, produces pain in the bowels. The
Goolur eat with barley-meal or sugar, is useful in giddiness and heat in the
liver. Its milk applied to boils, hasten suppuration or resolution.

Maadentezerrubad.

Goolur is cool and moist; useful in bilious complaints, heat, thirst, and
running at the nose from heat. The decoction of the bark removes poison
from wounds inflicted by the claws of the tiger, cat, or other animal. The
root bruised in water is useful in dysentery, in a dose of two direms.

813Goonma ‫گونما‬.—“Pharnaceum mollugo.” The plant grows in waste

and wild places, and is very common. It is about a yard high, and grows in
the rains; it is many-flowered; and when young they are of a red color, but
become grey when dry, and full of small holes; they are round and curled.

814 Koonda ‫گوندا‬.—Koonda, called also Pita. A. Midjdubeh, and in P.

Puzdubeh. It is a creeper; its leaves like the Gourd leaf, or larger; its fruit
twice as large as a melon. When unripe, it is cooling, and useful in bilious
disorders and wind; it increases mucus. When ripe, it is sweet and pungent;
it is equal in its properties; light; creates appetite; assists digestion; useful in
disorders of the stomach and of the three secretions. The fibres of its root,
its leaves, and branches, are sweet; beneficial in disorders of wind and
mucus; are lithontriptic: the soft part of the fruit is sweet, removes gravel
and other disorders of the urinary bladder; cures bilious disorders, and is
aphrodisiac. The particular mode of administering it, I have described in my
other works. It is very useful as an aphrodisiac, and for increasing the bulk
of the solids. Cucurbita Pepo.

Its sherbet is useful in all the disorders above mentioned, also in depression
of spirits from heat, in mania or disordered imagination; increases appetite
and evacuates bile.

The sherbet is thus prepared:

A piece is cut off from the end of the fruit, and the inside scooped out till
the hand can be admitted; this is to be filled with fine sugar, taking care to
preserve all the juice. The divided piece is then to be re-applied, the
division secured with moistened flour; it is then placed in the sun, during
the hot season, for four days, or in the cold weather for a week. It by this
process becomes acid like oxymel; the juice is then taken out, strained, and
seasoned with cardamums, saffron, musk, and cloves, or other articles as
may be deemed proper, and preserved in bottles for use; the dose is four
tolahs, but it will not keep good beyond a week.

815Khaer ‫كهير‬.—Vide Kut. “Acacia Catechu, Mimosa Catechu. Chadira,

S.” A tree of the jungles, from which Catechu is produced. It is called also
Cudder. “One of the best applications in ulcers I ever tried, is composed of
Catechu, Camphor, and white lead, in equal parts.”—Trans.

816Geerehti ‫گيرهٹى‬.—A plant, about a yard high, or less; the largest

kind is named Geerehta, also Mahabela. Its leaves are larger, as well as the
tree, than the Geerehtee; but the latter is to be preferred as a medicine. It is
sweet, cool, moist, and astringent, useful in Soorkhbad, disorders of bile,
affections of the uterus, and clears the complexion.

817Kherie ‫كهڑى‬.—An earth of a white color used in cleaning houses; one

kind of it is called Goorboghan.

818Kyrnie ‫كيرنى‬.—One kind of it is named Chupuk. It is the fruit of a

very large tree, of a yellow color, about the size of a date, but thicker; both
kinds are cool and moist, heavy and tonic; useful in thirst, delirium,
heaviness of the head, and disorders of all the secretions. If the kernel is
bruised in water and applied to the eyes, it will remove opacities of the
cornea—this I know from my grand-father’s experience.

In my opinion, it is cardiac and stomachic, and gently astringent; when ripe

it is very generally useful. Some have called it hot in the second and dry in
the first degree. If eaten when unripe, there is fear of its producing cholic.
Its corrector is dhaie. The kernel is bitter.

819Koontanduk ‫كوكٹاندک‬.—A kind of Rice, like the Saatee in its

properties.

820 Ghora ‫كهوڑا‬.—P. Asp. The horse; its meat is sweet to the taste, but
bitter in digestion. It is light, creates appetite, increases bile and mucus,
beneficial in disorders of wind, and increases aphrodisia. It is generally
tonic, and strengthens the eyes. I have often eat of it, and believe it to be hot
and tonic, but it is hurtful to those of hot temperament. In some countries, it
is used as food, and it was so used by Vizier Nawab Kumruddin Khan. I
have remarked, that when used in this country as food by the natives of
other countries, it produces a fermentation in the blood, and consequent
eruptions in the mouth and tongue. Its properties are particularly noticed in
Yunani works, and I have conversed with many who considered the milk of
the mare excellent as a stomachic and aphrodisiac.

821Khutmul ‫كهٹمل كٹمل‬.—P. Saas. A. Fusafush. It is bred in beds or

other furniture. Its smell is very useful in epilepsy; bruised in water and
used as an injection into the urethra, it will be found useful in suppression
of urine.

822Kujoor ‫كجور‬.—Phœnix dactylifera or Phœnix Silvestris or Khurjoor.

A. Kittub. It has many fruits, even to the number of many hundreds: in its
properties it is very similar to the Pind-Kajoor.
823Khaperia ‫كهپريا‬.—A. Tooti. P. Sungbusseri. It is useful in affections of
the eyes and eye sight. Its powder beneficial for cleaning and healing
ulcers. Its ointment I have noticed in my other publications. I have known a
person who used it commonly as a tonic to the stomach, and for correcting
laxities of the bowels. It is also used in Indian Recipes, but I have never
seen that any physician of celebrity recommended its use.

824Keera ‫ كيرا‬or Kheera. One kind of this is bitter, but both are cool and
dry, diuretic, and aperient; useful in disorders of bile, lithontriptic, and
beneficial in suppression of urine. The ripe fruit is sweet and little
astringent. The Balum-kheera is a kind of this, but of less efficacy. The
large kind, from its efficacy and scarcity, was usually sent to the emperor by
the Marwar Rajah. It is highly spoken of for the cure of Remittent Fever.

825Khand ‫كهانڈ‬.—Heavy, creating appetite, tonic, aperient; useful in

thirst, general heat, delirium, disorders of bile and wind; but if eaten to
excess it produces bile.

826 Khylakhylie ‫كهيالكهيلى‬.—A name for Silleekha. Its rind is hard

and thick, and of a round shape; it is of a reddish clay color. It is the bark of
a tree; some say it is not the Silleekha, but that it nearly resembles it. It
forms an ingredient in formulæ for strengthening the loins and kidnies. It
dries up the vagina, and is used by women in the cold season as an
ingredient in Peendie.

827 Ghekwaar ‫ گهى كوار‬or Ghwar. “Aloe Perfoliata, W. Ghrita Cumari

and Taruni, S. Elwa (the gum), H. Musebber, A. Suc d’Aloes (the gum), F.
Glausinde Aloe, G. Aloe, I. Aloe, Sp.” It is the Sibr plant, and is in height
about a yard, becoming small towards the top; it is full of juice of an
offensive smell; it (the leaf) is serrated on the edges, and is of a green color.
It is bitter, cool, and aperient, useful in affections of the spleen and liver,
disorders of mucus, bile, blood, fever, blisters, and hardness of the skin; and
slightly increases bile. If rubbed with water on the hands, fire may be held
with impunity. Its juice is well known as a medicine, mixed with anise seed;
it is excellent in pains of the bowels. I have written more of its virtues in my
other works, and the prescription there mentioned is excellent in all
disorders from cold. The pulp of the leaf with alum and opium is excellent
in ophthalmia; its juice dropt into the eye.

828Goongchee ‫گونچى‬.—“Abrus Precatorius. Gooncha, H. Gunja, S.

The seed called Retti, H. Rectica, S. The root of the plant coincides very
exactly in appearance, taste, and medicinal qualities with the liquorice root,
and is sold for it in the bazar; vide Glycine Abrus, Linn, Flem.”

Maadentezerrubad.

Goongchee, called also Retti, is hot and dry; its dose one direm. In the
opinion of the people of India, it is cool and dry in the third degree. It is
emetic, and violently purgative, and is considered a poison. If the
Goongchee is reduced to a coarse powder, moistened with water, and
bruised and fried in sweet oil, till it is dissolved; this oil applied in the
morning to the head, and washed off at night, and this repeated for 21 days,
it will greatly increase the growth of the hair; its leaves and branches thus
prepared have the same effect

If the Red Goongcha, having its bark peeled off, be coarse pounded to the
quantity of eight ounces, and boiled in eight pounds of cow’s milk, till only
three pounds remain, then coagulated, and its butter extracted; the butter
will reproduce hair on any parts which may have been deprived of it by
venereal or other disease, and the effect will take place by its continuance
for a fortnight. The white Goonchee, in the quantity of two direms, given
internally for three days, with sugar, to a woman, will render her barren.

829Khelowrie ‫كهيلورى‬.—The name for the composition of certain pills,

about the size of Peepul seed, sold covered with silver leaf; they are highly
scented, and improve the smell of the mouth; they enliven the spirits and
strengthen the stomach. They are made of Kuth in this manner:

The Catechu is first mixed well with water, and the precipitate taken for
use. This is boiled in cow’s milk, or sometimes in the above-mentioned
water; then Musk Amber and Rose-water are added, or the distilled water of
Keora, and from this the pills are formed.

830Khull ‫كهل‬.—A name for Kus’boosum seem; the refuse of Till. It is

heavy and flatulent, weakens eye-sight; is aphrodisiac; and is used as a soap
to remove grease from the hands.

Khopra ‫كهپرا‬.—A name for Narzeel. Its properties mentioned in

831

Yunani works.

832Khewumberie ‫كهيوم بيرى‬.—The wild fig; useful in white leprosy.

All Indian physicians use the root in this disease, both internally and
externally; some have called it hot, others cold; it is likewise named
Kewumber.

833 Khesoo ‫كهيسو‬.—A root; the leaf of its tree resembles a tiger’s claws.
Its flower is yellow; the tree large and common all over the jungles, and
becomes of a red color like fire.

834 Khynth ‫كهينتهة‬.—A tree of India; its fruit acid like the apple when
unripe; it is light; cures thirst, hiccup, disorders of wind and bile. It clears
the throat; is difficult of digestion, and strengthens the stomach, and is
lithontriptic; beneficial in fulness of the head, and is cool and dry in the
second degree.

835Gheyd ‫گيد‬.—A kind of Vulture. Its flesh is beneficial in disorders of the

eyes; it is a bird of prey; hot and dry: it is of a black color, though some
have described it as grey. The Baaz and Joorra are used in hawking. A.
Okab, P. Aal.

836 Kinchua ‫كينچو‬.—A name of Kherrateen. The earth-worm. It is used in

oil and fomentation as an aphrodisiac, and for this purpose the most
powerful is the Lumbricus discharged from the human subject.
 Maadentezerrubad.

It is said, that if the Kinchua be dried and mixed with dhaie, it will contract
the vagina. If it be mixed with sweet oil, and boiled, and in this Zaftroomie
(pitch) be dissolved, and the mixture externally applied, it will increase the
size of the male organ. From the worm a kind of copper is procured, which
is called in India Paak Tamba. If put in the mouth it has this effect, that the
taste of the neeb, or pungency of chunam will not be perceptible. It is an
antidote to all animal as well as vegetable poisons, and hydrophobia; useful
in want of power in the digestive organs and pains in the bowels. Its powder
is useful in the Soorkhbad, and kept in the mouth, prevents thirst; and if
kept about the person a snake will not approach or bite. Thus prepared:—
The fresh worms are taken and put into a copper vessel, over them is poured
lime juice, and the vessel well luted, is placed on the fire; when well boiled,
the medicine will be found adhering to the top and sides of the vessel.

Another mode.

Take of white lead and borax, each eight direms; turmeric and bullock’s
bile, each four direms; worms and honey, each 24 direms; mix and fry the
whole in cow’s ghee, and when fried, make the mass into balls. Place these
balls in an earthen vessel on the fire, and by means of bellows increase the
heat, and keep it so, for some time; and when taken off the fire, the Paak
Tamba will be found in small grains at the bottom.

837Gyndha ‫گيندها‬.—Rhinoceros. A four-footed beast, larger than the

buffaloe. Its skin black and indented; it is very hard, and used for making
shields, which are held in great estimation. It has a horn near its nose. Its
flesh is used in disorders of wind, and decreases urine and fæces. The
smoke of the horn while burning is excellent in the cure of piles, and for
producing easy labour; drinking water from a cup made of the horn will
also cure the piles. P. Kurguddun.

838Kenkra ‫كينكڑا‬.—Its flesh is cool, and strengthens the seven

component parts of the body; is aphrodisiac, and remedies profuse
discharge of the menses. “The Crab.”
839Kesur ‫ كيسر‬or Kunkum. Saffron. It is pungent and hot; exhilirates the
spirit; useful in hiccup and in affections of the skin from a taint in the
blood; it is beneficial in head-ache; allays vomiting; is vermifuge; cures
boils and disorders of the three secretions, and cleans the complexion. P.
Zaffraan.

840Kyte ‫گيت‬.—When unripe, it is light; induces costiveness; used in

disorders of the three secretions. When ripe, it becomes of a bitterish sweet,
and is useful in dropsy, eruptions of the mouth, and in wind. It is heavy,
clears the throat, is slow of digestion, and allays thirst.

Kytiputtrie ‫كيتى پترى‬.—Its leaves resemble the Kyte; it is hot and

841

pungent; used in disorders from poison, phlegm in the throat, and seminal
weakness.

Kyloot ‫كيلوٹ‬.—Cool, astringent; useful in eruptions of the mouth, in

842

mucus, and flatulent disorders.

843Keora ‫كيوڑا‬.—Pandanus Odoratissimus, (Roxb.) It is like the Ketki,

but it is twice as large; its leaves are prickly, and about the same thickness
throughout. It is in fact like a head of Indian corn before its leaves recede. It
has a very powerful, penetrating, diffusible scent, more perceptible at a
distance than when close; and after it is dried the smell remains. If it is put
amongst linen, the smell will adhere to it for a length of time. The plant is
about 12 feet high; its leaves resemble the Juwar, and are long and trefoil,
with prickles upon all of them; it flowers when four years old. Earth is
thrown up round the roots every year. In the Deccan and in Behar, it is very
common. A distilled water is made from its flowers, which is cardiac and
stomachic.

Kethki ‫كيتكى‬.—Also Pandanus Odoratissimus, for it is a kind of

844

Keora. The Sirrunkethkie is also a species of this.

845Kewanch ‫كيوانچ‬.—Sweet, hot, heavy, and aphrodisiac; produces an
increased secretion of semen. Its seed is useful in disorders of wind, and is
also aphrodisiac. It is a name for Kabeakudje, and that is a species of
Curruf’s junglee. It is also a name for Dolichos Pruriens or Cow-itch.

846Kela ‫كيال‬.—Musa Paradisiaca. The Plantain or Banana. The tree is

straight, about the height of a spear. Its leaves, when young, come out in the
form of a round ruler, and are soft as satin, and much resembling it, with
cross marks resembling the plaits of cloth. The leaf when expanded is very
long and broad. Its flower is a hard substance, of a pyramidal shape, and
covered with leaves of a dark-red color. Every tree which has flowered
bears 70 or 80 plantains, formed in distinct rows round a centre stem, and
the tree bears only once. And the fruit ripe, the tree must be cut down, to
leave room for others to spring up from the same root. There are many
kinds of this fruit. The best kind is small, and called Imrutbean; and the
people of India have said that the camphor is produced from it: but those
who say so are ignorant, the camphor tree is very different. Its root is tonic;
beneficial in disorders of bile, blood, and mucus, and in gonorrhœa; but it
weakens aphrodisia. The fruit is sweet, cool, moist, and heavy; increases
flatulence and mucus; useful in disorders of bile, blood, wind, and heat of
the chest. A. Mooz. The natives of India dress the unripe fruit with meat, or
even dress it alone; and the Hindoos dress the heart of the branches for
food. This I have found very effectual as an aphrodisiac and for increasing
semen, and as a tonic to the brain. It weakens the stomach, and is heavy; its
corrector is cardamum seed. The Yunani physicians say, that its correctors
are honey, gum, and ginger.

847 Keetkarode ‫كيتكارود‬.—A name for Baraicund.

848 Keekur ‫ كيكر‬or Babool. “Acacia Arabica, W. Babool, H. Barbura, S.

Babool ka Goond (the gum), H. The bark, like that of most of the Acacias,
is a powerful astringent, and is used as a substitute for Oak bark in tanning
by leather-manufacturers in India. Gomme Arabique, F. Arabischen Gummi,
G. Gomma Arabica, I. Vullam pisin, Tam.” A common prickly tree of the
jungles; its leaves very numerous and small; it is of two kinds, a large and a
small. The young trees have very numerous prickles, the old trees have
fewer; its bark kept in the mouth relieves cough. Its leaves heated and
applied to the eye removes heat and inflammation; both kinds are
astringent, hot, and pungent, useful in cough, mucus, and diseases
proceeding from mucus; restrain laxatives of the bowels, and are useful in
piles. The young leaves infused for a night in water, in the morning bruised
in the water, and this drank, will be found very useful in gonorrhœa and
itchiness of the bladder.

Keet ‫ كيت‬or Keetie. The refuse or scoriæ of iron; it is sweet, pungent,

849

and hot; beneficial in wind, worms, cholicks, seminal weakness, and

swellings.

850Gehoon ‫گيهون‬.—A name for Gundum. A. Hinta. It is oleaginous and

slow of digestion; facilitates the junction of fractured bones. Is soft, tonic,
useful in mucus, and increases semen. Its oil is beneficial in Daad and
swellings from vitiated bile. The oil is thus made:—White Gehoon is
moistened for a night in water, and in the morning the oil is extracted.

851Geroo ‫گيرو‬.—It is sweet, astringent, and cool; useful in ulcers; clears

the skin; beneficial in piles, heat, and incipient phlegmon. It resembles the
Gilermonie, and is often substituted for it.
 ‫ل‬
852Laak ‫الک‬.—Common lac is a kind of wax, formed by the Coccus
Lacca: cool, moist; clears the color of the skin; is aphrodisiac; useful in
disorders of mucus, blood, bile; and is vermifuge. It also cures boils,
eruptions, acne, bruises, and Juzam, and removes possession by evil spirits.
I have found it to be very aphrodisiac.

This is the gum of the Baer tree. There is one kind of Seed Lac, which when
melted becomes like this.

853 Lahi ‫الهى‬.—A name for Ulsee.

854Langullie ‫النگولى‬.—The name of a shrub, pungent and hot; useful in

disorders of wind, mucus, and ulcers, also in affections of the stomach and
bowels; is laxative.

855Lubhera ‫لوبهيرا‬.—Hot; antidote to poison; useful in blisters, boils,

acne, and Juzam; strengthens the hair of the head; is aphrodisiac; useful in
disorders of wind, blood, and in hectic fever.

856Lublie ‫ لبلى‬or Lolie. A high tree with very numerous leaves and
branches; the leaves are smooth and shining, and when rubbed, have a
sweet smell: they are of a yellowish color. Its bark is soft and flexible; the
fruit like the Malkungnie, but of a dark-purple color. The properties of the
fruit are, that it cures disorders of blood, and piles, superabundance of wind,
and eruptions of the mouth. It is light, and the kernel of the seed is of the
same nature.

857Lutoobrie ‫لتوبرى‬.—Called also Soonitjhal. The plant is about half a

yard in height, it grows in the hot weather on the banks of the rivers or near
water; brought in contact with the skin, it produces itching and pimples. The
Hindoos use it as pickles by cutting the branches in pieces, infusing them in
water for several days till they become sour. It is hot, and its juice very
useful in ringworm. It in the first place causes a great discharge of water
from the parts, and then heals them up. If it is bruised and applied for three
days to parts void of sensation, it will produce blisters, and the water being
discharged, and common ointment applied to the parts, the cure will be
found complete. It dissipates wind. The leaves resemble Tirriteruk; the
flower is yellow like the Baboona.

858 Lydoaloo ‫ليدوالو‬.—“Mimosa Natans.” Bitter, astringent, and cool;

used in the cure of disorders of mucus and bile, eruptions from diffusion of
bile, pains or inflammation in the female parts of generation, and restrains
diarrhœa. It is sensitive, and contracts to the touch. I have seen the plants,
and noticed that the leaves resembled those of the tamarind, but are smaller.
Its branches small, with very minute prickles. It is said that it grows to a
yard in height, and that it is so very sensitive that it contracts if a shadow
passes over it.

859Lichmuna ‫لچمونا‬.—The female called Lichmunie. It is cool, aperient,

and aphrodisiac; useful in disorders of wind, bile and mucus. It is the name
of the Nuffaa, also called the small Kuthui.

860 Lichmiphill ‫پهل‬ ‫لچمى‬.—A name for Bele.

861 Lichkutch ‫لچكچ‬.—A name for Burhel, also called Lukitch.

Lukmunia ‫ لكمنى‬and Lukmunie. Names for Litchmuna. In A. called

862

Beroogus sunum. P. Mirdumgeea.

863Loodh’phup ‫لودة پہل‬.—Sweet, cool, moist, and light; tonic,

astringent, and diuretic; relieves disorders of bile, and slightly increases
mucus and wind.
864Lodh ‫لودة‬.—“Simplocus Racemosa.” A kind of this is white. I have not
seen the tree; the bark is brought from the hills; thick, and of a white color;
both kinds are astringent, cool, and aperient; strengthens the eyes;
beneficial in disorders of mucus, blood, and swellings; useful in vomiting of
blood, and is laxative. Its flower is sweet, bitter, and astringent; of use in
affections of the eyes and mucus; increases the consistence of semen, and is
an ingredient in all aphrodisiac formulæ. The particular manner of its
administration I have given in my other publications. The Lodh Pytanee is a
kind of this.

Maadentezerrubad.

Lodh is of two kinds, one from Guzeerat, of a reddish clear color, the other
from the hills of Hindustan, of a dirty greenish hue, and underneath reddish.
The latter is used by the dyers, and the former in medicine. It is beneficial
in disorders of the eyes; it is cool, dry, and astringent; restrains vomiting of
blood; generally styptic, and as a cold application, removes pain of the eye.
Dose one miskal.

865Lawa ‫لوا‬.—“Perdix Chinensis.” A bird smaller than the partridge; of this

the people of India have enumerated four kinds—Bansal, Goruk,
Goonderuck, and Durber. The meat of three of them is cool, moist, cardiac,
astringent, and stomachic. The first kind is hot, increases mucus, and
beneficial in disorders of wind. The second kind is useful in mucous
disorders. The third kind is light; its properties in equilibrium; useful as
food for the debilitated.

866Loonia ‫لونيا‬.—“Portulaca oleracea.” Culinary greens; another kind is

called Koonder. Both are saltish to the taste, and sweet during digestion;
cool and dry, heavy and aperient; increase wind and flatulent swellings of
the abdomen, also bile and mucus. The other kind is understood to be hot;
useful in difficulty of breathing, disorders of mucus, and increases
flatulence.
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