Internet Technologies - Viva Questions and Answers
1. What is the Internet? How is it different from the World Wide Web (WWW)?
Answer: The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers that communicate using
standard protocols. The World Wide Web (WWW) is a service that runs on the internet, consisting of
web pages accessed via browsers.
2. What is an IP address? What are static and dynamic IPs?
Answer: An IP address is a unique numerical identifier for a device on a network. Static IPs are fixed
and don't change, while dynamic IPs are assigned by DHCP servers and may change over time.
3. What is a domain name? How does DNS work?
Answer: A domain name is a human-readable address (e.g., google.com) that maps to an IP
address. DNS (Domain Name System) translates domain names into IP addresses.
4. What is the difference between HTTP and HTTPS?
Answer: HTTP is the protocol used to transfer web data. HTTPS is its secure version, using
SSL/TLS to encrypt the data.
5. Explain client-server architecture with an example.
Answer: Client-server architecture involves a client requesting resources/services and a server
providing them. Example: A web browser (client) requests a webpage from a web server.
6. What is HTML? Name some commonly used HTML tags.
Answer: HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is used to create web pages. Common tags include
<html>, <head>, <body>, <p>, <a>, <img>, <form>.
7. What is the role of CSS in web development?
Answer: CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to style and layout web pages, including colors,
fonts, and positioning.
8. Differentiate between inline, internal, and external CSS.
Answer: Inline CSS is written within HTML elements. Internal CSS is within a <style> tag in the
head. External CSS is in a separate file linked via <link>.
9. What is JavaScript? How is it different from Java?
Answer: JavaScript is a scripting language for web page interactivity. Java is a general-purpose
programming language. They differ in syntax, purpose, and environment.
10. What is the purpose of the <form> tag in HTML? Name input types.
Answer: The <form> tag is used to collect user inputs. Input types include text, password, radio,
checkbox, submit, etc.
11. What are cookies and how do they work in web browsers?
Answer: Cookies are small files stored on the user's computer by the browser to remember user
data, like login information or preferences.
12. What is AJAX and where is it used?
Answer: AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML) is used to send/receive data without refreshing
the web page. It's used in dynamic web apps.
13. Define XML and its usage in web applications.
Answer: XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is used to store and transport data in a structured
format, often used for configuration and data exchange.
14. What is a web server? Name any two popular web servers.
Answer: A web server stores, processes, and delivers web pages. Examples include Apache and
Nginx.
15. What is the difference between GET and POST methods in form submission?
Answer: GET sends data via URL, suitable for simple queries. POST sends data in the request
body, suitable for sensitive or large data.
16. What is PHP? How is it used in web development?
Answer: PHP is a server-side scripting language used to create dynamic web pages, interact with
databases, and manage sessions.
17. What are server-side and client-side scripting languages? Give examples.
Answer: Client-side scripts run in the browser (e.g., JavaScript), while server-side scripts run on the
server (e.g., PHP, Python).
18. What is the difference between session and cookie in PHP?
Answer: A session stores data on the server and is more secure. A cookie stores data on the client
side (browser).
19. What is the use of MySQL in web development?
Answer: MySQL is a relational database management system used to store, retrieve, and manage
data in web applications.
20. Explain the process of connecting a web page to a database using PHP.
Answer: Use PHP's mysqli or PDO extension to connect. Syntax:
mysqli_connect('host','user','pass','dbname'); Then use queries to interact with the DB.
