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 Another Random Document on
Scribd Without Any Related Topics
Childhood is the sleep of reason.—Rousseau.
 BOTANICAL NOTES.
By Prof. J. H. MONTGOMERY.

The numberless uses for india-rubber in this century has made it

an indispensable article of commerce and manufacture,
consequently its production has become a great industry. Whether
the known forests will continue to supply the demand for any
considerable time is a practical question. Right here comes the
intelligence, that the attention of the government in India has been
called to a new source of this useful gum. This new plant which
yields large quantities of pure caoutchouc is a native of Cochin
China, and is common in Southern India. It belongs to the dog-bane
family (the same family that yields strychnine), and is called
Prameria Glandalifera. In lower China its liquid juice is used for
medicine by the Anamites and Cambodians, and it also appears
among the drugs of China.

The Norwegian, Schübeler, mentions some striking peculiarities of

plants in high latitudes. He says that seeds produced in these
regions are much larger and weigh more than those grown in more
temperate climates. The leaves, also, of most plants are larger in the
north than those of the same species farther south. Flowers which
are white in warmer climates, become colored when they blossom in
the north. All these differences he ascribes to the continued light of
long days.

It is noted by naturalists that Arctic plants are destitute of odor as

a rule; only a few having a faint scent.
 It appears from an English paper that the secretary of the Royal
Society transplanted sea-weed to earth that was kept constantly
moist, and that the plants grew and flourished under what would
seem to be very unnatural circumstances. This would be an
experiment worth trying with our fresh water plants.

By placing the stems of freshly cut flowers in a liquid dye their

petals may often be colored or changed in color. This will not always
happen, however, as certain colors are not absorbed by flowers.
These dyes do not in any way change or affect the perfume or
freshness.

The time honored method of determining the age of trees by

counting their concentric rings has received some very hard blows
from recent observations made on the growth of trees. An article in
the Popular Science Monthly, from the pen of A. L. Childs, M.D.,
gives some facts which show that these rings do not indicate the age
of the tree, and shows what they do indicate. The following
passages from the article will give the ground on which his
deductions are based: “In June of 1871 I planted a quantity of seed
as it ripened and fell from some red maple trees. In 1873 I
transplanted some of the trees from these seeds, placing them on
my city lots in Plattsmouth, Nebraska. In August, 1882, finding them
too much crowded, I cut some out, and, the concentric rings being
very distinct, I counted them. From the day of planting the seed to
the day of cutting the trees was two months over eleven years. On
one, more distinctly marked (although there was but little difference
between them), I counted on one side of the heart forty rings. Other
sides were not so distinct; but in no part were there fewer than
thirty-five. * * * * Hence, from my own record, I knew the tree had
but twelve years of growth; and yet, as counted by myself and many
others, it had forty clear concentric rings. * * * Hon. R. W. Furness,
late Governor of Nebraska, so well known as a practical forester, has
kindly furnished me with several sections of trees of known age,
from which I select the following: A pig-hickory eleven years old,
with sixteen distinct rings; a green ash eight years old, with eleven
very plain rings; a Kentucky coffee-tree ten years old, with fourteen
very distinct rings, and, in addition to these, twenty-one sub-rings; a
burr-oak ten years old, with twenty-four equally distinct rings; a
black walnut five years old, with twelve rings. * * * In conclusion,
that the more distinct concentric rings of a tree approximate, or in
some cases exactly agree, in number with the years of the tree, no
one, I presume, will deny; but that in most, and probably nearly all
trees, intermediate rings or sub-rings, generally less conspicuous,
yet often more distinct than the annual rings, exist is equally certain;
and I think the foregoing evidence is sufficient to induce those who
prefer truth to error to examine the facts of the case. These sub-
rings or additional rings are easily accounted for by sudden and
more or less frequent changes of weather, and requisite conditions
of growth—each check tending to solidify the newly-deposited
cambium, or forming layer; and, as long intervals occur of extreme
drought or cold, or other unfavorable causes, the condensation
produces a more pronounced and distinct ring than the annual one.”
 C. L. S. C. WORK.
By Rev. J. H. VINCENT, D.D., Superintendent of Instruction.

The readings for January are: “Philosophy of the Plan of

Salvation,” fourteen chapters; Chautauqua Text-Book, No. 18,
“Christian Evidences;” Chautauqua Text-Book, No. 39, “Sunday-
school Normal Work;” Required Readings in The Chautauquan.

“Memorial Day” for January: “College Day,” Thursday, January 31.

The map of southern Europe, by Monteith, contains a good map

of Greece. Published by A. S. Barnes & Co., of New York. Price, $5.

Persons who are reading for the additional White Seal for
graduates of ’82 and ’83 need not read the Brief History of Greece if
they read Timayenis, Vols. 1 and 2.

By sending forty cents to Miss Edith E. Guinon, Meadville, Pa.,

members of the classes of ’82 and ’83 may procure badges.

A student of the C. L. S. C. in Idaho writes: The pupils of the

public school will one day be Chautauquans. There is enthusiasm
over everything in the course that we enjoy together, and that is a
considerable portion of it. We talked over the air when the loveliest
blue mist hung for days between us and our most beautiful
mountains’ snowy peak. * * * My pupils have treated our very near
Chinese neighbors with more consideration since the reading of
“China, Corea, and Japan.” * * * This is only the second year of
school-life in our place, and we are largely indebted to the C. L. S. C.
for help in overcoming some difficulties incident to a first struggle.

One good English sentence committed every day will greatly

enrich one’s vocabulary in the course of a year.

“Don’t” is a good little manual of manners, but Miss Josephine

Pollard’s Chautauqua Text-Book, No. 43, on “Good Manners,” is
better. “Don’t” fail to read and practice “Good Manners.”

Try to pronounce your words accurately and distinctly. Accept with

gratitude all hints which drive you to the dictionary. Avoid over-
sensitiveness when corrected by fellow-student, friend or foe.

A telegraph operator writes: “Coming from the beautiful village of

——, Wis., where I was a member of a flourishing circle, and finding
myself in this little western town on the Minnesota prairies, how
could I pass the long tedious hours of the night if it were not for the
studies of the C. L. S. C.? I am a night operator for the railroad
company, and while the great majority of the great army of the C. L.
S. C. are asleep and dreaming, I am studying. Thank God for the C.
L. S. C.! How much broader life seems since I commenced these
studies, and it is a pleasant thought to me that in ’86, when I
graduate, I shall possibly be able to go to Chautauqua, and to shake
hands with you.”

The Monteagle Assembly (Tennessee) last summer developed an

intense C. L. S. C. enthusiasm. The meetings were lively, largely
attended, and increased in interest to the very close of the
Assembly. A committee was appointed to erect a C. L. S. C. building
at Monteagle. I call upon all members of the C. L. S. C. to do what
they can in the way of contributions to this Monteagle building. I am
anxious not to turn the C. L. S. C. into an advertising channel for
local interests, but the Monteagle movement, covering as it does the
whole southern field, deserves our hearty sympathies, and I hope
that many members will feel free to send contributions of any sum
to the secretary, Rev. J. H. Warren, Murfreesboro, Tenn.

I take pleasure in commending to the members of the C. L. S. C.

the “Comprehensive Biographical Dictionary,” by Edward A. Thomas,
published by Porter & Coates, Philadelphia. It contains several steel-
plate engravings and 590 pages. Price, $2.50 to $4.50, according to
the binding.

Miss S. A. Scull, of Philadelphia, has prepared, and Porter &

Coates have published an admirable abridgement of “Greek
Mythology,” helpfully classified. It is amply illustrated and adapted to
the school or to private use.

Every Chautauquan will mourn over the death of Mr. Van Lennep.
He was a simple hearted, sincere, unselfish worker, a member of the
class of ’86, a true friend, a loyal Chautauquan.

Scripture Readings for January, 1884:

First week, Genesis, 1st chapter.
Second week, Genesis, 13th chapter.
Third week, Genesis, 23d chapter.
Fourth week, Genesis, 32d chapter.
 OUTLINE OF C. L. S. C. READINGS.

JANUARY, 1884.
The required readings for January, 1884, include “Philosophy of
the Plan of Salvation,” by Rev. James B. Walker; Chautauqua Text-
Book, No. 18, “Christian Evidences,” and No. 39, “Sunday-school
Normal Class Work;” the Required Readings in The Chautauquan.
First Week (ending January 8).—1. Philosophy of the Plan of
Salvation, from the “Introduction,” page 25, to the end of chapter ii.
2. Readings in German History and German Literature in The
Chautauquan.
3. Sunday Readings for January 6, in The Chautauquan.
Second Week (ending January 16).—1. Philosophy of the Plan of
Salvation, from chapter iii, page 59, to the end of chapter vi.
2. Readings in Political Economy and Physical Science in The
Chautauquan.
3. Sunday Readings for January 13, in The Chautauquan.
Third Week (ending January 24).—1. Philosophy of the Plan of
Salvation, from chapter vii, page 90, to the end of chapter ix.
2. Readings in Art in The Chautauquan.
3. Sunday Readings for January 20, in The Chautauquan.
Fourth Week (ending January 31).—1. Philosophy of the Plan of
Salvation, from chapter x, page 122, to the end of chapter xiv.
2. Readings in American Literature in The Chautauquan.
3. Sunday Readings for January 27, in The Chautauquan.
 SUNBEAMS FROM THE CIRCLE.
God speed our cause! God keep it true,
Year after year its work to do,
Until the perfect morn appears,—
Until beyond the line of gray
Climbs up to heaven the perfect day
That ushers in the Thousand Years.
From a C. L. S. C. poem read before the local circle of Franklin,
Mass., October 1, 1883.

In an editorial on the C. L. S. C. a Canadian editor makes the

following computation: “The classes of the past numbered a total of
34,800. If 20,000 are added this year we shall have a school of
55,000. Last year’s class numbered 14,000, an increase of sixty per
cent. The same ratio will give us in another year a membership of
78,000, and in another year of over one hundred thousand. Think of
a school of one hundred thousand pupils! Where will it stop?”

We have been asked to furnish the names and addresses of the

various class presidents. They are as follows: President of class of
1882, Rev. H. C. Pardoe, Danville, Pa.; class of 1883, Rev. H. C.
Farrar, Troy, N. Y.; class of 1884, Hon. John Fairbanks, Chicago, Ill.;
class of 1885, Mr. Underwood, Meriden, Conn.; class of 1886, Rev. B.
P. Snow, Biddeford, Me.; class of 1887, Rev. Frank Russell, Mansfield,
O.

A Pittsburgh paper says: The Allegheny County Alumni

Association of the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle has
become an institution. Composed as it is of the thinking people of
Pittsburgh and Allegheny its success is not phenomenal, but is
entirely merited. Last night the alumni were “at home” for the third
time at the Seventh Avenue Hotel to their friends. They number
about seventy people, and are as proud of their badges with their
seals attached as a Knight of the Legion of Honor. The members and
their friends met and chatted, much as other people do on such
occasions, in the ladies’ parlors. The guests were taken care of by
the president and secretary in handsome style, and at 8:30 the
banquet supper was announced. Supper over the guests were
provided with pure cold water, with which to toast the association.
Dr. Eaton said it was a most dangerous proceeding at that time of
night, nevertheless it prevailed. Dr. Wood announced a song at the
conclusion of his toast to the Circle. It was of the Chautauqua series,
“We gather here as pilgrim bands.” “The C. L. S. C., an untried
experiment in 1878, but a grand success in ’83,” was the topic
proposed for Prof. L. H. Eaton. He is one of the oldest and most
enthusiastic members of the society, and has only missed one
meeting in ten years at Chautauqua. The struggles and triumphs of
the order was an easy subject to him and he was generally
applauded at the conclusion of his remarks. “The order of the White
Seal” by Miss Jennie Adair, followed. Mr. A. M. Martin, Secretary of
the Grand Assembly of the Association, spoke upon “The Heroes.”
He gave a short history of the Circle. The women are pronounced
the heroes. “The class of ’83,” Miss N. G. Boyce; Alumni Song of ’83;
“Our public schools the pride of the American people,” Miss M. E.
Hare; Select reading, Miss Lizzie K. Pershing; Grecian history, Mr. D.
W. Jones; Lawrenceville class of ’82, Thos. J. Ford; The Ladies,
Professor Steeth. The toasts were all good, many of them humorous.
When the party rose, it was an “all rounder” (cold water) to the
prosperity of the Chautauquan culture.

A Pennsylvania member of the C. L. S. C. writes us: “I am a man

in middle life (44 years old) with a family of four children to look
after. I do a varied business, merchandising, lumbering and farming.
I believe they call me the hardest working man in the village, but I
have found time to complete the course, and have derived great
benefit, as well as enjoyment, while reading. My main object has
been to prepare myself as best I could, under the circumstances, to
better educate and direct the minds of the children growing up
around me, and by encouraging good reading to drive the bad
away.”

The editor of the Home and School, Toronto, (Ont.,) has received
the following from a young man in Manitoba: “You will probably
remember that I wrote you in regard to some systematic sourse of
reading just about three years ago, and that you sent me circulars of
the C. L. S. C., and also said you would be happy to hear of my
success in prosecuting the ‘course,’ etc. Well, owing to a change of
circumstances and other unforeseen events, I have been unable to
take the ‘course,’ though I procured some of the books, and have
been a constant subscriber to The Chautauquan. I must thank you for
sending me those circulars. The little I have read in the ‘course’ has
been a very great benefit to me, indeed. It has improved my mind,
and given me a greater desire for more knowledge; but, perhaps,
better still is this: This year myself and a younger brother—I am
twenty-two years old—have joined the ‘Circle,’ and we are at present
talking about getting up a ‘local circle,’ and, indeed, have things
about arranged for it. I was so pleased with all this that I could not
refrain from writing and telling you, as you were the one who first
sent me the circulars.”

In a pleasant letter to The Chautauquan the secretary of the local

circle of Muscatine (Iowa) says: “The graduates of 1882 still remain
banded together, and are this year pursuing the special course of
Modern History. ‘Fifteen’ is still a favorite number, the number with
which the class was organized in 1878, the number that graduated,
and the number that are at present pursuing the special course.”

A paper in Muscatine, Iowa, furnishes this word picture: The

Bryant memorial, at the residence of P. M. Musser, was one of the
most pleasant and successful anniversary meetings in the history of
the Muscatine Chautauqua circles. There was a large attendance of
both circles and invited guests, and the program proved unusually
interesting and entertaining. The music, which was so appropriately
interspersed through the program, was of a high order of merit,
each number exhibiting much practice and study. The literary
program consisted mainly of finely-rendered recitations and readings
from Bryant’s poems. There was a charmingly-written sketch of
Bryant’s life, which abounded with valuable and interesting facts in
regard to the great poet’s life and the development and growth of
his poetic genius; also a description of Bryant’s 80th year memorial
vase, whose design was so exquisite in beauty and expressive in
sentiment. The special interest of the evening centered in the
discussion on the question—Resolved, that Bryant, as a poet, is
more American than Longfellow. The question was evidently
adopted, not for the purpose of drawing odious comparisons or in
any way detracting from the renown or genius of either of America’s
greatest poets, but for the purpose of presenting the special
characteristics of both. After extending thanks to Mr. and Mrs.
Musser for the cordial hospitality of the evening, the exercises
closed. The Bryant memorial is an occasion to be remembered.

A lady has related to us this interesting experience in the C. L. S.

C.: “In the fall of 1879, while going across the Rocky Mountains in a
stage, a lady (a perfect stranger) told me about the C. L. S. C. She
had the text-book on English History with her and was studying it. I
had just completed a college course, but felt so unsatisfied with the
little I knew, and was longing for some one to direct me. I knew not
what to read, nor how to read. We were in the same town that
winter—Bozeman, Mont.—and with a friend formed a circle of three.
Next year I returned home (Missouri), but too late to have a circle.
Our people had never heard of it. Well, a meeting was held and our
numbers ran up to forty-seven. How our hearts were gladdened!
They have all joined as regular members, and seem so interested.
Quite a number have expressed their regret to me that they did not
join before.”

The president of the Knoxville circle, Mrs. Delia Havey, graduated

at Monteagle last summer, being the first graduate from the
southern Chautauqua. The Chautauquan has neglected to mention that
there was a graduate at Monteagle, but is very glad to note the fact.

At Lake View a New England Branch of the class of ’85 was

organized, with the following officers: President, Rev. J. E. Fullerton,
Hopkinton, Mass.; vice-presidents, Miss Lena A. Chubbeck, New
Bedford, Mass., Miss Alice C. Earle, Newport, R. I., Miss Marcia C.
Smith, Swanton, Vt., Mr. J. B. Underwood, Meriden, Conn.; secretary
and treasurer, Mr. A. B. Comey, South Framingham, Mass. The badge
of class ’85 can be obtained of the president. Each member of the
class of ’85 residing in New England is requested to send his name
and address to the secretary at South Framingham, Mass.

The Augusta, Me., local circle puts a copy of The Chautauquan into
the Y. M. C. A. reading-room of that city. Through the efforts of the
secretary of the circle, a C. L. S. C. circle has been formed among
the young men of the association. The Y. M. C. A. reaches in most
places a large number of young men whose opportunities for culture
are limited. Wherever a society is formed which offers them a
systematic and thorough course of reading, they almost invariably
will avail themselves of its advantages. Other circles may profitably
follow the example of our Augusta friends.

Under the very efficient management of the president, Rev. B. P.

Snow, the interests of the class of ’86 are being subserved. He
requests that secretaries of local circles in New England forward to
the secretary of the New England organization of class of ’86, Miss
Mary R. Hinckley, New Bedford, Mass., name of circle, officers,
number of members, and number of class of ’86. Those reading
alone are requested to forward name and residence. Let this be
promptly attended to, that the organization of this energetic branch
of the class of ’86 may be completed.
 LOCAL CIRCLES.
Canada (Toronto).—The Metropolitan Circle, C. L. S. C., held the
first meeting of the season on Saturday evening, October 27th, and
elected officers for the year. The commencement is an encouraging
one, and we expect a good season’s work. Nearly a quarter of the
members are in the graduating class this year, and most of them will
probably go to Chautauqua for their diplomas. I must thank the
correspondent from Knoxville, Tenn., for the report from that circle in
the November Chautauquan. It has the right ring. We most heartily
reciprocate the greeting, and trust that they, as we, are only in our
infancy of strength.

Ontario (St. Thomas).—The Evening Journal, of St. Thomas, says

of the first meeting of local circles in that city: The inaugural
meeting of the St. Thomas Arc of “The Chautauqua Literary and
Scientific Circle” was held last night. Thirteen members reported
themselves ready for systematic reading. The work of organization
was proceeded with and officers were elected for the ensuing term.
The meetings are to be held every alternate Tuesday evening. After
completing plans for work in detail, the following resolution relative
to the death of the late Mr. Robert Armstrong, was moved and
carried: Resolved, that we, the St. Thomas circle of C. L. S. C., desire
to express our deep and heart-felt sorrow at the demise of our
esteemed and estimable brother, Robert Armstrong, who was
removed from our midst by the mysterious and yet wise hand of
kind Providence, all the more to be regretted from the fact that our
late brother was taken away ere we had yet fully organized our local
circle, he being among the first who united at the inception of it.
And, also, we shall miss his cheerful face and his sterling Christian
character in our intercourse. But at the same time we feel that what
is our loss is his gain, he being admitted into that great circle and to
the Fountain-head of all knowledge. Resolved, that our secretary be
instructed to record these resolutions in the minutes of our circle,
and that our city papers be furnished with a copy of the same.

Maine (Auburn).—The Auburn C. L. S. C. resumed its work in

October, and holds its meetings every second and fourth Friday of
each month. We have had large accessions to our membership, and
we can no longer be accommodated in private parlors. We have
obtained the use of the G. A. R. parlor, where we shall meet for the
winter. We have used the questions in The Chautauquan in our work
heretofore, but are now about to try the experiment of the Round-
Table method. We think it a good plan to have every member
contribute something toward the evening’s work and instruction, and
to that end “topics” are given out by the president, which are usually
historical characters or subjects connected with our reading, and are
given in at the next meeting in the form of short essays, or talks,
just as the member chooses. We have music to open and close the
sessions, and usually find time for some social converse after the
work of the evening is over. On the occasion of our observance of
Bryant’s day, able papers on the “Life” and “Works” of the poet were
read, and selections were read by various members, which, with
music, made up a very enjoyable program. We have obtained of the
county authorities the use of a room in the courthouse building
(Auburn being a shire town), free of cost, to be used for natural
history collections, and have already made a creditable beginning in
the way of minerals. We shall solicit, not to say beg, specimens of
anybody and everybody whom we think will be likely to heed our
call. Last winter, under the auspices of the united circles of Auburn
and Lewiston, Rev. George W. Perry gave a series of six lectures on
Astronomy, illustrated by the stereopticon. Mr. Perry’s enthusiastic
interest in his grand theme, and marked clearness in conveying
instruction make him an able lecturer, and his efforts resulted in
much profit and quickening of interest among his hearers.
 Massachusetts (Lynn).—The Thorndike local circle was formed
in this city in October, 1882, with a membership of twenty, which
increased during the year to forty, most of whom have kept up the
required reading. We are very fortunate in having as our instructor
Prof. Edward Johnson, Jr., a well known and successful teacher. Our
meetings, which were public, were held in the ladies’ parlor of the
Boston Street M. E. Church. During the year our instructor gave us
several interesting and instructive lectures on subjects connected
with the study of the prescribed course. We also had a lecture by
Rev. W. N. Richardson, of Saugus, a thorough Chautauquan, on “Self
Culture, and the C. L. S. C.,” and by the Rev. James L. Hill, of this
city, on “How to be at home at home.” Our meetings have usually
been held monthly, but we have concluded we can do more and
better work by having them oftener, and so have decided to meet at
the homes of the members semi-monthly. Our meetings are full of
interest, and there is an earnest determination among the members
to make this year one of great success. We send greeting to our
fellow students, and salute them in the words of the song, “All hail!
C. L. S. C.”

Massachusetts (Winchendon).—The Alpha Circle was organized

in December, 1882, with a membership of eleven, and we now
number eighteen. Our meetings are held once in two weeks, and are
well attended. Our program consists of essays, readings, questions
on topics studied, music, recitations, etc. This year our Committee of
Instruction has adopted the plan of choosing for each meeting two
members to arrange the program. This gives a greater variety of
work and increases the interest among all the members. We find the
questions in The Chautauquan a great help, and frequently use the
Chautauquan songs and games.

Connecticut (West Stratford).—A class of twenty-three members

has been organized here this fall for C. L. S. C. studies. Much
interest is felt, and our meetings are very thoroughly enjoyed. We
are proud to add our names to the large army of students looking
toward Chautauqua’s noble halls.

Rhode Island (Providence).—Hope Circle began its second year

by holding its first regular meeting October 22. About seventy-five
persons were present. Miss Leavitt, who has visited Chautauqua,
conducted a C. L. S. C. Round-Table, which the circle very much
enjoyed. About fifty questions were asked, and a few could not be
answered; those unanswered were given to a question committee,
to be answered by them at the next meeting. We began with fifteen
members, now number fifty-nine, and are constantly increasing. We
hope, during the winter, to have the other circles which are forming
here, meet with us and enjoy the lectures and talks which we
propose to have. We celebrated “Bryant’s Day” by holding
appropriate exercises. The entertainment consisted of piano solos,
sketches of the poet’s life, reading of his most noted poems, and
Chautauqua songs. All memorial days are celebrated in like manner.

New York (Saugerties).—Our little circle began the year’s work

with increased membership and interest. We now number fourteen.
Our weekly meetings are very pleasant. We review the reading by
questions and discussion, and have occasional essays. We have
grown into the writing so gradually that the word “essay” has been
robbed of its terrors. We began with “five minute sketches,” and
“essays” not exceeding six pages, all writing at the same time,
though not always on the same topic. We found no difficulty in
securing for our Bryant day a very entertaining paper from one of
our young ladies, of a half hour in length.

New York (Troy).—Beman Park Circle, of this city, has fourteen

members and four officers. A critic is also appointed at each meeting
to observe all errors in language and report at the next meeting. A
special feature of our meeting is that our president reads the lessons
for one meeting ahead, and selects questions, giving two or three to
each member for special study. Our meeting opens with the report
of the secretary and the critic of the previous meeting; then the
questions that have been given us are read and answered. Each one
having given especial attention to his two or three questions, we can
converse more intelligently than if we gave the same attention to all.
Besides, each seeks to obtain all accessible information on his
special subjects, which adds greatly to the interest of the meeting.
After this exercise we spend a short time in conversation of a literary
character, and then close.

South Carolina (Greenville).—On October 16 some of the young

people of this place met and organized a local circle; we now have
fifteen members. The membership consists mostly of young ladies
and young gentlemen who have finished college, but are desirous of
reviewing, and keeping up a literary taste. We endeavored, in our
organization, to combine the good features of several different
systems which we saw described in The Chautauquan. First, we have a
question box, into which each member is expected to place at least
one question and not more than four; these questions to have a
bearing on the lesson for the evening. The questions are read out by
the secretary, one at a time, and the president calls upon some
member to answer it. After this we have music by some member of
the circle. Thirdly, we have a selection read before the body, which is
followed in turn by an essay. Lastly, about twenty minutes is devoted
to a general exercise, during which time any member may occupy
the floor in delivering a short talk appropriate to the lesson, or may
call upon some one else to do so. All of our members seem
enthusiastic, and we think that much good will be done. We appoint
a critic at each meeting to note the performances and pass criticisms
thereon. We have a complete organization, with a constitution, by-
laws, and a full set of officers.

Ohio (Perrysburg).—The local circle here was reorganized the last

week in September. We have a membership of fifteen, an increase of
nine over last year. This was accomplished by the earnest work of
some of our last year’s members, who were at Chautauqua during
the past summer. We meet once a week. We follow the plan of work
laid out in The Chautauquan, and enjoy it very much. Our meetings are
always opened with one of the Chautauqua songs, followed by the
reading of a responsive service, then we talk about the week’s
reading, or have some one appointed to question the class, and
occasionally we have an essay or two. We celebrated Bryant’s day by
a little entertainment consisting of selected reading from his works,
essays, and music. Each member invited two friends, so we had
quite a gathering, and we all felt that the evening had not only
passed pleasantly, but to us, at least, it was also profitably spent.

Indiana (New Albany).—Our circle is an ever widening one;

indeed, it can scarcely be called a complete circle, as it is constantly
being broken in order to allow others to join hands with those
already enjoying its pleasures. The grading, however, is complete,
there being seniors, juniors, sophomores and freshmen. No
particular program is carried out. In our reading we mark anything
especially interesting, or about which we wish an explanation; these
points are asked for by the president, at the next meeting, and
thoroughly discussed or explained. Sometimes when the members
are undecided in regard to the answer to any particular question, it
is left over for the next meeting, all the members in the meantime
examining all the authority they can on the subject.

Illinois (Metropolis).—Our local C. L. S. C. for 1883-4 was

organized September 28. Our membership at present is nine,
consisting of beginners of the class of 1887. The manner in which
the work has been taken up and is being carried on seems to
indicate a year of solid work, and necessarily great profit. Our
president is energetic and self-sacrificing; and with him as our leader
we shall surely succeed.
 Kentucky (Hardinsburg).—We are a new society, numbering only
ten, organized last September by Miss Anna L. Gardiner, a graduate
of the C. L. S. C. class of 1882. What we lack in numbers we make
up in zeal. Already we feel that the Chautauqua course of reading
and study is necessary to our existence. Our weekly meetings are
delightful, and we are studying hard, determined that our circle shall
be one of the bright stars in 1887. We celebrated Bryant’s day with
the following program: Opening exercises, Rev. R. G. Gardiner;
Bryant’s letter on the C. L. S. C., Miss Anna L. Gardiner; music, Myra
Heston; “Planting the Apple Tree,” Linnie Haswell; music, Charles
Jolly; “The Death of the Flowers,” Annie Bassett; music, Linnie
Haswell; “Thanatopsis,” Clare Jolly; music, Myra Heston; reading,
Col. Alf. Allen; music, Miss Clara Jolly; “Forest Hymn,” Myra Heston;
music, Linnie Haswell; address on Life and Works of W. C. Bryant,
Rev. J. G. Haswell; song, “Good-night,” Miss Myra Heston.

Kentucky (Lexington).—The second year’s work of the Lexington

Social Circle began the first week in October, with a membership of
thirty, adding to our last year’s number several new names. Every
month a committee of two is appointed by the leader to prepare
questions upon studies we then have. They have the right to appoint
certain persons for any special subject that the lesson may suggest.
To give a clear idea of how our circle is conducted I give the order of
exercises of October 26. The class was called to order by the leader,
and exercises were opened by singing one of the C. L. S. C. songs,
followed by roll call, and the minutes of last meeting. Questions
were then asked by one of the committee on the lesson in Greek
History, bringing out all of the main points in the lesson; then
followed questions on American Literature by the other member of
committee, bringing in as special subjects, School and Life of John
Stuart Mill, Swedenborgian Doctrines, and the Philosophy and Life of
Coleridge; all of these having been mentioned in our text-book of
Literature. Following these we had criticisms, our C. L. S. C. mottoes
given in concert by the class, and the business of the circle. Two
hours having been spent very pleasantly and profitably we had
second roll call, each member giving a quotation in answer to their
names, after which we adjourned.

Tennessee (Knoxville).—The Bryant memorial day was observed

by our circle with appropriate services. The hall was tastefully
decorated with ivy and flowers. A large picture of Bryant, wreathed
with ivy, hung over the organ. The exercises were opened with the
C. L. S. C. hymn, “A Song of To-day.” At roll call each member
responded with a quotation from Bryant. Essays were read on the
“Life, Works and Death of Bryant,” his “Influence and Friends,” and
“The Bryant Vase.” The following poems were read: “Planting of the
Apple Tree,” “A Forest Hymn,” and “The Flood of Years.” The circle
then joined in singing the closing hymn, “The Day is Dying.” Many
visitors were present, and the evening was pronounced by all
exceedingly pleasant.

Tennessee (Memphis).—On October 1, 1883, a small band of

Memphians met and resolved to pursue the C. L. S. C. course
together, under the name of “The Southern Circle.” Mr. L. H. Estes, a
prominent young lawyer, who spent the month of August at
Chautauqua, was elected president, and really it is to his earnest
efforts that this circle owes its existence. We meet the first and third
Monday of each month, and find the meetings both pleasant and
profitable. All are highly interested in the studies, and hope by
zealous work to make the circle well worthy of the name it bears.

Michigan (Flushing).—There are twenty-one members of the C.

L. S. C. here. All are not able to attend our Hope class, which was
reorganized and held its first regular meeting October 5. Eight of us
belong to the class of ’84, and to each the reading has been a
source of much enjoyment and instruction.

Minnesota (Worthington).—The first meeting, held October 29,

was very enjoyable. At roll call each member responded with a
quotation from Bryant. A paper was then read on the Life and Works
of the poet. A short time was given to recitation of the Greek History
for the evening, with free conversation on obscure or imperfectly
understood points in the studies. The evening was thoroughly
enjoyed, and impetus given to a circle already in a flourishing
condition.

Iowa (Des Moines).—The Alpha C. L. S. C. sends greeting to

sister circles throughout the land. Our class organized last October
with thirty members, and though to many of us—who left our school
rooms long ago—the work seemed almost appalling, we have
realized that we are never too old to learn, and that after a little
application our lessons are mastered far more easily than we could
have believed. The benefit is not merely what we have acquired
during the year, but in the incentive we have to continue.

Missouri (Carthage).—The Carthage Literary Association,

composed of the different societies known as C. L. S. C., Alpha, N. N.
C., Shakspere, and C. S. C., held a Longfellow memorial service June
1st, 1882. The program was as follows: Piano duet; sketch of
Longfellow’s life; reading—Rain in Summer; song—The Bridge;
recitation—Famine; song—Rainy Day; essay—Longfellow’s writings;
reading (with chorus)—The Blind Girl; Story of Evangeline; The
Chamber over the Gate; recitation—Launching of the Ship; Miles
Standish’s Courtship; song—Beware. Remarks were made by the
president, altogether making a very pleasant and profitable reunion.
Our second meeting, a Shakspere memorial, was held at the
Carthage Opera House, June 1, 1883. Program: Cornet solo—Old
Folks at Home; essay—The Mound Builders; duet (vocal)—When Life
is Brightest; reading—The Casket Scene, Merchant of Venice; solo—
Waiting; essay—A Sketch of Elizabeth; Literature; tableau—Isabella;
cornet solo—Mocking Bird and Variations; recitation—Le Cid; tableau
—Charlotte Corday in Prison; essay—The Daughters of King Lear;
solo—The Clouds have Passed Away; essay—Women of Ancient
Greece; tableaux—Queen Anne. The stage decorations were highly
artistic. Not the least attraction was an elaborate monogram, copied
from the title page of The Chautauquan. It was composed of scarlet
geranium blossoms, the groundwork of the leaves, and rested upon
an easel, facing the audience. It elicited many appreciative remarks.
Other memorials have been held by the circle, both profitable and
pleasant; the last upon Bryant’s day.

Dakota (Chamberlain).—Here on the banks of the Missouri, more

than a thousand miles from its birthplace, has the Chautauqua Idea
found a home. We have formed a circle of twenty-seven members.
Two of these belong to the class of ’84; the rest are freshmen. In
our number are a banker, an editor, a physician, a lawyer, two
ministers, and a number of ladies who might well occupy any one of
these positions. We meet once a week, and usually the week’s
readings are reviewed by topics drawn by each of the members from
a prepared list. This week we are to have a Longfellow evening, and
the first number of our paper is to be read. We intend that you shall
hear again from your frontier outpost at Chamberlain.

California (Sacramento).—It may not be too late to mention our

reunion of last June; it was held in the Presbyterian Church parlors,
which were well filled with an intellectual and deeply interested
audience. The place was beautifully decorated with a profusion of
flowers; pillars were twined with ivy, and banners of the different
nations whose history we had been studying were arranged upon
the walls, with the American flag falling in graceful folds above the
familiar C. L. S. C., which was formed of flowers, each letter of a
different color, arranged in a half circle over 1883 in green. The
literary exercises were followed by the report of the year’s work, in
which it was stated that twelve hundred and fifty pages had been
read during the Chautauqua year of nine months; essays and
papers, sixty-two; questions prepared by committees and answered
in writing, nine hundred and twenty; total membership, thirty-eight;
average weekly attendance, twenty. The circle this year has taken a
step forward and has reached the rule of division, since our numbers
have increased so rapidly. A second circle has been formed and
named, in honor of our leader, “Vincent Circle.” At our regular
meeting on November 5, Bryant’s memorial day was observed by an
interesting program after our regular work had been done, omitting
only our oral exercises. Our circle of twenty-one members has
entered enthusiastically into the year’s studies, and our method of
work is as follows: Committees select several topics from each study,
upon which papers are prepared and read the following week. From
eight to ten papers are read at each meeting, and oral exercises,
consisting of readings from The Chautauquan, the critic’s report,
together with our general business, complete the exercises. It is our
intention to observe each memorial day, and arrangements are now
in progress for an entertainment in which both circles will unite.
 C. L. S. C. ROUND-TABLE.[L]
WAYS OF ORGANIZING LOCAL CIRCLES AND
PROVIDING FOR THE POOR.
There are two points which I would be glad to have discussed a
little this evening that are of great practical interest to us in
extending the growth of the Circle into new territory. The first, in
ways of extending the influence of the Circle, and of organizing new
local circles. I do not mean ways of conducting circles, or plans of
managing your circles, but ways of introducing the work where it is
not now introduced, and of organizing new circles in localities that
know little or nothing about the work of the C. L. S. C.
Upon this point I should be glad to have testimony or suggestions
from any person who has had experience in that line. We all feel
that this work should be done. We understand the embarrassments
which prevent this extension. Yet, by comparing notes one with the
other, we may be able to overcome the embarrassments. I should be
glad this afternoon to hear from a number in answer to this
question: “How can we organize new circles in localities that do not
have them now?”
A voice: It seems to me, sir, if we would invite from the locality in
which we want to introduce a circle, one or two persons to visit our
own circle and see the work we are doing, we might thus incite and
be enabled to form a circle, taking the one or two members whom
we have invited as the nucleus.
Mr. Gillet: I think this is a very valuable suggestion.
Rev. W. D. Bridge: Make use of C. L. S. C. stationery.
 A voice: I suggest this: Write an article for the local paper
explaining the objects and operations of the Circle, and appoint a
time and a place for all persons who have read the paper to meet
and talk it over.
Mr. Gillet: It is surprising to find out how many editors there are
who know nothing about the C. L. S. C. It is a good plan to post
them, especially local editors. Introduce them to the little green
book, and get them to read it through, or ask them to listen while
you read it to them. Any other suggestions?
I will say in that connection that a plan was organized or
developed last year in what is known as the correspondence
committee. I had hoped that I should be able to have a report from
the correspondence committee of the Society of the Hall in the
Grove. A plan was organized before leaving Chautauqua, concerning
the way in which these articles for the papers should be written. The
members of the committee wrote articles for the local papers, and
corresponded with persons in different parts of the territory which
they represented. As a result several new local circles were formed,
and a good many were induced to become members of the circle.
A voice: I live in a little town of about one thousand inhabitants.
We had already organized a reading circle composed of judges,
clerks, merchants, mechanics, business men, and women. We were
thinking of taking the course of the C. L. S. C. We shall have no
difficulty in getting persons to come for the purpose of organization.
I would like to know how we should proceed after we have gotten
our people together. How would you organize and conduct a local
circle?
Mr. Gillet: The question has been asked several times during the
Assembly, and has been answered by numerous testimonies from
persons who are managers of local circles. The best way is the
simplest, appointing as few officers as possible, having some one
who will be responsible as conductor or leader of the circle, and then
put as much enthusiasm and life into the organization as possible.
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