JSPM’s

JAYAWANTRAO SAWANAT COLLEGE OFENGINEERING

Sr.No. 58, Handewadi Road, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra, 411028
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Experiment No. 5

Title: Op-Amp as Integrator

Aim: Design, Build and Test Op Amp as an integrator for frequency Fa= 200Hz.
C202.5: Analyze linear and non linear applications of OPAMP.
ELO-2: Student will be able to understand OP AMP parameters and implement its applications
Objectives:
1) To assemble the circuit of integrator using op-amp IC 356.
2) To observe and plot the output voltage waveform of integrator for sine wave and square wave input.
Apparatus:
Bread board, power supply(0-30V), function generator, DSO, IC LF356, resistors, capacitors, and
connecting wires.

Prelab Assignment:-
1) List the linear application of OPAMP
2) Why Integrator is linear application of OPAMP
3) What is cut off frequency and 0dB frequency
4) What are the applications of Integrator

Theory:
Practical Integrator:

Figure 2.1: Practical Integrator circuit

 JSPM’s
JAYAWANTRAO SAWANAT COLLEGE OFENGINEERING
Sr.No. 58, Handewadi Road, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra, 411028
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

A circuit in which output voltage is integral of the input voltage is an integrator. Such a circuit is
obtained by using basic inverting amplifier configuration if feedback resistor RF is replaced by a
capacitor CF. fb is the frequency at which the gain is 0 dB, when Vin = 0. At this time, Xc = ∞ and the
circuit will act as open circuit. But due to the presence of output voltage and part of current we have two
parameters which charge the capacitor and we get error voltage from output feedback resistor which is
connected in parallel with CF.

𝐼 = (𝑉𝑖𝑛 − 𝑉𝐵 )/𝑅1

𝐼 = 𝑉𝑖𝑛 /𝑅1
𝑑 𝑑
𝐼1 = 𝐶𝐹 (𝑉𝐴 − 𝑉𝑜 ) = − 𝐶𝐹 𝑉𝑜
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
&𝐼2 = (𝑉𝐴 − 𝑉0 )/ 𝑅𝐹 = −𝑉0 / 𝑅𝐹

Applying KVL at node A,

𝐼 = 𝐼1 + 𝐼2
𝑉𝑖𝑛 𝑑 𝑉0
= − 𝐶𝐹 𝑉0 −
𝑅 𝑑𝑡 𝑅𝐹
Taking Laplace transform of above equation,

𝑉𝑖𝑛(𝑠) 𝑉0 (𝑠)
= −𝑠𝐶𝐹 𝑉0 (𝑠) −
𝑅1 𝑅𝐹
𝑉𝑖𝑛(𝑠) 1
= −𝑉0 (𝑠)[𝑠𝐶𝐹 + ]
𝑅1 𝑅𝐹
−1
𝑉0 (𝑠) = [ ] 𝑉𝑖𝑛 (𝑠)
𝑅
𝑠𝑅1 𝐶1 + 𝑅1
𝐹
𝑹
Neglecting𝑹𝟏 , we get,
𝑭

−1
𝑉0 (𝑠) = [ ] 𝑉 (𝑠)
𝑠𝑅1 𝐶1 𝑖𝑛
Taking inverse Laplace transform, we get,

−1
𝑉0 (𝑡) = ∫ 𝑉𝑖𝑛 (𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑅1 𝐶𝐹
 JSPM’s
JAYAWANTRAO SAWANAT COLLEGE OFENGINEERING
Sr.No. 58, Handewadi Road, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra, 411028
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Let 𝑓𝑏 be the frequency at which gain = 0 dB

1
𝑓𝑏 =
2𝜋𝑅1 𝐶𝐹
1
-3db frequency or Corner frequency = 𝑓𝑎 = 2𝜋𝑅𝐹 𝐶𝐹

Figure 2.2: Gain Plot for Practical Integrator Circuit Showing Cutoff Frequency.

Fig: 2.3: Model graphs of input and corresponding output

 JSPM’s
JAYAWANTRAO SAWANAT COLLEGE OFENGINEERING
Sr.No. 58, Handewadi Road, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra, 411028
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Circuit Design:
Design OP-AMP as integrator for the following specifications.
fa = 200Hz, Assume CF= 0.1uF
Design: Let fb =10fa

∴ fb =10fa = 2 KHz

1
Now we have 𝑅𝐹 = 2𝜋𝐶
𝐹 𝑓𝑎

1
𝑅𝑓 =
2𝜋 × 200 × 0.1 × 10−6

∴ Rf =7.95kΩ
∴Rf =8.20kΩ (Standard value)

1
𝑓𝑏 =
2𝜋𝑅1 𝐶𝐹

1
𝑅1 =
2𝜋𝑓𝑏 𝐶𝐹
1
𝑅1 =
2𝜋 × 2 × 10 × 0.1 × 10−6
3

R1 =795.7747Ω

∴ R1 =820Ω Standard value

Thus the design parameters are

fa = 200Hz fb = 2 KHz
Rf =8.20kΩ R1 =820Ω
Rcomp = R1 //RF =820 Ω
Procedure:
1) Design a circuit and connect it as shown in Fig 2.1
2) Apply sine wave input (1Vpp, 100 Hz) and observe the output on CRO or DSO.
3) Increase the input frequency (100 Hz to 5 kHz) and measure respective output voltage.
4) Calculate the gain in dB
5) Draw the output waveforms for sine and square wave input.
6) Plot the frequency response on semi log paper(gain in dB vs. frequency)
 JSPM’s
JAYAWANTRAO SAWANAT COLLEGE OFENGINEERING
Sr.No. 58, Handewadi Road, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra, 411028
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Observation Table:
Vin =1 V p-p
Gain(dB)=
Gain (dB)= 20 log Vo / Vin 𝑅𝑓 𝑅𝑓
Sr. No. I/P Frequency (Hz) O/P voltage (V) 𝑅1 𝑅1
(Practical) √1+(𝑓/𝑓𝑎)2 √1+(𝑓/𝑓𝑎)2

(Theoretical)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

16

Result:
Sr.No Circuit Frequency ‘fa’ Frequency ‘fb’
Theoretical Practical Theoretical Practical
01 Practical
Integrator
 JSPM’s
JAYAWANTRAO SAWANAT COLLEGE OFENGINEERING
Sr.No. 58, Handewadi Road, Hadapsar, Pune, Maharashtra, 411028
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

Conclusion:

Oral Questions:
Q.1 What is significance of Fa and Fb?
Q.2 What type of filter is an integrator?
Q.3 How integrator circuits make as Differentiator?
Q.4 What will be output of Integrator if Triangular wave applied?

Link to op-amp as an integrator

experiment
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pf4PteI
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