UNIT I: Teaching Aptitude (50 Pointers)

1.​ Definition of Teaching: Process of imparting knowledge, skills, and values.

2.​ Tri-polar Process: Teacher, student, content interaction.
3.​ Bi-polar Process: Teacher and student interaction (older view).
4.​ Nature of Teaching: Art and science.
5.​ Main Objective of Teaching: All-round development of the learner.
6.​ Instructional Objectives: Specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, time-bound
(SMART).
7.​ Bloom's Taxonomy: Cognitive, Affective, Psychomotor domains of learning objectives.
8.​ Cognitive Domain Levels: Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis,
Synthesis, Evaluation.
9.​ Memory Level: Rote learning, recall, lowest level. Herbart.
10.​Understanding Level: Comprehension, relating facts, higher than memory. Morrison.
11.​Reflective Level: Problem-solving, critical thinking, highest level. Hunt.
12.​Learner-Centred vs. Teacher-Centred: Focus on student participation vs. teacher as
primary dispenser.
13.​Subject matter expertise.
14.​Effective communication skills.
15.​Empathy and patience.
16.​Classroom management abilities.
17.​Adaptability and flexibility.
18.​Continuous learner.
19.​Positive attitude.
20.​Fairness and impartiality.
21.​Lecture Method: Teacher-centred, large groups, effective for information delivery.
22.​Demonstration Method: Visual presentation, practical application.
23.​Discussion Method: Group interaction, critical thinking, problem-solving.
24.​Heuristic Method: Discovery-based learning, problem-solving.
25.​Project Method: Hands-on, real-world problems, collaborative.
26.​Case Study Method: Analysis of real-life situations.
27.​Role Play: Experiential learning, understanding perspectives.
28.​Brainstorming: Idea generation, creative thinking.
29.​Flipped Classroom: Content delivered outside, active learning in class.
30.​Blended Learning: Mix of online and traditional methods.
31.​Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI): Use of computers for learning.
32.​MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses): Online courses for large audiences.
33.​Teacher-related factors: Skills, knowledge, attitude, experience.
34.​Learner-related factors: Motivation, prior knowledge, aptitude, readiness.
35.​Support Material: Availability and quality of textbooks, aids.
36.​Instructional Facilities: Classroom environment, labs, libraries.
37.​Learning Environment: Discipline, safety, inclusivity.
38.​Institution: Policies, management, infrastructure.
 39.​Visual Aids: Blackboards, charts, maps, models, projectors.
40.​Audio Aids: Radio, audio recordings, podcasts.
41.​Audio-Visual Aids: TV, films, videos, multimedia, smartboards.
42.​ICT in Teaching: Use of computers, internet, educational software.
43.​Formative Evaluation: During instruction, for improvement (e.g., quizzes, discussions).
44.​Summative Evaluation: At the end, for grading/certification (e.g., final exams).
45.​Diagnostic Evaluation: To identify learning difficulties/gaps.
46.​Placement Evaluation: To assess prior knowledge for course placement.
47.​Norm-Referenced Test: Compares performance to a group average (e.g., percentile).
48.​Criterion-Referenced Test: Compares performance to a set standard/objective.
49.​Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE): Holistic assessment throughout
the year.
50.​Choice Based Credit System (CBCS): Student chooses courses; credit-based
learning.

Unit II: Research Aptitude (50 Pointers)

1.​ Definition of Research: Systematic investigation to establish facts, principles, or

knowledge.
2.​ Characteristics of Research: Empirical, systematic, controlled, valid, verifiable, logical,
cyclical.
3.​ Objectives of Research: Exploration, description, explanation, prediction, control.
4.​ Pure/Basic Research: Aims to expand knowledge, no immediate practical application.
5.​ Applied Research: Aims to solve a specific, practical problem.
6.​ Action Research: Solving immediate problems in a specific setting (e.g., classroom).
7.​ Descriptive Research: Describes characteristics of a population or phenomenon (e.g.,
surveys).
8.​ Correlational Research: Studies relationships between variables, but not cause-effect.
9.​ Explanatory Research: Explores cause-and-effect relationships.
10.​Experimental Research: Manipulates variables to determine cause-effect; high control.
11.​Qualitative Research: Explores in-depth understanding of phenomena (e.g., interviews,
focus groups).
12.​Quantitative Research: Measures and tests numerical data (e.g., surveys,
experiments).
13.​Longitudinal Research: Follows subjects over an extended period.
14.​Cross-Sectional Research: Studies a population at a single point in time.
15.​Positivism: Objective reality, measurable, value-free, quantitative methods.
16.​Post-Positivism: Reality is multi-faceted, acknowledges researcher bias, mixed
methods.
17.​Experimental Method: Independent variable (IV) manipulated, Dependent variable (DV)
measured.
18.​Survey Method: Data collection from a sample using questionnaires/interviews.
19.​Historical Method: Systematic collection and evaluation of data to describe, explain, or
understand past events.
20.​Ex Post Facto Research: Studies cause-effect after the event has occurred, no
manipulation of IV.
21.​Ethnographic Research: In-depth study of a culture or group.
22.​Narrative Research: Focuses on stories and personal experiences.
23.​Mixed Methods Research: Combines qualitative and quantitative approaches.
24.​Formulating Research Problem: Identifying the specific question to be answered.
25.​Review of Literature: Understanding existing knowledge, identifying gaps.
26.​Formulating Hypothesis: A testable statement about the relationship between
variables.
27.​Developing Research Design: Blueprint for data collection and analysis.
28.​Sampling: Selecting a representative subset of the population.
29.​Probability Sampling: Random, systematic, stratified, cluster.
30.​Non-Probability Sampling: Convenience, quota, purposive, snowball.
31.​Data Collection: Using tools like questionnaires, interviews, observation.
32.​Data Analysis: Applying statistical or thematic methods.
33.​Interpretation and Generalization: Drawing conclusions and broader implications.
34.​Report Writing: Presenting findings clearly and logically.
35.​Informed Consent: Participants must agree to participate after knowing risks/benefits.
36.​Anonymity: Identity of participants is unknown to researcher and public.
37.​Confidentiality: Researcher knows identity but protects it from public disclosure.
38.​Plagiarism: Presenting someone else's work or ideas as your own without credit.
39.​Academic Honesty: Upholding integrity in all research activities.
40.​Objectivity: Avoiding bias in data collection, analysis, and interpretation.
41.​Thesis/Dissertation: Comprehensive research report required for higher degrees.
42.​Research Article/Paper: Shorter, peer-reviewed publication of research findings.
43.​Introduction: Background, problem statement, objectives.
44.​Literature Review: Critical analysis of existing research.
45.​Methodology: Research design, participants, tools, procedure.
46.​Results: Presentation of findings.
47.​Discussion: Interpretation of results, linking to literature, implications.
48.​Conclusion: Summary of findings, limitations, future research.
49.​Bibliography/References: List of all sources cited.
50.​Referencing Styles: APA (American Psychological Association), MLA (Modern
Language Association), Chicago.