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Chemical Bonding Seminar Notes

The seminar on Chemical Bonding explains how atoms combine to form molecules and compounds through various types of bonds: ionic, covalent, coordinate, and metallic. It emphasizes the octet rule, bond properties, and provides examples for each bond type. Understanding chemical bonding is crucial for grasping the structure and stability of matter.

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66 views2 pages

Chemical Bonding Seminar Notes

The seminar on Chemical Bonding explains how atoms combine to form molecules and compounds through various types of bonds: ionic, covalent, coordinate, and metallic. It emphasizes the octet rule, bond properties, and provides examples for each bond type. Understanding chemical bonding is crucial for grasping the structure and stability of matter.

Uploaded by

rejithavishwanath76
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chemical Bonding – 10-Minute Seminar

(Class 11)
1. Introduction
Good morning everyone. Today I’m going to explain a fundamental and fascinating topic in
chemistry — **Chemical Bonding**. This concept explains how and why atoms come
together to form molecules and compounds. It is the backbone of all chemical reactions and
matter in the universe.

2. What is Chemical Bonding?


Chemical bonding is the force that holds atoms together in a compound. Atoms bond to
achieve a stable electronic configuration, usually similar to noble gases (octet rule).

3. Types of Chemical Bonds


🔹 **Ionic Bond:**

• Formed by transfer of electrons from one atom to another.


• Usually occurs between metals and non-metals.
• Example: NaCl (Sodium Chloride) → Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions.
• Strong electrostatic force holds the ions together.
• High melting/boiling points, conduct electricity when molten or dissolved.

🔹 **Covalent Bond:**

• Formed by sharing of electrons between atoms.


• Usually occurs between non-metal atoms.
• Example: H₂O (Water) → H shares electrons with O.
• Molecules have definite shape, low melting points, and poor conductivity.

🔹 **Coordinate (Dative) Bond:**

• A type of covalent bond where both electrons come from the same atom.
• Example: NH₄⁺ (Ammonium ion)
• Common in complex ions and acids.

🔹 **Metallic Bond:**

• Found in metals where electrons are free to move (electron sea).


• Strong, flexible, and good conductors of heat and electricity.
4. Octet Rule & Its Exceptions
• Most atoms bond to achieve 8 electrons in their outer shell (octet rule).
• Exceptions:
- H, He → stable with 2 electrons
- B → stable with 6 electrons (e.g., BF₃)
- Some elements can expand octet (e.g., PCl₅, SF₆)

5. Bond Properties
🔹 **Bond Length:** Distance between two bonded nuclei.
🔹 **Bond Energy:** Energy required to break the bond.
🔹 **Bond Angle:** Angle between two bonds in a molecule.

6. Summary Table of Bond Types


Bond Type Formed By Example Key Feature Conductivity

Ionic Electron NaCl High melting Yes (in


transfer point solution)

Covalent Electron H₂O Definite shape No


sharing

Coordinate Lone pair NH₄⁺ Same as No


donation covalent

Metallic Electron sea Fe, Cu Conductive, Yes


malleable

7. Conclusion
In conclusion, chemical bonding is essential to understand how atoms form molecules and
compounds. Whether by transferring, sharing, or pooling electrons, bonding provides the
structure and stability for all matter around us. Understanding different types of bonds
helps us explain everything from salt to water to metals!

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