The State of Nonprofit America 2nd Edition

Lester M. Salamon pdf download

https://ebookname.com/product/the-state-of-nonprofit-america-2nd-
edition-lester-m-salamon/

Get the full ebook with Bonus Features for a Better Reading Experience on ebookname.com
Instant digital products (PDF, ePub, MOBI) available
Download now and explore formats that suit you...

Global Civil Society Dimensions of the Nonprofit Sector

1st Edition Lester M. Salamon

https://ebookname.com/product/global-civil-society-dimensions-of-
the-nonprofit-sector-1st-edition-lester-m-salamon/

America and the Americas The United States in the

Western Hemisphere 2nd Edition Lester D. Langley

https://ebookname.com/product/america-and-the-americas-the-
united-states-in-the-western-hemisphere-2nd-edition-lester-d-
langley/

Manual of Surgical Pathology 2nd Edition Susan C.

Lester (Auth.)

https://ebookname.com/product/manual-of-surgical-pathology-2nd-
edition-susan-c-lester-auth/

The Situated Organization Case Studies in the

Pragmatics of Communication Research 1st Edition James
R. Taylor

https://ebookname.com/product/the-situated-organization-case-
studies-in-the-pragmatics-of-communication-research-1st-edition-
james-r-taylor/
Ultra wideband Positioning Systems Theoretical Limits
Ranging Algorithms and Protocols Zafer Sahinoglu

https://ebookname.com/product/ultra-wideband-positioning-systems-
theoretical-limits-ranging-algorithms-and-protocols-zafer-
sahinoglu/

McDonald s Veterinary Endocrinology Reproduction 5th

Edition By M. H. Pineda

https://ebookname.com/product/mcdonald-s-veterinary-
endocrinology-reproduction-5th-edition-by-m-h-pineda/

An Insider s Guide to Soccer 1st Edition Jeremy

Cooperson

https://ebookname.com/product/an-insider-s-guide-to-soccer-1st-
edition-jeremy-cooperson/

Introducing Sartre 3rd Edition Philip Thody

https://ebookname.com/product/introducing-sartre-3rd-edition-
philip-thody/

The Oil Crisis 1st Edition Fiona Venn

https://ebookname.com/product/the-oil-crisis-1st-edition-fiona-
venn/
A Holy People Jewish and Christian Perspectives on
Religious Communal Identity Marcel Poorthuis

https://ebookname.com/product/a-holy-people-jewish-and-christian-
perspectives-on-religious-communal-identity-marcel-poorthuis/
 The State of
Nonprofit America

00-0330-3 fm.indd 1 5/7/12 10:10 AM

00-0330-3 fm.indd 2 5/7/12 10:10 AM
 The State of
Nonprofit America
2nd edition

Lester M. Salamon
Editor

Brookings Institution Press

Washington, D.C.

Published in collaboration with the Aspen Institute

00-0330-3 fm.indd 3 5/7/12 10:10 AM

 about brookings
The Brookings Institution is a private nonprofit organization devoted to research,
education, and publication on important issues of domestic and foreign policy. Its
principal purpose is to bring the highest quality independent research and analysis
to bear on current and emerging policy problems. Interpretations or conclusions in
Brookings publications should be understood to be solely those of the authors.
about aspen
Founded in 1950, the Aspen Institute is a global forum for leveraging the power of
leaders to improve the human condition. Through its seminar and policy programs,
the Institute fosters enlightened, morally responsible leadership and convenes leaders
and policymakers to address the foremost challenges of the new century.

Copyright © 2012
Lester M. Salamon

First edition 2002

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any
form or by any means without permission in writing from the Brookings Institution Press,
1775 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036 (www.brookings.edu).

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data

The state of nonprofit America / Lester M. Salamon, editor.—2nd ed.
   p. cm.
Includes index.
 Summary: “Examines the private nonprofit sector and the tax-exempt institutions
that make up this sector providing important services and benefits to all Americans, with
histories behind different institutions and the forces and developments that have buffeted
them and what they have done to retain their resilience”-—Provided by publisher.
ISBN 978-0-8157-0330-3 (pbk. : alk. paper)
1. Nonprofit organizations—United States. I. Salamon, Lester M.
HD62.6.S734 2012
338.7'4—dc23 2012011884
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Printed on acid-free paper

Typeset in Adobe Garamond

Composition by Cynthia Stock
Silver Spring, Maryland
Printed by R. R. Donnelley and Sons
Harrisonburg, Virginia

00-0330-3 fm.indd 4 5/7/12 10:10 AM

 This book is dedicated to the memory of
Peter Goldberg
visionary nonprofit leader, effective manager, and trusted friend,
whose life-work perfectly embodied the values
that make nonprofit America so special.

00-0330-3 fm.indd 5 5/7/12 10:10 AM

00-0330-3 fm.indd 6 5/7/12 10:10 AM
 Contents

Preface ix

Part I: Overview
1 The Resilient Sector: The Future of Nonprofit America 3
Lester M. Salamon

Part II: Major Fields

2 Health Care 89
Bradford H. Gray and Mark Schlesinger
3 Education and Training 137
Donald M. Stewart, Pearl Rock Kane, and Lisa Scruggs
4 Social Services 192
Steven Rathgeb Smith
5 Arts and Culture 229
Stefan Toepler and Margaret J. Wyszomirski
6 Housing and Community Development 266
Avis C. Vidal
7 Environmental Organizations 294
Carmen Sirianni and Stephanie Sofer
vii

00-0330-3 fm.indd 7 5/7/12 10:10 AM

 viii   Contents

8 International Assistance 329

Abby Stoddard
9 Religious Congregations 362
Mark Chaves
10 Civic Participation and Advocacy 394
Elizabeth T. Boris with Matthew Maronick
11 Infrastructure Organizations 423
Alan J. Abramson and Rachel McCarthy
12 Foundations and Corporate Philanthropy 459
Leslie Lenkowsky
13 Individual Giving and Volunteering 495
Eleanor Brown and David Martin

Part III: Major Challenges

14 Commercialization, Social Ventures,
and For-Profit Competition 521
Dennis R. Young, Lester M. Salamon, and Mary Clark Grinsfelder
15 Devolution, Marketization, and the Changing Shape
of Government-Nonprofit Relations 549
Kirsten A. Grønbjerg and Lester M. Salamon
16 Accountability in the Nonprofit Sector 587
Kevin P. Kearns
17 Demographic and Technological Imperatives 616
Atul Dighe
18 Nonprofit Workforce Dynamics 639
Marla Cornelius and Patrick Corvington
19 For Whom and for What? Investigating the Role
of Nonprofits as Providers to the Neediest 657
Pascale Joassart-Marcelli

Contributors 683
Index 685

00-0330-3 fm.indd 8 5/7/12 10:10 AM

 Preface

T he literature on America’s nonprofit sector has burgeoned in recent years.

Long an obscure academic backwater inhabited by a small band of dedi-
cated mavericks, the field of nonprofit studies has swelled into a mighty stream
fed by growing doubts about the capabilities of government, political and ideo-
logical resistance to expanded public spending, and concerns about America’s
civic health.
While this increased attention has substantially expanded the base of infor-
mation available about America’s nonprofit organizations, it has not yet gener-
ated the clear understanding that is needed of the sector’s changing position and
role. For one thing, nonprofit organizations continue to be caught up in the
long-standing political conflict over the relative roles of the state and the market
in responding to public problems, creating a heavy ideological overlay that dis-
torts our view and systematically blocks out uncomfortable facts. Beyond this,
the sheer outpouring of information creates its own confusion. Once starved for
information, nonprofit practitioners are now deluged by it. Fitting the bits and
pieces together into an integrated understanding thus becomes a full-time occu-
pation, something that few harried practitioners or volunteer board members
have the luxury to pursue.
The project of which this volume is the second installment was conceived as
a response to this dilemma. It seeks to provide a comprehensive, but readable,
assessment of the state of America’s nonprofit sector at what turns out to be a
ix

00-0330-3 fm.indd 9 5/7/12 10:10 AM

 x   Preface

pivotal moment in its development. More than a compilation of facts and fig-
ures, the book seeks to interpret what is going on and make it understandable to
the broad cross-section of informed opinion on which the future of this sector
ultimately rests.
To be sure, this is no mean undertaking, which may explain why it has never
been undertaken before. Nonprofit organizations are almost infinitely varied.
They come in different sizes, operate in widely different fields, perform differ-
ent functions, and support themselves in varied ways. What is more, all of these
features are in flux. Like the elephant in the ancient tale, this beast thus appears
different depending not only on who touches it and where, but also when.
To assist me in this mission impossible, I was fortunate enough to forge
a partnership with the Aspen Institute’s Nonprofit Sector and Philanthropy
Program and to recruit an extraordinary group of colleagues who have worked
with me over the past two-and-a-half years to produce an updated portrait of
America’s nonprofit sector and its component parts that is factually grounded
and sensitive to the sector’s diversity while still reaching for the broad interpre-
tive judgments that are needed to make sense of the swirling cross-currents of
daily events.
When this project began, the American stock market was at historic highs,
the central political question was what to do with a burgeoning federal surplus,
dot-com entrepreneurs were transforming philanthropy with the windfall profits
of their ingenuity, and America was bursting with a confidence born of appar-
ent omnipotence. This second edition of our pioneering book appears, however,
in the wake not only of September 11, the resulting wars in Iraq and Afghani-
stan, and the loss of American innocence, but also of the precipitous bursting
first of the dot.com bubble and then of the housing bubble, followed by the
disastrous financial crash of 2008–09 and the lingering economic decline it has
brought with it. Inevitably, these developments hold immense implications for
the nation’s nonprofit institutions, but implications that are still too rarely con-
sidered in the fractious policy debates that these developments have triggered.
While we have attempted to accommodate many of these developments,
inevitably it has not been possible to make this account as current as yester-
day’s newspaper. Far from diminishing the value of this book, however, these
shifts make it clear why the kind of interpretive perspective we have sought to
produce is so useful. Readers can judge for themselves whether the trends and
developments we have highlighted are the ones that will prevail in the years
immediately ahead, but we are convinced that the central themes we have iden-
tified will meet the test of time and prove every bit as germane today as they
were when the project was originally conceived. Those themes emphasize the
enormous resilience that the American nonprofit sector has displayed over the
past several decades, the significant process of re-engineering that the sector

00-0330-3 fm.indd 10 5/7/12 10:10 AM

 Preface   xi

has undergone as a consequence, the vast opportunities that this process has
opened, but also the enormous risks that the sector now faces as it struggles to
adjust to potentially radical shifts in government funding and support. Not only
are these trends important for the future of the nonprofit sector, they also hold
enormous implications for the society of which these institutions are an increas-
ingly ­pivotal part.
In addition to the colleagues who contributed chapters to this volume and
who put up with the extensive consultations required to fashion it into an inte-
grated book, I want to express my appreciation as well to Eric Boehm of the
Aspen Institute’s Philanthropy and Social Innovation Program, who handled a
variety of administrative tasks associated with this project; to Janet Walker of
the Brookings Institution Press, who patiently oversaw the editing of the manu-
script and production of the finished product; and to the Carnegie Corpora-
tion of New York, the Nathan Cummings Foundation, The John D. and Cath-
erine T. MacArthur Foundation, the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, the
David and Lucille Packard Foundation, and the Rockefeller Brothers Fund for
the financial support that made both the initial volume of this project and this
second edition possible. I also want to express my gratitude to the numerous
students of the nonprofit sector whose reliance on this book have more than ful-
filled our expectations about its usefulness. Needless to say, however, the opin-
ions and interpretations offered here are those of the authors and editor only,
and may not represent the views of any of the organizations with which we may
be affiliated or that have supported or published the work.
Finally, this book is dedicated to the memory of Peter Goldberg, a colleague
and friend whose passion for the nonprofit sector knew no bounds, and whose
creativity and energy in support of it were an inspiration to us all. Peter was
always one step ahead of the rest of us in conceiving imaginative ways to address
the nonprofit sector’s challenges. In this he embodied the spirit and resilience
that underlies the nonprofit sector and that makes it so crucial a part of Ameri-
can life to understand and preserve.

Lester M. Salamon
Annapolis, Maryland
April 15, 2012

00-0330-3 fm.indd 11 5/7/12 10:10 AM

00-0330-3 fm.indd 12 5/7/12 10:10 AM
 part

Overview
I

01-0330-3 ch1.indd 1 5/7/12 10:10 AM

01-0330-3 ch1.indd 2 5/7/12 10:10 AM
 1
The Resilient Sector:
The Future of Nonprofit America
lester m. salamon

A struggle is under way at the present time for the “soul” of America’s non-
profit sector, that vast collection of private, tax-exempt hospitals, higher-
education institutions, day care centers, nursing homes, symphonies, social
service agencies, environmental organizations, civil rights organizations, and
dozens of others that make up this important, but poorly understood, compo-
nent of American life.
This is not a wholly new struggle, to be sure. From earliest times nonprofits
have been what sociologists refer to as “dual identity,” or even “conflicting mul-
tiple identity,” organizations.1 They are not-for-profit organizations required to
operate in a profit-oriented market economy. They draw heavily on voluntary
contributions of time and money yet are expected to meet professional stan-
dards of performance and efficiency. They are part of the private sector yet serve
important public purposes.
In recent years, however, these identities have grown increasingly varied and
increasingly difficult to bridge, both in the public’s mind and in the day-to-day
operations of individual organizations. In a sense, America’s nonprofit organi-
zations seem caught in a force field, buffeted by a variety of impulses, four of
which seem especially significant. For the sake of simplicity I label these volun-
tarism, professionalism, civic activism, and commercialism, as shown in figure
1-1, though in practice each is a more complex bundle of pressures.

01-0330-3 ch1.indd 3 5/7/12 10:10 AM

 4   The State of Nonprofit America

Figure 1-1. Four Impulses Shaping the Future of Nonprofit America

Voluntarism Professionalism

Nonprofit
America

Civic Activism Commercialism

What makes these four impulses especially important is that their relative
influence can profoundly affect the role that nonprofit organizations play and
the way in which they operate. Understanding this force field and the factors
shaping its dynamics thus becomes central to understanding the future both of
particular organizations and of the nonprofit sector as a whole.
Sadly, far too little attention has been paid to the significant tensions among
these impulses. The nonprofit sector has long been the hidden subcontinent on
the social landscape of American life, regularly revered but rarely seriously scru-
tinized or understood. In part, this lack of scrutiny is due to the ideological
prism through which these organizations are too often viewed. Indeed, a lively
ideological contest has long raged over the extent to which we can rely on non-
profit institutions to handle critical public needs, with conservatives focusing
laserlike on the sector’s strengths in order to fend off calls for greater reliance
on government, and liberals often restricting their attention to its limitations to
justify calls for expanded governmental protections.
Through it all, though largely unheralded—and perhaps unrecognized by
either side—a classically American compromise has taken shape. This compro-
mise was forged early in the nation’s history, but it was broadened and solidified
in the 1960s. Under it, nonprofit organizations in an ever-widening range of
fields were made the beneficiaries of government support to provide a grow-
ing array of services—from health care to scientific research—that Americans
wanted but were reluctant to have government provide directly.2 More, perhaps,

01-0330-3 ch1.indd 4 5/7/12 10:10 AM

 The Resilient Sector: The Future of Nonprofit America / Salamon   5

than any other single factor, this government-nonprofit partnership is respon-

sible for the growth of the nonprofit sector as we know it today.
Since about 1980, however, that compromise has come under considerable
assault. Conservative critics, concerned about what they see as an unholy alli-
ance between the once-independent nonprofit sector and the state, have called
for a return to the sector’s supposed purely voluntary roots.3 Liberal critics have
bewailed the sector’s departure from a more socially activist past and its sur-
render to professionalism.4 At the same time, the country’s nonprofit manag-
ers, facing an extraordinary range of other challenges as well—significant demo-
graphic shifts, fundamental changes in public policy and public attitudes, new
accountability demands, massive technological developments, and changes in
lifestyle, to cite just a few—have been left to their own devices and have turned
increasingly to the market to survive. Through it all, nonprofit America has
responded with considerable creativity to its many challenges, but the responses
have pulled it in directions that are, at best, not well understood and, at worst,
corrosive of the sector’s special character and role.
Despite the significance of these developments, little headway has been made
in tracking them systematically, in assessing the impact they are having both
generally and for particular types of organizations, and in effectively getting
the results into the hands of nonprofit managers, policymakers, the press, and
the public at large. This book seeks to fill this gap: to offer an overview of the
state of America’s nonprofit sector, to examine the forces that are shaping its
future, and to identify the changes that might be needed to promote its long-
term health. The result is a comprehensive analysis of a set of institutions that
we have long taken for granted but that the Frenchman Alexis de Tocqueville
recognized over 175 years ago to be “more deserving of our attention” than any
other part of the American experiment.5
The purpose of this chapter is to set the stage for the detailed examination
of key components of the nonprofit sector that follows. To do so, the chapter
first introduces this set of institutions and explains the stake the nation has in its
operations. I then look in a bit more detail at the four impulses identified earlier
that are shaping this sector at the present time and the implications they have
for a number of the key facets of nonprofit operations. Against this backdrop,
the chapter then examines the challenges and opportunities that constitute the
drivers behind these impulses, the responses nonprofits have generally made to
them, and the risks that have arisen as a consequence. A final section then offers
some suggestions for steps that would help ensure that a vibrant nonprofit sec-
tor, performing the functions for which the country has long relied upon it,
survives into the future.
Perhaps the central theme that emerges from this account is one of resilience.
The overwhelming impression that emerges from this book’s chapters is that of

01-0330-3 ch1.indd 5 5/7/12 10:10 AM

 6   The State of Nonprofit America

a set of institutions and traditions facing not only enormous challenges but also
important opportunities, and finding ways to respond to both with considerable
creativity and resolve. Indeed, nonprofit America appears to be well along in
a fundamental process of reengineering that calls to mind the similar transfor-
mation that large segments of America’s business sector have been undergoing
since the late 1980s.6 Faced with an increasingly competitive environment, non-
profit organizations have been called on to make fundamental changes in the
way they operate. And that is just what they have been doing.
The problem, however, is that, although the sector’s organizations have been
responding resiliently, those responses are taking a toll on their ability to per-
form some of their most important functions. In a sense, nonprofits have been
forced to choose between two competing imperatives: a survival imperative and
a distinctiveness imperative, between the things they need to do to survive in an
increasingly demanding market environment and the things they need to do to
retain their distinctiveness and basic character.7 How the country’s nonprofit
organizations balance these demands, and how much understanding and help
they receive from the broader society in doing so, will shape the condition in
which the country’s nonprofit institutions survive into the future.
But first we need to clarify what the nonprofit sector is and what makes it so
deserving of our attention.

What Is the Nonprofit Sector and Why Do We Need It?

The nonprofit sector is one of the most important components of American
life, but it is also one of the least understood. Few people are even aware of
this sector’s existence, though most have some contact with it at some point in
their lives. Included within this sector are most of the nation’s premier hospi-
tals and universities; almost all of its orchestras and opera companies; a signifi-
cant share of its theater companies; all of its religious congregations; the bulk of
its environmental advocacy and civil rights organizations; huge numbers of its
family service, children’s service, neighborhood development, antipoverty, and
community health agencies; not to mention its professional associations, labor
unions, and social clubs. Also included are the numerous support organizations,
such as foundations and community chests, which help to generate financial
assistance for these organizations and to encourage the traditions of giving, vol-
unteering, and service that undergird them.
More formally, the nonprofit sector consists of a broad range of private orga-
nizations that are generally exempted from federal, as well as state and local,
taxation on the grounds that they serve some public purpose.8 The term non-
profit, which is commonly used to depict these organizations and which will
be used here, is actually a misnomer: these organizations are permitted to earn

01-0330-3 ch1.indd 6 5/7/12 10:10 AM

 The Resilient Sector: The Future of Nonprofit America / Salamon   7

profits—that is, end up with an excess of income over expenditures in a given

year; what is prohibited is the distribution of any such profit to organizational
directors or managers. Technically, then, we might more accurately refer to
these organizations as non-profit-distributing organizations.
Within this complex array of organizations are two broad types: first, mem-
ber-serving organizations, such as labor unions, business associations, social clubs,
and fraternal societies; and second, public-serving organizations, such as hospi-
tals, universities, social service agencies, and cultural venues. For the purpose of
this volume, we focus exclusively on the second type, the public-serving organi-
zations, which make up by far the largest, and most visible, component of the
tax-exempt-organization sector. Also known as charitable organizations, most of
these organizations earn their exemption from federal income taxation under
section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, which is reserved for organiza-
tions that operate “exclusively for religious, charitable, scientific, or educational
purposes.” Alone among tax-exempt organizations, the 501(c)(3) organizations
are eligible to receive tax-deductible donations from individuals and businesses,
that is, gifts that the individuals and businesses can deduct from their income
when computing their income taxes. This reflects the fact that the recipient
organizations are expected to serve broad public purposes, not just the inter-
ests and needs of the organizations’ members. The public-serving component of
the nonprofit sector also includes another set of organizations, however, which
are eligible for tax exemption under section 501(c)(4) of the Internal Revenue
Code, which is reserved for so-called social welfare organizations. The major
difference between 501(c)(4) and 501(c)(3) organizations is that the former are
permitted to engage in lobbying without limit, whereas the latter have limits
on the extent of their lobbying activity. Because of this, however, contributions
made to 501(c)(4) organizations are not tax deductible.9

Size of the Sector

No one knows for sure how many tax-exempt nonprofit organizations exist in
the United States, since large portions of the sector are essentially unincorpo-
rated and the data available on even the formal organizations are notoriously
imperfect.10 A conservative estimate would put the number of formally con-
stituted tax-exempt organizations, as of the late 2000s, at nearly 2 million, of
which 1.6 million are in the public-serving component of the sector.11
Within this public-serving portion of the entire tax-exempt universe, more-
over, are four subgroups of organizations:
—About 1 million service and expressive organizations, ranging from hospi-
tals to advocacy organizations and cultural institutions;
—A little over 100,000 501(c)(4) social welfare and lobbying organizations;

01-0330-3 ch1.indd 7 5/7/12 10:10 AM

 8   The State of Nonprofit America

Figure 1-2. Employment, Nonprofit Sector and Selected Industries, 2006

Nonprofit sector 13.5 4.5 18

Retail trade 15.4

Manufacturing 14.1

Construction 7.6

Finance and insurance 6.0

Transportation and warehousing 4.2

Agriculture 1.2
Paid
Utilities 0.5 Volunteers

Millions of full-time equivalent workers

Source: Lester M. Salamon, America’s Nonprofit Sector: A Primer, 3rd ed. (New York: Foundation
Center, 2012).

—Approximately 114,000 foundations, federated funders, and other “sup-

port organizations”; and
—Over 400,000 religious congregations.
As of 2007 these public-serving nonprofit organizations employed close
to 13.5 million paid workers. This represents 10 percent of the entire U.S.
labor force and makes the nonprofit paid workforce the third largest of any
U.S. industry, behind only retail trade and manufacturing, but ahead of such
industries as construction, finance and insurance, and transportation (figure
1-2). With volunteers included, and their volunteer time translated into the
equivalent number of full-time workers, the workforce of nonprofit, public
benefit organizations swells by another 4.5 million full-time-equivalent work-
ers, making it the largest workforce of any U.S. industry—larger than construc-
tion, larger than finance and insurance, even larger than retail trade and all the
branches of manufacturing combined, as figure 1-2 also shows.
Employment provides just one measure of the scale of America’s public-
serving nonprofit organizations. Also impressive are the financial resources that
these organizations command. As of 2007 the revenue of public benefit, non-
profit organizations stood at slightly over $1.7 trillion. Most (76 percent) of this
revenue, a sizable $1.3 trillion, accrued to the service and expressive organiza-
tions, which form the economic core of the sector. The balance went to the

01-0330-3 ch1.indd 8 5/7/12 10:10 AM

 The Resilient Sector: The Future of Nonprofit America / Salamon   9

Figure 1-3. Share of Organizations and Share of Revenue, Nonprofit Service

and Expressive Organizations, by Field, 2007
Percent
4% Civic, other
9%
Health
11% Education, research
80 Culture, recreation
Social services
18%
58%
60

22%

40

21%
20 40%
3%

14%

Organizations Revenue
reporting to the IRS n = $1.3 trillion
n = 252,239

Source: Lester M. Salamon, America’s Nonprofit Sector: A Primer, 3rd ed. (New York: Foundation
Center, 2012).

funding intermediaries ($211 billion), religious congregations ($119 billion),

and 501(c)(4) social welfare agencies ($85 billion).
Among the service and expressive organizations, most of the revenue flows
to health-related organizations. With 11 percent of the organizations, this field
captured 58 percent of all nonprofit service and expressive organization reve-
nue in 2007, as shown in figure 1-3.12 Education and research organizations
make up the second-largest component in terms of revenue, with 21 percent of
the total. By contrast, social service providers, although the most numerous of
the service and expressive organizations, making up 40 percent of the reporting
organizations, accounted for a considerably smaller 14 percent of the revenue
(though this was still a substantial $182 billion).
These large categories disguise the huge array of separate services and activi-
ties in which nonprofit organizations are involved, however. A classification

01-0330-3 ch1.indd 9 5/7/12 10:10 AM

 10   The State of Nonprofit America

system developed by the National Center for Charitable Statistics, for exam-
ple, identifies twenty-six major fields of nonprofit activity, and sixteen func-
tions, from accreditation to fundraising, in each. Each major field is then
further divided into subfields. Thus, for example, the field of arts, culture,
and humanities has fifty-six subfields, and the field of education, forty-one.
Altogether, this translates into close to a thousand different types of nonprofit
organizations.13
Even this fails to do justice to the considerable diversity of the nonprofit sec-
tor. Although most of the employment and economic resources of this sector
are concentrated in the sector’s large organizations, most of the organizations
are quite small, with few or no full-time employees. For example, of the more
than 1.2 million organizations recorded on the Internal Revenue Service’s list
of formally registered 501(c)(3) and 501(c)(4) organizations (exclusive of reli-
gious congregations, which are not required to register), only about a quarter,
or 332,000, filed the information form (form 990) required of all organizations
with expenditures of $25,000 or more. The remaining three-fourths of the orga-
nizations are thus either inactive or below the $25,000 spending threshold for
filing.14 Even among the filers, close to 45 percent, nearly half, reported less
than $100,000 in expenditures, and 75 percent reported less than $500,000.
Taken together, these small organizations accounted for a mere 2.6 percent of
the sector’s total expenditures. By contrast, only about 4 percent of the orga-
nizations fell into the largest category ($10 million or more in expenditures),
but these organizations accounted for nearly 83 percent of the sector’s reported
expenditures.15 The overwhelming majority of the sector’s organizations there-
fore account for only a tiny fraction of the sector’s activity.

Revenue Sources
While most of its organizations are small, America’s nonprofit sector is still a
major economic presence, with over $1.3 trillion in revenues just in its core
service and expressive organizations. Where does this revenue come from?
According to popular mythology, the sector is mostly supported by private phi-
lanthropy. In reality, however, the revenue structure of the nonprofit sector dif-
fers strikingly from this popular conception. In particular, the major sources of
revenue of nonprofit service and expressive organizations are fees and charges
paid by their clients or customers (figure 1-4). This source alone accounted for
52 percent of nonprofit service and expressive organization revenue as of 2007.
Nor was philanthropy the second major source of revenue. Rather, that position
was filled by government, which accounted for another 38 percent of overall
service and expressive organization revenue.16 Philanthropy from all sources—
individuals, foundations, and corporations—came in third among nonprofit
revenue sources, accounting for only 10 percent of the total.

01-0330-3 ch1.indd 10 5/7/12 10:10 AM

 The Resilient Sector: The Future of Nonprofit America / Salamon   11

Figure 1-4. Revenue Sources, Nonprofit Service and Expressive Organizations, 2007

Total revenue: $1.323 trillion

Philanthropy
10%

Fees
52%
Government
38%

Source: Lester M. Salamon, America’s Nonprofit Sector: A Primer, 3rd ed. (New York: Foundation
Center, 2012), chap. 3, n. 18.

To be sure, philanthropy plays a more substantial role in some parts of the

sector than in others. In particular, it is far more important in the expressive
fields (arts and recreation) and civic affairs, where it accounts for 37 and 54 per-
cent of the revenue, respectively. Even in the field of social services, long consid-
ered a major destination of charitable support, philanthropy’s lead revenue role
has been eclipsed by fees and government support.

Functions
Quite apart from their economic importance, nonprofit organizations per-
form major functions in national and community life, functions that define the
stakes that the nation has in these institutions. Five such functions in particular
deserve mention.17

the service function. In the first place, nonprofit organizations are ser-
vice providers: they deliver much of the hospital care, higher education, social
services, cultural entertainment, employment and training, low-income hous-
ing, community development, and emergency aid available in this country.
More concretely, these organizations constitute:

01-0330-3 ch1.indd 11 5/7/12 10:10 AM

 12   The State of Nonprofit America

—Half of the nation’s hospitals

—Nearly a third of its private clinics and home health facilities
—Nearly one out of five of its nursing homes
—Close to 40 percent of its higher education institutions
—Seventy percent of its individual and family service agencies
—Nearly 80 percent of its vocational rehabilitation facilities
—Thirty percent of its day care centers
—Over 90 percent of its orchestras and operas
—The delivery vehicles for a major share of its foreign disaster assistance.
While disagreements exist over how “distinctive” nonprofit services are
compared to those provided by businesses or governments, nonprofits are well
known for identifying and addressing unmet needs, for innovating, and for
delivering services of exceptionally high quality. It was thus nonprofit organiza-
tions that pioneered assistance to AIDS victims, hospice care, emergency shelter
for the homeless, food pantries for the hungry, drug abuse treatment efforts,
and dozens more too numerous to mention. Similarly, many of the premier
educational and cultural institutions in the nation are private, nonprofit orga-
nizations—institutions such as Harvard, Princeton, Johns Hopkins, the Met-
ropolitan Museum of Art, and the Cleveland Orchestra, to name just a few.
To be sure, public and for-profit organizations also provide crucial services, but
the country’s thousands of private, nonprofit groups add an extra dimension in
meeting public needs, often responding to needs that neither the market nor the
government is adequately addressing.

the advocacy function. In addition to delivering services, nonprofit

organizations also contribute to national life by identifying unaddressed prob-
lems and bringing them to public attention, by protecting basic human rights,
and by giving voice to a wide assortment of social, political, environmental,
ethnic, and community interests and concerns. Most of the social movements
that have animated American life over the past century or more operated in and
through the nonprofit sector. Included here are the antislavery, women’s suf-
frage, populist, progressive, civil rights, environmental, antiwar, women’s, gay
rights, and conservative movements. The nonprofit sector thus operates as a
critical social safety valve, permitting aggrieved groups to bring their concerns
to broader public attention and to rally support to improve their circumstances.
This advocacy function may, in fact, be as important to the nation’s social
health as the service functions the sector also performs.

the expressive function. Political and policy concerns are not the only
ones to which the nonprofit sector gives expression. Rather, an enormous variety
of other concerns—artistic, religious, cultural, ethnic, social, recreational—also

01-0330-3 ch1.indd 12 5/7/12 10:10 AM

 The Resilient Sector: The Future of Nonprofit America / Salamon   13

find expression through this sector. Opera companies, symphonies, soccer clubs,
churches, synagogues, fraternal societies, book clubs, and Girl Scouts are just
some of the manifestations of this expressive function. Through them nonprofit
organizations enrich human existence and contribute to the social and cultural
vitality of American life.

the community-building function. Nonprofit organizations are

also important in building what scholars call “social capital,” those bonds of
trust and reciprocity that seem to be prerequisites for a democratic polity and
a market economy to function effectively.18 Alexis de Tocqueville understood
this point well nearly two hundred years ago when he noted in Democracy in
America that: “Feelings and opinions are recruited, the heart is enlarged, and
the human mind is developed, only by the reciprocal influence of men upon
one another. . . . These influences are almost null in democratic countries;
they must therefore be artificially created and this can only be accomplished
by associations.”19 By establishing connections among individuals, involvement
in associations teaches norms of cooperation that carry over into political and
economic life.

the value guardian function. 20 Finally, nonprofit organizations

embody, and therefore help to nurture and sustain, a crucial national value
emphasizing individual initiative in the public good. They thus give insti-
tutional expression to two seemingly contradictory principles, both impor-
tant parts of American national character: the principle of individualism, the
notion that people should have the freedom to take the initiative on matters
that concern them; and the principle of solidarity, the notion that people have
responsibilities not only to themselves, but also to their fellow human beings
and to the communities of which they are part. By fusing these two princi-
ples, nonprofit organizations reinforce both, establishing an arena of action
through which individuals can take the initiative not simply to promote their
own well-being but also to advance the well-being of others. This is not simply
an abstract function, moreover. It takes tangible form in the billions of dollars
in private charitable gifts that nonprofit organizations help to generate from
the American public annually and in the 15.8 billion hours of volunteer time
they stimulate.

The Four Impulses

While these key functions and roles continue to characterize the nonprofit sec-
tor, powerful forces are at work challenging and reshaping a number of them.
Indeed, as noted earlier, the nonprofit sector appears caught in a difficult force

01-0330-3 ch1.indd 13 5/7/12 10:10 AM

 14   The State of Nonprofit America

field controlled by four partially conflicting impulses– voluntarism, profes-

sionalism, civic activism, and commercialism—that are pulling it in somewhat
different directions. These impulses have implications, moreover, for a broad
swath of nonprofit features, from the roles that nonprofits play and the strategies
they use to their style of operation, their principal reference groups, their organi-
zational structure, their management style, and their resource base. The power of
these impulses is hardly identical in all fields, or in all organizations even within
fields, but there is enough commonality to the impulses to warrant a general
characterization of their major features as a prelude to examining the drivers
that are supporting or retarding each.

Voluntarism
Perhaps the most fundamental of these impulses, and the one that has fixed
itself most securely onto popular conceptions of the nonprofit sector, is the vol-
untaristic impulse. This impulse carries much of the distinctive value claim of
the nonprofit sector—its function as the vehicle through which individuals give
expression to a wide assortment of social, cultural, religious, and other values
and exercise individual initiative for the common good. But in recent years the
voluntaristic impulse has come to be associated with a more stridently ideologi-
cal conception of this sector. Indeed, as historian Waldemar Nielsen has shown,
a “simplistic folklore” has attached itself to the American belief system with
regard to this impulse. According to this folklore, the sectors of American soci-
ety, including particularly the nonprofit sector, “are neatly separated and exist
in a static, ideologically partitioned relationship to each other, always have been,
and ideally always should be.” 21 This has given rise, particularly in conservative
circles, to an ideal image of a nonprofit sector that eschews involvement with
government, is mostly staffed by selfless volunteers, many of them religiously
inspired, and wholly, or nearly wholly, supported by charitable giving.22
Whether in its more ideological or its more balanced forms, this volunta-
ristic impulse continues to exert a strong gravitational pull on public percep-
tions of the nonprofit sector, if less so on the actual operations of the sector’s
organizations. More specifically, as summarized in table 1-1, the voluntaristic
impulse has come to be associated with a nonprofit sector whose primary role
is to express and inculcate values. While a wide assortment of values can find
resonance with this impulse, in recent years an especially strong current has
arisen from the religious right and has found expression in the faith-based char-
ity movement. Adherents to this perspective tend to attribute a wide range of
human problems to the absence or underdevelopment of appropriate normative
values. The strategies of intervention associated with this impulse therefore often
emphasize values counseling and self-help, coupled with temporary material
assistance until the needed value messages are internalized and absorbed.

01-0330-3 ch1.indd 14 5/7/12 10:10 AM

 The Resilient Sector: The Future of Nonprofit America / Salamon   15

Table 1-1. Implications of Four Impulses for Nonprofit Operations

Feature Voluntarism Professionalism Civic activism Commercialism
Role/ Overcome value Overcome Change struc- Use market means
objectives deficits physical, tures of power for social ends
Transform educational, or Change basic Efficiently address
individuals psychological policies social needs
Relieve suffering deficits
Offer treatment
Strategy Inculcate values Medical model Asset model Promote social
Counseling, Deliver services Advocacy entrepreneurs
personal Establish services strategy Locate market
renewal as rights Organize citi- niches
Self-help zens/build Pursue self-
Temporary leadership sustaining
material Access media/ income
assistance elites Measure results
Style Pastoral Programmatic Participatory Entrepreneurial
Normative Technocratic Confrontational Efficiency oriented
Paternalistic Therapeutic Critical Profit focused
Particularitistic Universalistic Measurement
Holistic Secular driven
Principal Donors/volun- Staff Citizens Corporate donors
reference teers Profession Community Customers
group Members Clients assets Entrepreneurs

Organizational Fluid Hierarchic Modular Product focused

structure Ad hoc Segmented Federated Networked
Alliances Flexible

Management Informal Bureaucratic Consensual Responsive

style Volunteer Formal Collaborative Bottom-line
dominant Rule bound Participatory focused
Spiritual Disciplined
Resource base Voluntarism Government Philanthropy Venture philan-
Individual Fees Voluntarism thropy
philanthropy Institutional Government Sales
philanthropy Vouchers

The style of intervention emphasized in the voluntaristic impulse therefore

tends to be pastoral, normative, nonprofessional, holistic, and at times pater-
nalistic. The stakeholders or reference groups most closely associated with this
impulse are often individual donors and volunteers, who serve as role models
for the disadvantaged and whose religious faith and values of hard work and

01-0330-3 ch1.indd 15 5/7/12 10:10 AM

 16   The State of Nonprofit America

personal responsibility are to be transmitted to those lacking them. The organi-

zational structures associated with the voluntaristic impulse tend to be fluid and
ad hoc, and the management style flexible and informal, as befits a volunteer-
based staffing pattern. Finally, the resource needs of organizations imbued with
the voluntaristic impulse are different in both scale and kind from those of other
types of organizations, relying much more heavily on volunteers and charitable
contributions rather than fees or government support.23

Professionalism
While the folklore of voluntarism remains dominant in much of the belief
system surrounding the American nonprofit sector, a second impulse has pro-
foundly shaped the reality of nonprofit operations. This is the impulse of profes-
sionalism. By professionalism, I mean the emphasis on specialized, subject-­matter
knowledge gained through formal training and delivered by paid experts.24
Professionalism has had a profound effect on the nonprofit sector, strength-
ening its capacities in important respects but at least partially displacing the
sector’s voluntaristic character.25 While many of these effects have been attrib-
uted to the sector’s involvement with government, in truth professionalism
has probably had as much impact on government as government has had on
professionalism since a push by professionals to establish government licens-
ing or program-staffing requirements is one of the crucial steps in establishing
a profession.26 At the least, the rise of professionalism within the nonprofit sec-
tor clearly predated the expansion of government involvement in the fields in
which nonprofits are active. The transformation of private hospitals from small
community institutions addressing the primary-care needs of communities into
large bureaucratic institutions dominated by professionally trained doctors took
place between 1885 and 1915, decades before Medicare and Medicaid had even
been contemplated.27 So, too, the professionalization of social work and the rise
of “case work” rather than community organizing and social reform as the pri-
mary social-work mode of intervention was well along by the turn of the twen-
tieth century and firmly in place by 1920.28 What is more, the engine for this
change was private philanthropy (in the form of local community chests) rather
than government, as the scientific charity movement sought to replace what was
widely perceived to be the inadequacies of well-meaning volunteers with the
“trained intelligence” of professionals.29
While government did not introduce the professional impulse into the non-
profit sector, it has certainly helped to nurture and sustain it, both by providing
professions with a mechanism through which to enforce professional standards in
government-funded programs and by providing the funds needed to hire profes-
sional staff. In the process, it has helped push nonprofit organizations in directions
quite different from those imparted by the voluntaristic impulse. While it shares

01-0330-3 ch1.indd 16 5/7/12 10:10 AM

 The Resilient Sector: The Future of Nonprofit America / Salamon   17

with voluntarism a deficit model emphasizing individual shortcomings as the cause

of human problems, professionalism emphasizes not normative shortcomings but
social, educational, physical, and psychological ones. The role of the nonprofit sec-
tor in this view is thus to offer professional services to disadvantaged clients (see
table 1-1). “Not alms but a friend,” the long-standing slogan of the voluntaristic
Boston Associated Charities, thus came to be replaced in professional social-worker
circles by the mantra, “Neither alms nor a friend, but a professional service.”30
Professionalism’s strategy thus relies on a medical model, treating beneficia-
ries essentially as “patients” needing some form of “treatment,” whether physi-
cal, or educational, or psychological. Unlike the pastoral and holistic operating
style characteristic of the voluntaristic impulse, the professional style is thus
therapeutic, technocratic, segmented, and secular. The principal reference group
for the professional impulse is not donors or beneficiaries but professional staff
and the profession itself. Consistent with these features, professionalism creates
organizational structures that are hierarchic and segmented; uses a management
style that tends toward the bureaucratic, formal, and rule-bound; and requires
the more ample and reliable resources of government and fees for support.

Civic Activism
Far different from both the voluntaristic and professional impulses is a third
impulse coursing through the nonprofit sector: the impulse of civic activ-
ism. According to this perspective, the real source of the social ills besetting
significant segments of the American public does not lie in the values, or in
the psychological or skill deficits, of disadvantaged individuals. Rather, it lies
in the structures of social, economic, and political power that such individu-
als confront in the broader society and in the unequal access to opportunities
that result. The solution to these social ills therefore does not depend on moral
preachment by well-meaning volunteers or treatments administered by trained
professionals but on the mobilization of social and political pressure to alter the
structures of power and correct the imbalances of opportunity.31
The settlement house movement of the late nineteenth and early twenti-
eth centuries clearly embodied this approach. Although providing immediate
services to residents of the neighborhoods in which they were located, the real
focus of the settlements, according to their historian, was to “bring about social
reform, thus alleviating the underlying causes of social problems.”32 Seventy-five
years later, this perspective remained uppermost in the mind of the first presi-
dent of Independent Sector, the national umbrella group for American non-
profit organizations, who referred to “efforts to influence public policy” as “the
role society most depends on [the voluntary sector] to perform.”33
Instead of expressing values and transforming individuals, the social activism
impulse thus sees the fundamental role of the nonprofit sector to be eliminating

01-0330-3 ch1.indd 17 5/7/12 10:10 AM

Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
 760 Wotherspoon M Y supvr Dept Natl Defence hl555 14th
av apt 16 Wotherspoon Shirley sten Prov Dept of Agrl r29 Probe
Wotherspoon Wm studt r728 Grey Wotlbaum Andrew carp Cairns
Homes r331 Victoria av Wotta Geo E (Lydia H) mech Westn Mack
Truck & Equip h210 Lome Woulfe Robt lab City Parks Dept rl545
Rothwell Woulfe Robt B (Olga) swtchmn CPR hlOG4 McTavish
Wourms Norman S J (Velma) mech Prov Dept Hwys hl50 N St John
Wowchuck Max (Olga) equip opr City Pks Dept hll50 Campbell
Wowchuck Olga Mrs pkr Dad’s Cookies rll50 Campbell Wowchuk Fred
(Eliz) lab W J Sharpe & Co Ltd rl532 11th av Wowchuk John cln
Hotel Sask rl957 Osier Wowk Lorraine tchr Govan Sch r5 Beechwood
pi Wowk Natalie Mrs elk Whitmore Park Drugs r5 Beechwood pi
Wowk Stanley E (Natalie) munic admn advisor Prov Dept Municipal
Affairs h5 Beechwood pi W'oycik Arth (Frieda E) elk Auto Elec Serv
hl43 N Lome Woycik Cath (wid Emil) h3838 Robinson apt 4 Woycik
Frieda E Mrs elk Robt Simpson Ltd rl43 N Lome Woycik Geraldine tel
opr Genl Mtr Products of Can r3838 Robinson apt 4 Woynarski P L
whsemn Federated Co-op Ltd rl602 8th av N Woytas Garry A sec Cdn
Martyrs Church hl932 1st av N Woytis John emp Hotel Sask rl868
Halifax Woytiuk Zonie (Eliz F) elk J H Ashdown Hdw h439 Cornwall
Woytkiw Mary Mrs r222 N Lome Woytuik Ernest (Leona L) emp Sask
Govt Tels h205 Halifax Woytuik Eug E (Marion J) teaching supvr
Regina Genl Hosp h3000 15th av Wozney Leo (Mary) lab Dumarr
Equip hll02 E Dewdney av Wozney Mary Mrs cook Byron Gate
Eventide Home rll02 E Dewdney av Wozniak Allan C (Katie) carp
Boychuk Constn h2138 McDonald Wraight W R retd rl301 15th av
Wray D Robt (Rena) frt traffic rep CPR h2637 Lacon apt 12 Wray
Gladys Mrs emp Prov Govt r2144 Hamilton Wray R Bruce (Gloria)
supt Rain & Hail Ins Bur h3830 20th av Wray Rena Mrs teletype opr
CPR r2637 Lacon apt 12 Wreggett Karen Mrs sten Galvan Plmb &
Htg rl321 Grace apt A Wreggett Lawrence A (Karen) RCMP hl321
Grace apt A Wrestler Arnold i'1324 King Wright Albert E (Myrtle) supt
Regina Stm Lndry h2210 15th av apt 25 Wright Alex W (Lucille M)
slsmn Westn Tractor Ltd hl571 Retallack W’right Alvin E (Ethyl) driver
Sask Trans Co r2944 Retallack Wright Archie W (Dorothy) driver
Wilson Constn rl400 12th av E apt Dll Wright Arliss G (Shirley) ofc
mgr Glen Wright Trucking h3507 Wascana Wright Barbara rl324
Pasqua Wright Bev elev opr Simpsons-Sears r2056 Cornwall Wright
Blain tchr Regina Pub Sch Bd rll31 Athol Wright Cecil (June E) mgr
Serv Rite Tom Boy Stores h2843 Park Wright Chas A (Matilda) retd
h2121 Rothwell Wright Clarence rl320 15th av Wright Clifford S
(Mary E) trucker h901 McTavish Wright Cyril N (Annette) plmb Hotel
Sask hll38 Elphinstone Wright Deborah (wid D M) 1)298 Century cres
apt 2 Wright Delbert (Sigridur) h817 Grey apt 12 Wright Donald
(Eunice) trav Can Seed Co Ltd hl317 Robinson Wright Dorothy Mrs
elk Eaton’s r467 Wascana Wright Douglas M (Kath G) carp Regina
Genl Hosp hl927 Athol Wright E Constance (wid Wm) elk Prov Health
r3622 21st av Wright Edna M (wid Alvin W) h916 Rae Wright Elaine
M Mrs sten Industrial Development Bank r4110 Rae apt 11 Wright
Eliz A (wid Robt) h2731 Winnipeg Wright Eric H (Ruth T) whsemn
SooSecurity Mtrways hi 129 Argyle Wright Ervin D (Frances) opr
Regina Transit Sys h3315 Parliament av Wright Ethel Mrs elk
McNeill’s Highland Pk Drugs rl02 Retallack Wright Ethel G Mrs sec
Fyffe & Musk r2944 Retallack Wright Eva emp Revenue Bldg r2121
Rothwell Wright Eveleen M (wid Albert H) hl947 Hamilton apt 10
Wright Faith E acct elk Co-op Ins Serv Ltd rllOO Broadway av apt
702 Wright Feme Mrs sec Westn Savings & Loan Assn r271 Logan
cres Wright Florence Mrs sec First Investors Corp r2044 Fleury
Wright Frank r2738 Borden Wright Gale Mrs nurse Regina Genl Hosp
h2433 Harvey apt 7 Wright Geo H (Ethel) mech Impl Oil Enterprises
hl02 Retallack Wright Geo I (Joyce K) optn Hugh D MacKenzie h5301
4th av Wright Geo K (Irene) shipper McGavin Toastmaster h2138
McIntyre Wright Geo P (Eliz) eng Dept Natl Defence hl032 Broder
Wright Gilbert J jan Impl Oil Enterprises r927 Winnipeg Wright
Gladys (wid Walter D) rl44 Portland cres Wright Glen D (Myrtle 0)
mgr Glen Wright Trucking Ltd hl675 Retallack WRIGHT GLEN
TRUCKING LTD, G Wright Mgr, 1573 McDonald, Tel 522-7673 Wright
Gordon G (Winnifred) retail serv Federated Co-op h3825 Robinson
apt 1 Wright Gordon R (Elaine M) glazer Hilco Mtl Inds h4110 Rae
apt 11 Wright Gwendoline M sten John Deere Ltd r2738 Borden
Wright Horace E (May P) supvr Pacific Petroleum h2936 Grant rd
Wright Iris H studt r467 Wascana
 761 Wright Ivan G guidance dir Regina Collegiate Bd r5210
Dewdney av Wright James r2242 Toronto Wright James C (Christina
B) retd h2303 Retallack Wright James O (Marjorie) asst sec Sask
Wheat Pool h52 Gardiner av Wright James R (Grace E) undwrtr Co-
op Ins Servs h47 Halleran cres W'right John (Irene) mgr Cdn Impl
Bank of Com h508 Shannon rd Wright John G supvr libraries Prov
Dept of Educ hllOO Broadway apt 702 W'right Joseph E (Joyce) tech
Associated Engineering Serv h2048 Rae apt 5 Wright Joyce Mrs sec
Socony Mobil Oil of Can r2048 Rae apt 5 Wright Kath G Mrs tech
Regina Genl Hosp rl927 Athol Wright Keith (Florence) emp Sask
Power Corp h2044 Fleury Wright Ken G (Phyllis) control buyer
Simpsons-Sears h729 Horace Weight Laurie R (Loretta) auto elec
DePape’s Volkswagen h211 Cornwall Wright Leo C jan YMCA r2324
McAra Wright Lillian Mrs rl056 Atkinson Wright Line of Canada Ltd
Archibald H Forbes rep business machs 1700 Hamilton Wright Lloyd
H (Rosalind M) opr Regina Transit Sys hl041 Lindsay W'right Loretta
Mrs typ Simpsons-Sears r211 Cornwall Wright Lucille elk Prov Library
r2255 Smith apt 23 Wright Margt Mrs r2061 Cameron W'right Margt
Mrs typ Simpsons-Sears rl229 Argyle Wright Mary r965 Retallack
Wright Mary hl836 Victoria apt 7 Wright May P Mrs mgr Belgium
Stores r2936 Grant rd Wright Mervin studt rl927 Athol Wright Mildred
M elk Simpsons-Sears rl336 Princess Wright Nancy J studt nurse
Regina Genl Hosp r Nurses Res W'right Norman A (Linn) pts mgr De
Pape’s Sis & Serv h256 Edward Wright R Melvin (Margt) shopmn
Regina Transit Sys hl229 Argyle Wright Rita bkbndr Central Press
h2439 Harvey apt 7 Wright Robt (Elsie) retd h.1131 Athol Wright
Robt L (Feme) slsmn Mumford Medland Ltd h271 Logan cres Wright
Ronald E (Mildred M) driver B A Oil PHncps5! Wright Rose Mrs hl947
Hamilton apt 37 Wright Roy R (Jane E; A-l Rent-Alls) h2818
Assiniboine av Wright Ruth E (wid James G) hlllO College av Wright
Stanley (Phyllis) wldr Westn Tractor h266 N Rose W'right Stella
r2303 Retallack Wright Stuart C (Wilda 0) asst meat insp Cdn Health
of Animals Dept h2815 Borden Wright Thos W (Esther) retd h2738
Borden Wright Victor G (Dorothy) insp Cdn Dept Weights &
Measures h2205 Princess Wright W Russell (Laura) elk PO h3067
Robinson Wright Wm G retd hl456 Montague Wright Wm J (Agnes K)
insp City Fire Dept 1x3614 Regina av Wright Wm R (Lillian D E) pro
golfer Wascana Golf Club h220 Frontenac dr Wrigley Beatrice (wid
Basil C) sec dean of educ Univ h3300 Angus Writh John retd rl711
Rose W'robel Joann studt nurse Regina Grey Nuns’ Hosp r4101
Dewdney av W'robel Ray (Margt) opr Prov Dept Pub Wks h2256
Harvey W'robleski Tony W (Eliz) mech CinderCrete Products h2500
Abbott rd Wroe Barry studt r2041 Rae Wroe Ellis (Mary R) retd
h2041 Rae Wrye Jean Mrs hl924 14th av apt 7 Wszolek Anton (Mary)
lab CNR h420 Edward Wszolek Frank (Mildred) cln CNR h434 Forget
Wszolek Irene tracer Sask Govt Tels r346 Ottawa Wszolek Ivy Mrs
hostess Carnival DriveInn r212 E Victoria av Wszolek Jack F (Ivy)
tech Art’s Radio & TV h212 E Victoria av Wszolek Stan J (Karen)
issuer CNR h415 McIntosh Wu Dennis K H (Eileen) eng PFRA hl64
Marsh cres Wudke Helen L Mrs opr Sask Govt Tels pi Qlft Rptflllflclr
Wudke Joe millwright hlpr IPSCO r2346 Smith Wudrich Francis
hsekpr Ron Erhardt rl851 Ottawa Wunder Isabel (wid Earl) r2305
Victoria av apt 510 W'underlich Muriel Mrs sec Halls Transport h3621
Mason av W underlick Roy N (Doreen) emp Modem Lathing h3940
Rae apt 3 Wunsch David A (Patricia M) genl mgr Waterman-
Waterbury hll9 Mayfair cres Wunsch F Wm TV and radio repr
Sherwood Co-op Assn h2075 Fleury Wurm Donna studt rl339
Princess Wurm Ernest appr Sask Govt Tels rl339 Princess Wurm
Mathias (Evelyn) orderly Grey Nuns’ Hosp hl339 Princess Wurtz
Ashton J (Edith) westn supvr Dorothy Gray h424 Balfour dr Wurtz
Penny V sten London Life Ins r424 Balfour dr Wuschenny Betty A
cash Guaranty Trust Co of Can r925 Campbell W'uschke Albert A
slsmn West End Agcy h3632 Mason av Wuschke Howard (Beatrice)
eng asst Prov Dept of Hwys h2451 Francis Wuthrieh Jean Mrs packer
Fuhrmann Meats rl505 10th av apt 1-2 Wuthrieh John H (Jean) eng
Fuhrmann Meats hl505 10th av apt 1-2 Wuttke Evelyn E Mrs sis elk
Army & Navy Dept Store r Box 11 Balgonie Sask Wuttke Rudy cln
Westn Furs Ltd r Balgonie Sask Wutzke Wm G (Nina) trucker hl49
Pasqua Wyatt Arth (Bernice V) radio tech RCMP h3814 Caen av
Wyatt Clarence R (Ida A) retd hl057 Athol Wyatt Jbhn H (Marianne)
mech Internatl Harvester h932 10th av E Wyatt R Lyle (Doris L)
mech Sherwood Co-op Serv h3004 Albert Wyatt Ralph (Hazel) rep
Communications Wkrs of America r Moose Jaw
 762 Wyatt Sylvia I sec Prov Dept of Cooperation h2056
Scarth apt 6 Wyatt W Clare (Gwen M) mech Eastview Serv Sta h844
Queen Wyatt Wayne R (Marlene) psychometrist Pub Sch Bd hl69
McMurchy av Wyenberg Paullette Mrs serv elk Natl Cash Register
rl49 Procter pi apt 8 Wyenberg Richd (Paullette) field aud A C
Nielsen hl49 Procter pi apt 8 Wyeth Jerome (Karen) emp CKCK Radio
Sta r2229 Harvey Wylant F Robt (Lorraine M) mgr Cam Guard Sup
hlOl Retallack Wylie Arnold P (Elaine F) mgr MacMillan Bloedel &
Powell River (Sask) Ltd h605 Aberdeen cres Wylie Eliz Mrs h2620
12th av apt 129 Wylie Esther E studt nurse Regina Genl IIosp r
Nurses’ Res Wylie Norman (Ruth) studt r2101 Connaught Wylie Robt
M (Carole) sis rep Cdn Westinghouse h48 Portland cres Wyma Robt
G (Florence) mgr Dun & Bradstreet of Can Ltd hl805 Dufferin rd
Wymes Sharon V Mrs nurse Medical Arts Clinic r3870 Retallack
Wynder Bernie C (Judy) foremn Melchin Trans h20 Spence apt 21
Wynes Elaine M accounting elk Sask Govt h2825 25th av apt 2
Wynes John (Sharon) slsmn Financial Collections r3870 Retallack apt
8 Wynn Marshall C (M Jane) emp CP Mdse Serv r841 Retallack
Wyporowich William rod mn Cummin Constn Ltd r Wawota Sask
Wysminity John lab City rl412 Cornwall Wysminity Leona M key
punch opr IBM r745 Elphinstone Wysminity William J elk PO r745
Elphinstone Wyspianski Frank (Dorothy) elk Firestone Tire & Rubber
h546 Broad Wytsma Ted (Joyce) landmn B A Oil h35 Richardson cres
XL Sheet Metal & Roofing Co Ltd Louis C Music pres 1575 Toronto
Xanthos Jim cook Embassy Cafe r2900 Victoria av XEROX OF
CANADA LIMITED, Dennis Fitz Mgr, Sales and Service, 2060 Halifax,
Tel 527-6270 Xhignesse Louis V (Anne-Marie) lecturer L'niv h280
Leopold cres Y & D Building ofc 2150 Scarth Yablonski Alvin asst mgr
Sheraton Drake Hotel r2262 Halifax Yablonski Demetrius (Julia)
formn CNR hl951 Winnipeg Yablonski Julia Mrs fnshr Westn Furs
rl951 Winnipeg Yablonski Nicholas (Mercedes) wldr Westeel Products
hl009 Retallack Yablonski Russell D studt rl951 Winnipeg Yaeheson
David J1 (Frances A) mgr Remington Elec Shaver hl74 Portland cres
Yaeheson Frances A Mrs asst of supvr Met Life Ins rl74 Portland cres
Yachuk Eug studt rl3Q4 Retallack Yaciw Emily 0 sten CPR rl733
Ottawa Yaciw Paul (Emily M) sectionmn CPR hl733 Ottawa Yaciw
Paul P jr rl733 Ottawa Yackel Donald (Marilyn) pharm Whitmore Park
Drugs h30 Spence apt 2 Yadao Letitia nurse Regina Genl Hosp r2158
Halifax apt 5 Yadav Doya R (Meenatchi) phys Regina Genl Hosp
h4114 Rae apt 3 Yaeger Block apts 2425 11th av Yaeger Isobel Mrs
bkpr Fer-Marc Equip r!544 Alexandra apt 8 Yaeger Margt I Mrs acct
elk Westn Spring hl544 Alexandra apt 8 Yaeger Ralph S (Maureen V)
mgr Stanley Home Products of Can Ltd h70O Campbell YAEGER’S
FURS LIMITED “PERSONALITY IN FURS” GEO H NICHOLS, Manager
MANUFACTURERS OF FUR COATS and FURS OF ALL KINDS
REMODELLING and STORAGE 2425 11th AVENUE TELEPHONE 522-
6789 Yaehne Alf S (Lorraine M R) pres Natl Cartage (Regina) Ltd
h4200 Hillsdale Yaehne Jerry (Nellie) driver Star Line Cab h2742
Francis Yaehne Mary (wid Alf) h823 Victoria av Yaehne Philip G (Eva)
driver Star Line Cab hl065 Wallace Yahnke Caroline H Mrs nurses
aide Regina Genl Hosp r2030 Rose Yahnke Verden K (Caroline H)
trades hlpr Sask Govt Ins Ofc h2030 Rose Yakamovich Gerald R Mrs
tech Regina Genl Hosp r2249 Cornwall Yake Geo F retd h2352
Wallace Yakichuck Dan (Carole) elk Can Safeway rl449 Grey
Yaldchuk Edw (Darlene) equip opr Tany Mantesso h701 Princess
Yaldchuk Geo retd rl854 Toronto Yakimovich Anthony (Elda J) wldr
Dumar Equip Ltd h927 Broadway av E Yakimovich Elda J Mrs factory
wkr Solarpane Mfg Co Ltd r927 E Broadway av Yakimowski John
(Margt) lab City Eng Dept h953 Lindsay Yakimowski Margt Mrs
wtress Burger Baron r953 Lindsay Yakobovich Wm (Irene) opr
Interprov Pipe Line h5425 2d av Yakubco Joeseph retd r2505
Victoria av Yakubicki Cath Mrs elk Cdn Genl Elec rl245 McTavish
Yakubicki Walter (Cath) mgr Prov Battery Sis Co Ltd hl245 McTavish
Yakymyk Julie Mrs emp Sask Co-op Creamery hl654 Ottawa Yakymyk
Mary A Mrs acct elk City rl763V2 Hamilton apt 112 Yakymyk Michl
countermn Cdn Westinghouse rl654 Ottawa Yakymyk Nick rl654
Ottawa Yakymyk Peter elect IPSCO r813 Gladmer Pk Yakymyk Wm
(Mary A) whsemn Swift Cdn hl763W Hamilton apt 112 Yalowega
Harry G (Bertha; City Window Cleaning & Caulking) h408 E
Broadway av Yalowega Judy L studt r408 E Broadway av Yalowega
Wm (Effie) ctkr Med Dental Bldg h2062 Lindsay Yamakami Mas eng
Con-Force Products r2618 Lindsay Yamamoto Dick (Sue) dept mgr
Silk 0 Lina Ltd h2276 Francis Yamanokawa Teruko Mrs hl931 Athol
Yamishita James archt Keith Stock & Assocs h2Q43 Cameron Yandel
Eliz (wid Florian) h2075 Hamilton
 Yandt Fredk S (Mary) retd h949 Rae Yaning Roger waiter
Brock-Cafe r2932 Victoria av Yaning Victor (Chew Joan; Brock Cafe)
h2932 Victoria av Yanish Ernest J (Helen) driver slsmn Weston
Bakeries hl31 St John N Yanish Margt postmstr Pinder’s 4th av Drugs
r807 Grey apt 3 Yanish Peter (Margt) city policemn h807 Grey apt 3
Yanish Peter waiter Ehrle Hotel rl705 11th av Yanish Sylvia R studt
nurse Regina Genl Hosp r Nurses’ Res Yanke Rosemarie typ Med Arts
Clinic r2248 Angus Yanko Anne Mrs bkpr Alaska Fur rl848 Wallace
Yanko Anne Mrs wtress Hotel Sask r437 Osier Yanko Bernice Mrs sec
Haddon Davis & Brown r230 E Broadway av apt 9 Yanko Dianne H
sten PFRA r67 Mathieu cres Yanko Donna G Mrs elk Sask Govt Tels
r33 Lorimer cres Yanko Elsie supt Mutchmor Lodge r328 Century
cres Yanko Geo A (Erna C) bartndr Plains Mtr Hotel h67 Mathieu cres
Yanko Harry (Mary) retd r509 Rose Yanko James G (Bernice) mgr
McPherson & Thom Ltd h230 E Broadway av apt 9 Yanko John
(Rose) driver City h464 Halifax Yanko Louanne G studt rl848 Wallace
Yanko Louis (Anne) city fireftr hl848 Wallace Yanko Marlene J cash
Med Arts Clinic r2248 Angus Yanko Michl (Esther; Murray’s Barber
Shop) r2041 Halifax Yanko Omer W (Olga) acct Genl Tire Serv h309
19th av Yanko Peter T (Anne) slsmn Robt Simpson Ltd h437 Osier
Yanko Robt 0 (Doris) cost analyst Bums & Co h729 7th av Yanko
Robt V (Katherine) retd hl220 Atkinson Yanko Ronald J (Mary) city
fireftr h2814 Borden Yanko Rose Mrs wtress Hotel Sask r464 Halifax
Yanko Wm A (Donna G) opr Liquid Carbonic Cdn Corp h33 Lorimer
cres Yannitsas Jim (Martha) cook Grand Hotel r2350 Smith Yannitsos
Peter (Dina; Grand Cafe) r2150 McIntyre Yano Agnes Mrs cash Sask
Power Corp r7 Wakefield cres Yano Ken J (Agnes; Deluxe Dry Wall)
h7 Wakefield cres Yano Wm A (Margt) prin St Mark Sch h2243
Queen Yanoshewski Pearl wtress Ehrle Coffee Shop rl943 Osier Yantz
Harvey C (Ellen) ptsmn Mumford & Medland hl24 Retallack Yantz
Jacob F (Irene M) mtcemn Regina Genl Hosp h458 Halifax Yantz
Leslie J (Edna) driver Phillip Kilback h27 Gale Yantz Valentin (wid
Mary) retd r458 Halifax Yanyu Alex (Betty) bartndr Regina Hotel
h435 Montreal Yanz Anne C Mrs dental nurse W Kenneth Martin
r2919 Montreal cres Yanz Edw H (Anne C) city policemn h2919
Montreal cres Yanz Fred A (Sylvia) process opr Consumers Co-op
Refineries hl410 Grace Yanz Wayne studt r2919 Montreal cres
Yaremchuk Lawrence A sht mtl hlpr Monarch Plmb & Htg rl434
Lindsay Yaremicki Andrew (Sien) shipper Cdn Co-op Implts h457
McIntyre Yaremko Sylvia A slswn Woolworths r2230 11th av apt 11
Yaremko Eliz J elk Sask Govt Tels 1)2230 11th av apt 11 Yaremko
John (Jennie) cln Regina Grey Nuns’ Hosp hl856 McKay Yaremko
Joseph (Malanka) retd hl344 Rothwell Yarich Rebecca Mrs h466 King
Yarie Geraldine E laby studt Regina Genl Hosp r2215 Lome Yaris
Jean hl600 Rothwell Yaris Martha (wid Jack) rl600 Rothwell
Yarmowich Philip (Stella) retd hlll4 Robinson Yarnton Andrew W
(Agnes) fuel plant opr CNR h767 Elphinstone YARNTON
DECORATING (1964) LTD, Residential, Commercial and Industrial
Painting Contractors, Wholesale and Retail C-I-L Paint Suppliers,
2837 South Railway, Tel 522-5856 Yarnton E A Ted (Iris I) br mgr
Paramount Glass & Millwork Ltd h76 Bobolink bay Yarnton James F
(Blanche) supvr Standard Homes hl241 Pasqua Yarnton Marion Mrs
h2305 Victoria av apt 402 Yarocki Michl pts elk Constn Equip Co
r2215 Retallack Yarctsky Morley G (Francis) insp Prov Dept Hwys
rl931 Montreal Yarske Barbara Mrs emp Regina Genl Hospital hl827 S
Railway Yarwood Thos retd h2221 McTavish Yaschuk Josephine E Mrs
cash Guaranty Trust Co of Can rl415 McTavish Yaschuk Michl
(Josephine E) slsmn A Iiosie & Co hl415 McTavish Yaschuk Wm
(Rose) retd h957 Wallace Yasinko Edmund A (Lois M) eng Producer’s
Pipeline h2251 Hamilton apt 6 Yasinko Lois M Mrs asst supvr Regina
Genl Hosp r2251 Hamilton apt 6 Yasinkowski Albin whsemn
MinneapolisMoline of Can rl340 Angus Yaskow Construction (Lionel
Yaskow) 1404 Belmont Yaskow Lionel (Ruth; Yaskow Constn) hl404
Belmont Yates Albert M doorrnn Regina Genl Hosp h4104 Dewdney
av Yates Arlene Mrs ofc elk SimpsonsSears rl580 Garnet Yates Edw
elk Impl Constn r2312 Winnipeg Yates Edw slsmn Wascana Ofc
Equip rl418 7th av N Yates Eric R (Arlene) serv mgr Webber’s TV &
Radio Serv hl580 Garnet Yates Fred T (Vera) equip opr City Eng Dept
h651 McTavish Yates Gertrude G elk PFAA rl429 Argyle Yates Grace
sten Simpsons-Sears r2108 Osier Yates Grace L Mrs h2561 Winnipeg
Yates Inez Mrs elk Charmante Ltd r2730 12th av apt 25 DROPE &C0.
LTD. REAL ESTATE • LOANS INSURANCE • RENTALS CALL 522-8535
 764 Yates Leslie E (Lorna) emp RCMP h716 McTavish Yates
Lottie M (wid Ernest) hl429 Argyle Yates Ronald studt r4104
Dewdney av Yates Ruth K studt Black Larson McMillan & Partners
Yates Thos (Mary) retd h302 Pioneer Village Yates Vera Mrs pkr
Simpsons-Sears r651 McTavish Yates Warren studt r4104 Dewdney
av Yatsura Peter (Johanna; Golden Mile Plaza Barber Shop) hl8
Somerville rd Yauck Godfrey (Emily) retd hl436 Aberdeen Yauck
Henri (N H Irene) adv mgr J Alex Mackenzie Ltd h3835 Robinson apt
6 Yauck Jacob (Martha) slsmn West End Agcy h2632 Lindsay Yauck
John G retd h364 Ottawa Yauck Ken G G cJk Regina Genl Hosp
r2632 Lindsay Yauck Walter C (Helen) asst plant supt Liquid Carbonic
Cdn Corp h26 McNaughton av Yauck Wilfred C (Agnes) pts mgr
Carland (1965) Ltd h64 Coldwell rd Yawney Thos elk Regina News
rl940 St John Yaworski B fnshr IPSCO rl830 Winnipeg Yaworski
Carolyn J Mrs ofc mgr Cdn Linen Sup Co Ltd r304 Broadway av
Yaworski Roderick D sht mtl wkr Monarch Plmb & Htg r2135 King
Yaworski Wm (Carolyn J) wldr CPR h304 Broadway av Yazelle
Normon emp Dewdney Auto Body Serv r3527 Victoria Yeadon
Christine Mrs emp Sask Govt Tels h2470 McAra Yee Anne (wid Wo-
Lun; Loyal Tea Room) h2514 15th av Yee Bing (Jean) mgr Victory
Confectionery r2077 Ottawa Yee Chas Shan (Susie) sec Chinese
Nationalist Party h2223 Hamilton Yee Charlie G retd rl745 Broad Yee
Chen Mrs rl343 Rae Yee Chow-tai (Janet) drftsmn City Eng Dept
hl955 St John Yee Cynthia studt r2924 Dewdney Yee Danl M studt
r603 Victoria av Yee Danny (Mary; Coventry Grocery) hl343 Rae Yee
Don cook Crescent Confectionery & Tea Room r2203 Osier Yee
Donald (Jean; Regal Tea Room) h5512 7th av Yee Dong Wong
(Mary) cook Crescent Confectionery & Tea Room r2203 Osier Yee
Eddie (Kay; Parkland Grocery & Confectionery) h469 Albert Yee
Eddie mgr Stop Over Tea Room rl343 Rae Yee Foly Chow elk Gong’s
Confectionery rl335 10th av apt 11 Yee Frank (Pearl; Second Av
Grocery) h401 Lome Yee Frank (Barbara) retd h2166 Halifax Yee
Gerry G (June) elk Majestic Tea Room rl213 15th av Yee Get (Get’s
Grocery & Confectionery) hl805 Quebec Yee Harry cook Yick Lee
Lung Co rl743 Broad Yee Harry cook Crescent Confectionery & Tea
Room r Pagoda Gardens Yee Howard (Lee) elk Regal Tea Room
r5512 7th av Yee Jack (Doris) mgr Exchange Cafe r2223 Hamilton
Yee James (Susan) mgr W K Cafe h4101 5th av Yee James (Rose;
Jim’s Tea Room) h2610 6th av Yee Jane Mrs (Capital Foodeteria)
rl955 St John Yee Jim elk Champs Hotel hl910 12th av apt 202-3 Yee
Jim (Mabel; Chinese Kitchen) hl326 Edward Yee Jim A (Susan) mgr
W K Chop Suey h41 Haultain cres Yee Jim-poy retd rl817 Osier Yee
Jim Wai (King; Northn Tea Room) h623 Pasqua Yee Jim-wein-sue
slsmn McBride Canham & Hudson rl805 Quebec Yee Jock Toy
(Marjory; Loyal Tea Room) h2514 15th av Yee Joe retd rl805 Quebec
Yee Joe Chinese Herbs (Joseph Yee) 1610 10th av Yee John (Kam
Hor; John’s Tea Room) hl446 Rose apt 1 Yee Jon (Mei Lai) elk Loyal
Tea Room h2278 McIntyre Yee Joseph (Joe Yee Chinese Herbs)
hl610 10th av Yee Kathleen engrosser Prov Land Titles rl326 Edward
Yee Kay Mrs elk Sun Tea Room r9 Coventry rd Yee Kay Mrs kitchen
hlpr Bus Depot Lunch r2211 Hamilton apt 14 Yee Kee cook Exchange
Cafe rl814 Ottawa Yee Kye Jue (Fong Shee; W K Chop Suey) hl717
10th av Yee L M sten E Howard Duncan h22U Hamilton apt 3 Yee
Lang-see (wid Mong) rl955 St John Yee Len (May; Sun Tea Room)
h9 Coventry rd Yee Lena Mrs nurses aide Regina Genl Hosp h2924
Dewdney Yee Lilly Mrs elk Deluxe Grocery & Confectionery rl203
15th av Yee Mary x-ray developer rl749 Winnipeg Yee Mee Wan Mrs
rl837 Osier Yee Moon cook rl645 Ottawa Yee Moon (Alma; Aintree
Grocery) r2126 Osier Yee Mun studt r2077 Ottawa Yee Peter (Annie)
retd hl749 Winnipeg Yee Peter studt r2924 Dewdney Yee Poy (Wong
Shee) h2077 Ottawa Yee Raymond (Lilly; Deluxe Grocery &
Confectionery) hl203 15th av Yee Rebecca wtress Bus Depot Lunch
r2924 Dewdney Yee Sam (Joy) cLk Aintree Grocery hl379 Montague
Yee Sam Mrs (Pagoda Gardens) hl745 Broad Yee Sam Dill (Winnie)
cook Exchange Cafe r2218 Rose Yee Shon (Lily; Hin’s Tea Room)
r2806 Dewdney Yee Terry (Kay) mgr Sun Tea Room r9 Coventry rd
Yee Tom hl910 12th av apt 101
 Yee Tom (Shirley) cook Exchange Cafe hl814 Ottawa Yee
Tom emp Gold Crest Billiard rl720 Broad Yee Tommy waiter Dandy’s
Lunch hl755 St John Yee Toy (Moy) h2515 15th av Yee Toy (Vick J;
Toy Yee Grocery & Confectionery) h603 Victoria av Yee Toy Grocery
& Confectionery (Toy Yee) 603 Victoria av Yee Tun (Pearl; Loyal Tea
Room) h2330 Albert Yee W Hin (Jean; Hin’s Tea Room) r2806
Dewdney Yee Wah (Park Confectionery) hl815 Victoria av Yee Wai
King Mrs emp Northn Tea Room r623 Pasqua Yee Waing (Stop Over
Tea Room) rl343 Rae Yee Wm del boy Chinese Kitchen rl326 Edward
Yee Wing (Sam-Loo; Smith Street Grocery) h489 Smith Yee Y Sum
(Kay) cook Novia Cafe h2211 Hamilton apt 14 Yee Yuk-choo retd
rl817 Osier Yellow Cab (Ray Stark) 1829 Rase Yellow Cab Garage
(Raymond Stark) 210 12th av E Yellowaga Gene control buyer
SimpsonsSears h3848 Retallaek apt 4 Yemen Sarah (wid Edgar)
hl378 Garnet Yemen Wm L (Dorothy Q) process opr Consumers Co-
op Refineries h612 E Murray av Yeo Albert E (Birdie) coml tech Sask
Power Corp hl905 7th av N Yeo Bruce (Patricia) sec IPSCO h2727
McCallum av Yeo Carol elk Sask Govt Tels rl211 Cameron Yeo Carole
Y elk typ Prov Dept Social Welfare r273 Edward Yeo David A elk Sask
Power Corp rl905 7th av N Yeo Fredk E (Dale) repr Sask Govt Tels
h562 Gladmer pk Yeo Geo (Margt) ctkr Regina Steam Lndry h4438
Dewdney av Yeo H Eliz Mrs h2305 Victoria av apt 111 Yeo Jack 0
(Elsie J) buyer Federated Co-op hll2 Broadway av Yeo Kenneth W
r273 Edward Yeo Manfred E (Florence) jwlr Robt Simpson Ltd hl211
Cameron Yeo Margt Mrs sec St John’s United Church r4438 Dewdney
av Yeo Walter studt r4438 Dewdney av Yeo Wm A (Shirley) ofc mgr
Houston Willoughby & Co Ltd h68 Woodward av Yeo Wm J (Anne F)
mech Cdn Mtrs h273 Edward Yeoman Thos (Ivy) mech Cdn Mtrs
hl002 Wascana Yeomans Blythe R (Doreen L) purchase expeditor
Sask Power Corp h36 Merritt cres Yeomans Doreen L Mrs equip opr
Queens Pmtrs r36 Merritt cres Yeomans Ellen M (wid Rubin) hl37 N
McIntyre Yeomans Ernest R (Margery) repr Auto Elec Serv h719
Elphinstone Yeomans Geo E (Mildred) stockmn Simpsons -Sears
h2079 Montague 765 Yeomans Jack R whsemn Whse Serv r402 18th
av E Yeomans Keith M (Willa) electn North West Electric h26 Patton
Yeomans Mildred Mrs elk Robt Simpson r2079 Montague Yeomans
Thos J (Evelyn) supt Sask Power Corp h5130 8th av Yeremchuk John
(Dora) jan Royal Bank of Can h500 Wascana Yergens Darleen E Mrs
rep Sask Govt Tels r2900 Park Yergens Ernest V (Darleen E) mgr
Fibre Inds h2900 Park Yerhoff Ema Mrs elk sten Sask Book Bur r5437
4th av Yerhoff Frank J (Ema) aud SimpsonsSears h5437 4th av
Yerhoff Frank W studt r5437 4th av Yerhoff Garry R (Theresa R) elk
Prov Dept Agrl h4112 Argyle rd Yerhoff John B (Violet D) plmb
Monarch Plmb & Htg h!09 Park av Yerhoff John L (Dolores B) admn
offr Prov Dept Pub Health hl036 12th av Yerhoff Mary (wid Frank)
hl648 Montreal Yerhoff Theresa R Mrs sec to administrative offr Prov
Dept Ind & Com r4112 Argyle rd Yermichuk Georgina pkr Bums
Foods r619 Victoria av Yermichuk Loretta typ Regina Cartage & Stge
r619 Victoria av Yermichuk Wm (Eva) retd h619 Victoria av
Yermichuk Wm G jr whsemn Kraft Foods r619 Victoria av Yesensky
Tillie Mrs mgr Wheatland Restr rl445 Bond Yesensky Wm (Tillie)
formn Bums & Co hl445 Bond Yettle Norman r2100 College av Yhon
Tonka Mrs cln Leader-Post rl931 Reynolds Yhon Tony (Tonka) emp
City hl931 Reynolds Yick Lee Lung Co (Tam Po Ping) 1747 Broad
Yicksen Chas h4120 Dewdney av Yingst Alberta M (wid Luther)
h2305 Victoria av apt 600 Yingst Everett L ! Marian L) pres L E
Yingst Co Ltd h2305 Victoria av apt 314 YINGST L ECO LTD N D
WILKIE, Manager EVERETT L YINGST, President R A McGREGOR,
Asst Manager F C TAPPIN Office Manager SUPERVISING
PROVINCIAL GENERAL AGENTSINSURANCE OF ALL CLASSES, 2150
SCARTH TELEPHONE 527-1691 Yingst Larry R (Lucille) tchr Lakeview
Sch h3223 Victoria av Yingst Maurice O (Kay) carp Jakes Framing
h2736 Abbott rd Yip Harry (Kay) retd h2267 Smith Yobb Herbert
mech Sask Govt Ins Ofc rl435 Edward Yohanna Hesse h2133 14th av
apt 3 YONEDA R & ASSOCIATES LTD, Robert Yoneda B Sc P Eng,
Pres, Consulting Engineers, Mechanical and Electrical, 300 Brent
Bldg, 2505 11th av, Tels 527-2880 and 523-5239 “Regina's Ford
Authorized Leasing System" REAL ESTATE — INSURANCE — LOANS
2024 ALBERT TEL. 522-7661 Office: 13 Westman Building
Telephones! 522-1311 • 522-7536
 7*6 Yoneda Robt (Germaine) pres R Yoneda & Assocs Ltd
h2643 Rothwell Yoneda Toshiko (wid Tomataro) r2643 Rothwell
Yoner Delores mgr Reitman’s (Sask) Ltd h4029 Retallack apt 2 Yoner
Faye supvr Cdn Linen Sup rl067 Queen Yoner Lawrence (Faye) pntr
hll51 Queen Yorga John (Pearl) farmer h804 College av Yorga Steve
(Lorraine) farmer hl400 12th av No A12 Yorgovan Bernard (Eliz)
tailor De Luxe Tailors & Clnrs hlll5 Broadway av York A Floreen Mrs
tchr St Michael Sch rl835 7th N York Apartments 1555 14th av York
Auto Supply (Regina) Ltd David D Gardiner mgr 2062 Albert York
David (Jean) eng Hadden Davis & Brown h2A E Neil pi York Ernie
(Rose) retd hl450 Angus apt 18 York John retd hl576 Montague York
Kay Mrs h2076 Empress York M Constance h3920 Robinson apt 9
York Robt L (A Floreen) farmer hl835 7th av Yorke Bruce W (Alison)
mech Nortown Bowling Lanes h2134 Cornwall apt 10 YORKE JOSEPH
R Income Tax Specialist and Notary, 4 Banner Bldg, 2134 11th av,
Tel 522-0733, h304 Balfour Apts, 2305 Victoria av, Tel 522-8392
Yoshida Isutomu (Tsuyuko) asst eng Stock, Keith & Assoc h620 E
Broadway av Yost Keen & Associates Ltd James N Keen mgr eng
2700 Montague Yost Wayne L (Merle) loan offr Power Credit Union
h4064 Rae apt 3 Youck Alex W (Margt) tchr Balfour Technical Sch
h2932 Francis Youck Allan mech Spring Serv r2707 Montreal cres
Youck David elk Prov Dept Pub Wks h2707 Montreal cres Youck
Elmer barr McDougall Ready Wakeling r2707 Montreal cres Youck
Wilfred A (Isabel E) sec treas Regina Munic Credit Union hl325
Edward Youle Bessie (wid John) hlllO N 2d av Youle Elmer P
(Dorothy J) electn Sask Power Corp hl46 McMurchy av Young Adam
(Jean) mtcemn Sheraton Drake Hotel h.306 Angus Young Adeline M
Mrs nurses aide Regina Geriatric Centre rl363 Aberdeen Young Albert
H (Rosemarie) servmn Wascana Ofc Equip h4 Bond cres Young Alex
M (Joy) slsmn Goodyear Tire & Rubber rl066 Wolfe av Moose J'aw,
Scisk \ OUNG ALEX MONUMENTAL CO LTD, Edw H Graham Mgr,
1010 Scarth at 4th av, Tel 569-3073 Young Allan D (Kath A) comp
Comp Pmtrs h334 N Rose Young Andrew (Christina) buyer J H
Ashdown Hdw hl235 Rae Young Ann (wid Alex) hi 141 McTavish
Young Anne cash Shop Easy rl504 Victoria av Young Anne Mrs h2701
Coronation apt 6 Young Anthony L (Wilhelmina) charge hand Carling
Breweries h3366 Rae Young Antionette Mrs emp Auto License Bur
r2275 Athol Young Ardell L (Eunice; West 13th Esso Serv) h3425
Mason av Young Arlene acct elk City Sask Power hi 100 Broadway av
apt 413 Young Arth (Kathleen) condr CNR h721 Horace Young Arth
(Jean; Crescent Confectionery & Tea Room) hllOO Broadway av apt
403 YOUNG ARTHUR CLARKSON GORDON & CO CHARTERED
ACCOUNTANTS 815 McCALLUM-HILL BLDG 1874 SCARTH
TELEPHONE 523-7618 Young Barbara Mrs rl518 8 av N Young Barry
studt rl5 Academy Pk rd Young Beverley A Mrs opr Sask Govt Tels
rl742 Arthur Young Bruce (Shirley) barber Sylvia’s Beauty & Barber
Shop h301 E College av apt 1 _j Y oung Bruce A r3101 Victoria av
Young C draftsman Underwood McLillan Assoc rWaseana Hotel
Young Calvin R (Irene) ptsmn R J Fyfe Equip hl519 Dover av Young
Clarence F (Eileen H) driver Quick Clns & Shirt Lndry h456 Alexandra
Young Clifford (Audrey) driver Moore’s Taxi h4420 2d av N Young
Danl (Ann) agt Prudential Ins h2059 Argyle Young David E (Stella)
RCMP h3807 Lakeview av Young Delta (wid Lee) h272 Pioneer
Village Young Dennis elk Natl-Drugs r2657 Rothwell Young Donald H
(Elaine E) trnmn CNR h4030 Rae apt 9 Young Edw (Bernice) formn
Interprov Pipe Line h4210 Garnet Young Elaine E Mrs elk sten Dept
Welfare r4030 Rae apt 9 YOUNG ELECTRIC LIMITED Electrical
Contractors, 3131 Dewdney av (PO Box 1280) Tel 522-6651 Young
Elmer J (Shirley J) city fireftr hll54 Elphinstone Young Elva Mrs elk
Larrys Confectionery r241 Orchard cres Young Erica elk Cdn Impl
Bank of Com r2169 Smith Young Eva Mrs elk Simpsons-Sears r5626
Dewdney av Young Evelyn studt nurse Regina Grey Nuns Hosp r4101
Dewdney av Young Evelyn Mrs h2030 Francis Young Evelyn Mrs
wtress Hotel Sask hl603 Broad apt 21 Young Evelyn R Mrs elk W J
Sharp & Co h3871 Retallack apt 6 Young Fay E Mrs studt hlllO Fort
Young Frank J (Helene) emp Eutectic Welding h2255 Toronto Young
Frank R (Kath) trucker hl6 Olser pl Young Fredk M (Joan) production
mgr Prairie Metal Products hl213 Minto Young Garry P pntr Dumar
Equip r Blk H Regent ct apt 49 Young Gaylene A elk Cdn Impl Bank
of Com r2825 Rae Young Geo (Myrtle) cab driver Capital Cab r2262
Reynolds Young Geo (Mary) carp hl765 McIntosh
 Young Geo H storekpr Central Stores Purchasing r2314 llav
apt 117 Young Geo J (Jeanne J) programmer Sask Power Corp
h2828 24th av Young Gilbert (Margt E) emp C P Mdse Serv h2507
Edward Young Girvin A (Edith M) mgr James Richardson & Sons hl5
Academy Pk rd Young Gladys elk Sask Govt Tels r2340 Cornwall
Young Gordon elk Sask Wheat Pool rl909 Robinson Young Gordon
slsmn Crown Zellerback Paper r924 Campbell Young Gregory M studt
r3115 McCallum av Young Harold S (Hilda; West 13th Esso Serv)
h3035 Whitmore av Young Harry S (Agnes) servmn Simpson-Sears
h2608 Edgar Young Herbert A (Antionette) mach Sask Power Corp
h2275 Athol Young Hugh R (Marion E) elk PO h2256 Broder Young
Ira pres Northn Realty Management Ltd r Edm Young Irwin R carp
Muttart Homes r704 Queen Young Isabelle Mrs r876 Campbell Young
J A (Helen P) supvr CP Mdse Serv hl20 Bell Young Jack P (Frances)
eng Sask Power Corp h2600 Wallace Young Jacqueline Mrs h Blk L
Regent ct apt 24 Young James D (Myma) treas Prairie Mtl Products
hl4 Forest pi Young James E (Georgina) prin Douglas Park Sch hl860
Cowan cres Young James E (Elva) supvr Cdn Inds h241 Orchard cres
Young Jean E (wid Michl) chf elk Sask Power Corp h230 E Broadway
av apt 11 Young Jeanne J surveyor Cdn Bur of Statistics r2828 24th
av Young John (Evelyn) barmn Royal Cdn Legion r2070 Rose Young
John (Hannah) comnre r33 Stapleford cres Young John (Kath) retd
h4616 4th av Young John retd h2264 Winnipeg Young John E D
(Adeline M) mgr Globelite Batteries Ltd h!363 Aberdeen Young John
H (Appolonia) supt Fed Grain h20 Knight cres Young John M (Gwen)
ins adj D A Scrivener & Co h3216 29th av Young John P (Barbara)
dispr Sask Mtr Club h2657 Rothwell Young Joseph A (Wilhelmine)
comptroller R J Fyfe Equip Ltd h236 College av Young Judith A elk
Hatton’s Record Store rl363 Aberdeen Young Judy E elk Sask Govt
Tels r241 Orchard cres Young Kenneth (Mazy) asst mgr Crescent
Confectionery & Tea Room rl617 14th av Young Kenneth D (Lorraine)
utilitymn Impl Oil Enterprises hl353 Arthur Young Linda E r505
Halifax Young Lionel H (Jean R) carp J K Constn h48 Richardson cres
Young Lloyd H (Dianne) city policemn h4135 Rae apt 1 Young Lois E
Mrs elk Evans Florist r4 Bobolink bay Young Loretta r2728 Argyle
Young Margt E Mrs nurses aide Regina Grey Nuns Hosp r2507
Edward 767 Young Margt J exec sec Cdn Red Cross Soc hl578
Retallack Young Maria Mrs r4125 Rae Young Marie (wid J Fredk)
h2348 Cameron Young Marshall R (Lois) genl mgr Sun Elec Ltd
h3115 McCallum av Young Mary Mrs sten L E Yingst Co rl765
McIntosh Young Mary E F libm Regina Pub Library r2822 Rae Young
Mathew J (Erna T) slsmn Regina Cartage h832 Queen Young Maurice
(Bev) asst mgr McGavins Toastmaster hl742 Arthur Young Max
(Anne) mech Impl Oil Enterprises h606 Williams cres Young Max J
(Carrie) emp J H Bouey Implt Dir h Blk H Regent ct apt 49 YOUNG
MEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION E A KIDD, Pres H D RENDALL,
Treas C HAMILTON GOSSE, Genl Sec GEOFF ANDERSON, Youth
Program See PETER D NOBLE, Boys’ Group Program Sec and Camp
Director MURRAY CAIN, Boys’ Program Sec JOHN M BERNHARDT,
Director of Physical Education COLIN HATCHER, Extension Program
Sec MISS S BEAUCHEMIN, Office Manager 13TH AVENUE at SMITH
TELEPHONE 527-6661 Young Michl J (Marie E) lab Carling Breweries
h2314 11th av apt 117 Young Myrtle A Mrs bkpr Tire Exchange
r4900 Dewdney av apt 2 Young Neil S studt r3035 Whitmore av
Young Nicholas (Marian) mgr Regina Med Laby h833 Pasqua Y'oung
Peter D studt r2059 Argyle Y'oung Peter E r306 Angus Young R Alex
(Doreen L) slsmn Chaseboroug-Ponds Ltd h3842 Rae apt 4 Young
Ray emp Farmland Equip r740 Rae Young Raymond slsmn J I Case
Co rl201 Edgar Young Raymond H (Janette E) formn South Constn
h90 Mclnnis cres Young Riehd N (Doreen) emp Cdn Govt hl218
Walker C Y'oung Robt (Eleanor) acct Bison Petroleum Minerals h2936
19th av Young Robt (Susan E) eng asst Prov Govt Dept of Agrl
h2733 Brode’’ Young Robt studt r833 Pasqua Y'oung Robt studt r832
Queen Young Robt D (Susan E) eng asst Prov Water Resources
Comn hll2 20th av E Young Robt J (Maryann) laby asst Prov Govt
h319 Garnet Young Robt J (Marlene) sec City Fire Dept h741 Royal
Y'oung Ronald T adj Sask Govt Ins Ofc r2065 St John Young
Rosemarie Mrs slswm Grand View Agcy r4 Bond cres Young Roy G
(Donna M) chf of outdoor programming Prov Dept Natural Resources
h2824 Wascana Young Sidney (Audrey) phys Med Arts Clinic hl27
Angus cres Y'oung Stanley (Velma M) lndrymn Regina Genl Hosp
h505 Halifax
 768 Young Stella Mrs mess asst RCMP r3807 Lakeview av
Young Stewart retd h2822 Rae Young Thos M C (Eva) claims insp CN
Exp Frt h5626 Dewdney av Young Valerie graduate nurse Regina
Grey Nuns Hosp rl235 Rae Young Velma M cash Cdn Mtrs r505
Halifax Young Victor J (F Kath) slsmn Comp Pmtrs h2870 Robinson
Young Violet h2363 College av apt 6 Young Violet Mrs elk Gestetner
Ltd h2730 12th av apt 27 Young Violet J (wid Stewart) hl732 College
av apt 6 Young Vivian tchr Regina Pub Sch Bd r20 Knight cres
Y'oung Waldemar emp McClares Constn r704 Queen Young Walter M
(Lois E) slsmn MidWay Steel Promotions h4 Bobolink bay Young
Wanda tech Sheldon-Williams Collegiate r2105 Cornwall apt 16
Young Wilfred L drftsmn PFRA h2121 Smith apt 17 Young Wilhelmina
Mrs mach opr Steen & Wright Furriers r3366 Rae Y'oung Wm emp
Supermatic Car Wash r2507 Edward Young Wm studt r832 Queen
Young Wm H retd h374 Smith Young Winnifred Mrs h2105 Cornwall
apt 16 Y'OUNG WOMEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION ISABEL
RUSSELL, Executive Director TELEPHONE 523-6647 ROOMS
REGISTRY OFFICE MRS M FOX TELEPHONE 522-5435 REGINA
YWCA BUILDING FUND OFFICE 1950 LORNE TELEPHONE 527-9631
Ycunge Norah acct Fuhrmann Meats h2061 Rose apt 9
Younghusband Elsie W Mrs reept Tower Town & Country Beauty
Salon r2908 Queen Y'ounghusband Geo B (Elsie W) dept mgr Westn
Fcty Sis Co Ltd h2908 Queen Younghusband L M (wid Geo) r2Q42
King Youngken Wm baker College Bakery r2939 Robinson Youngson
Alice P Mrs emp Regina Genl Hosp hl610 College av apt 102
Youngson Dorothy sten Cdn Impl Bank of Com r65 McNab cres
Youngson Eula A Mrs binder Sask Govt Printing r2310 Harvey
Youngson Les G D (Muriel) slsmn Neil Mtrs h65 McNab cres
Youngson Wm J (Eula A) asst mgr Hi Land B A Serv h2310 Harvey
Yourechuk Michl (Verna) tech Xerox hl46 Ellison cres Yovichin Joseph
(Mary) farmer h520 Osier Yowney Elsie Mrs McNeill’s Drugs rl951
Halifax Y'owney Sylvester (Elsie) driver SooSecurity Mtrways hl951
Halifax Yuditsky Edw (Rita M) prin Regina Hebrew Sch h96 Bell Yuen
Betty Mrs wtress Lovie’s Gardens r2240 Osier Yuen Frank P (Gail;
Frank’s Komer Kupboard) h3200 Dewdney av Yuen Gail Mrs elk
Frank’s Korner Kupboard r3200 Dewdney Yuen Louie Mrs (Louie’s
Garden Restr) 1755 Scarth st apt 5 Yuen Mary Mrs h715 King Yuen
Peter (Betty) waiter W K Chop Suey h2240 Osier Yuen Wing Yin retd
rl817 Osier Yuen Yee hl735 Rose apt 5 Yuhasz Emil (Lillian) carp
Beaver Lbr Co h3827 Victoria av Yui Shing Yee mgr Exchange Cafe
r2223 Hamilton Y'uill Barbara S tchr Regina Pub Sch Bd r921
Campbell Yuill Flora S Mrs swtchbd opr Bowman Bros h921 Campbell
Yuke Mervyn S Rev (Kathryn A) pastor Bethel Temple h2715
Montreal cres Y'ung Arth L sis trainee John Deere Ltd rl217 Campbell
Yung Irvin Roy r704 Queen Yung Lorenz D (Rhoda) mech Harmels
Esso Serv h2849 23d av Yung Loretta R elk Great West Life
Assurance Co r2728 Argyle Y'ung Margt (wid Wm) h2816
Elphinstone Yung Mary dietry asst Regina Genl Hosp r2175 Osier
Y'ung W drftsmn PFRA r2121 Smith Yunker Albin (Mary H; Yunker
Cabt Makers) hl925 McIntyre Y'unker Cabinet Makers (Albin Yunker)
1925 McIntyre Yunker Georgina br sec Crown Life Ins h2330 15th av
apt 5 Yunker M Judith studt rl925 McIntyre Y'unker M Leah libm
Regina Pub Library rl925 McIntyre Yuristy Elaine sten North Am Life
r2152 Hamilton apt 6 Yuristy Grace L sten London Life Ins Co r2152
Hamilton apt 6 Yuristy Julie Mrs mail elk SimpsonsSears r244 Smith
Yuristy Peter (Julie) whsemn SimpsonsSears h244 Smith Y'urkiw
Margt elk Foodland Ltd rl925 Athol Yurkiw Wm (Ann) driver Bill
Buhani h829 Dewdney av E Y'urkoski Evan studt r2932 25th av
Yurkoski Gordon (Kathleen) mgr Gordons Realty & Ins h2932 25th av
Yurkoski Kathleen Mrs nurse Regina Genl Hosp r2932 25th av
Y'urkowski Kenneth J (Madeleine) tech Impl Oil Ltd rl400 12th av E
apt B4 Yurris Walter T (Jeanne T) admn offr Prov Dept Hwys hl2
Gardiner av Yuzik Terance studt r69 Portland cres Yuzik Theresa Mrs
nurses aide Regina Genl Hosp r69 Portland cres Yuzik Wm (Theresa)
mech Regina White Trucks h69 Portland cres Z Construction Fred W
and Margot Zaps constn 3004 Regina av Zaba Aug J (Eliz) wkr
Stearns Roger hl5 Eddy Zaba Jacob F (Mary) lab Westn Cement
h2138 Lome Zabarowsky Helen Mrs smstrs Eatons r2806 Abbott rd
Zabarowsky Steph (Helen) chf air controller Dept of Transport h2806
Abbott rd Zabarowsky Susan elk Federated Co-op r2806 Albert rd
Zabinsky Helen Mrs dietary maid Regina Genl Hosp r2235 Wascana
 769 Zabinsky Jeanette elk Laurentide Finance Corp r2235
Wascana Zabolotney Audrey M Mrs sten John Howard Soc of Sask
rlOOl McTavish Zabolotney David E (Audrey M) lab B & Co hlOOl
McTavish Zabolotney Paul F emp Hotel Sask rl955 Osier Zach Peter
driver Yellow Cab r518 Victoria av Zacharias Leonard D (Leana) acct
Steam Roger Can Ltd hll2 Cardinal cres Zacharuk Russell Y (Jean)
prof Univ hl61 Champlain dr Zachary Lawrence A (Margt) cred offr
Industrial Developement Bank h3535 Hillsdale apt 11D Zacher Albert
E (Rose B) lndrymn Regina Grey Nuns Hosp h2134 Fleury Zacher Eliz
J Mrs nurses asst Regina Grey Nuns Hosp r2346 Montreal Zacher
James retd r2170 Edgar Zacher Joseph (Katie) jan Can Drug & Book
h2024 Wallace Zacher Julius J (Eliz J) orderly Regina Genl Hosp
h2346 Montreal Zacher Lucy Mrs cln Regina Grey Nuns Hosp r3309
Dewdney av Zacher Margt (wid Peter G) r603 E Mullin av Zacher
Martin butcher Intercontinental Pkrs hl928 Wallace Zacher Mathias
(Albine) tilestr Allied Tiling & FI h2137 Reynolds Zacherl Janice M r20
Osier pi Zachman Frank (Eliz) retd h2507 Reynolds Zachoruk Russell
Y (Jean R) prof Univ hlO Forest pi Zack Steve (Cath) retd h2936
Angus Zack Walter (Eliz) driver Boychuk Constn r518 Victoria av
Zackle Oswald (Evon) opr Bregg Cln & Tailors r29 Ellison cres
Zackrisson Knute W (Gertrude E) farmer h2703 Quinn dr Zadorowski
Joseph tinsmith Edwards Inds rl269 Elliott Zadorowski Kath (wid
Michl) lndrss Hotel Sask hl269 Elliott Zadorozny Ivan electn
Intercontinental Pkrs r2121 Smith apt 5 Zadravec Ivan (Anna; Ivans
Iron Railings) h221 Osier Zagorin Bernard L (Rosalie) asst prof Univ
h88 Bell Zaharia Marie Mrs wtress Sheraton Drake Hotel rl978
Ottawa Zaharia Mervin A emp Westn Steel r2100 College av Zaharik
Bernard per admin Moose Jaw Training Sch r2425 13th av Zaharik
Bessie Mrs (wid Theo) rl729 Winnipeg Zaharik Block apts 902 11th
av Zaharik Gail S sten r902 11th av apt 1 Zaharik Geo lab Bird
Constn hl729 Winnipeg Zaharik Mary emp Bums & Co rl729
Winnipeg Zaharik Mary (wid John) h2425 13th av Zaharik Pauline P
Mrs (Park St Tom Boy) r902 11th av apt 1 Zaharik Steven (Madeline
R) driver Burns & Co hl235 Retallack Zaharik Vassil W (Pauline P;
Park St Tom-Boy) h902 11th av apt 1 Zahariuk Geo (Joyce) ctkr
Plains Mtr Hotel h654 Athol Zahariuk Mary A typ Sask Govt Ins Ofc
rl855 Connaught Zaharuk Geo W studt rl327 Broder Zaharuk Metro
(Annie) retd hl327 Broder Zaharuk Metro (Annie) retd hl327 Brodr er
Zaharuk Stanley P driver Wilkening Transport rl327 Broder
Zaharychuk Julian (Carole) emp IPSCO h200 Toronto Zaharychuk
Wm A (Mary) formn Achen Constn Co hl310 4th av N Zahayko Orest
H equipmn Sask Govt Tels r2205 Angus Zahn Marjory (wid Frank)
r2205 McIntyre Zahn Rosie (wid Anton) h350 Retallack Zahoran Paul
retd rl834 Ottawa Zahorski Bernard P (Eleanor) acct Cdn Junk hll54
Lindsay Zahorski Edw (Lucy) retd hl930 Quebec Zahorski Eleanor
Mrs sec Walter M Logan Co rll54 Lindsay Zahorski Theo E (Audrey)
acct Winspear Higgins Stevenson & Doane h3225 28th av Zaiser
Paulette sten Wilson & Rendek r2266 Rose Zaitz Basil carp L Yaskow
h802 E Dewdney av Zaitz Douglas studt r802 E Dewdney av Zajac
Irene studt rl875 St John Zajac Joseph (Mary) jan Bank of Montreal
hl875 St John Zajac Wm (Helen) wtchmn Bank of Can hl712
Montreal Zak Joseph (Heddy) wldr Westeel Products hl941 Toronto
Zakaluzny Michl (Alice) atndt Regina Gen Hosp hlOOO Walker Zaker
Joseph (Joanne) pntr hl830 Hamilton apt 8 Zakowski Edw (Jean)
acct City r370O McCallum av Zakowski Jean ofc elk Simpsons-Sears
r3700 McCallum av Zakrison Hedwig (wid Martin) rl25 Hamilton
Zaleski Edna lab studt Regina Grey Nuns Hosp r2076 Scarth Zalinko
Harold N (Lillian M) detective City Police h2460 Wallace Zalinko
Lillian M Mrs elk Woolworths r2460 Wallace Zalinko Nickolas (Ellen)
ctkr Procter pi hl27 Procter pi apt 2 Zalinko Russell P (Barbara) tchr
Balfour Tech Sch h361 Marsh cres Zalkind Boris (Rose) retd h2051
Ottawa Zalusky Elie E (Rose R) lab City Eng Dept hl852 Quebec
Zalusky James W (Christine) trucker h4G3 Froom cres Zalusky Rose
R Mrs elk Bank of Nova Scotia rl852 Quebec Zalusky Wm (Mary) retd
h4124 Regina av Zalutzki Annie Mrs rl663 Montreal Zalys Walter
(Theresa) millwright Kalium Chem rl400 12th av E trailer No E22
Zamleck Alex emp Hashmans Constn r2058 Toronto Zamleck Mervin
emp Hashman Constn r2058 Toronto Zamniuk Nick sht mtl wkr
Monarch Plmb & Htg Co Ltd rl434 Lindsay Zampese Adua drapery
opr Eatons r2709 Winnipeg Zampese John (Rina) carp Belmar
Constn h2709 Winnipeg Zampese Loredana library aide Regina Grey
Welcome to our website – the ideal destination for book lovers and
knowledge seekers. With a mission to inspire endlessly, we offer a
vast collection of books, ranging from classic literary works to
specialized publications, self-development books, and children's
literature. Each book is a new journey of discovery, expanding
knowledge and enriching the soul of the reade

Our website is not just a platform for buying books, but a bridge
connecting readers to the timeless values of culture and wisdom. With
an elegant, user-friendly interface and an intelligent search system,
we are committed to providing a quick and convenient shopping
experience. Additionally, our special promotions and home delivery
services ensure that you save time and fully enjoy the joy of reading.

Let us accompany you on the journey of exploring knowledge and

personal growth!

ebookname.com