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Directing Research in Primary Care Bk 2 Going Clinical
1st Edition David A. Katerndahl (Author) Digital Instant
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Author(s): David A. Katerndahl (Author); Kenneth M. Boyd (Author)
ISBN(s): 9781846190285, 1315347628
Edition: 1
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Year: 2006
Language: english
Directing Research in
Primary Care

David A. Katerndahl, MD, MA

Boca Raton London New York

CRC Press is an imprint of the

Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
First published 2006 by Radcliffe Publishing

Published 2018 by CRC Press

Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742

© 2006 by David A. Katerndahl

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Contents

Preface v
About the Author vii
Acknowledgments viii
Abbreviations ix
Dedication x

Section I. Directing Research 1

1 The Primary Care Research Environm ent 3
2 The Big Picture 12
3 Whose Job is it? The Role of the Research "Director" 17
4 Meeting the Administrative Responsibilities of the Research
Director 21

Section II. Developing Individual Researchers 29

5 Lighting and Fanning the Flame 31
6 Characteristics of the Productive Researcher 37
7 Developing Research Skills in Individual Investigators 43
8 Individual Resources: Mentors and Money 54
9 Receiving Promotion, Getting Tenured 59
10 Planning Research Careers 73

Section III. Promoting Research in the Department 79

11 Developing Culture 81
12 Stages of Departmental Research Development 89
13 Elements of a Departmental Development Plan 96
14 Departmental Resources: Mentors, Money and Models 102
15 Evaluating Success 113

Section IV. Building Research w ithin the Com plex Adaptive

Departmental System 123
16 Complex Adaptive Systems 125
17 Evidence for Multilevel Complexity in Research Programs 131
18 Research Development Based upon the Recognition of Complexity 140

Section V. The Future of Primary Care Research 151

19 To W here We Head 153
References 163
iv Contents

Appendix 1: Career Development 173

Appendix 2: Complexity Science Glossary 189
Index 191
Preface

W hy This Book; W hy Now?

With a meager 20- to 30-year tradition of research output in primary care, why is
a guidebook describing the development of a departmental research program
needed? The answer is that recent developments and anticipated future devel­
opments suggest that things are changing, that the recognition of and need for
primary care research may have turned a corner in academic circles. First, within
primary care disciplines, the perception of research has changed. Evidence-based
medicine is increasingly embraced. Organizations such as the American Academy
of Family Physicians are investing in research development and trying to change
the negative perceptions of research held by its members. A new research journal,
the Annals of Family Medicine, was successfully launched by a consortium of
primary care groups. The membership of the North American Primary Care
Research Group has grown from 492 in 1997 to 833 in 2003. Second, outside
of primary care, the perception of our research has changed. Although the
funding of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality is still inadequate,
other National Institutes of Health (NIH) institutes recognize the need for
research in primary care settings, are beginning to fund studies involving
practice-based research networks, and actively seek participation of primary
care researchers on their study sections. Finally, potential future development
will rely heavily upon a primary care base, thus needing a strong research base.
Such developments include national healthcare reform that can only succeed
through a primary care foundation, growing concern about health disparities
among certain segments of the population (segments which depend upon
primary care for their access to healthcare services), and national initiatives to
improve the quality of care while reducing medical errors (necessitating a focus
on primary care co-ordination of services in our complex system). The Future of
Family Medicine Project clearly links the need for research to such reforms.

How will the Development of Departmental Research be

Approached?
Section I focuses on the research environm ent outside of the primary care
department or division and the roles administrators play in forming that
environment. After reviewing the current primary care and family medicine
research environments, the section looks at the standards, environment, and
attitudes that constitute the ingredients of the research environm ent, and reviews
the roles that the dean, the department chair, the individual researcher, and the
research director have in providing a research environm ent that is conducive to
primary care research. Finally, the section focuses upon the responsibilities of the
research director. Section II deals with developing individual researchers, from
motivating the faculty to get involved in research, to the characteristics of
vi Preface

productive researchers. The section describes strategies for the development of

researchers, including preparing for promotion and planning their careers.
Section III deals with development of research from a departmental standpoint,
looking at the qualities of productive departments as well as developmental stages
and plans. The section concludes with a discussion of evaluating the success of
such development. Section IV changes from the traditional perspective of
investigator and departmental development, to viewing building research capa­
city from the framework of complexity science. After presenting evidence that
research units are in fact complex adaptive systems, the section discusses how
building research capacity would differ from traditional approaches if done from a
complexity science perspective. Finally, Section V reviews recent developments
that are important to the future development of primary care research, and
presents recommendations designed to foster a positive environm ent for future
primary care researchers.

W h at is Unique About This Book?

Perhaps nothing; perhaps everything. Each chapter begins with a brief vignette. If
you see yourself or a colleague within that vignette, that chapter is likely to
"speak to you". The body of each chapter is an amalgam of personal experience in
capacity building at the national, state, and local level, along with a review of the
literature. Finally, each chapter ends with a synthesis to give you the high points
and attempt to resolve any contradictions presented. Thus, this book is also
unique in its devotion to building research capacity at both the micro- and m acro­
levels, the individual, and departmental levels. Finally, this book attempts to
present capacity building not only from the traditional approach, but from a
complexity science approach as well.

W h o Should Read This Book?

Although written from the perspective of the director of research within an
academic primary care department or division (or someone considering such a
position), others may benefit from this manuscript. Medical deans seeking to
provide an academic environm ent conducive to primary care and interdisciplin­
ary research should find this book helpful. Individual primary care researchers
will benefit personally from the advice presented in Section II, but may also find
the larger perspective discussed in the other sections helpful in understanding
their position within the greater context. Finally, the departmental chair who
wants to develop or support research within his or her department will benefit
from the description of w hat is needed for such development, its realistic timeline,
and the qualities needed in its research director. I hope everyone - researcher,
administrator, and scholar - can take something from the time spent in reading
these pages.
David A. Katerndahl, m d , ma
Professor
Department of Family and Community Medicine
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
San Antonio, Texas
November 2005
About the Author

David K aterndahl has long been committed to building research capacity in

primary care. After receiving his medical degree from the University of Illinois
and completing a family medicine residency at Ohio State University, he
completed a fellowship at Ohio State University and received a masters' degree
in education. After three years in private practice in rural Illinois, he joined the
faculty in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University
of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio in 1984.
In addition to serving as Director of Research in the Department of Family and
Community Medicine, he has been active in research development through the
Texas Academy of Family Physicians, serving as chairs of its Research Committee
and the Research Grants Committee for its foundation. At an international level,
Dr Katerndahl has served on the North American Primary Care Research Group's
(NAPCRG's) Committee for Building Research Capacity, founding the successful
Grant Generating Project and conducting a series of research career planning
workshops, and as co-chair of the Qualitative/Quantitative Methodology and
Complexity Science Special Interest Groups. In addition, he founded and
co-co-ordinated the annual Primary Care Research Methods and Statistics
Conference, now in its 20th year. Finally, he has authored or co-authored 17
articles and editorials on building research capacity within primary care. For his
efforts in promoting research development, Dr Katerndahl was awarded the
Presidential Award of Merit in 2004 by the Texas Academy of Family Physicians,
and the President's Recognition Award in 2002 by the North American Primary
Care Research Group.
Acknowledgments

I wish to thank my colleagues in the Department of Family and Community

Medicine at the University of Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio for
their ongoing support, their tolerance of evaluation activities, and their will­
ingness to serve as academic "guinea pigs". I appreciate the selfless input and
commitment of Benjamin Crabtree and Reuben McDaniel, and num erous prim ­
ary care researchers in the North American Primary Care Research Group.
Finally, I wish to express my personal gratitude to Robert Ferrer and Sandra
Burge for their thoughtful critique of this manuscript.
Abbreviations

AAFP American Academy of Family Physicians

AAU Academic Administrative Unit
AFMO Academic Family Medicine Organizations
AHCPR Agency for Health Care Policy and Research
AHRQ Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
AMA American Medical Association
AOA Alpha Omega Alpha
ASPN Ambulatory Sentinel Practice Network
CME continuing medical education
COV coefficient of variation
CV curriculum vitae
DHHS Department of Health and Human Services
FARES Faculty Activities and Research Environm ent Survey
FFM Future of Family Medicine
FPIN Family Practice Inquiries Network
HEENT head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat
HIPAA Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
HRSA Health Resources and Services Administration
ICPC International Classification of Primary Care
IRB Institutional Review Board
M&O m aintenance and operations
NAPCRG North American Primary Care Research Group
NIH National Institutes of Health
NRSA National Research Service Award
OGM Office of Grants M anagement
OR odds ratio
P&T promotion and tenure
PBRNs practice-based research networks
PHS Public Health Service
POEM patient-oriented evidence that matters
RFA Request for Applications
RWJ Robert Wood Johnson
SCI Science Citation Index
SSCI Social Science Citation Index
STFM Society of Teachers of Family Medicine
SWOG South West Oncology Group
TQM total quality m anagement
I wish to dedicate this book to Mitzie, Tiffany, Tarah, and Jenny for their patience
and understanding during my numerous absences at meetings, my ill-tempered
periods of grant writing, and my hours of writing seclusion. Whatever I may
accomplish professionally is only possible through your loving support.
Section I

Directing Research
Chapter I

The Primary Care Research

Environment

Vignette
Fresh from her clinical rotations, AZ. was in a quandary, pressured to begin the hunt
for a residency program but uncertain about what discipline to choose. Enjoying all of
her basic clerkships, she was leaning towards family medicine but she was concerned
about its future. What appealed to her was the emphasis on patient care and the
commitment to long-term relationships with patients, as well as the focus on teaching
among its faculty. It seemed the natural choice for someone who was "sick" of
hearing about the latest obscure study among tertiary care patients published in the
New England Journal of Medicine, someone who just wanted to care for patients and
their families. She actually liked the idea of belonging to the "counterculture" of
family medicine, committed to everything that the subspecialists held in low esteem.
She had been a "rebel" in college and the role suited her, but now family medicine
was calling for a "culture of inquiry" committed to primary care research. It seemed
as though the counterculture was selling out; that could not bode well for the
discipline.

Primary care research is essentially ignored in "ivory tower" medicine. But its
infancy is not surprising. Family medicine became a specialty in 1969; general
internal medicine and ambulatory pediatrics are even younger. Their research
structures are naturally less well established than those of specialty medicine.
Consequently, primary care research does not have the tradition or acceptance of
the rest of the clinical research establishment.
Yet, the trends in American medicine and healthcare are towards ambulatory
care, preventive medicine, cost containment, and healthcare delivery ... and
primary care that will provide for these needs. Hence, research in these areas is
most appropriately done by the primary care disciplines themselves. Recently,
even the National Institutes of Health are devoting attention to primary care
research . It is only proper that the funds appropriated for primary care research be
utilized by the primary care disciplines for conducting research within their arena
of practice.
Primary care must assume its role in the menagerie of clinical research.
Although basic research has been essential to all of the major breakthroughs in
medicine, it is clinical research that applies the basic knowledge to the patient.
Generally, clinical research takes the small laboratory-based bits of new informa-
tion and synthesizes them into a practical patient-based reality. This translation
4 Directing Research in Primary Care

process has contributed so m uch to the relative explosion of medical knowledge

over the past 30-40 years. Primary care research takes this translation process one
step further by applying the findings of tertiary care clinical research to the
primary care setting. In addition, primary care research is unique in its focus on
the natural history of common problems, the non-medical influences on health,
and effective models of care. Hence, primary care research represents the ultimate
in the synthesis-application process of clinical research.

The Primary Care Research Environment

A "profession" is distinguished from a "trade" by its effort to seek new knowledge
to better serve m ankind and contribute to the body of general knowledge
(Bawden, 1983). The value of research to the primary care physician is manifold.
Research helps to establish a discipline and generate new knowledge; primary
care research also seeks to provide information in areas previously ignored, thus
improving healthcare. In addition, research makes us more critical, improving
critical appraisal skills, and thereby improving our teaching and relationships
with other disciplines (Curtis, 1980).
In general, for primary care to realistically conduct high-quality research in
sufficient quantities to make a difference, the research environm ent must include
certain resources (i.e. research tools, library access), interchange (i.e. collabora­
tors, consultants, collegial stimulation), forums for communication of results, and
involvement of practice settings (Geyman, 1978). W hen primary care research
began, it faced num erous obstacles. In addition to a lack of researchers and
research journals, personal obstacles such as lack of confidence and an unwill­
ingness to study ourselves, coupled with the demands of clinical service held us
back (Colton, 1980). Even after the pioneers took the lead, primary care research
progressed slowly, mired in a sea of conflicting priorities. Unrealistic demands
were placed on researchers, who were expected to continue heavy teaching and
administrative loads at the expense of research time. Inadequate resources
(researchers, space, equipment, funding) continued to plague our efforts.
Researchers themselves were also part of the problem, possessing negative
attitudes concerning research and lacking commitment. Ultimately, the lack of
progress reflected apathy from leaders and the lack of a research tradition (Copp,
1984; Huth, 1986). As late as 1996, primary care research continued to battle
against the same barriers. There were problems with investigators (lack of a
critical mass, competing demands), the environm ent (lack of mentors, no
research culture), research ideas (reductionism approach, lack of theory),
methods (study design and m easurem ent problems, access to populations), and
funding.
However, efforts were put in place to attack each of these barriers. The lack of
investigators led to the development of "incubator" environm ents and training
opportunities. Limitations of the research environm ent led investigators to
develop collaborations and utilize multiple mentors. Movements led us to
promote the primary care perspective on research issues and to develop theoret­
ical underpinnings. Problems with reductionist methods and "heavily selected"
populations led researchers to develop and adapt new methods, emphasizing
m ultim ethod approaches and the formation of research laboratories. Finally, the
lack of research funding caused primary care leaders to push for federal support
 The Primary Care Research Environm ent 5

(such as the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)) and investi­
gators to seek alternative funding sources such as foundations and managed care
organizations, while also attempting to link primary care studies to initiatives in
specialist institutes (Stange, 1996).
In 1993, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (then the Agency for
Health Care Policy and Research) developed a set of recommendations to promote
primary care research; at a national level, the Department of Health and Human
Services (DHHS) and the Public Health Service (PHS) should increase their
support for primary care research, and AHRQ would develop a research
agenda. These institutions should also develop their own unique strategies.
Hence, while PHS supported the development of leadership skills in researchers,
AHRQ would support the development of practice-based research networks
(PBRNs) and of research infrastructure within primary care departments. In
addition, AHRQ would promote the development of linkages between disciplines
and researchers. At the individual level, AHRQ emphasized the need for primary
care research fellowships, and supported career development of researchers and
technical support for grant proposals. Finally, PHS would support efforts to teach
research skills to medical students (Agency for Health Care Policy and Research
(AHCPR), 1993). Despite the recognition of the barriers and opportunities
m entioned above, and the support of AHRQ and PHS, the research environm ent
for primary care is still less than optimal. But is the research environm ent in
family medicine any better?

The Family Practice Research Environment

Although research is recognized as critical to defining the discipline of family
medicine (Taylor, 1990), to ensuring that family physicians do not provide out-of-
date therapy (Antman et al, 1992), and to attracting qualified medical students
into the discipline (Bowman et al, 1996), the family practice environm ent is not
supportive of research because family practitioners do not value research. Even
though family physicians frequently ask clinical questions and seek answers
(Gorman and Helfand, 1993), they rarely use research sources. Family physicians
rate research as poorer than all other information sources in terms of under-
standability and applicability. In addition, research is rated as more credible than
only one other source - pharmaceutical representatives (Connelly et al, 1990).
Consequently, family physicians rarely use research articles as sources of
information, preferring to use colleagues and textbooks (Verhoeven et al,
1993). W hen offered free copies of the Archives of Family Medicine, only 19 000
of the 100 000 eligible physicians actually requested the journal. These negative
attitudes towards research are reflected in the poor attendance by practitioners at
research meetings and in the fate of its journals. Although the American Family
Physician with its review article format enjoys success, family medicine research
journals have struggled. The Family Practice Research Journal and Archives of Family
Medicine have term inated publication due to the lack of subscriptions by practi­
tioners, the resultant lack of advertisement dollars, and consequently financial
collapse.
Do other specialties or other primary care disciplines share these attitudes?
Compared with other specialties, family medicine is less likely to require research
to be conducted by its residents (Blake et al, 1994; Temte et al, 1994; Taniguchi
6 Directing Research in Primary Care

and Johnson, 1994; DeHaven et al, 1997). Compared with other primary care
specialties, family medicine also lags behind. This lack of research emphasis is true
in terms of the use of research (Connelly et al, 1990), research requirements
during residency training (Alguire et al, 1996), and the availability of research
fellowships (Elward et al, 1994; Rodnick, 1999). Thus, research values differ
among primary care disciplines. However, family physicians in other countries do
not share these attitudes. English family physicians use refereed journals more
often (Prescott et al, 1997). In addition, Danish family physicians accept the need
for involvement in research (Almind, 1993) and 62% of English family practices
are actually involved in research (Kenkre et al, 1993). Thus, negative attitudes
towards research may be unique to American family physicians.
If the research environm ent in the discipline of American family medicine is
not supportive of research, is the environm ent any more supportive for depart­
ments of family medicine within academic health centers?

The Academ ic Research Environment

Academic Health Centers

Many faculties at academic health centers feel that there has been an increase in
institutional support for clinical research in the past five years. This is true of
administrative support, patient and staff recruitment, and overall investment.
However, the greatest perceived gains have been in the area of clinical trials
rather than in more traditional primary care areas, such as outcomes research and
translational research. In addition, despite the perceived increased institutional
support for research, these faculties generally feel that clinical research is not the
institution's top priority (Oinonen et al, 2001).
In fact, a recent survey of department chairs and research administrators
suggests that they are less optimistic about the future of clinical research at
academic health centers. Generally, they felt that the environm ent for clinical
research was less healthy than it had been in the past, and that clinical researchers
face increasing challenges due to decreasing revenues, limited funding, increased
time commitments to practice, and changes in review procedures of institutional
review boards (Campbell et al, 2001).
This may be particularly true for primary care research. In 1986, 26% of general
internists felt that one of the reasons for inadequate research in primary care was
the denigration they experienced from subspecialists (Huth, 1986). Ten years
later, primary care research is still held in low regard by specialists in academic
health centers. Not only do subspecialist faculties rate the quality of primary care
research lower than do primary care faculties, but department chairs and research
directors rate it lower than do faculties (Block et al, 1996).
All clinical researchers in academic health centers face significant challenges,
but primary care researchers in these centers face more challenges than do other
investigators. The research environm ent within primary care in these academic
centers is even more tenuous.

Departments/Divisions of Primary Care

The opportunity for research is a significant motivational factor in the decision for
primary care physicians to enter academic medicine (Hueston, 1993a). Yet, few
 The Primary Care Research Environment 7

primary care faculty members spend significant amounts of time committed to

research. Part of the reason rests with the limitations placed on primary care
research at the levels of the academic health center and the discipline. However,
the supportiveness of the department is also critical and can often offset pressures
at higher levels.
Unfortunately, departmental environments often do not support research. A
critical person in the perceived support for research is the departmental chair. In
1994, family medicine chairs ranked the importance of research, non-research
scholarship, and fellowship as seventh, eighth, and ninth out of nine areas
(Katerndahl, 1994). This lack of support for scholarship may reflect the lack of
research experience among chairs. As of 1992, fewer than 20% of chairs had
research experience. Although younger chairs reported more research training
and skills than did their older counterparts, they had no more experience in
conducting research (Murata et al, 1992). And the proportion of chairs with
research experience has not increased much since then. Thus, a lack of research
experience may lead to a perception that research is less important or vice versa.
In either case, the perception that research is of less importance than patient care
or teaching, for example, will probably translate into a less supportive depart­
mental environm ent for research.

Whence W e Came
New research is built upon the foundations of past research. Each new study adds
to the tradition of medical research. In order to understand where we need to go,
we need to first know where we have been. Evaluating the current status of
medical research is difficult because not all good research is published and not all
published research is good. Indeed, it is appropriate at times to do research with
no intention of publishing. However, the only practical way to assess the status of
primary care research is to assess the status of the medical literature in general.
By sheer volume alone, the medical literature is impressive. The rate of its
growth is staggering. The 20,000 biomedical journals disseminate this informa­
tion at an expanding rate of 6-7% each year, doubling every 10-15 years. For
example, in a 10-year period, there were 16,000 citations on "viral hepatitis"!
Keeping up with this explosion would require you to read 200 articles per m onth
just to keep up with the 10 leading medical journals. To keep up with every
advance would require you to read about 40,000 articles each week (Price, 1963).
However, it appears that North American physicians spend between three hours
per week and 5.5 hours per m onth reading journals (Haynes et al, 1986).
Biomedical knowledge is expanding at a truly awesome rate.

Activity
In 1990, few family physicians or general pediatrics faculty considered themselves
primarily to be researchers (American Medical Association (AMA), 1988; Broth -
erton et al, 1997). Even in 1993, only about 10% of faculty time in university-
based and university-administered programs was spent on research (Hueston,
1993a). This is consistent with the state of support for research in family medicine
as presented in 1983. Of the 749 family practice programs surveyed, only 37%
had a visible research program, and only 54% had a research co-ordinator.
8 D irecting Research in Primary Care

Although over 70% of programs offered assistance with study design, writing,
computer programming, and analysis, only 45% had research assistants available.
In fact, more than half of the programs reported less than 10% of faculty time for
research (Culpepper and Franks, 1983). These figures are similar to the support
available to allied health faculty reported in 1993 (Peterson et al, 1993) and the
research time availability is similar to that reported for both allied health faculty
and perfusion faculty in 1987 and 1993 (Bennett and Beckley, 1987; Peterson et
al, 1993). Although these figures agree with the observation that from 1980 to
1989 the proportion of articles from practitioners in the British Journal of General
Practice dropped (Pitts, 1991), they differ from a survey that indicated that 62% of
general practices were involved in research in 1993 (Kenkre et al, 1993).

Quality
Study designs used in papers in the family medicine literature have been less
sophisticated than those of the general medical literature. Between 1977 and
1979, fewer than 10% of articles published in the Journal of Family Practice and the
Journal of the Royal College of General Practice used retrospective, cohort, and clinical
trial designs (Frey and Frey, 1981). A study of papers published in Family Medicine
found that 32% were case reports. In the study of the Journal of Family Practice
from 1974 to 1983, almost 90% of papers used a cross-sectional design (Geyman
and Berg, 1984), similar to general practice research in New Zealand (Richards,
1980). Over a 5-year period, observational research papers increased, while
reviews decreased. Experimental research remained steady at a low level
(Geyman and Berg, 1984). However, from 1984 to 1988, both descriptive and
experimental research in the Journal of Family Practice increased (Geyman and
Berg, 1989). However, a review of North American Primary Care Research Group
(NAPCRG) abstracts from 1977 to 1987 found that cross-sectional research was
presented 58% of the time with prospective and experimental research account­
ing for 15% each of the remainder (Muncie et al, 1990). Even though published
clinical trials increased in the US literature from 1987 to 1991 (Silagy et al, 1994),
the proportion of Australian clinical trials as reported in 1992 was still only 15%,
with descriptive research accounting for 52% (Silagy et al, 1992). This appears to
be in contradiction to the heavy involvement of general practices in clinical trials
as reported in the United Kingdom, where 68% of practices reported being
involved in a therapeutic trial (Kenkre et al, 1993). In fact, compared with a
sample of articles published in JAMA and the New England Journal of Medicine in
1989, articles published in US family medicine journals used similar research
designs (Marvel et al, 1991). However, in a survey of publications by family
medicine researchers in 2000, cross-sectional designs still predominated (56%)
with cohort (18%) and randomized trials (12%) accounting for similar propor­
tions to those found in 1990 (Merenstein et al, 2003).
Other than via study design, quality in research is a m atter of judgm ent and is
therefore difficult to assess. Although most publications in the Journal of General
Internal Medicine were felt to be acceptable, several problem areas were reported in
1989. These included generalizability, informed consent, reliability assessment,
and use of statistics (Cooper and Zangwill, 1989). In addition, two studies have
addressed the quality of clinical trials reported in the family medicine literature.
On the one hand, Silagy and Jewell (1994) found that, over the 39 years of trials
 The Primary Care Research Environment 9

published in the British Journal of General Practice, there was a trend towards
decreasing control of bias, but while Sonis and Joines (1994) agreed that the
quality of the trials published from 1974 to 1991 in the Journal of Family Practice
was poor, they also found that the quality was increasing over the years.
The relevance of research to practice is also a measure of quality. Once Curry
and MacIntyre (1982) established the concordance of family practice diagnostic
content across 15 studies, it became possible to assess the agreement between
these rankings and the content of the family medicine literature. Katerndahl et al
(1998) found significant correlations (rs = 0.66 and rs = 0.78) between the ranked
contents of practice and family medicine research from 1990 to 1996. Those topics
that were over-represented in the research literature tended to be either
preventive (i.e. alcohol use, contraception, dyslipidemia) or life-threatening
(i.e. cancer, violence, AIDS) in nature. W hen the family medicine research
publications of 2000 were evaluated, 46% were found to be relevant. In fact,
26% were felt to be highly relevant. On the other hand, of the 170 publications
reviewed, only 22 (13%) were both highly relevant and valid, suggestive of
patient-oriented evidence that matters (POEMs) (Merenstein et alf 2003). POEMs
are summaries of research studies that address questions frequently seen by
primary care physicians, that report outcomes considered important by physicians
and patients, and that have the potential to change physician behavior.

Publication Patterns
How productive are primary care researchers? Between 1990 and 1996, Katern­
dahl et al (1998) found that family medicine researchers published over 1200
research studies. Based upon articles published in MEDLINE-included sources,
Table 1.1 summarizes the quantity of research publications between 1990 and
1996. Such figures are probably compatible with those of Weiss (2002) who
found that Society of Teachers of Family Medicine (STFM) members published
749 research and non-research articles in 1989, 1040 in 1994, and 669 in 1999.
Pathman et al (2002) found that family medicine researchers published 484
research studies in 1999 and 496 in 2000 not limited to MEDLINE-based journals;
twice as m any as those found by Katerndahl et al (1998). Using different methods
of assessment, these studies confirm the lack of steady growth (and possibly even
decline) in research publications over time. However, in 2003, family medicine
researchers published 765 research articles (Pathman et al, 2005). Marchiori et al
(1998) reported that, whereas medicine faculty published between 2.0 and 2.2
articles per faculty member per year on average, general internal medicine faculty
published 1.8 articles. Other "primary care" faculty researchers published even
less with nursing faculties averaging 0.7 publications and chiropractic faculties
averaging only 0.3 publications per researcher. Although the m ean num ber of
publications per family medicine researcher was 2.24 for 1999-2000, the majority
of researchers had only one publication during that time; only 8% had over five
research publications (Pathman et al, 2002). Even though the total num ber of
research articles increased in 2003, the average num ber per researcher dropped to
1.89 articles per researcher (Pathman et al, 2005). This is consistent with the
findings of Weiss (2002) that only 8.5% of STFM members published more than
one article in 1999; down from 16% in both 1989 and 1994. These studies suggest
that, although the discipline produces a significant body of literature, its growth
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jur., 80 Prof. Leiden, 02 Mitgl. d. 2. Kammer d. Gen.Stat. — W: De
rechtstaat volgens de leer van Rud. Gneist (Diss.) 79; Hist. gedenkb.
98; Finland, de rechtsvraag etc. — LB: Schwimmen. — Hooigracht
29. Leiden (Holland). VAN DUYL, Anton Gillis Cornells, Schriftst.,
Journalist. — ♦ 8. xn 1829 in den Briel ,Süd-Holld. — V: Hendrik
Leendert t 51, Arzt in d. Briel, nachh. Städt.Arzt in Zierikzee (Insel
Schouwen, Prov. Zeeland); M: Maria Vogel a. Rotterdam. — Vorf:
Hugenotten a. Nordfrankr. im 17. Jhrh. in Leiden niedergel. —
Volkssch.; Pensionat franz. Seh.; Univ. Utrecht. — Verh: I. 11. VIII
59 m. Maria Antoinette Petronella Van Hengelaar, T. d. Van H., Dr.
jur. V. H. Utrecht u. s. Fr. Geertruida Christine van der Pant; II. 29.
VIII 06 m. Thörese Schwartze Malerin. — K : Maria Antoinette * 60,
verh. in Indien t 07 n. Rückkehr; MathUde Joana * 65; Ant. GU.
Cornelia jun. • 67, Journl. Red. „Telegraaf"; Christine Geertruida *
69, verh. m. Dr. med. ; Lorey Manon Antoinette Petronella * 73,
verh. m. H. M. C. Holdert, Du-. „Telegraf". — 51—56 stud. Univ.
Utrecht, wurde 58 f. 2 J., 59 — 61 angestellt a. Lektor in Geschichte
u. Politisch. Ökonom, d, Maatschappy tot Nut v.t. algemeen.61Red.
d. (alt.) Rotterdam. Courant.; ging Ende 63 n. Amsterdam a. Adj.
Secret. d. gem.-nützl. Ges. (Maats.) war gleichz. Red. d. belletr.
Monats sehr. „Nederland" u. d. Amsterdam. Effectenblad; 66 — 85
Chefred. d. Allgem. Handelsbl.; 83 als d. Internat, koloniale
AussteUg. gehalten werden sollte, überzeugt v. d. dringend.
Notwendigk. e. journ. Organisat.. d. den viel, ausländ. Kollegen
nützlich sein sollte, stiftete er d. Journ. -Bd. (erst Amsterdamer,
nachh. Niederländ.). — W: Zehn Tage in Portugal, 2 vol. 82; E.
Afrikander 83; Mooi Micke (Schön Minnele) 84; Nichten en Neven
(m. s. Bruder C. F.) 87; Karel Danig 89; D. Niederländer gegen
Spanien; D. Niederl. in Indien; Adam Smitz u. s. System; Niederl. in
1672; Japan u. d. Japaner. Schreibt f. v. Ztschr. u. Ztgn., hpts.
englische, bes. ü. d. Niederländ. Kolonien u. Süd-Afrika, wo er 88 —
89 einige Monate verweUte. — Chev. 16g. d'h., Br.-O. v. Leopold. —
Lib. — M. d. (litt. Genossensch. ) d. Nederl. Maatschappy. van
Letterkde. — Amsterdam, Prinssengracht 1089—91. [4 VAN DUlfLi
geb. Schwartze, Th6rftse, Kunstmalerin. — ♦ 20. XII 1852
Amsterdam. — V: Johann Georg Schwartze, Kunstmal. * 20. X 14
Amsterdam; M: Elise Herrmann a. Koblenz. — Vorf: Gr.-V. Joh.
Engelbrecht Schw. a. Vlotho flüchtet« V. König Jeröme n.
Amsterdam; verh. 1817 m. Clara Eleonore SchUdbach; ging n.
Philadelphia. — Töchtersch., Franz., Engl., Dtsch. — Verh: m. A. G.
C. Van Duyl, Schrittst., ehemalig. Chefred. d. allg. Handelsbl.
Amsterdam. — Arbeitete eifrig in d. Malerei unt. Leitg. üa. Vat. u.
zeigte sich schon früh, ihr angeb. Talent. N. Vat. Tod, 74, versch.
Portr. m. großem Erfolg gemalt. Ging einige Monate n. München, eig.
Atelier, wo Piloty u. bes. Lenbach u. Gabriel Max s. oft als Ratgeber
besuchten; 79 u. 84 einige Zeit n. Paris, besuchte regelmäß. d. Paris.
Salons, d. Ausstellg. u. Museen in d. gr. Städten Europas, 92*
 Van Dyck Wer ist's? 1460 - — W: Portr. : v. Harpignies
(Mus. Valenciennes); Königin-Mutter Emma m. ihr. Kind; D. Königin
Willielma dreimal: als Kind, als jung. Mädclien u. im Kröngsornat;
viele Holländer Staatsleute u. Prof. in d. Univ.; Fred. Müller, Antiquar;
Prof. Opzoomer, Harting, Hoekstra, Minist. Pierson, Minist. J.
Kappeyne, van de CoppeUo; Minist, van Tienhoven; Archit. Cuypers,
G. F. Westerman; Expresid. Krüger; Gener. Joubert, Botha, de Wet,
de la Rey usw. — Spez: Porträtmalen. — Arbeitet auch m. Erfolg in
Pastel. — Gr. gold. Med. d. Königs 59; Gold. Med. d. Reg. 83; Rr.-O.
v. Oran. Nass. 96; Gr. gold. Med. Ausstellgn.: Paris 84, London 84,
München 90, Melbourne, Gent, Wien 02, Chicago, St. Louis, Lüttich,
usw. u. viele Auszeichngn. — Künstler-Gen., Amsterdam ,,Arti et
Amicitiae, usw. — Amsterdam, Piinssengracht 1089 — 91. [4 Tan
DYCK, siebe Dyck. ▼an HISE, C. R., Prof., Dr. phil., Präsid. d. Univ. of
Wisconsin, Consult. Geolog, d. Wisconsin and Natural History Survey,
Prof. an d. Univ. Chicago. — Madison, Wisconsin, Ver. St. VAN
HOONACKER, Albin A., Prof. d. Alt. Test. d. kathol. Univ. Löwen
(Belgien), Dr. theol.. Hon. Canonic. d. Kathedral Kirche z. Brügge,
Chevalier d. Leopold Ordens. — * 19. XI 1857 Brügge. — V: Peter
van H., Händler. — M: Francisca Simoens. — Humanitätsstudien im
bischöfl. Kollegium z. Brügge, Theol. im bischöfl. Sem. Brügge u.
Theol. Fac. Univ. • Löwen. — Empfing d. Priesterweihe XII 80, Dr.
Theol. 86, Prof. d. Univ. Löwen 89, liest d. alte Test. s. 89 u.
Moralphilos. s. 94. — W: L'origine des 4 premiers chapitres du
Deuti'ronome 89; Quelques observations critiques sur les ri'cits
concernant Bih'am 88; Ni'-ht'mie et Esdras 90; N('h«'mie en l'an 20
d'Artaxerxes I, etc. 92; Zorobabel et le 2. teraple 92; Le vuu de
Jepht^, 93; Le lieu du culte dans» la Itgislation rituelle des H6breux
94; Nouvelles c'tudes sur rhistoire de la Restauration juive 96; Le
sacerdoce l
 1461 Wer ist's? Vasconcellos ▼ARENHORST. Wilhelm
AngnstOtto. Amtsrichter, Dr. jur., Mitgl. d. R. — • 21. V 1865
Fürstenau i. H. — V: Kaufm. u. Bürgermstr. H. Y. Fürstenau. — M:
Annchen Holthaus. — Vollcssch. Fürstenau, Ratsgymn. Osnabrück,
85—89 Univ: Jena u. Berlin. — Verh: 29. VIII 95 m. Ella Bruhne,
Hunteburg. — K : Hermann • 20. X 97. — Milit.-Zeit 89—90 26.
Hann. Feldart.-Rgt., 94 Ger.-Ass., 00 Amtsr. u. Vors. d. landw. Ver., s.
03 Mitgl. d. Kgl. Landwirtsch.Ges., 8. 07 Mitgl. d. R., Ob.Lt. d.
LandwehrFeldart., 05 Mitgl. d. Kreisaussch. Harburg. — LB: Jagd,
Ornithologie, Garten- u. Landwirtsch. — Sler. von ausgestopft,
einheim. Vögeln. — Dtsch. Reichsp. — Tostedt b. Harburg a. E.
TARGA, Edgar de (Fa.: J. B. Uerod), Chefred. d. United Stat.-Preß-
Associat., Schriftstell. — • 22. II 1859 Urft-ville, Lothr. — W: Gesch.
d. mod. Lit. Engl. 89. — New- York, R. 604, 150 Nassau Str.
YARGHA, Julius, o. Prof., Dr. Jur., Strafrecht u. Strafprozeß,
Rechtsphil. u. Völkerr. — * 4. VI 1841. — W: U. a. D. Abschaffg d.
Strafknechtschafl., Stud. z. Strafrechtsreform 96; D. Verteidigg. i.
Strafsachen, bist. u. dogm., 2 Bde. 79; D. österr. Strafprozeßrecht, 2.
A. 07. — Rr. d. kgl. schwed. Wasa-Ord. — Graz, Giacis8tr. 61.
▼ARNBÜI.ER T. n. zu HEMMINGEIV, Axel Th. M. J. E. A. A. Frhr., Dr.
jur., K. württ. Kherr, StaatsR u. ao. G. u. b. M. u. BevoUm. z.
BundesR. — * 10. I 1851. — V: G. Karl Frherr V. V. u. zu H., K. württ.
Khr u. Staatsmin. a. D. t 89. — M: Henriette Freiin v. Süßkind t 02.
— Verh: 21. XI 94 m. Natalie gesell. Siemens gb. GavTiliuk * 23. I
68. — K: Johann-Konrad • 2. XI 95: Axel-Waldemar • 26. XII 97;
Wilhelm • 12. II 99. — Berhn W.. Voßstr. 10. VARNHAGESr,
Hermann, o. Univ.Prof., Dr. phil.. Direkt, d. Sem. f. Engl. Philol. — •
10. VIII 1850ArolseB.— V: Robert V., GehR., t 03. — M: Aug. geb.
Schmitz, f 66. — Gymn. Korbach, Univ: Tübingen, Genf, Berlin u.
Göttingeu. — Verh: 5. XI 82 m. Helene, T. d. Geh. Just.-R.
Küchendahl, Stettin u. Frau Ida geb. Biener. — K: Gabriele* 7. 1 85;
Ilse* 24. XI 86. — 70 Maturit. Prüf., dtsch.-franz. Krieg 70/71, 71 —
75 Stud. d. klass., dann engl. u. roman. PhUol., 75/76 Lehr. a. d.
höh. Bürgersch. Münden i. Hann., 76 77 Stud. Aufenth Engl., 77/78
Lehrer a. d.Ulitzaschen höh. Bürgersch. Hamburg. 78 Priv.-Doz.
Greifswald, N 81 a. o. Prof. X 81 o. Prof. Erlangen, 06 Rektor. — W :
Hrsg. d. Erlanger Beitr. z. engl. Philolog. u. vergl. Lit. Gesch.; An
Inquiry into the Origin and different Meanings of theEnglish Particle
,,but" 76 ; Verz. d. auf d. neuer. Sprach, bezügl. Progr. u.
Dissertationen 77, 2. A. 93 ; Ital. Prosaversion d. sieb. Weisen 81 ;
Ein ind. Märch. auf s. Wanderung durch d. asiat. u. europ.
Literaturen 82; Longfellows Tales of a Wayside Ina u. ihre Quellen
84; Longfellow's Tales of a Wayside Inn m. dtschn Anmerkgen 88;
Älteste altfranzös. Bearbeitg d. Streites zwisch. Leib u. Seele 89; Zur
Geschichte d. Legende d. Katharina v. Alexandrien 91; Zu Dr. Dicks
Ausgabe der Innsbruck-Münchener Redaktion der Gesta Romanorum
91; Wer ist d. Verf. d. i. d. Mitteilgn, Beiblatt z. Anglia, erschien,
anonym. Rezension v. W. Dicks Ausg. d. Innsbruck-Münchener Red.
d. Gesta Romanorum? 91 ; E. letztes Wort betr. d. anonym. Rez. 91;
Lat. Bearbeitg der Legende d. Katharina v. Alexandrien nebst d.
Texte d. Mombritius 92; Hist. de TAbbL' teint en vert 92; Üb. e.
Samlg alt. ital. Drucke d. Erlang. Univ.- Bibl. 92; t)b. d. Fion e vita di
fllosafi ed altri savii ed imperadori nebst d. ital. Texte 93; Üb. die
Miniaturen in vier franz. Handschr. d. 15. u. 16. Jahrh. 94La Storia
della Biancha e la Bruna 94; Ital' Kleinigkeiten 95; Lautrecho, e. ital.
Dichtg d Francesco Mantovano nebst einer Gesch. d. franz Feldzuges
gegen Mailand i. J. 1522 96; Schlacht a. d. Lisaine 96; Werder gegen
Bourbaki, der Kampf d. 14. deutsch. Korps gegen d. frz Ostarmee im
Jan. 1871 97; Zur Gesch. d. frz. Feldzugs gegen Mailand i. J. 1522
98; De fabula scenica immolationem Isaac tractante quae sermone
medio-aiiglico conscripta in codice Bromensi asservata est 99; Piers
Plaiunes seaven yeres prentiship 00; Prolegomena ad Piers Plainnes
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d. Univ. Erlangen f. Prinzrecent Luitpold) Ol; D. Vorgänge auf franz.
Seite während d. ersten Abschnittes d. Gefechts v. Villers exel 02; De
glossis nonnullis angUcis quae tribus in codicibus bibliothecae regiae
publicae Dresdensis saeculo duo decirao scriptae exstant 02; La
novella di duo preti et un cherico inamorati d'una donna 03 ; La
historia di Ma ia per Ravenna 03; De verbis nonnullis linguae veteris
franco-gallicae 03; D. franz. Ostheer unt. Bourbaki v. Anbeginn b. z.
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umgestaltete Mißgestaltete 05; Vocabularium latino-anglicum
saeculo quinto decimo compositum e manuscripto Musei Britannici
05 ; Libellus grammaticus d, latinus Longe Parvula 06; De duobus
foliis libri cujusdam anglici adhuc ignoti 06; La historia di Florindo e
ChiarasteUa 07; La historia di Ottinello e Julia 07 (m. Pirson u.
Smith) Zur Einweihg. d. neuen Räume d. Sem. f. engl. Philol. u. d.
Sem. f. roman. Philol. a. d. Univ. Erlangen 07. Übers.: Rud. Schmidt,
Der verwandelte König 89; Ders., Erlöst 91. — Erlangen,
Löwenichstraße 26. VARRENTRAPP, Ad., Dr. jur.. Geh. Reg.-R.,
Bürgermstr. a. D. — R. Adl.-O. III. Kl. m. Schi. ; Kr.-O. IL Kl. —
Frankfurta. M., Grüneburgweg 113. VARRENTRAPP. Konrad, o. Prof.,
Dr., Mittl. u. neue Gesch., Univ. Marburg. — * 17. VIII 1844
Braunschweig. — Univ. Göttingen, Berün, Bonn. — Habil. s. 68 Bonn,
w. 73 das. ao. Prof. 74 o. Prof Marburg, 90 Straßburg, Ol w. i.
Marburg. — W: Erzbischof Christian I. v. Mainz 67; Z. Gesch. d.
kurfürstl. Univ Bonn 68; Hermann v. Wied u. sein
Reformationsversuch in Köln 78; Johannes Schulze u. d. höh. pr.
Unterrichtswesen in sein. Zeit 89; D. Gr. Kurfürst u. d. Univ 94;
Nicolaus erbel Ol; Auch gab er nach H. v. Sybels Tod dessen Vortr. u.
Abhdlgn. mit e. biogr. Einleit. heraus; Landgraf PhiUpp V. Hessen u.
d. Univ. Marburg 04. — Marburg. VASCONCEEEOS, Frau Carolina
Wil« helma Michaelis de, Dr. phil. hon. c. Schrittst. — • 15. III 1851
Berlin.— V: Gust. Michaeüs.- Verh: m.d.
portug.Scliriftst.JoaquimAntonio da Fonseca e Vasconcellos * 10. II
49.— W: Cid 68; Romancero del Cid71; TresFlores
delTeatroAntigoespanol76; Stud. z. roman. Wortforschg. 76; Portug.
Weihnachtsauto81 ; Versuch üb. d. RitterromanPalmeirim de
Inglaterra83 ; Poesias de Francisco de Sä de Miranda85 ;
Stud.z.hispan. Wortdeutg.86 ; Romanzenstud. 91 ; D. portug.
Infinitiv 91 ; Gesch. d. portug.Lit. 93; Fragmentos etymologicos 94;
Z. Liederb, d. KönigsDcnis95 ; Randglossen z. altportug. Liederb. s.
96 ; Vida e Obras de Luis de Camöes 97 ; LaTragedia de la Reina
Isabel 98 ; A Infanta Dona Maria de Portugal e as suas Dama802 ;
Petro de
 •S. 0. saalei Kim Berl: (Schi SCH der ; astroi münsu Staats:
Prof. ■} — Eni; — Gy Tübing -Anna Amalie *89;E * 95.richter,
Ministe] evang. ; Staatsr. waltung Bad. Un Tauberb 85 b. d. Üniv.-Bi
W: D. a Scliiliersf schwa WiJlielm, Export- G Hermann Henriette
absolv. — gleiterin • Tropengej -Aiisbildg. Portug.; , f-; Riedel _VV;
Veröfj delsangelej ■Peruan. Mi Finanz, u. Spr- u. ai ■t^ureau: E
^^i^- Ilsen wab u-Oberlt.a. aershausen 73-74 Mili !;'iss. Leipz; Ger.-
Ass., ; ^altg., 03 off- Arb. si 07 M. d. Nordam. Ei' Schaf tsgebar ■ ^-
d. natUb; Wer ist's? 1462 Andrade Cuminha Ol; O Cancioneiro da
Ajuda 04; As Capella« imperfeitas e a Lenda das devisas gregas 05;
Romances velhos em Portugal 08; Aufs, in Herrigs Arch.f. d. Stud. d.
neuer. Sprach. u. Lit. ; Jahrb. f. rem. u. engl.Lit., Rom.Forschgn. ;
Ztschr. f. rem. Philol., Jahrb. d. Dtsch. Shakesp.Ges., Eevista da
Sociedade de InstrucQao, Instituto etc. — Port Revista Lusitana,
TradigHo, Archivo historico rua de Cedofeita 159. TASEIi. A. — Sler:
Sammlg. Torgeschichtl. Gegenst. (ca. 450 Nummern), v.
Bauerntrachten u. Geräten (ca. 600 Nr.), v. Lithographien,
Holzschnitten, Kupferstichen, Handzeichnungen usw. (etwa 6600
Nr.), Ölgemälden, Email, Porzellan, bes. Fürsteuberger-Fayence,
Glas, Dosen. — Vor einigen Jahren schenkte er d. vorhanden
geweseneu Gräberfde. d. Hzgl. Museum Braunschweig. —
Beierstedt, Braunschweig. VASZARY, Claudius F.. Kardinal. Fürst-
Erzbischof v. Gran u. Primas v. Ungarn, Eminz. — * 12. II 1832
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Martinsberg, wo er Theol. u. Philos. stud. u. 55 die Priesterweihe
empf,. 61 Prof. d. Gesch. a. Obergymn. i. Gran, 69 Dir. d. Obergymn.
i. Raab, 85 Erzabt d. Benediktinerkl. Martinsb. m. Sitz i. Oberhause,
wurde 91 z. Erzbisch, v. Gran u. Primas v. Ung., 93 z. Kard. ern., trat
im Oberhause als entschied. Gegner d. kirchenpolit. Geeetzgebg auf.
— Gran, Ung. VATER. Heinrich, Prof., Dr., 8Iineralogie, Geol.,
Bodenkunde, miner. u. petrogr. Übungen, geol. Exkursionen Kgl. s.
Forstakad. Tharandt. — * 5. IX 1859 Bremen. — Stud. 79 — 85
Dresden, Leipzig, München; 85 Dr. phil. Leipzig u. Mitarb. d. geolog.
Land.-Aufn. d. Königreichs Sachsen, 86 auch Priv.-Doz. an d. techn.
Hochsch. Dresden u. s. 87 Prof. an d. Forstakad. Tharandt. — W:
Artikel u. viele Abh. in Fachztschr., b. Ol haupts. üb. Kristallograph.,
seitdem vorwieg. üb. Bodenkunde, Sektion Großenhain-Priestewitz,
Geolog. Aufn. m. O. Herrmann, Erläuterg. 90. — Forstakad.
Tharandt. VATTER, Joh.. Dir. d. Taubst.-Anst., Sclu-iftst. — • 19. II
1842 Trailflngen. — W: Verbund. Sach- u. Sprachunterr. 93; Fibel 86;
Kl. Naturlelire 79; Dtsche Sprache u. ihre method.-prakt. Behandig
81; Sprachstoffe 83; Method.-prakt. Bemerkgn z. ersten
Sprachunterr. 83; Wie lehrt man Taubst, gut sprechen 84;
Sprechtafeln 86; Wandflb. m. Bild. 87; Taubstummenpfl. 91 ;
Ausbildgd. Taubst, in d. Lautspr. »1-99; Evang.ReUg.-Buch93;
Hrsg.d.Org.d.Taubst.-Anst. in Dtschld u. d. dtsch. redend.
Nachbarland. — Frankfurt a. M., Gabelsbergerstr. 2. TAUBEL.. J.
Wilhelm C. E.. Priv.« Doz. techn. Hochsch., Dr. phil., Inh. e. öffentl.
Laborat. — • 26. XI 1864 Darmstadt. — V.Christoph V. Ing. — M :
gb. Becker. — Bealgymn., Univ. Giessen. — Verh: 28. III 94 m. Joh.
Senner. — K: Lotte • 14. XI 96; Hilde • 6. VII 98; Ludwig • 2 IX
1903. — Privatsch. Stettin, Realgymn. Giessen. Stud. erst Med.- u.
Naturw., dann spez. Chemie, Assist, i. Giessen 1887-91, ca. 8 Jahr i.
d. Techn., Priv.-Doz. techn. Hochsch. Darmstadt, 96. Gedient i.
Wilhelmshafen als Einj.-Freiw.. vorh. aus Gesundheitsrücks. z. See
gef. ~ W: Ca. 100 Pubükat. a. d. versch. Geb. d. Chem. ;
Stereochem. Forschgen; Bestimmgs-Meth. org. Verb., 2 B. 02; Theor.
Chem., 2 B. 03. — Darmstadt. Kiesstr. 118. VAVTHIER, Maur., Prof.,
Dr. phil., Völkerr. u. Verwaltungsr. — Univ. Brüssel. TAY T. VAJA.
Tiham^r Graf. — • 10. IX 1847 Deregnyö. — M. d. ung. Oberh.,
Gutsbes. u. Konsistoriair. d. ev.-ref. Kirche. — TelsöV^väsc. Siehe
Jahrg. II. VEEGENS, 9Ir. J. D., Niederl. Minist. f. Ackerbau, Industrie
u. Handel, Exz. — V: Dr. Daniel V., Griffier d. 2. Kammer, t 84. —
Promov. 69, dann Redakt. d. „Vaderland" bis XII. 72 ; n. d.
ehrenv.Entlassg. d. Vaters „Griffier" d. 2. Kammer; V. 88 f. Groningen
u. 97—01 für Hoogezand gewählt; 4. IX. 05 Minister. — Gehört zur
äußersten Linken in d. Liberal. Partei u. war einer d. ersten in
Holland, d. nach dem Vorbilde d. Katheder-Sozial. Deutschlands d.
sozial. Zustände einer Betrachtg. unterzog u. sich d. Arbeiterklasse
annahm. — Haag. VEEN^, Joseph M. van, Violinvirtuose, Haupt-
Lehrer am Kons. Klindworth-Scharwenka ; Violinist d. Holland. Trios.
— • 4. XI 1874 Rotterdam. — V: Fabr. -Bes. M. B. van V. — M; N. de
Groen. — Großv. väterl. S. hoU. Schriftst. — Kgl. Hochsch. f. Musik
Berlin. — Verh: 99 m. Gertrud Kaminski a. Gleiwitz, T. d. Fabrik.
Ludw. K. — K: Editha • 15. V 00, Yvonne Nanette * 1. X 05. — M. 8
Jahr. I. musik. Auftreten, m. 16 J. i. Gesch. d. Vat. tätig, 4J.8p. z.
Musik übergegangen, d. 3 J. stud. b. Prof. Wirth U.Joachim, Berlin.
— LB: Vielerlei Sport. — Sler: Ital. Geigen. — Bes. Interesse f. talent.
junge Geiger u. f. moderne Lyrik. — Nat.-Lib. — Mitgl. d. HoU. Klub
BerUn u. d. Tonkünstl. Bundes. — Berlin W., Luitpoldstr. 38. VEIT,
Johann, Dr. med., Arzt, o. Prof., G. Med.-R., Dir. d. k. Univ. -
Frauenklinik. — • 17. VII 1852 Berlin. — V: G. San.-R. Otto Siegfried
V., Berlin. — Vorf : Philipp V., Maler; Moritz V., Buchh. — Priv.-Doz.
Berlin, Prof. Leiden, Erlangen u. Halle. — W: Pathol. d.
Vaginalportion. Erosion u. beginn. Krebs (m. Karl Rüge) 78; Krebs d.
Gebärmutter (m. demselb.) 81; Eileiterschwangerschaft 84; Gynäkol.
Diagnostik 3. Aufl. 99, Handb. d. Gynaekol. 96 07. — LB:
Geburtshilfe. — HaUe a|S., Magdeburgers tr. 15. VEITU, Eduard,
Kunstmaler, K. K. österr. Prof. — * 30. III 1858 Neutitschein, Mähren
Ost. — V: JuUus V. — M: Susanne gb. Schleif. — Realsch. Neu
titschein ; dann Zimmermalerlehre; Kunstgewerbesch. Wien. —
Reisen: Paris, Italien, Belgien, Deutschland usw. Seine reichen
Landsleute bedachten ihn schon m. 20 J. m. Aufträgen, denen viele
andere folgten, u. d. ihn, da v. Hause nicht bemittelt, in d. Lage
versetzten, sich weiterzubilden. — W: Gemälde im dtsch. Theater,
Prag; Volksth. Wien, Theat. u. d. Linden BerUn; am Hotel Meißl u.
Schadow Wien; Palais Rothschild; David Ritt. v. Zutmann Bratmann;
Schloß d. Erzh. Eugen in Freudenthal; In Wiener und anderen
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Dresden 97 (s. hlerüb. Buch: Renaissance im mod. Kunstgew.; a
'■«*'• "Z, (*-ÖBi»«"
 1463 Wer ist's? Verri della Bosia 00 übersiedig. u.
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Echt. — 83 Gerichts43 Ref. u. 88 Assess. ; dann Beigeordneter Essen
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Adl.-O. IV.Kl. m. Kr.; Kronen-Ord. in. Kl.; Pr. L. D. IL Kl.; Pr. Z. M. —
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badisch. Kammer. — Demokr. — Konstanz. VENOSTA, Harcbese
Emilio Visconti, Vertreter Italiens auf d. Marokkokonferenz. — • 22.
I. 1829. — Seit 60 Mitgl. d. Kammer, 63 u. spät. wied. d. öfteren
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— • 22. IX 1852 Florenz. — Univ. Pisa. — 75 Dr. fls.-mat. Pisa u.
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d. Univ. — W : Teroia del meto della terra attorno al s. centro di
gravitä 79; Le doltrine positive nei dinamismi del cielo 97. — Univ.
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mod. Kunstgesch. — Univ. Rom, In d. Sapienza. VENTZHI, A.,
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58—61 Gen.-St.; 59 Ob.-Lt.; 61 Hptm.; 63—65 attag. d. Oberkmdo.
d. Russ. Armee in Polen; 66 Maj.; 68 Abt.Chef im Gen.-St.; 69
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Oberst; 72 Chef d. Gen.-St. I. A. K.; 76 Gen.-Maj.; 77 Kmdr. d. 62.
Inf.-Brig.; 79 Dir. d. Allg. Kriegs-Depart. i. Kriegsminist. ; 81 Gen.Lt.;
83 0fflz. v. d. Armee u. Kmdr. d. 1. Div.; 87 Gouv. V. Straßburg i. Eis.;
88 Gen. d. Inf.; 89 Staats- u. Kriegsminist, u. BevoUm.d.
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Div. i. Verb. d. Armeekorps 70, 98 — 99; D. Kav.-Div. im Armeeverb.
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89; Beitr. z. Kriegsspiel 81; Beitr. z. Kav.-Ubgsreisen 76;
Grenzdetachem. 83 — 85; Operrationspl. 99—1900; Strateg. 02, 03,
04, 05; Zug nach Bronzell. 05; Gesch. d. 14. Inf. -Rgts. 59;
Teilnahme d. II. Armee a. d. Feldz. v. 66, 66; Im Hauptquartier d. II.
(Schles.) Armee 66, 99; Im groß. Hauptquartier 70/71, 95; Alarich,
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Florentine Rudhart * 8. VII 32. — K: Johanna • 12. VII 57; Askania »
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 Vasel Wer ist's? 1462 Andrade Cuminha Ol; O Cancioneiro
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im Oberhause als entschied. Gegner d. kirchenpolit. Gesetzgebg auf.
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u. 97—01 für Hoogezand gewählt; 4. IX. 05 Minister. — Gehört zur
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Jahr. I. musik. Auftreten, m. 16 J. i. Gesch. d. Vat. tätig, 4J.sp. z.
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Landsleute bedachten ihn schon m. 20 J. m. Aufträgen, denen viele
andere folgten, u. d. ihn, da v. Hause nicht bemittelt, in d. Lage
versetzten, sich weiterzubilden. — W: Gemälde im dtsch. Theater,
Prag; Volksth. Wien, Theat. u. d. Linden Berlin; am Hotel Meißl u.
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Schloß d. Erzh. Eugen in Freudenthal; In Wiener und anderen
öffentl. Sammlg. privat, u. öffentl. Porträts u. Staffeleibilder in d.
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Architektur als Autodydakt. Erste Ausstellg. a. d. Internat. Ausstellg.
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75 Dr. fls.-mat. Pisa u. Mathem.-Prof. am Lyceum Como; 88 Univ. -
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