TABUK INSTITUTE

United Church of Christ in the Philippines

Magsaysay, Tabuk City, Kalinga
email address: [email protected]
CP No. 09067731977
Junior High School Program- Accredited Level II- 3Year Re-Accreditation Status

Elementary Department

COMPUTER V
First Quarter
S.Y. 2022-2023

UNIT 1
Information and Communication
Technology

Prepared by:

NORMAN G. DACANAY
Subject Teacher
 Computer V
Unit 1: Information and Communication Technology
Information and Communication Technology
Information and Communication technology, or ICT, is a
set of tools and resources used to create or distribute, store, and
manage information. It is also used for communication. These
tools include computers, radios, TV’s, telephones, and the internet.
Today, ICT is used in education to make learning more effective
and engaging. There are numerous technological tools that, when
used appropriately, will enhance teaching methods and foster pupil
engagement and learning,

The Internet
The Internet is a global network that connects computers, devices, and facilities around the world. It
started in 1960 as a project of the US Department of Defense called advanced Research Project Agency
Network or ARPANET, which aims to connect millions of computer networks around the world. It works like
a giant web that links networks and digital devices anywhere around the globe.

Uses of the Internet

The Internet is a powerful tool that you use every day at home or in school. It has a wide use in many areas.
Below are some of them.

Communication
People living far away from each other used to communicate through phone calls,
letters sent through postal system or telegrams.

Research
In the past, the library was a reliable source of information. Today, the internet
has become a major source of information. Using a mouse buttons or keys on
keyboard, you can find information you need about any subject through the internet.

Education
Teachers and pupils used to rely on available books for their resources. With the
advent of the internet, more resources and opportunities have become available to make
learning accessible, effective, and enjoyable.

Financial Transactions
The internet has made online money transfer as convenient as checking your
email. There is a variety of online services for money transfer and bills payment
using your computer or mobile device. Bank institutions provide tools for online
transactions anytime and anywhere.
Real-Time News and Information
You can be updated about new, issues, and events in different
parts of the world. There are various websites that provide real-time
updates in sports, politics, finance, business, entertainment, among
others.

Entertainment
The internet can be a source of entertainment and relaxation-
making it possible for you to watch movies and television show, listen
to and download music, play games, and connect with friends.

3
Travel Transaction
Before the area of the internet, people personally went to booking offices to purchase train, bus, or plane
tickets. Today, the internet make online transportation booking and ticket purchases possible. A number of
bus, airline, shipping, and railway companies now have websites where you can select from various
destinations and scheduled trips, choose seats, purchase tickets, and even arrange for port or station.

Job Search

The internet is useful for people who are searching for jobs. There are several
websites that post current job openings in the Philippine and event in other countries.

Online Shopping
The internet is useful for shopping. There are numerous websites that offer
home appliances, electronic devices, car parts and accessories, beauty and fashion
items, toys, food, and many other products and services.

Internet Safety and Security

Almost every information you need is available on the internet. You can do many tasks through the internet.
With the different possibilities in the use of the internet, you need to understand your responsibility in observing
safety rules. Information security breaches and threats to personal safety have increased exponentially with the
number of users, applications, and tools available online. You should be aware of some practices related to
these breaches and threats so that you can have safe and secure online experiences.

Internet Scams
These are schemes used by the thieves to deceive and take advantages of users.
An example is an online shopping scam, where scammers pretend to be legitimate
sellers by using a fake website.
Phishing
This is a type of scam in which information thieves disguise themselves as other people,
friends, relative, or even yourself to obtain one’s personal information, such as
username, password, and credit details, for malicious reasons. It often occurs in you
open unwanted email or messages that contain links, which require you to enter
your personal information

Cyberstalking
This occurs when a user is being harassed or threatened by another user through email,
instant messaging, social media, or chat rooms.

Cyberbullying
This is a form of bullying using electronic devices such as cell phones or
smartphones, tablets, and computers through communication tool such as instant
messaging, social media email, among others. Cyberbullying includes posting
sensitive photos or videos online to embarrass, harass, or say mean things to a
person.

Extortion
This is a form of blackmail. Extortion is the act of demanding money from the
victim in exchange of keeping information or photos that will embarrass them or
harm their reputation. Usually, extortionist befriend the victim and eventually
persuade them to meet personally.

Here are some guidelines for your online safety and security.
• Use strong password.
A password is a secret code used to access an account or document. Do not use an easy-to-guess password
such as your birthday, name of a family member, friend, or pet, favorite thing, or your nickname. Use a
combination of symbols, numbers, and uppercase and lowercase letters in your password to make it hard to
others to guess. Never share your password no anyone. How
Ever, because you are a minor, you may need to share your password with your parents, a trusted elder, or your
teacher.
• Be wise.
Be careful with your information you give online. Do not give personal information, such as your
home address or telephone number, when someone asks for it or when a website requires you to enter them.
Do not communicate with strangers online or accept anything that they offer.
• Shop safety.
Make sure that the online store you are accessing to shop uses security tools before you purchase an item.
You would know if a website uses security technology if the web address begins with https, which stands for
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure, and has a tiny padlock symbol beside it.
• What out for scams.
Do not click links inside unwanted emails of websites as this could lead to phishing. By clicking the link,
you will be directed to unwanted websites that asks you for your personal information, which they can use to
steal or extort money for you.
• Update your security software regularly.
Ask your parents or teacher to make sure that your antivirus or other security software is updated
to detect malicious software that can harm your computer. Malicious software, or malware, such as viruses
sometimes get installed in your computer when a website opens after you click a link that offers online games
or other perks.
Web Browser and Search Engine
The difference between a web browser and search engine. A web browser is a software installed in your
computer that allows you to access websites and web pages in the internet.
A search engine is a software that is designed to search for information using specific keywords. A
keyword is a word or phrase that you can type into a search bar to enable the search engine to find information
on a topic. A search engine searches for information through specified keywords and provides a list of available
web pages where the keywords were found.

Common Parts of a web browser

Function buttons.
These allow you to perform various tasks, such as going back to the previous page viewed, forwarding or
moving on to the next page, refreshing the web page, and so on.
Address bar.
This is where you type the URL of the website you want to visit.
Control buttons.
These buttons allow you to minimize the window to Taskbar button, maximize or expand the window to
fill the entire screen, and close the window.
Search engine.
This is a software that allow you to search for and access information in the World Wide Web.
Search bar.
This is where you type in the keyword/s or phrase that describe/s the information you want to search.

Searching the Internet Quickly and Effectively

In searching in the internet, specifying the keyword/s is only the first step. When you a multiple-choice
exam, you eliminate the irrelevant answer to identify the best one.
Here are some tips you need to consider.
1. Use specific keywords that best describe what you are looking for. To search for exact words, enclose
the keywords in a quotation marks.
 Example: “cook pancake.”

2. Narrow the search using the plus (+) or minus (-) operator to include or exclude specific words.
Example: “cook pancake” + peanut butter or “cook pancake” – butter.

3. Do not use stop words that are normally ignored by search engines. Stop words are commonly used
words such as a, an, the, in, of, on, are, be, if, into, which, etc. that are insignificant and are
programmed to be removed by most search engines.
4. Capitalization does not matter since most search engines do not recognized uppercase from
lowercase. 11

5. Refine your searches using wildcards and Boolean operators. Wildcards are characters that are used
to replace or represent one or more characters. The two most commonly used are the following:
• Asterisk (*)-used to represent any number characters.
Example: searching for compu* will look for words with compu as well as possible endings.
• Question Mark (?)-used to represent a single character, anywhere in the keyword.
Example: searching for te?t Might result in test and text.
6. Use other search engines if you still have not found the exact information you need. If you have been
searching for more than 20 minutes, these may mean that no information is available in the topic.

7. Add the keyword image if you are looking for images.

Example: pancake images

Techno Tips and Tricks

Avoid plagiarism and copyright infringement when using information from pages on the
internet. Plagiarism is the act of taking someone else’s original work and presenting it as your own.
A website is a collection of web pages that are related to each other. A web page, on the
other hand, is an independent page or document in a website.

Evaluating Internet Resources

Although a vast amount of information is available on the internet, not all is accurate, or updated. Opinions,
misconceptions, or misleading or biased information are often presented as facts and perceived by readers as truth. Thus,
an evaluation of the accuracy of ay information and the credibility of its author is vital before accepting and using it in
your work.
Here are some tips to evaluate the credibility of a website.
• Start with the sites you know.
Start with website created by authors or organizations that you know and trust. You can compare information from
those sites and other information from other sources.
• Check when the information was created.
It is important to check if the information you find is recent or outdated. If the information is created more than
10 years ago, look for recent sources. A website with dead links is an indicator that the article is outdated and is not
maintained. A reliable website is always updated to engage a wide range of its readers.
• Check the author’s credentials.
The author’s credentials is one of the most important criteria in evaluating the reliability of any information. A
good and accurate article comes from experts in a given field. For example, if you are looking for information about
toothaches, a certified dentist who has been practicing for over 20 years is a reliable source. The author also provides
information to validate his or her credentials (occupation, years of experience, position, or education) which is usually
found at the bottom of the page.
• Check the domain name of the website.
The simplest way is to check the domain name of the website. A domain name is a unique identification of an
Internet Protocol address on the internet. In the URL http://www.deped.gov.ph/k-to-12, deped.gov.ph is the domain
name.
The following are the different top-level domains:
• gov – government agencies
• edu – educational institutions
• org – nonprofit organizations
• mil – military
• com – commercial business
• net – network organizations
Domain names that end with .gov and .edu are reliable sources. Articles in these domains, written by professionals
or experts on a particular subject, a reviewed and validated before they get published on the internet. The author’s
credentials are included for verification as well.
Organizations with information about their advocacy to help others are generally credible and unbiased. However,
there are also organizations that are registered with an .org address, even though their credibility and fairness are no
established.
Domain names that end with .com and .net are often used in businesses to sell products and services. Moreover,
information on their website comes with the goal of attracting potential customers to be interested in buying their
products.
Saving and Organizing Online Resources
You have probably bookmarked some pages of your favorite book. You take a small piece of cardboard
or sticky note and put it on the page/s you like. You do this so that you can easily go back to the page and
continue reading or to make an important content on that book.
Did you know that you can also do the same with your online resources? An online service that allows
keeping and organizing your favorite and important websites or easy access is called social bookmarking.
Tagging and organizing websites makes them easily accessible anywhere and allows you to share them with
others.
Though there are several social bookmarking services, you can use your browser to save links to web
pages you want to remember or share. To do this, follow these steps.
1. Go to the page you want to bookmark.
2. Click the Start icon at the end of the address bar at the top of the window.
3. Name the bookmark and select the folder where you want to save it. You may create a new folder so
you can organize related web pages in one location.

Online Communication Tools

In much of the world, the Internet is becoming the primary medium for communication in business.
Internet communication tools save money in a variety of ways. Email, instant messaging and social networking
are all free. There are many different kinds of Internet
communications tool, such as email, VoIP, forums,
online chat and social networking among others.
Using the latest tools and methods of communicating
over the Internet is essential for bringing your
business into the modern age of communication and
marketing.
Online Communication means communication
between individuals over the internet. Online
Communication tolls include:
*Email
* Chat rooms
* Forums
* Instant messengers
* Comments on blogs
* Social Networking sites
Online Chats
Online chat refers to real-time communication with others anywhere
around the world using the Internet. This method of online communication
is synchronous. A variety of chat rooms is open for people to join in a
conversation using text or audio, and instantly read or hear others reactions
about the topic. Tinychat, Spinchat, and many more offer chat rooms about
a variety of interest.

Instant Messaging
Instant messaging (IM) technology is a type of online chat that offers real-time text transmission over
the Internet. A LAN messenger operates in a similar way over a local area network. Short messages are
typically transmitted between two parties, when each user chooses to complete a thought and select "send".
Some IM applications can use push technology to provide real-time text, which transmits messages character
by character, as they are composed. More advanced instant messaging can add file transfer, clickable
hyperlinks, Voice over IP, or video chat.
Use a messenger app to talk with friends and family. You have a lot of options for chatting online with
people you know, most of which are free. Aside from email and text, you can use popular apps to chat via text
or do a video chat. Invite your friends and family to join an app with you. Here are some apps you might try:
* Facebook messenger * Kik
* Whatsapp * Snapchat
* Skype
Forums
An Internet forum, or message board, is an online discussion
site where people can hold conversations in the form of posted
messages. They differ from chat rooms in that messages are often
longer than one line of text, and are at least temporarily archived. Also,
depending on the access level of a user or the forum set-up, a posted
message might need to be approved by a moderator before it becomes
publicly visible.

Netiquette
Before you chat with anyone, whether it is with
someone you have known for a long time or with people
you have just met, understand that chatting, as with any
human interaction, requires a sense of courtesy and
responsibility. There are rules of conduct and behavior
that you need to follow. These rules apply when you
send emails, post using social media, or participate in
chats and any other activity online. These rules are
called netiquette.

Netiquette is a set of guidelines on proper online

behavior to show respect and courtesy to other online
users. It is formed by the combination of the word net
(from internet) and etiquette (the set of rules for acceptable behavior).
For Instant Messaging
• Check the status of the other person. If the person you want to talk to is away or on busy mode, do
not send a message.
• Start with a short greeting. Wait for the other person’s response to know if he or she is busy or
available to chat.
• Adjust the conversation style according to whom you are talking to. The way you talk to your friends
is different from the way you talk to your parents or teachers. Adjust the style of communication
accordingly. 19
• Be mindful of your abbreviations. Make sure to use appropriate abbreviations when chatting. You
will learn more of these abbreviations in the succeeding topics.
• Use appropriate emoticons to express how you feel. Different emoticons are listed in the succeeding
topics.
• End the conversation politely with a tone of thankfulness for the time they have spent chatting with
you.

For Chat Rooms and Forums

• Be courteous. As with instant messaging, start with a short greeting.
• Stay on the topic. Do not start another topic as it will distract the users and lengthen the discussion.
• Respect the views and opinions of others. Strive to understand and learn from the views of others. Do
not force others to understand you or get angry when others disagree with you. If you disagree with
anyone’s opinion, express it politely by saying, “I got your point, but I think…” Always use a calm
tone.
• Do not discriminate. If you feel uneasy about a person because of their gender, nationality, culture,
beliefs, or other traits, keep it to yourself. If you think that having interactions with them will not
have good results, do not be rude to them. Instead, find other chat rooms that discuss the same
interests.
• Do not divulge secrets or personal information. Never tell secrets about yourself or your friends to
anyone else. This also applies to your personal information, as they may use it for wrongful purposes.
• Do not type in ALL CAPS unless you are using acronyms. ALL CAPS can be interpreted as shouting.
Shouting is not polite and can cause misunderstandings.
• Read all messages thoroughly before posting your opinion. Make sure that you know and understand
what the discussion is about. Do not post information or comments if you are not knowledgeable
about the topic. Do your research before you contribute to the discussion, so that you will be able to
participate properly and not mislead others or get lost in the conversation. You do not want to find
yourself repeating someone else’s comments or you will not help in the discussion move forward.

Storing and Sharing Files Online

In the past, file sharing needed storage media, such as a floppy disk or a compact disk, to store files. One
would then give it to others who need the files to transfer them in their own computer units. Today, file
sharing is possible over the internet, facilitating collaboration.

After you read the common files that can be stored and shared online you must have an email account to send
files online so were going use the Gmail. Gmail is a free email service developed by Google. Users can access
Gmail on the web, tablets, and smartphones as well as with third-party programs that synchronize email
content.
Email accounts may seem relatively harmless, but kids as young as five often have their own email
address for their online activities. It is nearly impossible to create an online profile without an email address.
That said, an unchecked email address is a potential access point for your child to correspond with people
you do not know.

For Kids Under 13

For children under 13, Google Accounts will need to be created with an app called Family Link, which you
can also use to supervise their Google Accounts.

How to create a Google Account for children under 13 using Mobile phones

1.Download the Family Link app.

2.Open the Family Link app.
3.In the top right, tap Create or +.
4.Follow the instructions on screen to create your child’s account.
5.When you're done, a confirmation will show on the screen.

How Gmail accounts are different for kids under 13

For the most part, Gmail will be the same for children as it is for adults. There are only a few Gmail features
that aren't available to children under 13.

• Ads: Google won't serve ads in Gmail or process Gmail messages for advertising purposes.
• Automatic forwarding: Children can't automatically forward emails to another email address.
Gmail offline: If their device isn't connected to the internet, children can’t read, send, or search their Gmail
emails.
• Google+: Children can't use any Google+ features available in Gmail.
• Labs: Children can’t turn on experimental Gmail features.
• Mail delegation: Children can't give someone else access to read, send, or delete their emails.
• Spam: If Gmail identifies an email as spam, it won't get delivered to your child's inbox or spam
folder.