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 TECH GIRLS
TITLES IN THIS SERIES

Careers for
TECH GIRLS IN COMPUTER SCIENCE

Careers for
TECH GIRLS IN ENGINEERING

Careers for

Careers for
TECH GIRLS IN MATH

Careers for

TECH GIRLS IN
TECH GIRLS IN SCIENCE

Careers for
TECH GIRLS IN TECHNOLOGY

MATH
Careers for
TECH GIRLS IN VIDEO GAME

DEVELOPMENT
HAGLER
ROSEN
New York
Published in 2016 by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc.
29 East 21st Street, New York, NY 10010

Copyright © 2016 by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc.

First Edition

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing
from the publisher, except by a reviewer.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Hagler, Gina, author.

Careers for tech girls in math / Gina Hagler. -- First edition.
pages cm.—(Tech girls)
Audience: Grades 7 to 12.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4994-6101-5 (library bound)
1. Mathematics—Vocational guidance--Juvenile literature. 2. Mathematicians—Juvenile literature. I.
Title.
QA10.5.H34 2016
510.23—dc23
2014043134

Manufactured in the United States of America

 CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION........................................................................ 4
C hapter one
MAKING IT BIG IN MATH: CAREER FIELDS.................................. 7

C hapter two
STATISTICS AND FINANCE: USING
NUMBERS TO TELL A STORY................................................. 14
C hapter three
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND CRYPTOLOGY:
SPOTTING PATTERNS............................................................ 22
C hapter four
EDUCATING OTHERS: SHARING YOUR LOVE OF MATH............. 29

C hapter five
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS: USING MATH
TO IMAGINE POSSIBILITIES AND SOLVE PROBLEMS................37

C hapter six
OPERATIONS RESEARCH AND OPTIMIZATION
ENGINEERING: MATH TO THE RESCUE.................................... 44
C hapter seven
GETTING YOUR FIRST JOB..................................................... 51

C hapter eight
LIFELONG LEARNING: ADVANCING UP THE LADDER................ 59
GLOSSARY........................................................................... 66
FOR MORE INFORMATION..................................................... 68
FOR FURTHER READING........................................................ 73
BIBLIOGRAPHY..................................................................... 75
INDEX.................................................................................. 77
Introduction
I
t may sound silly—it’s certainly difficult for most
women to understand—but mathematics has
historically been seen as a career field for men
only. Why not women, too? Because traditional
wisdom has it that girls and women are not good at
math. Given the many math-related achievements
by women you’ll read about in these pages, you’ll
quickly see that this is simply not true. Women
are just as good in math as men. Women also
find careers in mathematics to be rewarding,
challenging, and worthy of their time and energy.
The “math is not for girls” stereotype is definitely
one that was not only incorrect from the start, it has
undoubtedly outlived its usefulness!
Danica McKellar is one woman who has already
disproven the stereotype that math is just for men.
She’s also working to disprove a related stereotype—
that a “math girl” must be unattractive or an
unappealing “math nerd.” McKellar is an American
actress who played the role of Winnie Cooper on The
Wonder Years and Elsie Snuffin in the fourth season
of The West Wing. She’s appeared in several other
television shows, as well as on Dancing with the Stars.
McKellar is also a mathematician who graduated
from UCLA summa cum laude with a degree in
mathematics. The British Journal of Physics and the
New York Times have honored her for her work as
coauthor of a mathematical physics theorem known as
the Chayes-McKellar-Winn theorem. She is a three-time

4
 INTRODUCTION

Danica McKellar is an American actress, mathematician,

and author who believes that math is for girls and that
“Smart is sexy!”

5
CAREERS FOR TECH GIRLS IN MATH

best-selling New York Times author, a mom, and an

advocate of the ideas that “Smart is sexy!” and that girls
who love math don’t have to be “math nerds.”
McKellar says on her website that it fits her
personality to be both an entertainer and a
mathematician because each role appeals to a
different aspect of her personality. In a 2011 blog
post, she reacted to a magnet offered by the store
Forever 21. The magnet said, “I’m Too Pretty to Do
Math.” After suggesting some alternative slogans,
McKellar wrote, “I mean, really? We’re still promoting
the idea that somehow looks and smarts are mutually
exclusive . . . It’s like we’re living in the Stone Age
with regard to these stereotypes.”
McKellar isn’t the only woman who is not ashamed
to proclaim her love of math and make the best of her
ability in mathematics. One of the 2014 winners of
the most prestigious prize in mathematics, the Fields
Medal, is a woman. The first person to effectively use
a pie chart was a woman. Women played key roles in
the early days of computer science. In fact, women
have played important roles in math and other STEM
(science, technology, engineering, and mathematics)
fields throughout time.
So what does it take to be a woman in the field
of mathematics? First, you need to be confident in
yourself and your abilities. Then, you need to seek
out opportunities to gain the experience you need.
Finally, you need a commitment to lifelong learning so
you can remain current with advances in your chosen
field. The pages that follow will tell you more.

6
 C hapter one

MAKING IT BIG IN
MATH: CAREER FIELDS

M
athematics is an excellent career field because
it includes so many different opportunities.
Mathematical skills and a love of numbers
can be used when pursuing a career as an educator,
a financial analyst, or a manager of a fleet of cars or
ships. A facility with numbers can also be used to
tell a story, spot a pattern, or imagine things that are
currently not possible.
For years, girls were not encouraged to take the
same rigorous mathematics classes as boys because
it was believed women were not as good in math as
men. As a result, girls entering college lacked the
knowledge base needed for the courses required in
disciplines like engineering and the sciences.
Recent studies have proven that girls are just as
good in math as boys—if not better. The stereotype
that they are not dates back to a generation when
many women didn’t pursue careers outside the
home or even attend college. At that time, it was also
nearly unheard of for a woman to pursue a career in
a math-related field. We now recognize that women’s
perceived incompetence in mathematics was due to
their inadequate preparation in the subject.

7
CAREERS FOR TECH GIRLS IN MATH

The stereotype that girls are not good in math dates back
to a time when most girls did not go on to college. Of those
who did, virtually none went into math-related fields.

8
 MAKING IT BIG IN MATH: CAREER FIELDS

Today, boys and girls are exposed to a variety of

mathematical concepts from an early age. Girls are
expected to perform as well in math as boys with
the predictable outcome that some girls will have an
aptitude for and interest in math while some girls will
not. That’s no different than the case with boys. What
is different is that girls today are more likely than ever
before to be encouraged to seek help with concepts
they don’t understand so that they can go on to be
successful in mathematics and pursue careers in
related fields.

THE GLASS CEILING

For years, women have been bumping their heads on the glass
ceiling—an unofficial career limit that isn’t applied equally.
A glass ceiling isn’t written about in corporate handbooks or
discussed at new employee orientations. There are no policies
in place that spell out who is subject to this limitation or what
needs to be done to work around it. It’s a limit that exists
because of tradition, stereotypes, or prejudice.
For women, the glass ceiling is one important factor that
determines how far they can rise at a company or in a chosen
field. For years, the glass ceiling meant there were no female
Supreme Court justices, senators, chief financial officers, or chief
executive officers.
The glass ceiling is still a source of frustration today because
it’s difficult to overcome an obstacle that isn’t acknowledged. To
break the glass ceiling, a woman must be an effective advocate
for herself.

9
CAREERS FOR TECH GIRLS IN MATH

MATH-RELATED CAREERS
Pursuing a career in math doesn’t require sitting at
a calculator all day. Many who work in mathematical
careers work with statistics or financial reports. Some
evaluate the risk in different types of investments.
Others use numbers to determine which sector of
a market is doing well, how quickly a disease is
spreading, whether practices that have been put in
place are resulting in better quality, or what the data
collected in a census tells about a population.

Women can pursue a career in many fields of math.

Teaching is one of them.

10
 MAKING IT BIG IN MATH: CAREER FIELDS

Those in math-related careers may work in the

fields of computer science or cryptology. Mathematics
educators work at all levels of the education system,
from pre-K right on through the graduate level. There
are also professionals using math for research and to
create theories that test the limits of what we currently
know. Still others make use of their mathematical
prowess to create models that make it simpler to
manage large groups of items efficiently.

ADVOCATING FOR
YOURSELF

Advocating for yourself is an essential part of doing well in

your career. A woman who advocates for herself is not being
aggressive or pushy. She is being proactive and speaking
up for herself—whether that involves asking for a raise,
investigating opportunities that will add to her skill set, joining
associations and seeking to head committees, or asking for
tuition assistance for courses that are relevant to her field.
A woman who advocates for herself effectively is confident
in her abilities. Since she knows that she is in charge of her
career, she has a career plan and works to gain the required
experience. When she makes a request, she backs it up with
related information that provides support for that request. She
is a hard worker who is respected by her peers, sought after as
a mentor, recognized in her field, and successful in creating a
satisfying career.

11
CAREERS FOR TECH GIRLS IN MATH

PLAN OF STUDY
Preparation for a career in mathematics begins in
high school, if not before, with classes that include
algebra I and II, geometry, pre-calculus, and calculus.
Students may also take the most rigorous AP math
courses that can count for college credit. Some
school systems begin high school mathematics for
eligible students in middle school. Check with your
guidance counselor to see what is possible.
Straight mathematics courses are not the only
courses that will prepare you for further study in
mathematics. Many high schools offer accounting,
engineering, chemistry, physics, and statistics

It’s important for girls to take rigorous math classes.

Some of the material will make sense right away. Some
of it will not. That’s just the same as it is for boys.

12
 MAKING IT BIG IN MATH: CAREER FIELDS

courses. Each of these makes use of math. It may

also be possible to take classes in marketing or
sociology. These classes interpret the numbers
included in reports.
Some high schools have signature programs
in math. In these programs, there are stringent
requirements for the classes and related classes
that must be completed. AP coursework is also
often required. Some school systems have magnet
schools for mathematics. There is generally a test for
admission. Those who score within the range and
cannot have their needs met at their high school may
be able to attend. Magnet programs in math and
science often include classes in discrete mathematics,
linear algebra, and complex analysis. If your high
school doesn’t offer these types of classes, check with
your guidance counselor to see if it’s possible to take
them for credit at your community college.
If you’re not sure you’re ready for all of these math
classes, don’t worry. Start at the beginning and see
where your interests and ability take you. Don’t give up
if you need help to master some of the concepts. The
most important thing is to get the basics of algebra
and geometry. These two disciplines will be used over
and over again throughout your math career.
You can check with prospective colleges,
association sites, or the career counselor at school
to learn which math classes are required for the
college major you’re considering. You will likely need
to complete college-level classes in the math you
took in high school. You will also take probability and
statistics. Your electives may include sampling theory,
partial differential equations, or thermodynamics—it will
depend upon the specific major.

13
 C hapter two

STATISTICS AND
FINANCE: USING
NUMBERS TO TELL
A STORY

T
hose with careers in statistics and finance use
numbers to tell a story. It might be the story of
how well one group is doing in a subject versus
another. It might be the story of which branch of a
company is struggling and which is not. Professionals
in these fields are not only able to tell a story with
numbers, they are able to interpret the numbers
to learn about what’s happening. In this way, a
page of numbers and percentages is analyzed and
interpreted before an explanation using the numbers
is shared with others. It’s the job of the statistician or
financial analyst to present her findings in a way that
is accessible to the audience for the results.

STATISTICS
The American Statistical Association (ASA) defines
statistics as “the science of learning from data, and

14
 STATISTICS AND FINANCE: USING NUMBERS TO TELL A STORY

Statistics play a key role in the pharmaceutical industry,

where new drugs must undergo thorough testing before
being brought to market.

of measuring, controlling, and communicating uncer-

tainty . . .” Statisticians apply their methods to ques-
tions and problems in business, science, and public
health. It’s up to them to decide which factors should
be examined, how large the sample should be, and
how results will be tabulated and shared with others.
Medicine is one field that utilizes statisticians.
Before a new drug or medication can be brought
to the market, a series of trials—tests—must be

15
CAREERS FOR TECH GIRLS IN MATH

performed. The last of the trials is performed on

humans. Data is collected to see how well those
taking the medication do compared to people
with similar characteristics who didn’t receive the
medication. Statistics are used to compare the
study to other studies that have been done or are
underway. By using the data to produce meaningful
statistics, a great deal of information can be
effectively studied and shared.
Other fields that employ statisticians are
agriculture, engineering, manufacturing, and
insurance. In the insurance field, actuaries use
figures about life expectancy under a variety of
circumstances to set rates for insurance policies. In
agriculture, engineering, and manufacturing, statistics
are used to assess the success of different types of
crops, the effectiveness of new engineering systems,
and the success of changes in the manufacturing
process. The government employs statisticians for
work related to the census, public health, and the
criminal justice system. It is their work that helps to
determine the course of public policy.
To become a statistician, you must complete
coursework in English, mathematics, and computer
science in high school. These are important so that
you’ll know how to write a report, calculate the
necessary figures, and make use of a computer for
research and calculations. In college you’ll need to
take classes in statistics and applied mathematics.
Some positions will require a master’s degree or
more. You can see what’s required for what you’d
like to do by looking at the requirements for various
degrees on a university website. Be sure also to
consult the ASA website.

16
 STATISTICS AND FINANCE: USING NUMBERS TO TELL A STORY

FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE
AND SANITARY REFORM
THROUGH STATISTICS
Florence Nightingale was not only the founder of modern nursing,
she was the first to use a pie chart to make her numbers easier
to understand. According to her statistics, more soldiers were
killed by cholera, typhus, and dysentery during the Crimean War
(continued on the next page)

Florence Nightingale’s use of these charts helped to bring

about changes in hospitals worldwide.

17
CAREERS FOR TECH GIRLS IN MATH

(continued from the previous page)

(1853–1856) than were killed during battle. Nightingale wanted

to bring better sanitary practices to military hospitals. To do that,
she needed the people reading her reports to understand just how
serious the situation was.
Nightingale created a pie chart with a slice for each month.
The more deaths that occurred that month, the farther that slice
of the pie stuck out. Each slice also had a section for deaths from
wounds, “other causes,” and disease. It was easy to see that
disease killed more soldiers than any other cause. Something had
to be done to improve conditions in the military hospitals if the
men were to survive.

FINANCE
Those with a career in finance make use of the
numbers prepared by others. They may receive
reports from accounting, an investment company, or
individuals seeking credit. In their role as a financial
adviser or analyst, they use the numbers they receive
to “read” the story told by those numbers. The story
the numbers tell is the basis for their decision.
A financial analyst working in the treasury
department of a large firm may be required to assess
the performance of the company’s investments. Has
the money invested earned a good return? How
does that return compare to that earned by others?
Was the return worth the risk? What alternative
investments might have been made? Were there
other uses of that money that would have gained
returns that were more beneficial to the company?

18
 STATISTICS AND FINANCE: USING NUMBERS TO TELL A STORY

A financial adviser works with a couple to discuss their

current finances, future goals, and tolerance for risk in
their investments.

A financial adviser working with an individual or

couple performs a similar function. The difference is
that the adviser will use the results of the individual’s
or couple’s investments. Loan officers look at an
applicant’s credit history to decide whether or not
a loan is a good use of the bank’s or credit union’s
money. The rate to be charged on the loan will also
be decided based upon the loan officer’s assessment
of the numbers.
Financial analysts are also involved when a
company or government agency must decide between
two projects that require a large investment. By using

19
CAREERS FOR TECH GIRLS IN MATH

their skills with numbers, financial analysts examine

the total costs, all the risks, and the other options
open for those funds. When their analysis is complete,
they present their findings to the people who will make
the final decision.

USING ENERGY RETURN

ON INVESTMENT TO
EVALUATE ALTERNATIVE
ENERGY SOURCES
The results of financial models such as ROI and EROI are
invaluable to decision makers faced with choosing between
attractive investment opportunities.
The return on investment (ROI) considers all the costs,
including interest, associated with a project. This is done for
each proposed project and investment. The results are then
compared to the ROI of all other possible projects to determine
which is the best use of the money available.
The energy return on investment (EROI) is used to evaluate the
true costs associated with the production of energy. It considers
both the monetary and energy inputs that go into the production of
a kilowatt-hour or a gallon of gas. By using the EROI it’s possible
to look at the energy that goes into the energy that comes out.
With this knowledge, decision makers can decide whether an
attractive alternative energy source is actually spending more
energy that it creates.

20
 STATISTICS AND FINANCE: USING NUMBERS TO TELL A STORY

To major in finance, you must take classes

in statistics, business management, finance,
economics, and accounting. The accounting
classes are essential to your understanding of
the financial statements you will study when
determining the health of a company. The statistics
and finance classes will prepare you for your work
with numbers. Economics classes will give you
the necessary understanding in the way different
segments of the economy or a company work
together. There are also many certifications that
will qualify you for specific work as you progress in
your career.

21
 C hapter three

COMPUTER SCIENCE
AND CRYPTOLOGY:
SPOTTING PATTERNS
C
omputer science and cryptology are two
mathematical careers that involve the use of
patterns. Computer scientists create computer
programs, also known as algorithms, to help spot
patterns in data. In cryptology, a message is hidden in a
code. The basis of this code is the pattern that is used
to create and decipher the message. Cybersecurity—
the type of security used to keep information safe on
electronic devices and the Internet—is also based upon
a pattern. The trick is that the pattern must be complex
enough not to be easily broken.

COMPUTER SCIENCE
Computer science professionals use a branch of
mathematics known as logic in their work. They do
not build the physical systems; their job is to create
the software that will make the hardware work
together in the desired way. They do this by writing
programs to perform tasks and calculations. These
programs are often part of larger systems.

22
 COMPUTER SCIENCE AND CRYPTOLOGY: SPOTTING PATTERNS

Some computer scientists work in AI (artificial

intelligence). They model human thought patterns
with the goal of eventually creating programs with the
capacity to learn and adapt. Expert systems are a form
of AI that is used to help with diagnosis. Symptoms
are entered, and the program asks for additional
information or returns a list of potential illnesses.
Computer scientists also work in the field of robotics.
The computer scientist isn’t the person building the
robot or its circuits. The computer scientist is the person
writing the programs that instruct robots. These robots
are not like the robots in the movies. They don’t roam
around on their own. Robots today are used on the

A computer scientist writes the programs that control

the operation of robotic arms like this one.

23
CAREERS FOR TECH GIRLS IN MATH

assembly line to perform specific tasks, like attaching a

car door to its hinges or testing various components of
a mechanical system. They may even speak. When they
do, the tasks they perform will be determined by their
programming.
A career in computer science may be a good fit for
you if you enjoy working through a problem step by step.
As you pursue a degree in computer science, you must
complete a number of logic and programming courses

GRACE HOPPER,
THELMA ESTRIN
When computers were first invented, instructions were given
and results were delivered in binary code: strings of 0s and 1s.
It made communicating with a computer very tedious. The first
computer language—a way to communicate with the computer
in words rather than digits—was created in 1947 by mathemat-
ical genius Rear Admiral Grace Hopper. By doing this, she forever
changed the way we relate to computers.
Dr. Thelma Estrin was awarded a 1977 IEEE Life Fellow “for
contributions to the design and application of computer systems
for neurophysiological and brain research.” One of the pioneers
in the field of biomedicine, she performed studies of EEG read-
ings in people with epilepsy. In her acceptance speech for the
Society of Women Engineers, Estrin said that she did not know a
woman engineer until she became one herself.
It’s fortunate that these women had the confidence to pursue
their passion in math.

24
 COMPUTER SCIENCE AND CRYPTOLOGY: SPOTTING PATTERNS

at the college level. As you fulfill the requirements for

the major, you are able to take elective courses. During
these electives, you may discover that writing systems
and programs for biomedical devices is the specialty
that appeals most to you. It may be that creating soft-
ware systems for equipment used in the space program
or the programs behind smart presentation screens
used in school is more your thing. It could be that cre-
ating video games or navigation systems is what you’d
like to do. Or, it could be that you want to write comput-
er programs to support those looking for answers to the
secrets of the universe.

CRYPTOLOGY
Cryptology is a highly specialized field. Cryptologists
use codes, puzzles, or cryptograms to protect
information. That information may belong to a
government, a business, or an individual. Whichever
it is, the cryptologist uses her skillset to make the
code protecting that information as difficult to crack
as possible. A cryptologist also uses her skillset to
crack the code on information belonging to entities
that may wish to do harm to a government, business,
or individual.
Governments use cryptologists to encode sensitive
information. It may be as simple as the travel plans
for the president or as complicated as the design of
a new weapons system. It may also be as routine a
task as encoding the information that is used to deliver
Social Security and other government payments to
recipients. In each situation, a cryptologist, or team of
cryptologists, will decide upon the precise details and
the exact code. Because many samples of a code may
make it easier to crack, codes are changed frequently.

25
CAREERS FOR TECH GIRLS IN MATH

These cryptology technicians are checking the

encrypted signal being sent by an aircraft carrier.

Businesses also use cryptologists to encode

sensitive information. This may include the information
given to them when a customer applies for a credit
card. It may include the information captured during
a debit or credit card transaction. It may also include
the deposits made to the bank at the end of each
day. None of this is information that is public. All of it
is private. It is essential that this information is kept
secure, especially as it travels over computer networks
that are not under the control of the business. To ensure
this, the information is encrypted. The information won’t

26
 COMPUTER SCIENCE AND CRYPTOLOGY: SPOTTING PATTERNS

THE WOMEN OF
BLETCHLEY PARK
During World War II, Bletchley Park mansion in England was
home to a team known as the Codebreakers. Members of this
team were recruited because they were either in the military,
were from families known by the British government to be trust-
worthy, or could complete a difficult crossword puzzle in less
(continued on the next page)

The women of Bletchley Park were mostly young. Many

were amazingly fast at solving puzzles.

27
CAREERS FOR TECH GIRLS IN MATH

(continued from the previous page)

than twelve minutes. The Codebreakers were tasked with break-

ing the codes used by the enemies of the Allied forces.
The entire operation was classified and kept secret, but we
know today that the Codebreakers were very successful. They
were even able to use their knowledge of Hitler’s codes to send
him disinformation and throw him off the track on D-Day! We
also know that nearly 90 percent of these essential workers
were young women and teenage girls who were summoned
by letter, reported to Bletchley Park, and performed a job that
helped to shorten the war by nearly two years.

be useful unless both the sending and receiving party

have the proper information in place.
If you enjoy puzzles, cryptograms, and ciphers, a
career in cryptology might be just right for you. You
will need to major in math, computer science, or in-
formation technology. You may be able to take some
classes in cryptology at the undergraduate level, but
most of your coursework in cryptology will be done at
the graduate level.

28
 C hapter four

EDUCATING OTHERS:
SHARING YOUR LOVE
OF MATH
S
ome say teachers are born. Others say teach-
ers are made. Whatever the case, if you love to
share an elegant solution or explain the way a
problem in mathematics works, a career as a math
educator could be perfect for you. Math teachers
work in preschools, elementary schools, middle
schools, and high schools, and at the university level.
They are the people who bring mathematical con-
cepts to life for their students by sharing their passion
for math.
You can pursue a career as a teacher by earning
a degree in education with an emphasis in math. You
may also be able to earn a degree in mathematics
and then complete coursework that will qualify you to
teach. Check with your local school district to see its
requirements. These requirements may differ depend-
ing upon the grades you plan to teach. Certification
and licensing requirements vary by state, so be cer-
tain to see what you’ll need to teach the grade you
have in mind in the state you plan to teach in.

29
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1161 Alma Wright. Luke,
born March 19, 1803, died April 20, 1831, married Jerusha Boynton;
his children were Manly and Jackson. John, born March 28, 1805,
died in 1826. Millicent, born September 5, 1807, died in 1826.
Stephen A., born October 4, 1809, died in 1888. Betsy Shepard, born
in 1812, died in Bay City in 1876. Lysander Curtis, born April 6,
1814. Daniel Bonesteel, born April 19, 1816, died in Bay City in
1875. Samuel W., born September 24, 1818. Rosina, born November
7, 1821, died in 1886. Following is the genealogj' of the Bonesteel
family on the maternal side of the house: Nicholas Bonesteel, born
in Germany about 1695, emigrated to Dutchess county, N. Y., United
States of America, about 1720, died near Troy, N. Y., about 1788;
was a farmer nearKhinebeck, N. Y.; had five song — Jacob, Philip,
Nicholas, Jeremiah and David — and several daughters; he had only
one brother, David. David, brother of Nicholas, came from Germany,
and the descendants of the two brothers are a great race, on both
sides of the Hudson river, from New York City to Troy from 1700,
now numerous in Ontario, Cattaraugus and Niagara counties, N. Y.,
and in Northern Pennsylvania. Philip Bonesteel, born in Dutchess
county, N. Y., 1753, thence removed, about 1755, to Florida,
Montgomery Co., N. Y., had eleven children, and died September 17,
1848, aged ninety-four years ; was with the Shakers at West
Pittsfield, Mass.; he was forty-three years a Shaker, and was known
as " Father Philip." He married, in 1775, Elizabeth Ray, born in
Dutchess county, N. Y., 1754, married in her native count}', died in
Benton, Yates Co., N. Y., 1814, aged about sixty years. She had
brothers, Mathias and Christian; sisters, Margaret (Stirzees), Mary
(Pettit), Catherine (Roland). Their father, Christian Ray, born in
Germany before 1700, immigrated to America about 1720 in a
sailing vessel, the trip from land to land occupying eleven months,
and buried one child at sea; settled in Dutchess county, N. Y.; kept
hotel on main thoroughfare, and often entertained General
Washington. Himself and wife died just after Revolutionary War. Wife
unknown. The sons and daughters of Philip Bonesteel and Elizabeth
Ray were Philip, second, married Roland, had a few sons and
daughters, removed to Wisconsin. Elizabeth married John Shepard,
children: Paul, Silas, Luke, John, Betsey, Lysander, Samuel and
Rosina, Stephen. John married three times, had twenty-two children;
first family in Cattaraugus county, N. Y.; second family, in
Pennsylvania ; third family, in Niagara, N. Y. Sarah married John Gay,
descendants at or near Albion, Mich. Luke married; very small family,
in West. Amos married; very small family, Wisconsin. Mary married
Benjamin Wood, eleven children. Anna married Samuel Carley and
then George L. Carley; large family, Oswego county, N. Y. Nicholas
married Miss Squire, then married Miss Fosdick; large family,
Cattaraugus county, N. Y. Asenath, married Ebenezer Pettit; three
daughters and one son, all dead, Livingston countys N. Y. The
children of Benjamin Wood and Mary Bonesteel : Elmira married
John S. Bristol, both dead ; one daughter and two sons. Mary Ann
married Ezra Cornell (deceased), of whom Cornell College took
 1162 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. its name ; nine
children, three sons and two daughters now living, at Ithaca, N. Y.
Lydia died unmarried. Orrin Squire married Mary I. Mitchell ; married
Julia Forbes; married Mrs. Anna Dodd ; two daughters and one son,
at Staten Island, N. Y. Merritt L. married Caroline B. Sage; no
children; Micanopy, Florida. Emily married Jonathan Dunham; two
daughters and one son, at Valley Springs, South Dakota. Harriet
(deceased) married Jonathan Dunham. Caroline died unmarried.
Norman B. married Anna Spencer; two daughters living. Otis Eddy
married Olive A. Houtz ; two sons living, Ithaca, N. Y. Cordelia M.
married Alonzo Chase; three daughters, Eedfield, South Dakota. DE.
SILAS EATON SHEPAKD, son of John and Elizabeth Shepard, was a
native of Utica, Oneida Co., N. Y., born of Puritan blood, and from
the public schools was a student at the academy in Norwich, N. Y.,
and while at this school turned from the Congregational to the
Baptist Church. He came to Shamokin, this State, as a teacher when
eighteen, and the same year became a preacher and entered upon
the long work of fifty-eight years that marked his course in life. He
married in 1821, at Washingtonville, Pa., Nancy Lake; visited Canton
in 1825, located there in 1827, and purchased a "farm in Armenia;
was regularly preaching at the church in Canton. At this time Dr.
Alexander Campbell became known to the world, and Rev. Dr.
Shepard accepted Campbell's theological views, and began that
thorough course of studying Latin, Greek and Hebrew that soon
made him a famous scholar. In 1828 he began preaching in
Smithfield and other places in western Bradford. In 1834 he moved
to Auburn, N. Y., editing, the next four years, the Primitive Christian.
While here he attacked the prison system and effected a revolution
therein; returned to Troy in 1839, and practiced medicine four years
as a homeopath. In 1843 he went to Cincinnati, and was present at
Campbell's and Rice's discussion; then returned to Troy and in
conjunction with his son Milton preached in Canton, Granville and
Smithfield. In 1850 he was called to the pastorate of the Church of
the Disciples on Seventeenth street, New York, and was here eight
years ; while here he became a member of the American Bible Union
for translating the Scriptures, and his translations rank unexcelled.
The death of his son Milton recalled him to Troy June 1, 1853; there
he built the house now Hon. Delos Rockwell's. In 1858 he made the
tour of Europe, Egypt and the Holy Land. On his return he spent
1861-62 as pastor of the Central Christian Church, of Cincinnati,
when he returned to Troy and now divided his time between this
place and New York, at work at the Bible Union, and lecturing. In
1864 he was candidate for State Senator on the People's ticket, and
with his party was defeated. In 1865 he went to Indianapolis, and
was pastor of a" church in that place, and in 1867 he took charge of
the new Hiram College of Ohio— a self-educated man at the head of
a great institution of learning ! He was now called to Troy by the
illness of his wife, and again took up his abode and the work of
preaching, and his pen was busy writing those strong and vigorous
articles that marked the columns of the Christian Standard and the
Christian Quarterly of which he was
 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1163 one of the
founders, editing the latter many years ; and of the good man gone
it was well said: " Know ve not that there is a prince and a great
man fallen this day in Israel ? " DR. SAMUEL W. SHEPARD was born
in New Berlin, Chenango (then Broome) Co., N. Y. When one year
old his parents moved to Pittsfield, Mass., where he attended school
from five until ten years of age; thence went to Virgil, Cortland Co.,
N. Y., remaining one winter; thence to Bradford county, attending
school in Canton and Granville townships until fifteen years of age ;
thence traveled through Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, Missouri,
Kentucky, Virginia, and returned in January, 1838, after nearly four
years spent in the then "far West." He married Amanda, daughter of
Scovil Bailey, of Granville, and settled on a farm; having studied
medicine several years in various ways as Regular, Thomsonian or
Eclectic, he commenced the practice in a small neighborhood, and,
in 1840, studied Homeopathy under his brother, Silas E. Shepard, M.
D., who was in practice in Troy. His brother removing to New York
City, Dr. Samuel took his practice in western Bradford, and has
continued with wonderful success until the present time ; but now,
being in his seventy-third year, he cares not to be burdened with the
sick. In politics, always a Democrat. He has held all of the township
offices, from school director to justice of the peace, and was three
years county auditor; in 1855 he was the Democratic nominee for
Representative, receiving every vote in Troy township and borough,
but a coalition of the Free-Soilers and Whigs defeated the
Democrats. In religion he is a Disciple. Dr. S. W. Shepard and
Amanda Bailey were joined in wedlock, September 2, 1838. She was
a daughter of Scovil and Jerusha (Hail) Bailey, of Granville township,
formerly of Connecticut, and of this marriage were four children ;
the eldest, Jerusha E., born October 27, 1841, married May 7, 1872,
William J. Hillis, M. D., of Herrick, who died in 1888. She has three
children — two daughters and one son. Lovina, born September 25,
1844, married H. M. Spalding, son of Andrew Spalding, of Canton ;
they have four children — one daughter and three sons. O'Meara,
born in 1847, of Granville Centre, a farmer, has three sons, Earnest,
Samuel and George,of Granville Centre, and Philena, married
toA.M.Wooster, of Granville ; they are now living in Troy. Mrs.
Wooster has three sons, making thirteen grandchildren, all healthy
and understanding the principles of homeopathy. The Doctor has but
one brother now living, out of eleven children — eight sons and
three daughters. The brother, Lysander Curtis Shepard, Esq., was
born in April, 1814, and never remembers of being confined to the
house one day by sickness. He has lived at Fallbrook, Tioga Co., Pa.,
about thirty-five years, except six years in Raleigh, N. C. When at
Fallbrook he held the office of justice of the peace the entire time
while there. He has three sons and one daughter living, having lost
two daughters. The Doctor's relatives are very numerous on the
maternal and paternal sides, living in every State of the Union.
MOBRIS SHEPAKD, ex-sheriff, Towanda, and one of the most
prominent farmers of Bradford county, has been county
commissioner and recently turned over the office of sheriff to his
successor. He was
 1164 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. born April 18,
1838, in Wells township, where is his fine farm, a son of Nathan and
Jane (Case) Shepard, natives of New Jersey and of English and
Scotch descent, respectively. His parents were agriculturists who
came to Bradford county in 1836, and located in Wells township on
their farm, where the father died in 1862, and reared a family of six
children, all of whom grew to their majority. Our subject, who is the
third in the order of birth, and was on the old homestead working as
a farmer's boy, and attending the schools in about their average way
and manner, commenced life for himself with no other hope or
ambition than that of being a good farmer. But his neighbors found
him out in time, and by their suffrage made him county
commissioner, serving a term with distinguished credit, and returned
to his farm and private life ; but in 1887 they again called on him to
stand for sheriff, and he was elected. His farm is 186 acres of choice
land in a high state of cultivation, the whole the proud product of his
own energy and patient toil. He was married in Wells township, May
10, 1862, to Mary Jewell, daughter of Rev. Joel Jewell, minister of
the Presbyterian Church, and to this marriage have been born
children as follows : Charles N., Perry (died aged three years) and
Orpha May. The family worship at the Presbyterian Church. Mr.
Shepard is a member of Trojan Lodge, No. 306, F. and A. M., Troy,
Pa., and is a stanch Republican. O'MEARA SHEPARD, farmer, P. 0.
Granville Centre, was born in Granville township, this county, March
30, 1847, a son of Dr. Samuel W. and Amanda (Bailey) Shepard. His
maternal grandparents, Scovil and Jerusha (Hale) Bailey, natives of
Connecticut, were pioneers of Granville, where they settled in 1801.
The subject of this memoir was reared in Granville, received a
public-school education and learned the carpenter's trade, which he
followed ten years. In 1878 he located in LeRoy township, where he
was engaged in farming five years, and has occupied his present
farm in Granville township since 1883. He married, November 24,
1869, Jennie, daughter of William and Roselta M. (FitzGerald)
Bunyan, of Granville. Mrs. Shepard's father, who was a native of
Melrose, Scotland, a carpenter by trade, settled in Granville about
1838, and cleared the farm on what is known as Bunyan Hill, now
occupied by his sons, Andrew and George, and died there. His wife
was a native of New York, and by her he had eleven children : Mary
(Mrs. John Jackson); Ann (Mrs. S. C. Wright) William; Silas (killed at
the battle of Fort Johnson, July 3, 1863 he was in Company E, Fifty-
second Regiment P. V. I.); Andrew; Frank Margaret (Mrs. Newton
Landon); Jeanette (wife of the subject), Erne (Mrs.. J. W. Duart);
George L. and Alice (Mrs. Dayton Saxton). Mr. and Mrs. Shepard
have three sons : Ernest N., Samuel W. and George B. Mr. Shepard is
a highly respected citizen'. ROBERT E. SHERIDAN, foundryman,
Athens, is a native of the city of Cork, Province of Munster, Ireland,
where he was born in October, 1840, and is a son of Robert and
Hanora (Shanahan) Sheridan, natives of Ireland. His father was a
mechanic, and worked in the dock yards, and died in 1849, in his
forty-second year, and his widow is now a resident of Towanda.
When the son was nine years
 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1165 old his parents
came to Port Jervis, N. Y., where he had relatives. He served an
apprenticeship at the molder's trade in Port Jervis and Middletown,
N. Y., and in 1862 came to Athens, where he remained about four
years, during which time he worked about one year in Williamsport,
and from Athens went to Wilkes-Barre, and was there two years. He
returned to Athens, and in 1869 removed to Owego, N. Y., and
worked at his trade until 1890, and then worked a short time in
Williamsport. In the spring of 1890 he erected a building, 30x68, for
his foundry, where he makes castings for plows, stove trimmings,
hitching posts, chimney tops, window weights, and all kinds of
castings in the rough. He was married in Athens, in April, 1863, to
Miss Mary, daughter of John and Mary (Buck) Doran, natives of
Ireland ; she is the fifth in a family of six children, and was born in
Athens in 1842. To them were born two daughters, Mary and
Hanora. The family are members of the Roman Catholic Church, and
the father is a Republican, politically. JAMES W. SHINER, harness
manufacturer and dealer in hides and wool, Towanda, was born in
Towanda, this county, August 4, 1864, and is a son of Andrew and
(Wilcox) Shiner. His paternal grandfather, Stephen Shiner, came from
New Jersey to Bradford county in 1836, settling in Towanda
township, where he engaged in farming, and died. His wife was Sally
A. Pearson, by whom he had nine children, as follows : Silas,
Andrew, Stephen, Jacob, Mary A. (Mrs. Wells Goff), Susan (Mrs.
John Annis), Phebe J., Lydia E. and Eliza Shiner. His maternal
grandfather was James V. Wilcox, a resident of Towanda, where he
still resides. Andrew Shiner is a farmer of Towanda township, where
he was reared from six years of age. His children were four in
number, viz.: Fannie (Mrs. Dr. F. W. Brockway), James W., Charles S.
and Fred. James W. Shiner, the subject of the sketch, was reared in
Towanda township, received a common-school education, and
learned the harness-maker's trade with his grandfather, J. V. Wilcox,
of Towanda, serving an apprenticeship of three years. In 1887 he
engaged in business for himself, and has built up a successful trade.
He was married in November, 1886, to Mary E., daughter of Stephen
and Caroline (Holmes) Strickland, of Wysox, Pa., and has one
daughter, C. Eugenia. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church,
and in politics he is a Republican. ABRAM F. SHOEMAKER, farmer,
Granville township, P. O. Granville Summit, was born in Granville, this
county, May 31, 1833, and is the son of Malachi and Susan (Shafer)
Shoemaker, formerly of Luzerne county, Pa., who settled in Granville
in 1826, cleared and improved the farm now owned by T. F. Porter,
and died there. Their children were: Payne, Catherine (Mrs. Alex.
Lane), William, Susan (Mrs. Alva Mitchell), Malachi T., Martha A.
(Mrs. Peter Groom), Elizabeth (Mrs. John Fenton), Mary A. (Mrs.
James Davis), Sarah (Mrs. Lewis Spalding) and Abram F., the latter
of whom was reared in Granville, and settled on the farm he now
occupies, in 1858, where he has since resided. He married, October
10, 1858, Sophia, daughter of David and Sally (Downs) Coe, of
Granville, and has four children : Frances E., Hattie (Mrs. O.
Hawthorn), L. D. and Harry. Mr. Shoe 
 1166 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. maker enlisted,
September 27, 1864, in the Civil War, and served in the Fifteenth
New York Engineers, and after nine months' service was honorably
discharged ; he is a member of the G. A. R. and P. of H.; politically
he is a Democrat. MAHLON W. SHORES, teacher, Sheshequin
township, P. O. Sheshequin, was born in Sheshequin, this county,
April 3, 1863, and is the only son of Meramon and Mary (Shores)
Shores, natives of Sheshequin, and of English origin. He is a
descendant of the Shores family, who occupy so important a place in
English history, as well as in the history of Bradford county. Our
subject was reared on a farm, educated in the common school,
Towanda graded school, Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, and
"Warner's Commercial College, Elmira, from which he was graduated
in 1884. He has taught nine terms of school in Bradford county, and
has been salesman in various capacities and in different lines. He is
in strong sympathy with the Republican party, but votes purelv on
principle and for the best man. HENRY W. SHORTELLE, shoemaker,
LeRaysville, was born June 23, 1853, a son of Robert P. and Mary
(Finn) Shortelle, the latter of whom, who is still living with her son
H. W., was born in Carrickon-Suir, County Tipperarv, Ireland, the
third in the family of six children of Stephen and Margaret (Briscon)
Finn. She was married, in 1833, to Robert P. Shortelle, also a native
of Ireland, and they came to America in 1836, settling at LeRaysville,
where the father was employed as superintendent of a boot and
shoe department, and afterward had a shop of his own ; he was for
several years overseer of a boot and shoe factory in Elmira, N. Y.; he
died November 8, 1859. They had the following children : Patrick,
born March 17, 1834, died February, 1836; Robert, born 1835, died
in infancy; Robert, Jr., born in 1837, died in infancy; Margaret, born
1840, married Perlej' Coburn, who has been principal of the Elmira
Crammer School twenty -six years ; Robert (third), born March 30,
1843 (enlisted as clerk in Company I, Sixth Pennsylvania Reserves,
in 1861, rose to adjutant's clerk, and his commission of lieutenant
arrived the day after his death; he participated in fifteen battles, and
was killed at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863, by a grape shot; he was a
graduate of Binghamton Commercial School)*; Stephen, born in
1845, died 1850 ; James E., born in 1847 (was graduated from the
Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, Towanda, appointed cadet at West
Point, on recommendation of Judge Mercur, was graduated in very
good standing in his class, June 12, 1871, and died at Elmira, on his
way home, August 5, same year. Once, when home on a vacation, a
young man by the name of Davis, who had been in the army,
requested James to go through the West Point drill to see if it was
the same as in the army ; he did so with an old musket that had lain
untouched many years; when the order was given to "fire" his hand
seemed to tremble on the trigger and he refused, but younoDavis,
who was acting as drill-master, stamped his foot, repeating the
command; James then fired and killed Davis instantly; as these two
young men were the greatest of friends, the incident is sad to relate,
and, as it has been often remarked, " the shot killed them both")
.The youngest child is Henry W., born June 23, 1853, a shoemaker
by trade,
 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1167 who had a shop
for some time in LeRaysville, and has been in the employ of Carl &
Pierce several years. The Shortelle family are members of the Roman
Catholic Church, and in politics are Republicans. Mrs. Shortelle was
married, January 25, 1868, to Azariah Champion, a farmer in Pike
township; he died December 18, 1884. Mrs. Champion, who is now
seventy-four years of age, still takes much interest in all kinds of
literature ; she is a great reader and an excellent conversationalist,
fully up with the times ; she is one of those types of true and upright
womanhood one always feels better by having met. JOHN
ANDERSON SHUMAN, blacksmith, Sugar Run, was born at Tamaqua,
Schuylkill Co., Pa., and is the fourth in the family of eight children of
George and Mary (McCancey) Shuman, the former a native of
Pennsylvania, born of German lineage, and the latter a native of
Ireland. He began life for himself at the age of fifteen, blacksmithing
with Joseph Geiger, of Mainsville, and after serving an apprenticeship
of four years went to Lock Haven, and worked at his trade about
three years ; then went to Georgia on the Altamaha river, Baird's
Bluff, where he remained until 1859, working at his trade ; he then
returned to Mainsville, where he was engaged at clerking for a time,
but resumed blacksmithing, and finally went into the hotel business,
in which he remained about a year, when he sold out and moved to
Wilkes-Barre, where he continued in the hotel business two years ;
then came to this county, and was employed with Kirkendall &
Troxel, lumbering two years ; thence went to Panther's Lick, where
he operated a sawmill for Schurchill; then went to Foot of Plain,
where he superintended the Schrader Land Co's sawmill at that
place, until 1874, when he removed to Sugar Run and resumed his
trade. In 1887 he went to Wyalusing, where he worked at his trade
until the spring of 1891, when he returned to Sugar Run. Mr.
Shuman married Amanda Gitling, of Columbia county, who died,
leaving one child, Kate M., married to H. G. Gouvier, a produce
dealer at Hazleton. Mr. Shuman married, for his second wife,
Deborah, daughter of Daniel Wilson, of Wilmot. The subject of these
lines is a member of the I. O. O. F. at Sugar Run, the Masonic Lodge
at Laceyville, and the Knights of Pythias at Barclay, and in politics he
is a stanch Democrat. WILLIAM SHUMWAY, one of the prominent
citizens of Spring Hill, was born, January 17, 1841, on the farm
where he now resides. He is a son of Cyrus and grandson of Reuben
Shumway, who came from Steuben county, N. Y., in 1803, and
settled near the present village of Wyalusing. The grandfather
spoken of was an old Revolutionary soldier. When the commander of
the Continental forces needed the most trustworthy of his men to
guard Maj. Andre, he was the one selected. At another time, when it
was deemed necessary that he should perform picket duty at a place
where several preceding him had been shot, he said to the officer in
charge : " You will hear my gun before morning." That night an
Indian, covered with a hog-skin, cautiously approached the sentry,
and became a corpse. In every respect a thorough pioneer, he built
for himself fourteen log houses, and, as some one-has said, " moved
into all the empty ones he could find."
 1168 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. He located, in
1805, where William now resides, and took from the land office a
Government land warrant for 436 acres, a considerable share of
which is still owned by the subject of this sketch, the same having
never passed out of the possession of the family. Cyrus Shumway
was a man of great physical and mental force. His ambition did not
allow him to reach middle age, before he had wrested from the
wilderness a valuable home for himself and for those who might
succeed him. A large part of this, together with much of his native
energy, he transmitted to his son. But he gave him a still better
inheritance in training him, by both precept and example, to a life of
integrity and usefulness. The settlement of Reuben Shumway is
believed to have been the first one made in the township of
Tuscarora. The descendant occupying these ancestral acres is a man
of a thoughtful caste of mind, and of pure truthfulness and honor.
Only the generosity of his character has prevented him from being
the possessor of large means. Though never an aspirant for public
recognition, he has held such positions as are within the gift of his
friends and neighbors. In 1874 he materially aided in organizing a
Farmers' Mutual Insurance Company, which now, among the citizens
of eastern Bradford, has risks in force to nearly $3,000,000. This
enterprise has been so conducted as to save its members many
thousand dollars. At that time he was given a place at the head of
the company as president, a position which he has ever since
continued to fill. In 1863, he married Addie, daughter of Ferris
Ackley, by whom he has two surviving children, the elder one, Daisy,
being a graduate of the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, in the
class of '91. His wife dying in 1877, in 1884 he was re-married, this
time the partner of his choice being Minnie, daughter of George
Sumner. Their union has been blessed with three children. In
politics, by daring to act "upon the courage of his convictions," Mr.
Shumway has become a leading "Independent" Republican, and is
recognized, also, wherever known, as one of Bradford county's most
progressive farmers. The family are of French extraction, the original
ancestors in this country having been Huguenots, who, on account
of religious persecution, came to America in about 1695. It should
be added, that in every war waged for the creation or preservation
of our institutions, its blood has been represented. HENRY R. SIBLE,
railroad watchman, Wysox township, P. O. Wysox, was born in Rome
township, Bradford Co., Pa., July 16, 1862, and is the youngest of
the four children of Isaac and Alma (Lent) Sible, natives of
Pennsylvania. He was reared on a farm, educated in the common
school and in the Towanda graded schools, and began life at the age
of sixteen at farming, but at twenty began braking on the Lehigh
Valley Railroad. While coupling cars at Sugar Run, November 14,
1885, he received an injury bv which he lost the two first fingers of
his right hand, and on Decernber 14, 1886, his left arm was badly
crushed while working in the yard at Towanda. As soon as he was
sufficiently recovered, he was employed as watchman by the railroad
company, and is now stationed at the East Towanda crossing. Mr.
Sible was married June 27, 1883, to Miss Sarah, daughter of Isaac
 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1169 and Elizabeth
("Walker) Schoonover, of Standing Stone, this county, natives of New
Jersey and Pennsylvania, respectively. Mr. and Mrs. Sible have had
born to them two children : Edna L., born January 19, 1888, and
Pearl M., born July 29, 1890. Mr. Sible has always been identified
with the Republican party. A. J. SILVARA, merchant, Silvara, was
born in Tuscarora township, this county, August 18, 1828, a son of
Manuel and Janette (Marsh) Silvara, the former of whom was born in
Portugal, and, when about seventeen years of age, came to
America, and worked for a man by the name of Nichols, learning the
mason's trade, which he continued about three years, and then
removed to the then wilderness of Bradford and located on what is
now Spring Hill ;' there he cleared up a farm, which after a few
years' residence he exchanged for wild land around where the
hamlet of Silvara now stand. Here he resided nearly fifty years, and
was largely instrumental in clearing up and settling the country
about him ; he has always been a farmer and lumberman, and built
two of the first sawmills of the section ; by the time of his death he
had accumulated a considerable fortune in money besides a large
tract of land containing: over 800 acres. His f amilv consisted of the
following children: Joseph, a doctor (now deceased); B.M., a
merchant and banker of Dushore, Pa.; Eliza Ann, married to Robert
Cooley (deceased); Theodore,a retired farmer, of Tuscarora
township; A. J.; John, who was accidentally drowned in Muncy
creek, Pa.; Emily, married to Charles Davidson (deceased); L. B.,a
traveling salesman, residing in Silvara; E. L., speculator and broker,
of Perry, Mich. A. J. Silvara passed his boyhood on a farm, and
received a limited common-school education ; at his majority he
began business for himself, adopting farming as an occupation. After
fifteen years he entered mercantile business in the hamlet of Silvara,
opening a store in a building where he continued about five years,
and then built the room he now occupies, where he has continued in
business to the present time, conducting a general store. Besides his
mercantile business he owns about 230 acres of valuable land and
various building lots, etc. Mr. Silvara was united in marriage, October
31, 1855, with Margaret E., daughter of Thomas Taylor, a prominent
farmer of Tuscarora, and has a family of five children : Cora Edna,
married to B. P. Raub, a steam sawmill owner, of Emporium, Pa.; M.
T., married to Francis Bunnell, a farmer, of "Wyoming county; T. A.,
married to Ethna Bennett, a farmer, of Silvara ; Lillie E. and Hinkley
S. Politically Mr. Silvara is a Republican, and has filled the various
town offices ; in 1870 he was appointed postmaster at Silvara, and
with the exception of four years under Cleveland's administration has
filled the office since. Mr. Silvara ranks well toward the front among
the successful men of the county. "WILLIAM R. SIMS, farmer, P. O.
Troy, was born in Troy township, this county, November 26. 1842,
and is a son of John and Charlotte (Case) Sims, the former of whom,
a farmer by occupation, was born in "Wells township, but spent most
of his life in Troy township, where he died at the age of sixty years;
his wife was a daughter of Reuben and Statira (Hugg) Case, and
granddaughter of Reuben and Experience (Nichols) Case, who
settled in Troy township in
 1170 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1798; her father
was the first white male child born in Troy township. To this union
were born seven children: "William R., Jerusha (Mrs. James
Worden), Laura (Mrs. B. Frank Newberry), James, Jane (Mrs. John
Mershon), Mary (Mrs. John Soper) and Charles. William R. Sims was
reared in Bradford county, and educated in the common schools. In
the Civil War he enlisted, October 14, 1861, in Company C, Seventh
Pennsylvania Cavalry; he participated in all the experiences of the
regiment, with the exception of six months he was on detached
duty; he was promoted to corporal, then to sergeant, and was
honorably discharged as second lieutenant at Macon, Ga., August 27,
1865, and mustered out at Harrisburg, Pa., September 14, 1865. He
then returned to Troy, where he was engaged in farming until 1884.
He was then appointed superintendent of the insane department of
the County Poor House, which position he filled acceptably six and
onebalf years. On March 1, 1891, he located in Columbia township,
on the farm he now occupies. He married, September 26, 1867,
Phebe A., daughter of William and Lucy (Barber) Brewer, of Wells
township, and has one son, Frank E. Mr. Sims is a member of the F.
& A. M., I. O. O. F., G. A. R. and the Patrons of Husbandry; politically
he is a Republican. CHARLES J. SLEEPER, farmer and stockman,
Warren township, P. O. Warren Centre, one of the prominent citizens
of the county, was born September 9, 1827, a son of John and
Abigail (Lathrop) Sleeper, natives of Vermont and Connecticut,
respectively, farmers. John Sleeper came to this county in 1820, and
located in Warren township, where he married Abigail Lathrop in
1826 ; he died, August 25, 1865 ; his widow died January 9, 1889 ;
their family of children were three in number, viz.: Charles J., John F.
(married to Susan Stevens, has two children and resides in the
township) and Caroline (Mrs. James A. Nichols), of Warren township.
Charles J. Sleeper grew to strong manhood in the old family home,
learning more of work than books, and early commenced farming on
his own account ; he has prospered well and now owns 100 acres of
highly-improved and well-cultivated land, finely equipped with good
and substantial buildings. He was married in Susquehanna county,
December 23, 1855, to Jane E., daughter of Robert and Parmela
(Baily) Sleeper, natives of Vermont and New Hampshire, respectively,
and of English extraction ; they had only one child, Jane E. The
family came to this countv in 1865 ; the father died May 20, 1865,
the mother on July 4, 1882. " To Mr. and Mrs. Charles J. Sleeper
were born three children, viz.: Vielda (Mrs. Alfred Day), of
Susquehanna county, Silas and Fred. Mr. Sleeper is a Democrat, and
during President Cleveland's term he was postmaster at Warren
Centre. The Sleeper family have an ancient and honorable record,
dating back to the early and prominent people of Bradford county.
Mr. Sleeper's father, John, was the son 'of Robert and Catherine
(Fox) Sleeper, natives of Vermont, who both died in 1850; their
family of children were ten in number, of whom John was the fifth, in
the order of birth. GEORGE B. SLEEPER, farmer, Warren Centre, is a
native of Warren township, this county, born April 28, 1844, and is a
son of
 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1171 Josephus and
Maria (Bo wen) Sleeper. His father was a native of Vermont, and his
mother of Warren township, a daughter of George Bowen. The
father, who was a farmer, came to this county in 1818, when it was
still a wilderness, and hewed away the dark woods to make his farm
on which he lived; he died January 8, 1889; the mother died
September 5, 1860. Their family consisted of eight children, viz.:
Catherine, Olive, George B., Thomas J., .David A., Laura, Robert F.
and James D. Their father was twice married, his second wife being
Mary E. Bowen, a sister of the first wife, and by her there were two
children : Willie and Mabel. The subject of this sketch, who is the
third child in the family by the first wife, grew to manhood in his
family, was educated in Warren Centre, engaged in farming and has
followed same with eminent success, clearing his own way to
fortune, and is the possessor of 140 acres of well-tilled and
improved land, one of the finest farms in the county ; has also a fine
residence in the Centre, where he now lives. He was married here to
Mary L., daughter of Caleb and Rebecca (Goff ) Abell, natives of
Rhode Island and Massachusetts, respectively ; they had five
children, as follows : Nancy B., Sarah A., Caleb T., Mary L. and Lois
R. To Mr. and Mrs. George B. Sleeper were born three sons, viz.:
Merton A. (a clerk in New York), G. Milton and Roy A. Mr. Sleeper is
a Republican , has been elected a justice of the peace for two terms,
and has been assessor twice. This is one of the much esteemed
families of Bradford county, well known for integrity and industry.
JOHN JAY SLOCDM, farmer, Pike township, P. O. LeRaysville, was
born in Herrick, this county, September 16, 1848, a son of Micajah
and Mary E. (Fairchild) Slocum ; the father was a shoe-maker and
farmer, native of Connecticut and of New England origin ; the
mother a native of Pennsylvania and of New England lineage. In
Micajah's family there were six children, of whom John Jay is the
third. He was reared on the farm, educated in the common school,
and began life for himself at the age of twenty-one, retailing milk in
Binghamton, N. Y., where he remained six months ; then worked for
P. J. McCauley six months, and worked on the farm with his father,
who died September 21, 1877, at the age of eighty -one. Our
subject purchased the homestead consisting of 165 acres of well-
improved land, known as the '' Perley Buck farm ; " and has since
built two large barns and a dwelling-house. Mr. Slocum was married,
February 26, 1875, to Helen A., daughter of Joel and Celinda (Acla)
Chilson,*of Durell. Her parents and grandparents were early settlers.
Mr. and Mrs. Slocum have one child, Hattie A., born January 8, 1877.
Mr. Slocum is a brother of Oscar B. Slocum, baggage master for the
Lehigh Valley Railroad at Wilkes-Barre. In politics he is a Republican.
WINFIELD S. SLUYTER, farmer, P. O. Towanda, was born February
24, 1855, a son of William A. and Polly (Bennett) Sluyter; his father
was a native of Allegany county, N. Y., and his mother of this county,
whose ancestors were among the earliest settlers, and of German
and Irish extraction. Winfield S. was born in this county, and reared
on his father's farm, the one on which he now lives. He was married,
August 25, 1880, to Mary J., daughter of John and Emma L.
 1172 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. (Adams) McQueen,
who were of Scotch and English ancestry. Mr. Sluyter is the seventh
in a family of ten children, two of whom, Sylvester and Alonzo, were
in the Civil War, where they both died. Mrs. Sluyter is third in a
family of ten children, four of whom are living. There have been
born to Mr. and Mrs. Sluyter five children, as follows : Anna (died in
childhood), Edwin H. (born June 5, 1882), Frank M. (born July 15,
1883), John B. (born December 14, 1884), Bertha M. (born October
19, 1886). Mr. Sluyter is a Eepublican, and takes an active interest in
public affairs. He has a fine farm, under a good state of cultivation,
and has combined with general farming that of market gardening
and the raising of tobacco. The family are widely esteemed and
prominent in the social affairs of the county. DAYID SMILEY, farmer,
P. 0. West Franklin, was born in Canton, Pa., September 7, 1822, the
son of John and Susannah (Stone) Smiley, of whom the former was
born near Lewisburg, Pa., and the latter in this county. John Smiley
was the son of Thomas Smiley, one of the early settlers in West
Franklin ; John had a family of eight children, all of whom grew to
maturity, and six of them are now living. David is the eighth in the
family, and was reared and educated in Canton and Franklin ; he
always lived and worked on a farm ; he commenced with nothing
and now has a farm of 120 acres of fertile land. On September 23,
1846, he married, in Towanda, Miss Phebe Ann, daughter of Alpheus
and Hannah (Kingsbury) Holcomb, natives of Connecticut, and who
belong to the old class of settlers of LeEoy. To Mr. and Mrs. Smiley
have been born four sons and two daughters : Oscar, married to
Hattie Newell ; Flora, married to B. M. Walters; Augusta, married to
M. K. Foster; O. L., married to Lizzie Taylor; O'Mera, and Jay, married
to Blanche Andress. Mr. Smiley entered the army in 1864, and
served during the remainder of the conflict, attached to Company L,
Twelfth N. Y. O; Col. Savage commanding, and now in his old age
draws a pension. He has retired from business in favor of his sons,
O'Mera and Jay. His son O. L. has been honored with the office of
deputy register and recorder, while he himself holds some important
town offices; he is a member of the G. A. E., in faith a Baptist, and a
Eepublican in politics. ALYAH C. SMITH, of Smith Brothers & Turner,
furniture dealers and undertakers, Towanda, was born in Wysox
township, this county, January 19, 1845, and is a son of John B. and
Lucinda (Horton) Smith. He was educated in the common schools
and Susquehanna Collegiate Institute at Towanda, and since
attaining his majority has been engaged in farming and dairying. In
1886 he became a member of the firm of Smith Brothers & Turner,
leading furniture dealers of Towanda, and has been a resident of the
borough since 1887. Mr. Smith has been twice married ; his first wife
w°as Louisa Sanders, and his second wife was Isabel, daughter of
Darius E. and Anna S. (Merwin) Manley, of Monroe countv, Pa., and
by her has one son, Eandolph A. Mr. Smith is a member of the
Methodist Church and of the K. of P. In politics he is a Eepublican,
and he held several offices while a resident of .North Towanda.
 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1173 CADY SMITH,
physician and surgeon, Alba, is a native of Ames, Montgomery Co.,
N. Y., born July 11, 1849, a son of Charles and Ellen (Bowman)
Smith, natives of Herkimer and Plat Bush, N. Y., respectively. Charles
Smith was a millwright by trade, and died in Schuyler county, N. Y.,
October 28, 1890, in his seventy-fourth year. Mrs. Smith still survives
him, and resides in Schuyler county, N. Y. The subject of this memoir
is the youngest in order of birth in a family of four children, viz.: Dr.
O. "W". Smith, of Union Springs, N. Y.; Mary A. Wellar and Elsie
Wilier, of Monterey, N. Y., and Cady. He was reared in Schuyler
county, IS. Y., from the time he was five years of age ; received a
public-schooleducation, read medicine for three years, and was
graduated from the Eclectic Medical College of Pennsylvania, at
Philadelphia, in 1879; also attended the Medico-Chirurgical College,
of Philadelphia, during the winters of 1887 and 1888." The Doctor
began the practice of his profession in West Burlington, where he
remained three months ; then removed to Schuyler county, N. Y.,
and was there until February, 1881, when he came to Alba, and has
since been practicing his profession in that place. Dr. Smith was
married, July 5, 1869, to Julia E.', daughter of R. H. and Eliza D.
(Goddard) Ward, natives of Troy and West Burlington townships,
respectively. R. H. Ward was a blacksmith by trade, and died in West
Burlington, June 7, 1888, in his seventy-fifth year. Mrs. Ward still
survives him, and resides in West Burlington. Mrs. Smith is the third
in order of birth in a family of six children, and was born in
Burlington, August 15, 1849. The family are members of the Disciple
Church. The Doctor and wife are members of the Equitable Aid
Union ; he is also a member of the Schuyler County Medical
Association ; is justice of the peace, also school director, a position
he has filled seven years, and has been secretary of the board
during that time ; politically he is a Republican. He is liberal in
religion, medicine and politics. C. C. SMITH, merchant, Camptown,
was born at Skinner's Eddy, Wyoming Co.. Pa., June 30, 1855, a son
of Leon and Mary (Bryant) Smith. His father was born in New
Hampshire, and learned the trade of a blacksmith, in the shop of his
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