1

All India 2024 Solved

Paper
This sample is taken from the “Score 100 Social Science CBSE
Class 10th 12 Previous Year-wise Solved Papers (2013 - 2024)
with Revision Cheat Sheets 4th Edition | PYQs for 2025 Exam”

ISBN - 9789362255983
 All India 2024
CBSE Board Solved Paper
Time Allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 80

General Instructions:
Read the following instructions very carefully and strictly follow them:
1. This question paper contains 37 questions. All questions are compulsory.
2. Question paper is divided into six sections - Section A, B, C, D, E and F.
3. Section A - Questions number 1 to 20 are Multiple Choice type questions. Each question carries 1 mark.
4. Section B - Questions number 21 to 24 are Very Short Answer type questions. Each question carries 2 marks. Answer
to these questions should not exceed 40 words.
5. Section C - Questions number 25 to 29 are Short Answer type questions. Each question carries 3 marks. Answer to
these questions should not exceed 60 words.
6. Section D - Questions number 30 to 33 are Long Answer (LA) type questions. Each question carries 5 marks. Answer
to these questions should not exceed 120 words.
7. Section E - Questions number 34 to 36 are Case-based/Source-based questions with three sub-questions. Each question
carries 4 marks.
8. Section F - Questions number 37 is Map skill-based question with two parts - 37(a) History (2 marks) and 37(b) from
Geography (3 marks). This question carries total 5 marks.
9. In addition to this, NOTE that a separate question has been provided for Visually Impaired candidates in lieu of questions
having visual inputs, map etc. Such questions are to be attempted by Visually Impaired candidates only.

(c) Tarabai Shinde

SECTION - A
(d) Kailashbashini Debi
(Multiple Choice Question) (20 × 1 = 20) 4. Arrange the following events in chronological order and
1. In which one of the following states is 'bamboo drip choose the correct option.  1
irrigation system' prevalent? 1 I. Formation of Khilafat Committee in Bombay
(a) Tamil Nadu (b) West Bengal II. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
(c) Meghalaya (d) Odisha III. Bardoli Satyagraha
2. Match Column I with Column II and choose the correct IV. Withdrawal of Non-Cooperation Movement
option. 1
(a) I, II, III, IV (b) II, I, IV, III
Column-I Column-II
(c) I, II, IV, III (d) III, IV, II, I
(National Park) (State)
5. Which one of the following religions emerged from
i. Kaziranga a. Madhya Pradesh eastern India and spread in several directions through
ii. Jim Corbett b. Assam intersecting points on the 'silk routes'? 1
iii. Sunderbans c. Uttarakhand (a) Hinduism (b) Christianity
iv. Bandhavgarh d. West Bengal (c) Buddhism (d) Jainism
(a) i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d 6. Who among the following hosted the 'Vienna Congress'
(b) i-d, ii-c, iii-b, iv-a in 1815? 1
(c) i-c, ii-b, iii-d, iv-a (a) Chancellor Duke Metternich
(d) i-b, ii-c, iii-d, iv-a (b) Ernst Renan
3. Choose the correct option to fill in the blank. 1 (c) William I
th
In the begining of the 19 century, _______ a girl married (d) Otto von Bismarck
in a very orthodox household wrote an autobiography 7. Select the formal sources of credit from the given sources
called ‘Amar Jiban’. and choose the correct option. 1
(a) Pandita Ramabai I. Bank II. Moneylender
(b) Rashsundari Devi III. Cooperatives IV. Businessman
2SOCIAL SCIENCE-10
(a) Only I and II (b) Only II and III (a) Bhojpuri (b) Garhwali
(c) Only I and III (d) Only I and IV (c) Nepali (d) Rajasthani
8. Which one of the following sectors has the highest share 14. Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A)
in employment in India?  1 and Reason (R).  1
(a) Primary (b) Secondary Assertion (A) : Multi-party system has been adopted in
(c) Tertiary (d) Quaternary India.
9. Which one of the following is included in 'liberalization'? Reason (R) : It is capable of accommodating all the
(a) Promoting trade barriers 1 social and geographical differences in India.
(b) Removing trade barriers (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct
(c) Controlling the other country through trade explanation of (A).
(d) Increasing import, export duty on goods (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct
explanation of (A).
10. Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A)
and Reason (R). Read both the statements and choose the (c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
correct option. 1 (d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Assertion (A) : Rural poor families are still dependent on 15. Which one of the following steps has been taken by
informal sources of credit. the Election Commission of India to reform political
Reason (R) : For obtaining loan from banks, collateral parties?  1
and special documents required. (a) Amended the Constitution to Prevend defection
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct (b) Candidates will have to give the details of criminal
explanation of (A). cases on affidavit.
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct (c) Candidates will have to give details of their property
explanation of (A). on affidavit.
(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false. (d) It has been made mandatory for all parties to conduct
(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true. organizational elections and file income tax returns.
11. In one of the small villages, a farmer borrows money 16. Look at the given picture. The work being done in the
from the village moneylender at a high monthly interest picture comes under which one of the following economic
rate but is not able to repay it back. Next, he borrows it sectors? 1
from a bank at a lower interest rate. Gradually he earns
and pays back the loan to the moneylender and the bank.
Which of the following best describes the role of the bank
in this credit situation?  1
(a) The bank acts as a cooperative lender.
(b) The bank facilitates a debt-trap situation.
(c) The bank ensures a fair exchange of goods.
(d) The bank saves the farmer from debt-trap.
12. Two statements, I and II are given below. Read both the
statements and choose the correct option. 1 (a) Primary (b) Secondary
Statement I: Women are now actively contributing to (c) Tertiary (d) Quaternary
various professions including roles as doctors, engineers, Note: The following question is for the Visually
lawyers, managers and university teachers. Impaired Candidates only, in lieu of Q. No. 16.
Statement II: Political expression of gender division and 'Floriculture' comes under which one of the following
political mobilization helped to improve women's role in sectors of the economy?  1
public life. (a) Primary (b) Secondary
(a) Statement I is true, but II is false. (c) Tertiary (d) Quaternary
(b) Statement I is false, but II is true. 17. Read the following provisions regarding Secularism in
(c) Statements I and II are true and II is the correct the Indian Constitution and choose the correct option. 1
explanation of I. I. The Indian State has not adopted any religion as its
(d) Statements I and II are true, but II is not the correct official religion.
explanation of I. II. The Constitution gives freedom to all the citizens to
13. Which one of the following is a scheduled language as practice and propagate any religion.
per the Constitution of India? 1 III. The Constitution declares any kind of discrimination
done on the basis of religion to be legal.
All India CBSE Board Solved Paper 2024 3
IV. It gives the government the right to intervene in 27. Analyse the role of political parties in shaping the
religious matters for ensuring equality within outcomes of democracy. 3
religious communities. 28. (a) Explain the role of women in the Civil Disobedience
(a) Only I, II and III are correct. Movement, with examples. 3
(b) Only I, II and IV are correct. OR
(c) Only I, III and IV are correct. (b) How did the Indian folklore and symbols strengthen
(d) Only II, III and IV are correct. the idea of nationalism during the twentieth century?
18. Choose the most appropriate option regarding the division Explain with examples. 3
of legislative rights in India. 1 29. Analyse the development of Punjab, Kerala and Bihar
Subject list in Subjects states on the basis of literacy. 3
Indian Constitution SECTION - D
(a) Union List – Defence and Commerce
(Long Answer Type Questions) (4×5=20)
(b) State List – Police and Agriculture
30. (a) "The first clear expression of nationalism came
(c) Concurrent List – Forest and Communication with the French Revolution in 1789." Evaluate the
(d) Residuary Subjects – Computer Software and statement. 5
Trade OR
19. Two statements, I and II are given below. Read both the
(b) "Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815,
statements and choose the correct option. 1
European governments were driven by a spirit of
Statement I: Division of power is good for democratic
systems. conservatism." Evaluate the statement. 5
Statement II: It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict 31. (a) Explain with examples the role of democracy in the
between social groups. reduction of inequality and poverty. 5
(a) Statement I is true, but II is false. OR
(b) Statement I is false, but II is true. (b) How is democracy a legitimate government? Explain
(c) Statements I and II are true and II is the correct with examples. 5
explanation of I. 32. (a) "Manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of
(d) Statements I and II are true, but II is not the correct development of the country.” Justify the statement.5
explanation of I. OR
20. Which one of the following is the highest 'bauxite' (b) "Agriculture and Industry move hand in hand,"
producing state of India? 1 Justify the statement. 5
(a) Maharashtra (b) Jharkhand 33. (a) Examine the significance of the tertiary sector in the
(c) Gujarat (d) Odisha Indian economy. 5
OR
SECTION - B
(b) Explain the contribution of the primary sector in the
(Very Short Answer Type Questions) (4×2=8) context of employment in India. 5
21. Why did people flee Europe for America in the nineteenth
century? 2 SECTION - E
22. How have the developments in information and (Case-based/Source-based Questions) (3×4=12)
communication technology been the major factor to 34. Read the given source and answer the questions that follow :
enable globalisation? Explain. 2 Loan from Cooperatives
23. Mention the formation of Zilla Parishad. 2 Besides banks, the other major source of cheap credit in
24. (a) "Minerals occur in igneous and metamorphic rocks." rural areas are the cooperative societies (or cooperatives).
Explain the statement with example. 2 Members of a cooperative pool their resources for
OR cooperation in certain areas. There are several types
(b) "The ocean waters contain vast quantities of of cooperatives possible such as farmers cooperatives,
minerals." Explain the statement with example. weavers cooperatives, industrial workers cooperatives,
etc. Krishak Cooperative functions in a village not very
SECTION - C far away from Sonpur. It has 2300 farmers as members.
(Short Answer Type Questions) (5×3=15) It accepts deposits from its members. With these deposits
25. Describe any three characteristics of the Indian federal as collateral, the Cooperative has obtained a large loan
system. 3 from the bank. These funds are used to provide loans to
26. Describe any three features of Rabi crop season. 3 members. Once these loans are repaid, another round of
lending can take place.
4SOCIAL SCIENCE-10
Krishak Cooperative provides loans for the purchase philosophy was once again presented by Schumacher
of agricultural implements, loans for cultivation and in his book Small is Beautiful. The seminal contribution
agricultural trade, fishery loans, loans for construction of with respect to resource conservation at the global
houses and for a variety of other expenses. level was made by the Brundtland Commission Report,
34.1 How do 'Krishak Cooperatives' secure funds for providing 1987. This report introduced the concept of 'Sustainable
loans to their members? 1 Development' and advocated it as a means for resource
34.2 What are the different types of loans that 'Krishak conservation, which was subsequently published in a
Cooperatives' offer to their members? 1 book entitled Our Common Future. Another significant
34.3 Why are such cooperatives desirable in the rural areas?2 contribution was made at the Earth Summit at Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil in 1992.
35. Read the given source and answer the questions that
follow : 36.1 Explain the meaning of sustainable development. 1
Print Comes to India 36.2 In which international conference was 'Agenda-21'
accepted? 1
From 1780, James Augustus Hickey began to edit the
Bengal Gazette, a weekly magazine that described itself 36.3 Explain any two outcomes of the Summit. 2×1=2
as 'a commercial paper open to all, but influenced by SECTION - F
none'. So it was private English enterprise, proud of
its independence from colonial influence, that began (Map Skill Based Question) (2+3=5)
English printing in India. Hickey published a lot of 37. (a) Two places ‘A’ and ‘B’ have been marked on the
advertisements, including those that related to the import given political outline map of India (on page 27). Identify
and sale of slaves. But he also published a lot of gossip them with the help of the following information and write
about the Company's senior officials in India. Enraged their correct names on the lines drawn near them :
by this, Governor-General Warren Hastings persecuted A. The place where the session of Indian National
Hickey, and encouraged the publication of officially Congress was held in 1920. 1
sanctioned newspapers that could counter the flow of B. The place where Gandhiji broke the salt law.  1
information that damaged the image of the colonial (b) On the same political outline map of India, locate and
government. By the close of the eighteenth century, a label any three of the following with suitable symbols :
number of newspapers and journals appeared in print. (3×1=3)
There were Indians, too, who began to publish Indian (i) Bailadila - Iron ore Mines
newspapers. The first to appear was the weekly Bengal
(ii) Namrup - Thermal Power Plant
Gazette, brought out by Gangadhar Bhattacharya, who
was close to Raja Rammohan Roy. (iii) Kandla - Major Sea Port
35.1 In which language was 'Bengal Gazette' edited by James (iv) Meenam Bakkam - International Airport
Augustus Hickey published? 1 Note: The following questions are for the Visually
35.2 Why was James Augustus Hickey persecuted?  1 Impaired Candidates only, in lieu of Q. No.37
35.3 Which newspapers were encouraged during the 1780s? Attempt any five questions :  (5×1=5)
Why were they encouraged? 1+1=2 37.1 Name the state where the session of Indian National
36. Read the given source and answer the questions that Congress was held in 1927.
follows : 37.2 Name the place where Gandhiji broke the salt law.
Conservation of Resources 37.3 Name the state where Bailadila iron ore mines are located.
At the international level, the Club of Rome advocated 37.4 In which state is Namrup Thermal Power Plant located?
resource conservation for the first time in a more 37.5 Name the state where Kandla sea port is located.
systematic way in 1968. Subsequently in 1974. Gandhian 37.6 Name the state where Meenam Bakkam international
airport is located.
All India CBSE Board Solved Paper 2024 5

Solutions
SECTION - A 8. (a) Agriculture and allied activities provide the highest
employment in the Indian economy. In India,
(Multiple Choice Questions) Agriculture employs 50%-60% of the population.
1. (c) The bamboo drip irrigation system is particularly Agriculture is included in the primary sector.
prevalent in states like Meghalaya. It’s a technique 9. (b) Liberalization entails reducing government
commonly used in hilly regions where conventional restrictions on economic activities, fostering
irrigation methods might not be feasible. free market principles. Key features include
2. (d) Kaziranga National Park lies partly in Golaghat deregulation, allowing private sector participation,
District and partly in Nagaon District of Assam. trade liberalization through lowered tariffs, and
financial sector reforms like privatization of state-
Sundarbans is a mangrove area in the delta formed
owned enterprises and opening up capital markets
by the confluence of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and
to foreign investment. This often leads to increased
Meghna Rivers in the Bay of Bengal.
competition and economic growth.
Bandhavgarh National Park is spread over the
10. (a) Rural families in India often rely on the informal
Vindhya Hills in Madhya Pradesh.
sector for loans due to limited access to formal
Jim Corbett National Park is a national park in India banking services, bureaucratic hurdles, and lack
located in the Nainital district of Uttarakhand state. of collateral. Informal lenders offer quicker and
3. (b) Rashsundari Devi was apparently the first Indian easier access to credit, albeit at higher interest rates,
woman to study history. She was a writer by making them a preferred option for many rural
occupation and is the most well known for her households.
autobiography called Amar Jiban, which was 11. (d) The role of the bank in this credit situation would be
published in 1876. She was among the first few best described as (d) the bank saves the farmer from
Bengali writers who had written autobiographies. a debt trap. By offering the farmer a loan at a lower
4. (c) (i) The Khilafat Committee was formed in Bombay interest rate, the bank provides the farmer with an
in March 1919. opportunity to repay the high-interest loan from the
moneylender and escape the cycle of high debt and
(ii) Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, incident on April 13,
interest payments.
1919.
12. (d) Both statements are true, but statement 2 does not
(iii) Bardoli Satyagraha began on 12 June 1928. It
directly explain statement 1.
was eventually led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.
13. (c) The Eighth Schedule to the Constitution consists
(iv) Gandhiji called off the movement in February
of the following 22 languages: Assamese, Bengali,
1922 in the wake of the Chauri Chaura incident.
Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani,
5. (c) The religion that emerged from eastern India and Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya,
spread through intersecting points on the Silk Routes Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu,
is Buddhism. Originating in the region of present- Bodo, Santhali, Maithili and Dogri.
day Nepal and northeastern India (particularly Bihar 14. (b) The assertion (A) is correct, as India indeed
and Uttar Pradesh), Buddhism gradually spread adopted a multi-party system. However, the reason
across Asia, facilitated by trade routes like the Silk (R) provided does not directly explain why India
Road. adopted a multi-party system. While India’s vastness
6. (a) Congress at Vienna was hosted by Austrian and social/geographical diversity are factors that
chancellor Duke Metternich in 1815. Its first goal contribute to its multi-party system, there are
was to establish a new balance of power in Europe. additional reasons behind it.
7. (c) Formal sector credit is those that are supervised 15. (d) The Election Commission passed an order making
by the government and the Reserve Bank of India it necessary for political parties to hold their
(RBI). organisational elections and file their income tax
returns.
Note 16. (c) The tertiary sector is also called as service sector.
This sector also includes essential services that
Banks come under the formal sector. Even cooperatives are may not directly help in the production of goods.
registered with the government and fall under the formal Examples: Education, Utilities, Transportation,
sector. The RBI, directly or indirectly, supervises the Hospitality, etc. For example, we require teachers,
functioning of the formal sources of loans. doctors, tailors, some of which provide us with
personal services.
6SOCIAL SCIENCE-10
17. (b) In India, the term ‘secularism’ was introduced 22. • Instant Communication: ICT has facilitated real-
in the year 1976 by the 42nd Amendment of time communication across borders through emails,
the constitution. Secularism means separating video conferencing, instant messaging, and social
government from religion which simply means that media platforms. This instantaneous exchange of
the government of India should not follow or favor information has significantly reduced communication
any particular religion rather every religion should barriers, enabling businesses, governments, and
be favored equally. individuals to collaborate seamlessly across the
18. (b) The 7th Schedule of the Indian Constitution has globe. As a result, decision-making processes have
three lists namely, the Union list, state list, and become more efficient, leading to faster transactions
concurrent list that show the division of power and increased productivity in various sectors.
between the Union and States concerning certain • Access to Global Markets: The internet and
subjects. The Union List has a total of 97 subjects, digital technologies have provided unprecedented
the State List has 66 subjects, and the Concurrent access to global markets for businesses of all
List has 47 Subjects. sizes. E-commerce platforms, online marketplaces,
19. (a) Both the assertion (A) and the reason (R) are accurate. and digital payment systems have eliminated
Power sharing is indeed beneficial for democracy. geographical constraints, allowing businesses to
When power is shared among different groups or reach customers worldwide. Moreover, ICT has
institutions within a democratic system, it promotes democratised access to information, empowering
inclusivity, representation, and accountability. One individuals in remote locations to participate in the
of the key benefits of power sharing is its capacity global economy by accessing educational resources,
to mitigate conflicts between various social, ethnic, job opportunities, and market insights, thus fostering
or religious groups. economic growth and development on a global
20. (d) Odisha is India’s largest bauxite producer accounting scale.
for about 49% of the total production followed 23. • Constitutional Provision: Zila Parishads were
by Gujarat (24%), Jharkhand (9%), Chhattisgarh formed in India as a part of the Panchayati Raj
and Maharashtra (8% each). The remaining was system, which was introduced through the 73rd
produced by Madhya Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka and Amendment Act of 1992. This amendment aimed
Tamil Nadu. to decentralize power by establishing elected local
governments at the village, intermediate (block),
SECTION - B and district levels, with Zila Parishads representing
the district level.
[Very Short Answer Type Questions]
• Role and Responsibilities: Zila Parishads serve as
21. • Economic Opportunities: Many Europeans fled to the apex bodies at the district level, responsible for
America in the 19th century seeking better economic coordinating the functioning of Panchayats within
prospects. Industrialization and agricultural changes the district. They oversee various developmental
in Europe led to overcrowding in cities and activities including planning, implementation, and
displacement in rural areas. America promised vast
monitoring of programs related to agriculture, rural
expanses of land, particularly through initiatives
development, health, education, infrastructure, and
like the Homestead Act of 1862, offering land to
welfare schemes within their jurisdiction.
settlers willing to cultivate it. This attracted farmers,
laborers, and entrepreneurs looking for opportunities 24. (a) Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic
to improve their economic circumstances. substances with distinct chemical compositions and
crystal structures. They are often found in igneous
• Religious and Political Freedom: Europe in the
and metamorphic rocks, formed through different
19th century was marked by social and political
geological processes.
unrest, as well as religious persecution in some
regions. America, on the other hand, offered greater Igneous rocks, like granite and basalt, originate from
religious and political freedom. Many immigrants the cooling and solidification of molten magma or
sought refuge from religious discrimination or lava. During this process, minerals such as quartz,
political persecution, finding in America a place feldspar, and mica crystallize from the cooling
where they could practice their faith freely and magma and become integral parts of the rock.
participate in democratic processes without fear of Metamorphic rocks, such as marble and slate, are
repression. This freedom attracted diverse groups, formed through the alteration of existing rocks by
including Jews fleeing pogroms in Eastern Europe heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids deep
and political refugees from revolutions across the within the Earth’s crust. These conditions cause
continent. minerals within the original rock to recrystallize and
All India CBSE Board Solved Paper 2024 7
rearrange into new forms. For example, limestone ensuring the implementation of central policies, or
can metamorphose into marble, with the mineral in cases of constitutional breakdown. This feature
calcite transforming into larger, interlocking reflects a balance between decentralization and
crystals. centralization, with the Union government playing
OR a crucial role in preserving the unity and integrity of
the nation.
(b) The statement emphasizes the abundance of minerals
dissolved in ocean water, vital for marine life and 26. • Timing: The Rabi crop season typically occurs
human use. For instance, sodium and chloride during the winter months, starting from October
ions make seawater saline, crucial for maintaining and extending until March or April, depending on
marine ecosystems’ balance. Additionally, minerals the region. It follows the monsoon season, which
like magnesium, calcium, and potassium contribute is crucial for replenishing soil moisture levels. The
to ocean chemistry, influencing biological cooler temperatures during this period are favorable
processes. These minerals are also extracted for for the growth of certain crops.
various purposes, such as magnesium for alloy • Crops: Rabi crops are mainly winter crops that are
production and desalination processes. Overall, the sown in the autumn and harvested in spring. Some
ocean serves as a vast reservoir of essential minerals common Rabi crops include wheat, barley, mustard,
indispensable for both natural processes and human chickpeas, lentils, and peas. These crops are well-
activities. suited to the cooler climate and can thrive even with
less water, making them ideal for cultivation during
SECTION - C the winter months.
• Water Availability: Unlike the Kharif season,
[Short Answer Type Questions] which relies heavily on monsoon rains, Rabi crops
25. • Division of Powers : India divides powers between are generally cultivated with irrigation water.
the central (union) government and the state Since the monsoon has already passed, farmers
governments. The Constitution of India clearly often depend on irrigation from canals, wells, or
outlines the powers assigned to each level of reservoirs to provide the necessary water for their
government, with the Union List containing subjects crops. Proper water management is essential during
exclusively under the jurisdiction of the central this season to ensure optimal growth and yield of
government, the State List containing subjects under Rabi crops.
the exclusive jurisdiction of the state governments, 27. • Representation and Governance : Political parties
and the Concurrent List containing subjects on serve as vehicles for representation in democracies,
which both levels of government can legislate. aggregating diverse interests and perspectives
• Flexible Federalism: India’s federal system is within society. They formulate policies, nominate
often described as exhibiting “flexible federalism.” candidates for elections, and seek to implement their
While the Constitution delineates the powers of agenda if elected.
the central and state governments, it also provides • Political Competition and Accountability:
mechanisms for altering these powers when This competition encourages parties to respond
necessary. For example, during emergencies, the to citizens’ demands, address societal issues, and
central government can assume greater authority, improve governance to attract voter support. In
and the Constitution allows for the reorganisation of this way, political parties serve as mechanisms
states or the alteration of their boundaries through for holding elected officials accountable to the
legislative processes. This flexibility allows for electorate.
adjustments to accommodate changing socio-
political dynamics and administrative needs. • Formation and Maintenance of Democratic
Institutions : Political parties play a crucial role in
• Strong Center: Despite being a federal system, the establishment and maintenance of democratic
India’s political structure often emphasizes a institutions. They often operate within a framework
strong central government. The Constitution grants of rules and norms that ensure fair competition,
significant powers to the Union government, protect individual rights, and uphold the rule of
including matters of national importance such as law. Through participation in electoral processes,
defense, foreign affairs, and inter-state commerce. legislative debates, and policy making, parties
Additionally, the Union government has the contribute to the functioning and development
authority to intervene in state affairs under certain of democratic institutions, such as legislatures,
circumstances, such as maintaining law and order, judiciaries, and electoral commissions.
8SOCIAL SCIENCE-10
28. (a) • Leadership and Mobilization : Women played revitalized indigenous cultural expressions but also
crucial roles in leading and mobilising communities reinforced the idea of an independent Indian identity
during the Civil Disobedience Movement. For rooted in its ancient traditions.
instance, Sarojini Naidu, known as the “Nightingale 29. The literacy rates in Punjab, Kerala, and Bihar showcase
of India,” was a prominent figure in the Indian diverse trajectories reflecting the varying socio-
independence movement. She fearlessly led economic, cultural, and historical factors shaping each
protests, organised meetings, and inspired masses state.
with her speeches, galvanizing women to actively
Kerala stands out as a frontrunner in literacy with
participate in civil disobedience against British rule.
consistently high rates owing to its robust education
• Active Participation : Women actively participated system, proactive government policies, and strong social
in acts of the civil disobedience, such as boycotting indicators. The state’s focus on education dates back to
British goods, picketing, and joining protest marches. the early 20th century, resulting in widespread literacy
An example is the Salt Satyagraha of 1930, where campaigns and investments in primary education.
women from all walks of life, including rural areas, Consequently.
joined Mahatma Gandhi in defying the British salt Punjab, historically known for its agricultural prosperity,
laws. They marched to the beaches, produced salt, has also made strides in literacy, albeit at a slower pace
and faced arrests, showcasing their commitment to compared to Kerala. With a relatively better infrastructure
the cause of independence. and economic stability, Punjab has invested in education,
• Symbolism and Sacrifice : Women’s involvement particularly in urban areas. However, challenges such as
in civil disobedience movements often symbolized disparities in rural education and migration of laborers
their commitment to freedom and sacrifice for have hindered progress.
the nation’s cause. One notable example is that On the other hand, Bihar has struggled with low literacy
of Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay, who not only rates due to persistent socio-economic challenges such
participated in protests but also faced imprisonment as poverty, caste-based disparities, and inadequate
for her activism. Her resilience and sacrifice infrastructure. Despite recent efforts to improve
inspired countless others to join the struggle for education access, Bihar continues to grapple with issues
independence and highlighted the integral role of like teacher vacancies, inadequate school facilities, and
women in the movement’s success. low enrollment rates, particularly among marginalized
OR communities.
(b) • Cultural Identity and Unity : Indian folklore,
including myths, legends, and symbols, served as Note
potent tools to foster a sense of cultural identity
and unity among diverse communities across the Kerala boasts one of the highest literacy rates in India,
country. For instance, the figure of Bharat Mata exceeding 95%, contributing significantly to its socio-
(Mother India) emerged as a powerful symbol of the economic development.
nation during the Indian independence movement.
• Resistance Against Colonialism : Indian folklore
and symbols were often used to express resistance SECTION - D
against colonial rule and imperialism. The use of
traditional symbols and narratives in literature, art, [Long Answer Type Questions]
and music became a form of cultural resistance 30. (a) The French Revolution was a pivotal moment
against the cultural hegemony of the British. For in history, characterized by the overthrow of the
example, the stories of valorous kings and warriors monarchy, the establishment of a republic, and
from Indian epics like the Ramayana and the the rise of democratic ideals. It fostered a sense
Mahabharata were invoked to inspire Indians to of national unity and identity among the French
fight against oppression and injustice. people, as they rallied behind revolutionary
slogans such as “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.” The
• Cultural Renaissance and Nationalism : Scholars
revolutionaries sought to redefine the French nation
and artists like Rabindranath Tagore, Bankim
based on principles of citizenship and sovereignty
Chandra Chattopadhyay, and Mahatma Gandhi
of the people, rather than allegiance to a monarch
emphasised the importance of reconnecting with
or dynasty. This emphasis on sovereignty and rights
India’s rich cultural heritage to instill a sense of pride
of the nation’s citizens can be seen as an early
and self-respect among the masses. The promotion
manifestation of nationalist ideology.
of folk dances, music, and traditional arts not only
All India CBSE Board Solved Paper 2024 9
However, it’s essential to recognize that nationalist and representation. In a democratic society, citizens
sentiments predated the French Revolution and have the power to elect leaders who are responsive
were not exclusive to France. Throughout history, to their needs, thereby ensuring policies that address
various factors such as language, culture, religion, socio-economic disparities.
and shared historical experiences have contributed For example, in a democratic country, governments
to the formation of collective identities and can implement progressive taxation systems where
allegiances among different groups of people. For
the wealthy contribute more to social welfare
example, the rise of nation-states in Europe during
programms aimed at uplifting the impoverished.
the Renaissance and early Modern periods saw
Additionally, democratic institutions promote
the emergence of national consciousness among
transparency and accountability, reducing corruption
peoples such as the English, Spanish, and Dutch.
and ensuring that resources are allocated efficiently
Moreover, the French Revolution itself was and equitably.
influenced by Enlightenment ideas that emphasized
Moreover, democracy allows for the protection
individual rights, social contracts, and the
of individual rights and freedoms, including
sovereignty of the people. These ideas were not
confined to France but circulated widely throughout access to education, healthcare, and employment
Europe, inspiring movements for political change opportunities. By empowering marginalized groups
and self-determination in other countries. to participate in the political process, democracy
enables them to advocate for policies that advance
OR their socio-economic status and alleviate poverty.
(b) The statement regarding the dominance of Furthermore, democratic governance encourages
conservatism in European governments following
civil society engagement, facilitating the emergence
Napoleon’s defeat in 1815 reflects a significant aspect
of grassroots movements and initiatives to address
of post-Napoleonic Europe, yet it oversimplifies
inequality and poverty at the community level.
the complex political landscape of the time. While
there was indeed a prevailing sentiment favoring OR
conservatism, characterized by a desire to maintain (b) Democracy is considered a legitimate form of
traditional institutions and social hierarchies, the government because it provides citizens with the
period also witnessed various other ideological opportunity to participate in the decision-making
currents. process, ensuring that power ultimately resides
Conservatism did hold sway in many European with the people. Through free and fair elections,
nations, as monarchies and aristocracies sought to individuals can elect representatives who reflect
reassert control after the upheaval of the Napoleonic their interests and values, thereby legitimizing the
era. The Congress of Vienna, for instance, aimed government’s authority.
to restore the pre-Napoleonic order, emphasizing
stability and the preservation of existing power For example, the United States serves as a
structures. However, it would be inaccurate to prominent illustration of democracy’s legitimacy.
portray this as the sole driving force behind In the U.S., citizens elect officials at various levels
European governance. of government, including the President, members of
Congress, and local representatives. These elected
The period also saw the emergence of liberal
officials are accountable to the electorate and must
and nationalist movements, driven by ideals of
adhere to the principles outlined in the Constitution.
individual rights, constitutionalism, and the desire
Additionally, democratic systems typically
for self-determination among various ethnic
groups. These forces, though often suppressed by incorporate mechanisms such as the rule of law,
conservative regimes, were nonetheless influential separation of powers, and protection of individual
in shaping the political discourse and contributing rights, further bolstering their legitimacy.
to later developments such as the Revolutions of Moreover, democratic governments often encourage
1848. participation beyond elections, allowing citizens
In conclusion, while conservatism was indeed a to engage in civic activities, express dissent, and
dominant force in post-Napoleonic Europe, the petition for change through peaceful means. This
political landscape of the time was more nuanced, active involvement fosters a sense of ownership and
featuring a dynamic interplay of conservative, investment in the political process, reinforcing the
liberal, and nationalist ideologies, each leaving its legitimacy of the government. Overall, democracy’s
mark on the trajectory of European history. legitimacy stems from its foundation in popular
31. (a) Democracy plays a crucial role in reducing inequality sovereignty and its capacity to uphold the will and
and poverty by fostering inclusivity, accountability, interests of the people.
10SOCIAL SCIENCE-10
32. (a) The manufacturing sector serves as the cornerstone and storage facilities, facilitating the distribution of
of a nation’s development for several compelling agricultural products. This collaboration between
reasons. Firstly, it generates substantial employment agriculture and industry fosters balanced regional
opportunities across diverse skill levels, from development, bridging urban-rural divides.
manual labor to high-tech engineering, fostering
economic stability and reducing unemployment In conclusion, the synergy between agriculture and
rates. This, in turn, stimulates consumer spending industry is fundamental for fostering economic
and enhances living standards. growth, ensuring food security, and enhancing
livelihoods. Their intertwined relationship
Moreover, manufacturing fuels innovation and
underscores the importance of collaboration for
technological advancement by driving research
and development activities. It serves as a catalyst sustainable development.
for the growth of associated industries such as 33. (a) The tertiary sector, also known as the service sector,
transportation, logistics, and services, forming plays a crucial role in the Indian economy due to
intricate supply chains that amplify economic several significant reasons. Firstly, it is the largest
activity. sector in terms of contribution to GDP, accounting
Additionally, a robust manufacturing base bolsters for around 55% of India’s GDP. This dominance
a country’s resilience against external shocks by reflects the country’s transition from agrarian to
reducing dependency on imports and enhancing service-based economy, mirroring global trends.
self-sufficiency. It also contributes significantly to Secondly, the tertiary sector is a significant source
exports, generating foreign exchange earnings and of employment, absorbing a considerable portion
improving the trade balance. of India’s workforce. This is particularly crucial in
Furthermore, the manufacturing sector fosters a country with a large population like India, where
regional development by establishing industrial job creation is vital for sustainable development and
clusters, attracting investments, and facilitating social stability.
infrastructure development. Ultimately, the Thirdly, the tertiary sector encompasses a wide
manufacturing sector’s pivotal role in job creation, range of industries including IT, finance, healthcare,
innovation, economic diversification, and national tourism, and education, contributing to economic
self-reliance underscores its status as the backbone
diversification and resilience. It has propelled India
of a country’s development, driving sustained
as a global hub for IT services and business process
economic growth and prosperity.
outsourcing, attracting foreign investment and
OR fostering technological advancement.
(b) Agriculture and industry indeed complement each Moreover, the growth of the tertiary sector has led
other, forming a symbiotic relationship crucial for to urbanization and the rise of metropolitan cities
economic development. Agriculture provides raw as centers of commerce and innovation. This
materials like crops, livestock, and fibers, essential urban-centric growth has further fueled demand
for various industrial processes. Industries, in turn, for services, creating a positive feedback loop for
supply agriculture with machinery, fertilizers, economic expansion.
pesticides, and technology, enhancing productivity
OR
and efficiency.
(b) The primary sector, which includes agriculture,
Moreover, industries create employment forestry, fishing, and mining, plays a significant role
opportunities for rural populations, reducing in India’s employment landscape. Historically, it has
dependency on agriculture alone. This been the largest employer, providing livelihoods to a
diversification encourages economic stability and substantial portion of the population.
growth. Additionally, advancements in industrial Agriculture alone accounts for a major share of
technology lead to innovations in agricultural employment, especially in rural areas where a
practices, improving yields and sustainability. significant portion of the Indian population resides.
Conversely, agricultural products serve as inputs Despite the growth of other sectors, agriculture
for many industries, including food processing, continues to be the primary source of income for a
vast number of households.
textile manufacturing, and biofuel production.
This interdependence fosters economic resilience, Additionally, forestry, fishing, and mining sectors
also contribute to employment, albeit to a lesser
ensuring stability in times of fluctuating market
extent compared to agriculture. These sectors
conditions. Furthermore, industries often invest in
provide employment opportunities, particularly in
rural infrastructure, such as transportation networks regions where natural resources are abundant.
All India CBSE Board Solved Paper 2024 11
Furthermore, the primary sector serves as a crucial 35.2 James Augustus Hickey was persecuted because
source of livelihood for millions of people engaged he published gossip about the Company’s senior
in activities such as farming, animal husbandry, and officials in India in the Bengal Gazette. This
allied services. It not only sustains rural livelihoods angered Governor-General Warren Hastings, who
but also supports the overall economy by supplying felt that such publications damaged the image of
raw materials for various industries. the colonial government. As a result, Hastings
In summary, the primary sector remains integral persecuted Hickey and encouraged the publication
to India’s employment scenario, supporting of officially sanctioned newspapers to counteract the
livelihoods, particularly in rural areas, and flow of information that was perceived as harmful to
contributing significantly to the nation’s economy. the colonial administration’s reputation.
35.3 During the 1780s, Governor-General Warren
Hastings encouraged the publication of officially
Note sanctioned newspapers in response to the activities
of James Augustus Hickey and the Bengal Gazette.
The tertiary sector’s significance in the Indian economy These newspapers were encouraged because
lies not only in its substantial contribution to GDP but Hastings perceived them as a means to counter the
also in its role as a catalyst for employment generation, flow of information that damaged the image of the
economic diversification, and urban development. colonial government.
36. 36.1 Sustainable development is a holistic approach
to growth that meets present needs without
SECTION - E compromising future generations’ ability to meet
their own needs. It integrates economic, social, and
[Case Base Questions] environmental considerations, aiming for a balanced
34. 34.1 Krishak Cooperative secures funds for loans by and enduring progress that preserves natural
accepting deposits from its 2300 farmer members. resources, fosters equity, and promotes resilience.
Utilizing these deposits as collateral, it obtains 36.2 Agenda 21 was accepted at the United Nations
a significant loan from a bank. These funds are Conference on Environment and Development
then lent to members for various purposes like (UNCED), also known as the Earth Summit. It took
agricultural needs, construction, and other expenses, place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 1992.
facilitating rural development and empowerment.
34.2 Krishak Cooperatives offer loans for various
purposes including agricultural implements, Note
cultivation and trade, fishery, construction of
Agenda 21 is a comprehensive blueprint for sustainable
houses, and miscellaneous expenses. These loans
development covering various aspects like environmental
are secured by members’ deposits, allowing the
cooperative to obtain funds from banks for lending. protection, social equity, and economic development.
Repayment allows for continuous lending cycles
benefiting rural communities. 36.3 The Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, 1992, resulted
34.3 Cooperatives are desirable in rural areas because in the acceptance of Agenda 21, a blueprint for
they offer accessible and affordable credit to sustainable development. Two outcomes emerged:
members who may otherwise struggle to obtain heightened global awareness of environmental
loans from traditional sources like banks. issues and a commitment to address them through
coordinated efforts in environmental protection,
35. 35.1 The “Bengal Gazette” edited by Gangadhar social equity, and economic development.
Bhattacharya was published in English.
12SOCIAL SCIENCE-10

SECTION - F
[Map Skill Based Questions]
37. (a) (A) Nagpur
(B) Dandi
(b) [Refer to the given map]

37 (b) (ii)

37 (b) (iii)

37 (a) (A)
37 (a) (B)

37 (b) (i)

37 (b) (iv)