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“This ground-breaking collection of essays examines Yeats’s sense of historical belatedness

H OW E S A N D VA L E N T E
as theme, as trope, in formal embodiments such as the afterword, and in his strong
critical shaping of literary history. In doing so, it historicizes Yeats’s own sense of history
with unparalleled depth, while seriously acting on the acceptance that form is itself
historical. In showing how Yeats’s moulding of the past was also the creation of a future,
it offers a range of productive new starting-points for the study of this great poet.”
— E D W A R D L A R R I S S Y, E M E R I T U S , Q U E E N ’ S U N I V E R S I T Y, B E L FA S T

“Although Yeats and Afterwords focuses broadly on questions of inheritance and legacy, it
marks a new departure because it reconceptualizes belatedness in a more complex and
more theoretically useful manner than prior studies. What impressed me most about the
collection is that the theoretical paradigms introduced at the outset are at once defining
and fluid. The editors conceptualize belatedness in such a way that this insight gives
YEATS
structure to the volume, even as it allows for a multiplicity of readings. This volume
will have a major impact on Yeats studies and will be useful for scholars working more

YE ATS
broadly in Irish and modernist studies.”
— R o B D o g g E T T, S U N Y g E N E S E o AND
In Yeats and Afterwords, contributors articulate W. B. Yeats’s powerful, multilayered
sense of belatedness as part of his complex literary method. They explore how Yeats

AND
deliberately positioned himself at various historical endpoints—of Romanticism, of the
Irish colonial experience, of the Ascendancy, of civilization itself—and, in doing so,

SDROWRETFA
created a distinctively modernist poetics of iteration capable of registering the experience

AFTERWORDS
of finality and loss. While the crafting of such a poetics remained a constant throughout
Yeats’s career, the particular shape it took varied over time, depending on which lost
object Yeats was contemplating. By tracking these vicissitudes, the volume offers new
ways of thinking about the overarching trajectory of Yeats’s poetic engagements.

C O N T R I B U T O R S : Guinn Batten, Gregory Castle, Elizabeth Cullingford, Jed Esty,

Renée Fox, Margaret Mills Harper, Marjorie Howes, Seán Kennedy, Vicki Mahaffey,
James H. Murphy, Ronald Schuchard, Joseph Valente.
EDITED BY
MARJORIE HOWES IS ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH AT BOSTON COLLEGE.
JOSEPH VALENTE IS UB DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH AT M A R J O R I E H OW E S
SUNY BUFFALO.
AND

J O S E P H VA L E N T E

NOTRE
DAME
yeats and afterwords
yeats and afterwords

Edited by

Marjorie howes and joseph valente

University of Notre Dame Press

Notre Dame, Indiana

 Copyright © 2014 by the University of Notre Dame
Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
undpress.nd.edu
All Rights Reserved

Manufactured in the United States of America

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Yeats and afterwords / edited by Marjorie Howes and Joseph Valente.

pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-268-01120-8 (paperback) — ISBN 0-268-01120-6 (paper) —
ISBN 978-0-268-08176-8 (e-book)
1. Yeats, W. B. (William Butler), 1865–1939—Criticism and interpretation.
I. Howes, Marjorie Elizabeth, editor. II. Valente, Joseph, editor.
PR5907.Y37 2014
821'.8—dc23
2014022371

∞ The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and ­durability
of the ­Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of
the Council on Library Resources.
 content s

Acknowledgments  vii

Introduction  1

P ar t I . The L as t R o m a n t i c s

1
The Revivalist Museum: Yeats and the Reanimation of History   15
Renée Fox

2
The Death of Cuchulain’s Only Son  42
Elizabeth Cullingford

3
The Dark Arts of the Critic: Yeats and William Carleton  80
James H. Murphy

4
Nation for Art’s Sake: Aestheticist
Afterwords in Yeats’s Irish Revival  100
Joseph Valente

P ar t II . Yeats and A f t e rwo rd s

5
“The Age-Long Memoried Self ”: Yeats and the Promise
of Coming Times   127
Gregory Castle
 vi Contents

6
Afterwardsness: Yeats in Love
and the Imaginary of Community    163
Guinn Batten

7
“The clock has run down and must be wound up again”:
A Vision in Time   189
Margaret Mills Harper

8
Yeats’s Graves: Death and Encryption in Last Poems  213
Marjorie Howes

P ar t III. Yeats ’s A ft e rt im e s

9
“Echo’s Bones”: Samuel Beckett After Yeats  235
Seán Kennedy

10
Yeats and Bowen: Posthumous Poetics  254
Vicki Mahaffey

11
The Legacy of Yeats in Contemporary Irish Poetry  283
Ronald Schuchard

12
“All that Consequence”:
Yeats and Eliot at the End of the End of History   314
Jed Esty

List of Contributors   337

Index of Names   342

 acknowle dgm en t s

We would like to thank the two anonymous readers for their insight-
ful comments, and Stephen Little of the University of Notre Dame
Press for his guidance, professionalism, and patience. We are grate-
ful to the Irish University Review for permission to reprint Ronald
Schuchard’s essay, originally published in Irish University Review 34:2
(2004): 291–314.

vii
yeats and afterwords
 Introduction
m a r j o r i e h o w e s a n d j o s e p h va l e n t e

The objective of this volume is to articulate W. B. Yeats’s powerful,

multilayered sense of cultural belatedness as part of his complex liter-
ary method. We wish to explore how Yeats’s deliberate positioning
of himself at various historical endpoints—of Romanticism, of the
Irish colonial experience, of the Ascendancy, of civilization itself—
came to fuel an innovative, distinctively modernist poetics of itera-
tion by which the experience of finality and irrevocability might be
registered. While the crafting of such a poetics remained a constant
throughout Yeats’s career, the particular shape that it took varied
over time. By tracking these vicissitudes, our volume affords new ways
of thinking about the overarching trajectory of Yeats’s poetic en­
gagements.
The extraordinary hold of the past upon the present has long
been a staple of Irish historical and literary scholarship; Ireland itself
could be said to bear a certain belatedness.1 And the Irish Literary
Revival obviously sought to create a vibrant future for Ireland by
resuscitating the past. Yeats’s famous retrospective on himself and his
revivalist circle as “the last romantics,” in “Coole and Ballylee, 1931,”
has rightly been taken to invoke not just the chivalric tradition of

1
2  Introduction

courtly love, established in the Middle Ages, but also the British
poetic tradition of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century.
To appreciate the full import of his remark, however, it helps to con-
sider the discursive cable linking these two fields of reference: the me-
dieval revivalism of the latter literary movement. This medieval
revivalism was responsible for its name and certain of its signature
documents, such as Shelley’s The Cenci, Scott’s Lay of the Last Min-
strel, or Keats’s “La Belle Dame Sans Merci.” It was also responsible
for what were arguably its founding gestures (one Anglo and one
Celtic): the anachronistic impostures of Thomas Chatterton (the
Rowley file) and James MacPherson (the Ossian sagas). But the broad
based cultural renaissance for which Yeats was a symbol, spokesman,
and literary architect took up the Irish past not as a nostalgic lost
origin, but as a reality that persisted, in suppressed or marginalized
forms, in the ongoing Irish present and could, accordingly, provide a
renovated cultural foundation on which to build the Irish future. As
befits those engaged in a decolonizing enterprise, the revivalists
tended to cherish the indigenous potential rather than the antiquity
of “hidden Ireland,”2 the contemporary urgency rather than the lost-
ness of the objects they sought to recover. It is therefore at once curi-
ous and telling that, while the apparently backward glance of his own
literary movement remained forward looking, Yeats eventually came
to identify his literary circle with a re-“visionary company” who were
of (and looked to) a bygone era. Whereas the Irish Revival instanced
a kind of reverse vanguardism, its leader did not so much suffer as
embrace a doubly reinforced belatedness in their name.
Understood in literary-historical context, then, Yeats’s description
of the main revivalists in “Coole and Ballylee, 1931” suggests that
although his conscious investment in the movement had doubtless
gone to its revolutionary cultural nationalism, his deeper unconscious
investment may well have been in its mainly formal aspect of rememo­
ration and retrieval. In other words, the revivalist project answered
more to the temporal logic of his imagination than to the content of
his political beliefs. One way of thinking about Yeats’s distinctive con-
tribution to the Irish Literary Revival is as an attempt, in a subtle vari-
ation on his philosophical model, Nietzsche, to shape a memory, a
 Introduction  3

history, of the here and now, less to view the present as an inexorable
thrust into the future than to view the future as the deferred action, a
Freudian Nachträglichkeit, of the past. Such a reading of the evidence
would help to explain why Yeats’s verse retained its revivalist temper
long after he had abandoned the populist, armchair Fenianism that
animated his early revivalist labors. Indeed, it even helps to explain the
greater plangency and profundity of the later, conservative poetry,
where the objects of recovery and homage (the Big House, aristocratic
ceremony, the cultural mandarinate of Gregory, Synge, Lane, et al.,
the Ascendancy at large) possessed no sustained, dynamic future, no
vital prospects, to disturb the sense of fatal belatedness that was, still
more than Maud Gonne, Yeats’s true muse.
Finally, it also helps to explain the resurgence of a formalist inter-
est in and approach to Yeats’s poetry after the decades-long domi-
nance of an Irish Studies approach modeled on the New Historicism.
As espoused in Nicholas Grene’s Yeats’s Poetic Codes, in Helen Vend­
ler’s magisterial Our Secret Discipline, or in Michael Woods’s synoptic
Yeats and Violence, this new formalist school not only prioritizes the
contours of the poetic text—its prosody, internal structure, generic
­affiliations—over its political objectives and ideological import, but in
so doing, it also privileges the contours of poetic m­ emory—how verse
records the loss and the recovery of a past s­ imultaneously—over the
unspoken motives this practice might serve.3 The notion of Yeats’s
“afterwords” aims to extend this formal line of analysis—­without for-
feiting the abundant insights historicism has to offer—by elucidating
the poetic device whereby history comes to occupy the text, not just
as a set of substantive concerns, pressures, or determinants, but as a
registration of the dynamics of time, that retroactive looping in which
the possibility of creation and the inevitability of loss pass into one
­another.4
With this in mind, Yeats’s revivalism, in the sense intended here,
comprises a dialectical logic of temporality that Yeats elaborated, var-
ied, and refined throughout his life, rather than a cultural project ani-
mating a specific period of his career. The problem to which this logic
responded, a similarly evolving and permutating sense of belatedness,
is typically understood as backward looking, oriented toward a past
4  Introduction

made weighty by its irrevocability. But belatedness more properly

­figures an intricate nexus of temporal vectors and demands a corre-
spondingly flexible literary method. Belatedness is first of all a mode
of be-ing in the world, of present experience, and if that experience
finds its defining conditions in bygone eras, faded orders, or missed
opportunities as impossible to reclaim as to forget, the meaning and
the value of that experience resides in a future to be shaped by those
very impossibilities. When Hegel wrote in The Phenomenology of Mind
that the owl of Minerva flies at dusk, he pegged dialectical ­wisdom—
so strenuously pursued by Yeats—as a correlative of belatedness, and
he conversely held belatedness—so acutely suffered by Yeats—to
imply a dialectical phenomenology, one in which the several modali-
ties of lived time would be inextricably conjoined in their opposition
to one another.
Taking this discordia concours as its nucleus, Yeats is able to explore
the dialectics of time across diverse registers and in different ­directions
in his philosophical, dramatic, and poetic writings. The vast historical
cycles of the System, for example, careered according to the interlock-
ing movements of the antinomous gyres, and, as a result, every one of
Yeats’s famous lunar phases is, in a sense, out of phase as well. That is,
each phase only has its distinctive consistency in carrying forward
from some anterior stage of development the seeds of its own coming
obsolescence. Owing to this interplay of temporal self-identity and
self-difference that the gyres enact, any given historical moment or
conjuncture admits of multiple temporal logics for Yeats to conjure
with, elaborate upon, and translate into varying modes (or “Moods”)
of poetic address. Counterpoint was fundamental to Yeats’s method
and his vision: he explicitly stages its workings as a confrontation of
personae in the great dialogue poems (“Ego Dominus Tuus,” “Michael
Robartes and the Dancer,” “A Dialogue of Self and Soul”), as a meticu­
lous calibration of personal and cultural self-assessment in the Big
House poems (“The Tower,” “Meditations in Time of Civil War,” “In
Memory of Eva Gore-Booth and Con Markiewicz”), and as a delicate
syncopation of sexual desire in the love poems of The Wind Among the
Reeds. We are here proposing that this same contrapuntal method, the
rhetorical correlate of Yeats’s inveterately dialectical way of thinking,
 Introduction  5

functions implicitly to structure the temporal consciousness and the

related sense of historical engagement expressed in Yeats’s verse.
Yeats’s prophetic mode, for example, in which he explores what
Michael Wood calls “that instant just before the event,”5 inevitably
conceives “the coming times” not just in relation to an unalterable past
that has produced them, but as themselves a pastness, a lostness,
located in an emergent future: an event or set of events that already
bears, in the advent of its appearance, a cast that cannot be changed,
only witnessed. The prophecy of a poem like “The Second Coming”
is just such a witnessing, neither predictive nor providential, but a
dwelling in revelation, the continued futurity of which renders it
uncertain but no less fated, a site of combined anxiety and conviction.
Another poem in the prophetic mode, “Sailing to Byzantium,”6 looks
ahead to a transcendent consummation (“once out of nature”) that has
in a sense already arrived (“I have sailed the seas and come / To the
holy city of Byzantium”) because it takes its character entirely from
what it is not, that “no country for old men” which paradoxically exists
in a present anterior to Yeats’s completed odyssey—an “artifice of eter-
nity” indeed. “The Magi” (VP, 318) too prophesies one of those immi-
nent apocalyptic scenarios, though neither in the manner of prediction
nor of testimony but rather one of anticipation, a desire that envisions
a predestined yet unprecedented future as a replication, a paradoxical
memory (“once more”), of a still unprocessed past.
Other poetic engagements with the future in Yeats’s work eschew
prophecy and center instead on the sheer unknowability of what will
follow, a crucial aspect of any future qua future. Yeats’s penchant for
ending poems with questions, particularly abstruse metaphysical
questions (“The Cold Heaven”) or questions of fundamental life val-
ues (“What Then?”), refuses closure in the present and points to some
later moment of potential knowledge while at the same time suggest-
ing that this moment cannot, by definition, come to pass. In either
case, the question is posed by a ghost (the speaker’s, Plato’s), indicat-
ing that the solution may be lodged, mnemonically, in the bygone life
to come. The afterlife, that most indefinite of futures, turns into a sign
of belatedness.
6  Introduction

The belatedness that besets Yeats’s meditations on the past comes

in similarly varied and complex forms. Many poems struggle with
loss, remorse, and disillusionment, both personal and political, but the
tenor of that struggle and its emotional yield changes with the tem-
poral logics that Yeats puts into play. Both “To A Shade” and “Nine-
teen Hundred and Nineteen,” for example, enact belated recognitions
of harsh truths but speak to distinct temporal configurations that give
Yeats’s sense of belatedness a radically different turn in each. In “To A
Shade” (VP, 292–93) contemporary Ireland remains tethered to and
therefore untaught by its recent past, specifically the rise of a Philis-
tine middle class. But if it is too late for the poet and his stalking
horse, Parnell, to change Ireland in the now, if reforming the present
entails having already reformed the past, there nevertheless remains
hope for the future (“The time . . . has not come”). Yeats’s sense of
­belatedness in “To A Shade” is epistemological, a matter of cultural
misrecognition, and so while profound (he is again left speaking to
ghosts), it is also potentially redeemable (the recognition produced by
the poem itself may lead, in time, to the ghost’s return). In “Nineteen
Hundred and Nineteen” (VP, 428–33) contemporary Europe, in the
form of a Yeatsian “we,” has been violently dissevered from its recent
past (“seven years ago”) and violently disabused of the illusions of that
time. But it finds the recognition itself to be utterly unavailing, or
worse, an awareness of an earlier poisoning that is itself poisonous.
Yeats’s sense of belatedness on this occasion is ontological: it is evi-
dently long past time to refashion our very being, and any recognition
of this reality, to Yeats’s mind, partakes in tone, form, and affect of the
reality itself. In “To A Shade” the past holds the present hostage, leav-
ing the future isolated as the locus of a residual utopian hope. In
“Nineteen Hundred and Nineteen” the dystopian present discredits
every truth the past proclaimed, retroactively toppling the founda-
tions for any future development.
The dialectics of time in other Yeats poems reach a more affirma-
tive posture of retrospection; the speaker experiences regret, loss, and
even bitterness, but achieves acceptance, at least temporarily, of what
is and has been. These poems tend to have a more inward focus or
­intimate point of reference, broaching possible distinctions to be
 Introduction  7

charted, over the course of Yeats’s oeuvre, between personal and col-
lective temporalities. In “A Dialogue of Self and Soul” (VP, 477–79)
the aging Yeatsian speaker, his past now all but coextensive with his
fate, casts out the “remorse” attendant on each by turning them into
an imaginary future he wills for himself. A classic instance of Nietz-
schean amor fati, Yeats’s “afterword” here becomes his new life: “I am
content to live it all again / And yet again.” In a slightly different vein,
“No Second Troy” apprehends the past as a classical-contemporary
palimpsest, at once layered and disjointed, that brought forth Maud
Gonne as she positively had to be, while “post-figuring” some lost
potential destiny for her.
Yeats further complicates the temporal dialectics his poems take
up by subjecting his poetic text to its own play of retroaction and
renewal, a “revivalism” of its own. An inveterate reviser of his own
work, Yeats constantly provided “afterwords” to previously finished
poems in the form of new versions. As a believer in belief who could
never let go of skepticism, he routinely countered his apparently cer-
tain or categorical statements with the afterwords of qualifications. It
is precisely the act of qualification, the afterword, rather than the
assertion of certainty, that we find central to his poetics. Indeed, one
of Yeats’s most distinctive and innovative poetic strategies altogether
blurs the line between word and afterword by setting up a pattern of
iteration, an echo chamber, wherein the new poems of his middle and
late periods comprise a tissue of citations and allusions to his earlier
works. At a certain point in his career, Yeats’s poetic enterprise begins
to move forward and backward simultaneously, into a future constituted
by its recursive critique of his former attitudes, assumptions, and
assertions and by its ongoing indebtedness to his previous rhetorical
experiments and constructions. Owing to this self-citational strategy,
the signature principle of intertextuality that Yeats brought to his
books of verse—wherein each poem resonates, meaningfully and in
detail, across an entire series—can be traced through his entire corpus.
If Yeats may be conceived as a kind of poetic angel of history,
facing insistently backwards as he is borne ceaselessly into the
­
future, his status derives as much from the imaginative mode as the
cultural sites of his engagements. As a result, the retroversive dynamic
8  Introduction

­ escribed here unfolds not only in the themes of his poems but also
d
in the very tissue of his language. Yeats may also then be conceived,
with a slight shift of emphasis, as an angel of poetic history. Just as his
imagination dwelt on the “woman lost” (VP, 413), on the afterimages
of vanished beauty and vanquished glory, so Yeats’s words are always
afterwords in which past valences, prior usages, defunct contexts,
from both Yeats’s own oeuvre and the wider poetic tradition, re-sound
and re-circulate. On the level of the poetic line, Yeats’s words achieve
their richest effects as afterwords. Michael Wood identifies two such
effects, which he calls the “follow-on effect” and the “rear-view effect”:
“The first . . . makes you feel that afterthoughts are always preparing
some sort of ambush; the second retroactively alters the meaning of
the sentence.”7 And Yeats’s dazzling array of verb tenses, and the com-
plex temporalities they create, still awaits a full exploration.
This volume proceeds in three stages, involving past-pastness,
present-pastness, and future-pastness. The first, entitled “The Last
Romantics,” examines how Yeats consistently reiterates classic motifs
and verbal formulations from his literary forebears in order to express
the circumscribed cultural options with which he struggles. The essays
in this section often see Yeats as positioning himself after sources and
precursors that are surprising or have been relatively neglected by
scholars. Renée Fox examines the early Yeats’s engagement with the
kind of afterlife offered by that important Victorian cultural institu-
tion, the museum. She argues that, in contrast to the dominant tra­
dition in English poetry that associated museums with imperialism
and transhistorical, deadened aesthetic forms, Yeats forged a revivalist
ideology of cultural reanimation through collection and preservation,
one that was equally applicable to museums and literature, and that
was optimistic, enabling, and forward-looking. Joseph Valente finds
that Yeats did not abandon aestheticism and decadence in order to
turn to Irish revivalism; rather, he shows that Yeats structured his
revivalism through aestheticist ideology. Aestheticism, in other words,
has its afterword, not its antithesis, in the Irish Literary Revival.
Yeats’s relationship with various individual precursors and tradi-
tions ranging from Romantic poetry to eighteenth-century Ireland to
Nietzsche has been ably examined by a number of prominent schol-
 Introduction  9

ars.8 “Influence” is an inadequate term for Yeats’s deliberate, even vi-

olent inventions of the traditions he claimed to inherit, mine, and
extend.9 In keeping with this insight, James Murphy’s essay on Yeats
and Carleton shows Yeats creating a Carleton who embodied the art-
less authenticity of the Irish peasant. Murphy argues that it was this
appropriative gesture, rather than the accuracy of his portrayal of
Carleton, that made Yeats a true follower of his predecessor: Carleton
himself was prone to strong misprisons of other writers for his own
ends. Elizabeth Cullingford’s analysis of Yeats’s use of mythological
and folkloric materials highlights how selective and specific Yeats’s
engagement with the Chuchulain sagas was. Over and over again,
Yeats chose the theme of fathers who kill their sons rather than any of
the many other aspects of his sources. Cullingford concludes that,
ironically, Yeats was, in the end, more attached to the tragic foreclo-
sure of future possibility embodied in that theme than he was to the
potential of a revitalized Irish culture.
The second section, entitled “Yeats and Afterwords,” looks at how
Yeats subjects his own past sentiments and insights to critical nega-
tion, crafting his own afterwords in various ways. Margaret Mills
Harper analyzes Yeats’s revisions of A Vision, arguing that the 1937
version is very different from the 1925 edition, more so than previous
scholars have noted, and that these differences provide insight into
how Yeats’s writing in the 1930s in general reworks the poetic and po-
litical stances of the 1920s. Gregory Castle focuses less on specific
revisions and more on the principle of error and revision as central to
Yeats’s revivalism. Castle argues that this revivalism was devoted to
the future rather than to the past, and that Yeats’s apparent backward
glances and afterwords are actually productive corrections of earlier
errors that bear him into the future while at the same time revealing
themselves, too, to be misrecognitions. Guinn Batten explores the
dialectical nature of Yeats’s thinking about language itself in the con-
text of political violence and the urge to establish new human com­
munities.
Yeats’s imagining of various endpoints inevitably involved that
most inevitable of endpoints, death. Few poets have written as fre-
quently, or as movingly, about aging and death as Yeats. Works like
10  Introduction

Jahan Ramazani’s Yeats and the Poetry of Death have established death
as a central muse for Yeats.10 In this volume, Marjorie Howes traces
representations of graves and burial in the late Yeats to uncover two
conflicting impulses provoked by that muse. In one, Yeats asserts his
will to manage his passing and his legacy, to determine what kinds
of afterwords he will leave behind. But, Howes argues, the late Yeats
relinquishes that project and embraces a more disturbing, less con-
trolled version of death and memorialization as a more fitting end-
point to his literary endeavors.
Finally, a third section, entitled “Yeats’s Aftertimes,” explores how,
thanks to the stature Yeats achieved through its invention, his style of
belatedness itself comes to be reiterated as the future of other writers.
Yeats is a towering figure in literary history, hard to follow and harder
to avoid, and later writers often found themselves producing words
that were, in some sense, his afterwords. In his comparison of the late
Eliot and the late Yeats, Jed Esty argues that the poets stage contrast-
ing ways of confronting individual mortality and civilizational crisis.
While Eliot sought the end of personal and national history in the
transcendent shapes of national revival and divine order, Yeats aban-
dons his earlier myth-making and submits to the empty succession of
time. In this, Esty argues, Yeats looks ahead to the existential anxieties
of later writers such as Auden, Beckett, Camus, and Sartre. Seán Ken-
nedy traces part of Beckett’s complex response to the later Yeats,
ar­guing that Beckett’s unpublished story “Echo’s Bones” conducts a
critique of Yeats’s preoccupation with authoritarian politics, aristo-
cratic reproduction and genealogies, and the declining fortunes of the
Anglo-Irish. Here, too, the temporality of the afterword is complex;
Kennedy suggests that “Echo’s Bones” r­ esponds prolepticly to imagi-
native and political tendencies that Yeats would display most strongly
in Purgatory, which was written after Beckett’s story. Vicki Mahaffey’s
essay explores the affinity of Yeats’s later poetry and the short fiction
of his Anglo-Irish compatriot, Elizabeth Bowen. For Mahaffey, Yeats’s
express awareness of the incommensurability of loss and mortality in
their objective and subjective dimensions, as adamantine facts and
fluid modes of experience, finds a responsive elaboration in Bowen’s
wartime experiments with layered and recursive narrative temporality,
 Introduction  11

which, for its part, supplies something of a foreword to the magical

realism of much postwar, postcolonial literature.
Ronald Schuchard’s essay finds that Yeats’s legacy for four con-
temporary Irish poets lies in his struggle to negotiate between the
claims of transcendent art and those of historical entanglement, a
struggle that left profound marks on their poetry, whether they
resisted Yeats, embraced him, or did both. Yeats’s aftertimes are, of
course, still unfolding, as new generations of writers confront the
powers and dangers offered by his example. His modes of belatedness
continue to provoke other writers into similarly belated stances.
Much excellent previous Yeats scholarship has explored aspects of
his belatedness: Yeats’s relation to precursors, his revivalism, his grap-
pling with death, and all the contributors to this volume are pro-
foundly indebted to such work. What we hope distinguishes this
volume from previous work is that it illuminates belatedness, not as a
­period in Yeats’s career (like the Irish Literary Revival) or a theme
(like death), but as a central, underlying logic that structures his poet-
ics from beginning to end. Indeed, this logic stretches further, extend-
ing to writers, current and future, who craft their words in belated
response to Yeats’s own afterwords.

N otes

1. See, for example, Una Frawley, ed., Memory Ireland, vol. 1, History
and Modernity (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2011); Ian McBride,
ed., History and Memory in Modern Ireland (Cambridge: Cambridge Univer-
sity Press, 2001); and Kevin Whelan, “Between Filiation and Affiliation:
The Politics of Postcolonial Memory,” in Ireland and Postcolonial Theory, ed.
Claire Carroll and Patricia King (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre
Dame Press, 2003).
2. The phrase refers to Robert Scally’s The End of Hidden Ireland (New
York: Oxford University Press, 1996), which uncovers the previously un-
known lives of Irish peasants on the eve of the famine.
3. Nicholas Grene, Yeats’s Poetic Codes (New York: Oxford University
Press, 2008); Helen Vendler, Our Secret Discipline: Yeats and Lyric Form
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007); Michael Wood, Yeats
and Violence (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010). See also Vereen M.
12  Introduction

Bell, Yeats and the Logic of Formalism (Columbia: University of Missouri

Press, 2006).
4. The long, distinguished tradition of historicist scholarship on Yeats
has been exemplified, in fact, by some of the contributors to this volume,
­including Marjorie Howes, Elizabeth Cullingford, and Ron Schuchard. See
Marjorie Howes, Yeats’s Nations: Gender, Class, and Irishness (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1996); Elizabeth Cullingford, Gender and His-
tory in Yeats’s Love Poetry (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993);
Ron Schuchard, The Last Minstrels: Yeats and the Revival of the Bardic Arts
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008).
5. Wood, Yeats and Violence, 70.
6. The Variorum Edition of the Poems of W. B. Yeats, ed. Peter Allt and
Russell K. Alspach (New York: Macmillan, 1957), 407–8. Hereafter cited
parenthetically as VP.
7. Wood, Yeats and Violence, 122.
8. On the Romantics, the defining work has been that of George
Bornstein. On the Irish eighteenth century, see Donald Torchiana, W. B.
Yeats and Georgian Ireland (Washington DC: Catholic University of America
Press, 1992). On Yeats and Nietzsche, see Frances Nesbitt Oppel, Mask and
Tragedy: Yeats and Nietzsche (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press,
1987).
9. For an excellent recent examination of Yeats as a strong (mis)reader
of nineteenth-century Irish literary traditions, see R. F. Foster, Words Alone:
Yeats and His Inheritances (London: Oxford University Press, 2011).
10. Jahan Ramazani, Yeats and the Poetry of Death: Elegy, Self-Elegy, and
the Sublime (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990).
 Part I

T he L as t R om an t i c s
 cha pter 1

The Revivalist Museum

Yeats and the Reanimation of History

Renée Fox

Throughout the nineteenth century, the British Museum haunted the

imaginations of English poets, provoking meditations on the rela-
tionship between aesthetics, mortality, and history, as well as the rela-
tionship between their own art and its unstable participation in an in-
evitably political history. The collections in the Museum provided
poets like Dante Gabriel Rossetti, John Keats, and Thomas Hardy
with objects upon which to consider how divorcing—or failing to
­divorce—the aesthetic from the historical altered the ethical and
structural integrity of art. For these poets, the British Museum, in
seeking to collect and make into British art the historical relics of
other cultures, becomes an imaginative site of both cultural death
and colonial reanimation. The artifacts of ancient cultures (the Elgin
Marbles, for instance) that comprise the subjects of much nineteenth-
century museum poetry are remnants whose resuscitated life in En-
glish poetry catalyzes the poets’ anxiety about the inherently imperial,

15
16  R e n é e F o x

and thus destructive, nature of their own art. As an English institu-

tion dating back to 1753, the British Museum was for these poets a
fundamental and inescapable symbol of material history and the po-
litically flawed transformation of history into art.
William Butler Yeats, who began his poetic career in the 1880s,
had a different, less Gothic sense of the relationship between collect-
ing, history, and art than did the English poets around him. Although
he lived in London surrounded by—and much enamored with—its
museums, he did not share the museum-inspired imperial guilt of his
English counterparts, nor did he have an equivalent Irish institution
to occupy a similar position in his early poetry. What is now the Irish
National Museum, once the Dublin Museum of Science and Art,
only broke ground in 1885, and Yeats began writing at a moment in
Irish history when the structure, contents, political purpose, and social
function of a national collection were all hotly under debate. While
Yeats spent his later decades mired in frustrated controversies about
Dublin’s museums and art collections,1 the Victorian Yeats had faith
in the political, aesthetic, and historical efficacy of the national collec-
tion as a site for the synthesis of a national sense of self.
With plans for an institutional museum of ancient artifacts still
nascent and unformed in Dublin, Yeats’s early works, particularly his
anthologies of Irish fairy tales and his long poem “The Wanderings
of Oisin,” create textual museums out of historical fragments, stories,
and poetic forms. Born just as Victorian England was feeling flush
with an influx of new museums in the wake of the Great Exhibition
of 1851—between 1850 and 1882 the number of museums in Britain
expanded from fewer than 60 to more than 250—Yeats emerged onto
the literary scene three decades later amidst a waning Victorian sense
that national identity could be developed and displayed in public col-
lections of the past. Yet Yeats’s early work retrenches the mid-century
Victorian optimism about the political and aesthetic power of the
­historical collection, reimagining the alienating act of collecting as a
process of national revitalization.2 In doing so, Yeats writes against the
notion, increasingly prevalent in the late nineteenth century, that the
museum was a space of death rather than a space of life.
 T h e R e v i v a l i s t M u s e u m    17

As Theodor Adorno writes at the beginning of his essay “Valéry

Proust Museum,” “Museum and mausoleum are connected by more
than phonetic association. Museums are like the family sepulchers of
works of art. They testify to the neutralization of culture.”3 Adorno’s
essay offers two different understandings of how this neutralization
of culture relates to mortality. Reading Paul Valéry’s discomfort with
museums in “The Problem with Museums” and Marcel Proust’s
meditations on the afterlife of art in À la Recherche du Temps Perdu,
Adorno argues that an understanding of the museum as a space of
death emerges from Valéry’s sense of art as a “pure thing” that loses
its “expressive realization”—is put to death—when it becomes part of
the chaotic cultural jumble of a museum.4 Proust, in contrast, accord-
ing to Adorno, sees works of art as “from the outset something more
than their specific aesthetic qualities . . . they are part of the life of
the person who observes them.”5 Whereas Valéry, as he writes in “The
Problem of Museums,” thinks that the “juxtaposition of dead visions”
in the museum “has something insane about it,” for Proust, “only the
death of the work of art in the museum [can] bring it back to life,”
for only when art is “severed from the living order in which it func-
tioned” will its “true spontaneity” be released.6 To Valéry, the very
fact of seeing artworks out of context sounds their death knell, but to
Proust, the presence of viewers allows objects to live again, to have an
ongoing, active place in an ever-changing culture.
Yeats would seem to share this Proustian ecstasy at the revivifying
power of decontextualization, yet for Yeats, the museum is less a place
of historical dismemberment than a space in which the multiplicity
of world history swirls together in synergistic recombination. Like
Walter Pater, in whose vampirically reborn Mona Lisa the experiences
of humanity are collected and regenerated, Yeats accorded the museum
a reanimating power, a power to give the dead a new, exciting, and
culturally weighty life rather than a denigrated or monstrous one.
Yeats’s late nineteenth-century museum is not Adorno’s space of neu-
tralized culture, or Valéry’s insane juxtaposition of dead visions, or
Proust’s elated severing of art from function; rather, Yeats imagined
the museum as a model for the culturally revivifying power of poetry,
for the ways in which fragments of history could be resuscitated—and
18  R e n é e F o x

r­ e-historicized—by the modern aesthetic imagination. Although his

later poems that deal explicitly with national collections excoriate
what he sees as their institutionalization of mortality, in the last
decades of the nineteenth century Yeats’s efforts at literary collecting
demonstrate an idealistic captivation with the poetic and political
potential of collecting the past in order to bring a national future
to life.

Necromancy in the British Museum

In “The Burden of Nineveh,” one of the most famous “museum

poems” of the nineteenth century, Dante Gabriel Rossetti sees En-
gland’s own future ruin in the statue of a “wingéd beast” being brought
into a room in the British Museum:

For as that Bull-god once did stand

And watched the burial-clouds of sand,
Till these at last without a hand
Rose o’er his eyes, another land,
And blinded him with destiny: —
So may he stand again; till now,
In ships of unknown sail and prow,
Some tribe of the Australian plough
Bear him afar,—a relic now
Of London, not of Nineveh!7
(171–80)

The British Museum, full of relics of past empires, inspires a fantasy

of a future in which England, too, is just a collection of relics to be
carted away. Rossetti imagines the British Museum not only as a
tomb of mixed ancient cultures—“dead Greece” and “the corpse of
Nineveh” stand side by side—but also as a kind of slaughterhouse.
The ancient statue, itself a mythical hybrid of man, bull, and winged
lion, becomes a “dead disbowelled mystery,” a “mummy of a buried
faith / Stark from the charnel” (15–17): not just a monument brought
 T h e R e v i v a l i s t M u s e u m    19

to its final resting place but a jumbled body disgorged and left amidst
a jumble of other bodies. This strange dead creature occasions Ros-
setti’s imaginative re-creation of ancient Nineveh, but his regenera-
tion of the ancient world never escapes the mortality from which it
emerges. “From their dead Past thou liv’st alone,” Rossetti writes of
the sculpture, torn from its vanished dead culture (48), and his won-
der at its shadow, cast alike by the sun of Nineveh and the sun of
London, suggests not a revelatory persistence or a rebirth of the past,
but rather the persistence of cultural doom and destruction.8
“The Burden of Nineveh” presents two possible paths for the
­ancient objects collected in the British Museum: they can either be
the relics of history, providing an access point for modern eyes to
­regenerate the past; or they can be transhistorical works of art, main-
tained in an eternal present tense by their aesthetic value. The poem
ultimately falls on the side of the latter, the side of aestheticism, rather
than on the side of historical transmission. To see the museum piece
as a cultural relic rather than as an instance of beauty would be ulti-
mately to imagine its destruction and cultural appropriation, its sub-
jective revivification by imperial imaginations and its attendant loss
of meaning. By setting his poem in the British Museum, the imperial
collection par excellence, Rossetti allows his own artistic effort to
­become a participant in the power struggle between aesthetics and
political subjugation inherent in the collecting practices of the British
Empire. The British Museum forces a choice between the aesthetic
and the historical, between a beautiful death and an imperial re­
animation.
In re-creating a world of Nineveh within its own poetic strictures,
the poem reenacts the violent appropriation by which the statue came
to be enclosed within the walls of the Museum. Rossetti deliberately
“wakes” the poem from this imperial dream—“. . . Here woke my
thought” (151)—when he ceases to imagine Nineveh and begins
instead to project the same fate for England. Borrowing the iambic
tetrameter of much of Tennyson’s “In Memoriam,” “The Burden of
Nineveh” is ultimately a poem of mourning, not for the lost culture of
which only a sculpture remains, but for the art of England, prolepti-
cally buried and misunderstood by excavators.9 Rossetti imagines the
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146*Le Maltre Walter 142 Reed Wm 14)0 Kolosonek Frank
138‘Nerriere Henry M 136* Moore Joihn W 134‘Ferrls Mary A Mrs
132‘Annls Frank H 130* Warren Clifford 3 128‘Williams Walter
126‘Scott Thos 124*Ord Branscombe 122‘McAlllster John ]20‘ Willard
Wm 118»Hm Cecil ,S 110*Hunter John K 108 Dennison Joseph #
Ralph st commences 104*MeLellan Heniry 102*Toms Ernest W
100*Clarkson Roy W ^ Rosemount av commences $■ Traclts cross
Lindsey Stanley Seed Mills Ltd South Station st commences ^ Main
st crosses 6 White W_m & Son bicycle repairs 6A DeVries Fritz L
2li*.Milling John 22‘Harvey Jean M 24‘Brookbanks Harold 30
McCrelglit Thos Weston Wood Specialty Company 32 Vacant 4:2
McMillan Lumber & Bldg Supply 44* 1 2 3 4 5 * 7 8 9 10 11rhapman
Stanley E 4S*E.mery Nelson Bruyns Pumping Service Tank Truck
Sea-vice 52 Robinson Audrey Mrs 56*Steadman Wm Kleophor Jas
38* Avery Fred 62‘Rathwell Dora Mrs 64*Allen Wilfred 6!i*Winter
Ethel Mrs 0 Little av crosses Humber crosses SOUTH SIDE . .
253:tBishop A Maurice 251 ‘Martini Angelo 243*Reynolds Chas
241*Edwards Donald 239‘Carter John 237‘Rlack Wm B 225‘Woolsey
Albert E barber 223‘Vanpee John 221‘Imrenc Frank 21 9*Paul Alex
217*Thompson Tllios ■'"‘Harris Arfbij,r 213‘Beairdall Stanley H
205‘Fon Fara Harry K 2 03 ‘Jen nines Allan 201‘Mertens Fredk L
109‘Hnson Robt C Gibson av ends Canada Cycle & Motor Co Ltd +
Tracks cross Weston Coal & number Co Sampson Block 0 Main st
crosses 1 Parrish Clifford fob and confy 1A Household Finance small
loans South Side Continued 3. Hobbs Glass Ltd 5 Wardlaw Bros oil
heating coutr 5 A Winn Robt dentist 7 Weston Building Products Ltd
9 Barter Wm J garage 11 White Wm O 15‘Shiuiinan George 15‘Lee
Thomas J ■2.1 Browne Jessie Mils Morrow Donald 25‘Farley Wm
27‘Hutcbinson Minnie Mrs 43* Daly Simcoe M 45*McAllister Robert 4
7* Moor Edith ‘Moor Ethel Moor Edith Mrs 49*Banks A Mrs
51‘Partrlck Chas Jackson Seiptimus 53‘Gardihouse Leonard Toomey
John 55‘Hanaga.n Herbert 57*Rowntree Vernon W 61‘Smith Mabel
‘Smith lsobel V ‘■Smith Jean Weston Town Park & Recreation
Grounds Weston Lawn Tennis ■Club Weston Arena Weston YW.OA
Little av crosses Humber crosses LAWRENCE CRES 12 South-east
from Lympstone av back to same, forming a circle with Mount
Pleasant rd as its radius, third east of Yonge, Ward 9. NORTH SIDE .
1* Parkinson Harry S 5 ‘Wallis Preston R J1 14‘Wiright Howard L 13
Currie G W Mrs 21*Dillon Richd B 25‘Dinsmore Wm N 2'7
‘Summerville Wm ♦ Mount Pleasant rd crosses 1'3‘Pyle Donald 45
Donaldson G Ronald 17 ‘Wallis Wm A 51‘Stanbury VV Stuart 53‘Laver
Jegn Mrs 55*'Bireckenridge Ronald C 63 ‘Bruce Allan W
6:5*Donaldson E Isabel Mrs 6'7 ‘.Shepard Alfred B 75 Rossiter Roger
E ♦Tucker Sami T 77*Leckie Grace E Mrs 81 ‘Alexander Edmund H A
85*MacLeo:d Edmund (C 91 ‘Meade Fred Page H Wm 93*Brown W
Norman Scott Ellen ♦ Mount Pleasant .rd crosses 111‘iHamiltou Bert
G 113‘Craw W Alexander 1 15*Fairclough Richd P 117*Murdocli
Archd 121*Tuimbull Arthur G SOUTH SIDE . 6‘Walker Alfred E H
8‘Lunan Wm 12*Wade Fredk 14*McLaughlin Wm C 18‘Hamiiton
Sidney B 20*Carter John R 22* Davis Alfred H 24*Rose Donald W ♦
Mount Pleasant ird crosses 3'0‘Kennedy George M 32‘Stockelbach
Kuno 34*Smitih Sami J 38*Mulholland Evelyn C Mn 40‘Hetherington
John A 46‘Sadlei.r H Llewellin 4S*€olebrook H Gordon Lympstone av
crosses 86‘Bicknell A Bertram 8S*Mitchell Laurier S 90*Sparfel Jos G
9i2*Patterson Allan S 9'6‘BaInes Cleiment A 100‘Kush Edwin W
102‘McGough Henry J 1 04* Warren Walter ♦ Mount Pleasant rd
crosses 120‘Edwards Hubert J ]i22*Preeman Russen 124*Grand Jas
12'6‘Clearihue H Beverley 130‘Shier Robt V B 132*Whelen Morland P
134‘Hanle.v Jas B LAWS 9 North from 288 Annette to junction of St
John’s rd and Dunda8, first west of Clendenan av, Ward 7. EAST
SIDE . 15‘Farago John 19 Hart Wm T .Stevenson Lloyd Rosenthals
Theadors 23‘MeCaul Thos 25‘Campbell Roy G 27*Gulston Harry LAW
LAWTON East Side Continued 29‘McLelland Elizth Mrs 33‘Xo.polnicki
Walter 35 1 Mummea-y Lena Mrs 1A McMurray Frank 2 Clement
Daniel 3 Love Doris Longley B 39 Toipham Arthur E 43‘Taglietti John
J Bertram Mary Mlrs 45‘S'Wybrous John Childs Wm H Bertram Mary
Mrs »7‘Wans'brough Rex 49*Brown Russell W •Brown Elizth Kent
Harry 51‘McLaughlin Robt R 53 ‘Hill Robt B 55*iLyons Caldwell Privatt
Herbt L 59*McGarvey Peter J 6ll*Gireenshields Mary B Mrs 65 Bagot
Herbert B & Sons mf.rs agents •Bagot Herbt B 67‘Wilton Raymond
7.1‘Phalr Winston Eades Thos 73‘Oairruthers Jean Mrs 75*Godfrey
Nancy Mrs 79*.Plavac Eli 81* Measures Harold A S3*Ford Cyril WEST
SIDE . 2*Mc'Inn,es Muriel Mrs 4*Couke Jos H 6‘McCleary Ruby Mrs
S*Dawes Charles B 10‘Ackehu.rst Albert V 12‘Mun.ro Colina M rs 14
Ball Wm E Vipond Leslie C 16 'Christie Alex IJ Thomson Wm N
20‘VVhetter Kenneth WLetter Alena Mrs Hicks Ronald Toronto
Restaurant Supplies 2.2‘Stadelman Mabel H Mlrs Ayiris Harold J
26‘iMartindale Ernest 30*Paddon Catherine Mrs LeJiman Murray
34*Currie Harold Banks Wilbert 36*.\lartin Norman Wairk Andrew 38
McClellalnd Wm T 42 .Seeley H Ray Siernon Donald G 44
MoOrimmon Viola Mrs Turnbull Thos 46‘Mlllard John
4S*DzwIekowskl E Thos 52*Woodforde Elsie Mrs 54‘Washchuk
Moisei Vacant 56*Douglas Nelson ■Cake Augustus M 58*McALpine
Ralph ■Bodiam Albert 6;2 Rutlherfoird J Herbert 66*Upper H C 68
Tyrell Robt .Elvin Albert R 70*May Lois M Adams George 72*Balko
Steven 74*Tuckley Frank 7i6*WeIton Mabel Mrs 78‘Guyan Edwd SO
Kirk George J 82 Kerfoot John 84 Kerfoot Jas 86‘RitchIe Gladys M
Ritdhie Florence Mrs •Rltohle Constance 88‘Mhzurek Stanislaw
90‘Tlsdall Wm E Weir Elvin 94 iBenjar Bernice Mrs optometrist
•Bejnar Michael .Cameron Elizth Mrs 4.LAWSON AV (Long B) 14 First
north of Lake Prom enade, runs between ThirtyFirst and Arcadian
Circle. Not built on LAWTON BLVD 12 Northwest from Yonge, third
north of St Clair av west, Ward 3. EAST SIDE . 57 Lawton 'Courts
APARTMENTS— 1 McWilllam Jessie 2 Hopkins Ray R 3 Bennett Olive
Mrs 4 Grant Adam 5 Betts J Stanley fi Wbltton Fredk 7 Gibbons
MaTgairet S 8 Robinson Arthur J 9 — 10 — 11 MacPtiail Jas 7 Street
Guide, Pink Page 289
 LAW LAWTON East Side Continued 59‘Adams Herbert B 61*
(Paair [Bessie T 63»Smlth F Grenville 65*'Obristie Douglas T
69‘Chambers Margt Mrs Tl*Judson Wilfred 73*Lowes Albert 75
‘Warner Jessie Mrs 77‘Secoxd Mary Mrs Grant Wm 79*W!hite Albert
F 81‘Lawison Margt J 83‘Holtby Ella Mrs 85»Balls Madeline Mrs
89*'Cousins Douglas F 9 5 ‘Kelly Loyal M 97 Burns Kathleen E Burns
Marjory Urquhart Alee H 97A Bray Harry IS 101 Lawtonia Apts
APARTMENTS— (basement) Liptrott Fred G 1 Wagner Dixon P 2
Anderson Isabel M 3 Coxwell Mona H 4 Manning Marlon M Mrs 5
Blair Fager D 6 Balllle Kenneth 7 Evelegh Edmund J 8 LeBel Eugene
A lumber broker 9 Wilson Daisy L Mir* 11 Cowan Mary W Mrs 12
Beveridge Edith Mrs 14 Matany Margt Mrs 15 Gundy S F 16 Atwood
G Evans 17 Rice Stafford G 18 Pitman Lucie J 19 Lehto Karl 21 Pope
James A 22 Finnigan Ella Mrs 23 Law John D 24 Hardy Florence S 25
McMulkin Leila Mrs 26 Cline Earle P 27 Baillie Hannah 28 McCo.rt
Norah E 29 McDonald Frances M 31 Sutherland Frank J 32
Chairlesworth Wm V 33 Barber R Anson 34 Fortune Katherine 35 —
36 — 37 Sutherland Aubrey A 38 Barnes Madeline M 39 Stewart
Jean CUne Mildred 41 Jephcott Gertrude 42 Annesley Evelyn Mrs 43
Jones Dorothy A 44 Christianson Donna 45 Jones Eric E 46 Seaton
Marie S 47 Ross Helen M 48 [Robson Mary J Mrs 49 Rushford Predk
W STREET CONTINUED 109 Clow Harry ‘Pearce Rose Mrs
111‘Roiblnson E Glenn iln*Dewar Gordon C 115‘Philliips Angus A
l>17‘Orost!hwalte Miarjory Mrs Rae Mary Houston Isabel 119‘Dzlek
Michael 121 1 Weihs Harry 2 Locke A Mrs 3 Wellhs Harry 123‘Weir
Olive 125‘Marshall Laura Mrs 127‘Scott John 129*Wyszkowskl
Wladyslaw Cawthorpe J F 131 Chapman Charles H 133‘Madsaae
Mary Mrs 135 Bryan Geo S Handley Harvey G I37*Reid Jas A 139*
John Benjamin R Williamson Ernest Reynolds Robt 141*Robertson
Donald C 143‘Reld Jas Leigh Lloyd 145 Callas John WEST SIDE .
■Christ Ohuirch (Deer Park) Anglican 4 Ardiel Advertising Agency Ltd
6 Cairthy Wm C naturopath & osteopath Black Alice M Black Ella P 8
‘Stewart Hazel Mrs rooming house de Kuyper Fernand Samson hair &
scalp clinic 10 — 12‘Klrklham Fred R MacDonald Beatrice Mrs Child
[Marguerite & Oriole gdns commences -290West Side Continued 48
Lawton Manor Apts APARTMENTS— 1 Lynch Mary E 2 Crosby M’ E
Blanche 3 Sivers Wlnnifred Mns 4 Rowney John B 5 White Arthur 0 8
Pearson C Melville 7 McKay Edna M Mrs 8 Ingram Helen Mrs Allen
George 9 Ingram Margt 10 Nixon-Retd Maude 11 Gunn Constance 12
McPherson Jesslo C 12A McFarland Margot 14 Fitzsimmons Wilmot
Mrs 15 Vacant 16 Bassin Noel M 17 Armour Stanley IS Proctor
Norman M (basement) Malone Jas J janitor STREET CONTINUED SO
Upper Can Apts ■14 Ross Alex R 15 Archer Caroline Mrs 16 Vanduzer
Fredk C Basement — Taylor Chas S caret kr > Lonsdale rd
commences 60 Fownes Leo Vandenbergh Robt H 70*Clarke Kay Mrs
72*Loomes Alfred 80 Lawton Blvd Apts APARTMENTS— 1 Neville
Hazel L 2 Lewis Fredk ■3 Abernethy J Elliott 4 Wark Lillian VVark A
Terry 5 McClellan Ruth E 6 — 7 Campbell Islay 8 Reid Pauline Mrs 11
Abbs Ada Mrs 12 iStainton Gwendolyn Mrs 14 Westcott Walter L 15
Rea N D Mrs 16 Samuel Evelyn 17 Howell Ethel 18 Neil Barbara Mrs
19 Burk Ellzth Mrs Nester Ruth B Mira 21 Tapp Douglas L 2-2
Landerkln Addle Wooley Donald 23 Calms Gladys 24 Hennessy Ellen
D Mrs 25 McOallum John W 26 Campbell Edwin 27 Btodgell Jas A 28
Campbell Nora Mm STREET CONTINUED ^ Walmsley blvd
commences 92 (Squires Catherine Mrs 94 Mattocks Albert E ‘Hoar
Jessie Mrs Weaver Bruce 96‘Tworkowski Tadeusz 98‘Bryers (Brandon
Vacant 100 1 Campbell David W Campbell Hole 2 MacDougall Jas E 3
Feagan Barry D ♦ Duggan av commences 120*Winter F Leone
Newcombe Roy E 122*Hylton Rex l;24*Foley Albert J ll26*Wilcock
John A Wilcock Kenneth J 128*Lefroy Dora Mrs 1 34*Elliott Orvll A ^
Gormley av commences 144 Hides Wessely !44A*Cumpston Basil A
146‘Freer Edward G 148*Henty Alice J Mrs 150*.Laveiry Rosina Mrs
•{•LAXIS AV (Mt Dennis) 9 North from 32 Buttonwood to Tyrone av,
first west Weston rd. EAST SIDE . 5 Renton John W 7*Harris John C
9 ‘Buchanan Peter ll*Raymond Hubert 19 Dean Reginald Fletcher
Florence Mrs 21 ‘McDonald Angus K 23’Brown Roland C 25 Jones
Robt E 27*Gregory CyTil WEST SIDE . 2*Lee Eimest Ramsay Frank
6*Butterworth Reginald 8*Snow Alice Mrs 10‘Conway James
12*Bowerman Regd F 14*Stressman Albert 16‘Leaeh Victor LAXTON
AV 3 West from Jameson av opp Collegiate Institute to Dowling av,
first south of Queen west, Ward 6. NORTH SIDE . 2*Guinane
Catherine Mrs Corner Roy 4‘McNalr Mervln A North Side Continued
6‘Hipklss James H Grant Lawrence 8‘Olack Geo 10 Clark John M
Falconer Duncan J 12»Kidd Harold A Lyons John A 14‘Dubey Michl
Fritz Fred 16*Peaker Henrietta Mrs lS*Asa.ph Ethel Mrs Evans John
20‘M'amak Jos SOUTH SIDE . 1 Bogue Jas R Edwards H W
3*'G.rymaloski Joseph 7 Bauman Fredk 9 Riclimond Hyman Nodell
Jos 11 Lynn Garnet [Burkett Edna Ward Ethel Burkett Stella
15*Tesliey J Wilfrid 17*Kulinowski Karl •{•LEA AV (Leaside) 17 East
from Airdrie rd to Laird dr, first north of Millwood rd. Not built on
•{•LEACREST RD (East York and Leaside) 17 East from Mallory ores,
first south of Southvale dr. NORTH SIDE . 2‘Korona John 4*Anderson
Clara Mrs 6‘McDonald Jas A 8‘Corey Geo A 10‘McCracken J Carlton
12*Hanson Jas M 14*Faller Thos 16‘Dohbs Walter E la*Hart Ross L
20‘Grant Donald S 2 2 ‘Griffith A Louise ‘Griffith Alice M Mrs
24‘Waddell Jas C 26*Tweddle John ^ Mallory cres crosses 30-64
Crest-View Apts APARTMENTS— 30 1 Johnson Gilbert K 2 Coyle
Harry M 3 .Smith Wm L 4 Simmons Norman D 5 .Scott Wm M 6
Butterworth Lillian 7 Noble Jas 8 Hotrum Thos H 38 1 Weckmen
Byron 2 Barnes Kenneth J 3 Bussell Isabel Fletcher Betty 4 Frayne
Trent 5 Porter J McKenzie 6 Powell Norman 7 Holden Chas J 8 Slaney
Harold 46 1 Dunn John R 2 Wilson Edwd 3 Loader Lawrence 4
Bonney W Robt 5 IBacque Graeme F 6 MacGilvray Christine 7
Ohipman John R 8 Rutherford Regd W 52 1 Tims Harry S 2 iSctooles
John 3 Burke John 4 Robinson Margt E 5 .Donaldson Eric 6 Irvine G
Harrison 7 Naisby Stephen R 8 McClelland Eli 58 1 Taylor P J 2
Sheppard Jas 3 Bain John A 4 Powell Leslie C 5 Blandhet J Henry 6
Millen Norman R 7 Ingham John O 8 Welch T A 64 1 Johnston Wm D
2 Cameron Donald A 3 Sutherland R R 4 Cox Walter J 5 Butterfield
Leslie 6 Reid Peter A 7 Ryan Chas R 8 Ingram Henry J STREET
CONTINUED— •{•Leaside . ^ Rolph Rd commences 102‘Grant Wm A
104‘Shrives Stewart J 106*Wehb Charles R 108*Ellis Bell ‘Ellis Mae
110*Stephenson Eric P 11 2* Ellsworth Lloyd 114‘Orowe Beatrice
Mrs 116*Gay John M 118‘Beange Geo C 120‘Radcliffe Irwin J
122‘Clarke Norman 124‘iSibbald Bruce C 126*Beange Chas
128*Evans Trevor A 130*Reynolds Frank G 132*Freestone Richard
134*Parr Wallace R 136*Hawes BenTy C 138*Page Kenneth B
140*Young Campbell 142‘Jackson G Allan ♦ Hanna rd ends North
Side Continued 144‘Oarter Vernon H 146 — 148‘Muirray Wm A
150*Irving Harold 152‘Holmes Brian 154*Cook Harold J 156*Grant
Ralph H 158‘Cbctorane Donald SOUTH SIDE . 7 *D arrant G Richd
9‘McDonald Robt 15*Stepihen Jas 17*Walmsley Edgar 19‘Workman
Fredk R 21‘Fonger Owen W 23*Jolhnson Ralph 25*Edmonds Wm B
27 ‘Drummond Wm A 29*Smytih l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Saml J Mallory ores
crosses 31 Crest-View Apts APARTMENTS 1 Johnston Helen S 2
'Isbester James E 3 Harvey Findlay 4 Lewis John 5 Bo Igor A Allen 6
McKellar Ellen 7 Clarke Ross 8 Brace Wm J 33 APARTMENTS— 1
Murdock Clarence 2 Mackey Arthur 3 Robinson Ross L 4 Langfeldt
[Basil 5 Steer Wm 0 6 McCulloch F Harry 7 Uirsem Alice J 8 Thomson
Thelma 35 APARTMENTS 1 Peck Thos B 2 Knowles Albert F 3 Sypher
Fredk 4 Wheeler Gilbert 5 MlaCLeod Angus H 6 Hammett Jos F 7
Durham Wim 8 Simpson Richard 37 APARTMENTS— 1 Kerwln May 2
Stewart-Piatterson Mary 3 Camm Wm 4 Robinson Path J 5 Barnes
Regd 6 Lindsay Wm R 7 VanSickle Floyd 8 Brokenshlr.e Jos 39
APARTMENTS— 1 Ryder Jas P 2 Davies David 3 Oliver Ella 4 Scott
Donald R 5 McPherson Maud 6 Carter A Geo 7 Hannah Robt J 8
Moore Henry 9 — 10 Farrell Jos 55 APARTMENTS— 1 Cooling Harry
2 Mott Clarence 3 Cummins Dalton 4 Miller Jas L 5 — 6 Pricker
Agnes 7 Campbell Lome 8 Newth Lloyd 57 APARTMENTS— 1
Campbell Donald 2 Flawn Roger 3 Baker Agnes 4 McDonald Jas W 5
Toms Fred 6 MacLean Harrison J 7 Westcott John 63 APARTMENTS—
1 Pearson Roy 2 Yeates Wm 3 Rohmer Rictod H 4 McCuiaig John 5
McClure Edwd 6— 7 Platt Ethel 69 APARTMENTS— 1 Murray Gordon
T 2 Mason Donald 3 Andoff Ronald 4 ISlceaff Ada E 5 MacLean John
6 Cahill Thos J 7 Fowler Ernest 8 Willoughby John G 75
APARTMENTS— 1 Haldeman Harry H 2 Mason Peter C 3 Brodie Eric
R 4 Murphy James L 5 McGivera Emma Mrs 6 Smith Wm S 7 O’
Gorman Allan 8 Rivard Gerald •{•Leaside lll*Jones Gordon 115*Finn
Kenneth G 117*Gregory Lelland 119‘Alton Jas ‘Alton Amelia Mrs
121‘M'acbeth John 123‘Brick John R 125*lCra;wford Geo
127*Ar.mstrong Chas 129 Powers Estelle 131 GriesbaCh Robt ,T
133*Dabous Albert 135‘Millar Geo McgratJh Kathleen 137‘Caulford
Donald A 139*Doody John E 141*!Healey Albert J 143*iSkyvington
Robt W 115 ‘Pert David W 147 ‘Haynes Eric 149‘MiacKenzie C Logie
South Side Continued 151*Macdonald Adrian 153‘Garlick Victor L
155*Linton Douglas 157‘McOain Kenneth E 159‘Young Geo
161*Holden Then G 163‘Marsliall Douglas 165‘Morxlson W Alex
•{•LEAD ALE AY (Leas) 17 North from ravine, north of Moore av to
Sutherland dr, first east of Bayview. EAST SIDE . i31*Reid John F
33*S.mith Austin , 3o*Wbanrad Edwd V 37*Amwake Harvvj J 39‘Hay
Douglas D 41 ‘Russell Mlcnaei R WEST SIDE . 38*Mitehell nerDt H
40* Clarke Henry W 42*Si.mmons Wm J E 44‘White Perclval W
46*Roome Fredk G 48*Turner Alexander 50*Reld Elwood J LEADER
LANE I North from 34 Wellington e to 63 King e, first west of Church,
Ward 3. EAST SIDE . 1 Gordon Sponge & Chamois Co McMenemy J
'Co tea and coffee 7-9 Hitchinson Nielson C comm photo 11 Byers
Publishing Co Cousins W.m comm artist Goodale John C comm artist
Alder Arthur L comm artist + Colborne st crosses 13-17 Smellie D &
Sons Ltd jewellers WEST SIDE . Hotel Parking side entn ^ Colborne
st crosses King Edward Hotel (side entrance) •{•LEDBURY (North
York) 12 North from Caribou av to Brooke av, second west of Avenue
rd. EAST SIDE . 33*:McAdam Lionel H ♦ Lawrence av w crosses
35*Mabee Robt R 37*Roblnson Howard T 39‘Kreutzer Chas ♦
Glengarry av crosses ♦ Douglas av crosses ♦ Bedford Park av crosses
 East Side Continued HT3* Wells Harper F 175*CoIvln
Florence E 17 7 ‘Barr James R 179*Norton Howard J 181‘Cl'arlte
Joell L 183 Finlayson Florence M Mrs Bodley Charles S 185‘Nor.rls
Percy J 187 David Rlchd it ^ Williamson rd commences i 195‘Alberts
Edwd 197 McConnell Jos A 199‘Clieetham Arthur A 201*Tyndall I
Lucy Mrs 203*Cooper Albert F ; 205*Young Geo S 207‘Smith Frank
Mitchell Jas 2,09‘Foxall Gerald Bates Robt 211‘Husselton Benjamin N
217*Lantaigne Gabrielle Mrs 2 19 ‘Nelson Leslie E 22'1‘Wilmot
Garton W 223 Raybould Walter A ! 22:5* Donaldson John M 227
Coote Wm Dvorak Frank 229*Renaud Jos 231‘Burt Laurence E
235‘Holiyoake Norman J 237‘Jones Charles H 239*Mallinson Boy K
241*Head J Henry '243‘Birookes Wm E + Joan av commences
267‘Lamb James H 269*Vincent Harry W 271‘Woodslde E Harold 273
‘Brown ’Richard + Glen Ames commences 273‘Howland Fredk J
277*Voice Ernest 279‘Hatoh T Bradley 281 Michaud Ann Mrs
283*Huiglh Kenneth 285‘Mosiher ©has Bolls Hebt 2S7*Romandhuk
Anna 289 Clark Albt iS 29’1‘Opsaihl Emil 293*Joirdan Jos + Long
cres commences 295*Bowley Wilfred 297*MacKenzie Charlotte M
‘MacKenzie Anna C Noble Plhyllis 1 299*Montone Thomas A Smith
Wm 301 ‘Browne Albert D 303‘Lowe Douglas M 305‘EllIs Kobt ^
307*Garrett Ian C ''' 309‘Lawson Bobt M 311*&ridger Cyril 1313‘Dale
Wm G 315*0'Sullivan Jos E 317*Kempton Douglas B WEST SIDE . 30
Bussell Jas + Queen st e crosses 94 Cassidy John E garage 96‘Payne
Geo 9S»Nlcoll Stuart B 100‘Ferguson Charles 102‘Hayes Francis B
104*Hodgklss Albert E 106‘Downes Horace 1'93‘Fenton Robert
110‘Moseley Arthur Colder Quinton 112 Gorman Josephine Mira 114
Syrett Arthur 11B Black Wm •Black Mathew 118*Vonk Wm 120
Fergusson James W Lord Theodore 122‘Gayton Regd 124‘Hsrrls
Albert Crawford Geo Crawforth Jack 126A Laldlaw Allan B Nolan
Nellie Mrs C Blackey David 130‘Pearson Lillian Russell Regd B Routh
Cecil 132*Fenton Roht J 134‘Hamlln Ernest W French Harry
136‘Oroxon Alfred H Cumberland Byron 138‘Munro Regd W
140‘Dolson John F 142 Snowdon Wm i 144 Dudley Margt Mrs
146‘Bain Mary Mrs 148 Hllborn Albert D ISO Houston Wm J Morley
Geo • 152‘Freve Geo J 153 Valne Howard S Kurtz Chester J
162‘Bardsley Wm 168 — 168A — 172‘Morley Ernest F 174‘Phllllps
Roy E All Ingham Earl 176 Guest John A 178 Riddell Walter F
180‘Purnell Henry Carnell Percy 182‘Biruce Edna R A Mrs Phillis John
184*Wade Alberta Mrs 186* Clarke William Anderson Geo K
188‘Morrlson Clarke B 190‘Pcttltt Albert West Side Continued
192‘Couper J Gordon 194*Ross Frank J 198‘Plckett Edward 200
Young Alex R 202 Brown George 204 Southwell Jos R 206‘CampbelI
EUzth C 208 Roderick Edwd 210‘Davles Edwin 212‘Llggett Jas 2114
Bates Ralph B 216 Flaherty Stanley J 21S McCann John 2i20*S
 LES LESLIE LITHOGRAPHERS & PRINTERS ROLPH • CLARK
• STONE LIMITED TELEPHONE GLADSTONE 4611 • TORONTO 8,
CANADA LABELS - POSTERS - DISPLAYS EXCLUSIVE ART
CALENDARS - MAPS GREETING CARDS - STATIONERY East Side
Continued 269 Cecil W & Son mason contractor •Cecil Wm M
Tos'hack John Reed Geo 271*Crane Edwd T 273*Laue Arthur 0
275»3IcCullough Wm 323»Knott Caroline Mrs 325 Stallan Edwd
Tempi ton Jack 329 Sullivan John A 333*Trempe Madeline 33 7
’Forbes Edwin 339 Squiibb 'Chas Farqulhar Harriet Mrs Stl’S'yine Wm
Birchard Leonard 343’Janes Wm 345*Barrett Chas L 347 ’Simpson
Wm ’Gow David 349*Campbell Edmond 351*Smlth Geo 0 Gerrard at
e crosses 387’llarrs Andrew Royston Cyril (rdair) McAllister John
(rear) Humphrey G Auto Repairs 389*Coates Annie Mrs 39tT*Brown
Wllmer 393 Jesshope Chas T 395’Sdbleyer Edon 0 397’Mulholland
Tho399’Dennis Irene Mrs 401*Brodle Arthur 403 Elliott Eva R Mrs
405’McCann Ernest A 411’Walker Robt L 413*Gault Wm R
415*James Arthur J 417’Coulter Robt A 419 McGuire Wm 421
Goatman Wm J 423*Raven John 425 — 431*McKay Thos Green
Montgomery 433*Rogers James 435’Ono Tony 437 Vacant 0 Harriett
st commences 439*GIven Susan Mrs 441 Dennis Wm J 443*Owen
Mary Mrs 445*Worrall Alfred 453 Blake Coal Co 0 Ivy ftv commences
465 Bergman Barrel Co WEST SIDE . 0 Unwin av ends 0
Commissioners ends 0 Keating st ends 0 Eastern av crosses
30*Lewis 'Geo 32 Campbell Martlha Mrs 34’Cole Gordon 36*Mason
Albt 0 Eastern av cres ends '66 Dominion Electric Mfg Co Ltd elect
equipment Dominion Electric Supply Company 0 Queen st e crosses
li04*Roy LESMOUNT AV (E Y) 6. North from Memorial Park av to
beyond O’Connor dr, first east of Donlands av. EAST SIDE . l’Tnaynor
James 3’Miller Robert Rev 5*Tye Lawrence .C Watts Ronald
7*McMabon Jos C 9’Oavalluzzo Perry P ll’Kobold A Edwin 13*Gale
Thos 15*WiUlams Herbt E 17*Elieff Harry H Rev 19*Kimberley Thos
B 21 •'Christie George 2 3 ’Drayton John 2'5’Manz Valentine
27’Woodhams Harry J 29*Vasileff Steve '3'1’Bowers Doris Mrs Miller
Edgar 33’Goirdon Effie Mrs 35*Bolton Ernest 37*Baylow Laiwirence
B 39*Lord Victor 0 Cosburn av crosses 43*Kendall Leonard R
45*Young Alex East York Radio repairs 47*Ross Walter R 49 —
51*Londesburough Erie T 53*Leonaird Frank 55’MeGarry John J
57*Roirrison Harold M 59*Aiken Jos M 61»Scott Wm P 6'3’Hough
Lillian 65‘51taKeown Edwin A 67 McNeil Orville 69*Boyes Harold L
71*Pogue James B 73*Philpott Elizth Mrs 0 Plains rd crosses
75*Eastwood Frank TV 77*Hepworth Albt 79 Thomas Nareecil 8'1
’Pearson Harry M 83*Burke Frank 85‘M'cAfee David 87*Totty Jas H
S'9*Ohiadwick Albert A 91*Cromnton Douglas J 93*Owens Wm
95*Clements Albert 97’Stmifh Warren 99’Altohison David F 101’Dunn
Clifford 0 O’Connor dr crosses 121 Hancock Fred 12 3 ’Leslie Frank
12i5*Humberstone Albert WEST SIDE . 0 Cosburn av crosses
42’Dewar David NY 44*Foubes (Peter 48*Smith Forrest 52 Ford Wm
54*Watts Jos 56 Kelley Vernal 58*Webb Fredk 60*GU1 Frank H
62*Barwell John E 64 Steadman Leonard 66 Burrough Robert W
70’Oliver John A 72*iHosklng Harold F 74* Watkins Annie .'Us
76’Daly Mark 0 Plains rd crosses 78*Johnson Samuel 80’Turner
Walter 82 Harrison Fredk 84 Wilson Olive Mr* 86’Beckley Robert 90
Penny Wm S 92*Goraon Jas 94*Flck Edwd 96*DeCaaira Anthony
•DeClara Joseph 98 Robinson John E 100 ‘O’Neil Ernest 102*G-
osden Walter 104’Kidd J Calvin 106*ChrIstlan Percy G
110*Vanderjagt John 112*Agnew Jas 0 O'Connor dr crosses
120*E.llet Jean 122*Agasslz Alfred LESSARD AV 9 West from Jane to
Old Belt Line, fifth north of bloor w. Ward 7. Not built on within limits
NORTH SIDE . -J-(Humbercrest) 4 Artistic Line 'Greeting Cards
Beaucraft Greeting Cards 6*Boyoe Albert V 5 Blenktnsop John 10
Park Gables 1 'Avery Martha Mrs Avery Laura M 2’BInsak Henry 3
Hunt Florence 4 Biarton Cyril T STREET CONTINUED 14*MoCance
John K •McCance Marjorie 16*Davidge Ann Mr3 18*Auchlneloss
Andrew W 20*Murray Geo A 22*Lozo Stanley 24*Willlamson Robt S
2'6*Ohipn'erfield Catherine Mrs 28’Clark H Jackson 30*Beach Geo J
32’Holden Harold D 34’Cbappell Gertrude Mrs 36*Melnyk Jos R
38’MilItngton Danl 4'0’Cook Harold 42*Lee David K 4 4* Cole Sarah J
Mrs 46*Harvey Herbt W 48*Pratt Charles P SOUTH SIDE .
■KHumbercrest) 3*Marshall Maud Mrs 5’Endress Herbt L 7*Wlnter
Norman R 9*Rlsely Herbt ll’Langenfelds Elmars 15*Howard Eugene F
1'7 ’Paterson Chas D 19*Mayles Sami S 21’Marshall Gordon E
23*Forbes Wm 25*Culley Edwd 27*Lawrie Wm 29 ’Marrow Thois H
♦Marrow Harriett Mrs 31 Mofher M Harry 33*WlggIns John D
35’Maekintosh John H 37*Rucheski Jos 39*Or!sp Norman D 41’Gould
Fenwick E 43*Watt Ormond 15 ’Byers D Fergus 47*Payne Henry T
49*0harles Rennie 51 ’O’Neill Louis A 53*Adamis Wm 'W 55’Severn
Chas E Lessard Park 4'1-ESTER AV (York Twp) East from Glenhaven
to Keele, 1st north of Eglinton av w. NORTH SIDE . 2 ’Cox Wm F Cox
Harry 8*Perry Wm D lO’-Oarmiehael John H Busby Edwd North Side
Continued 14*MaeDonald John T 16*Greenfield Henl; 20*Eveirett
Geo 28*Ellis Margaret 0 Richardson av crosses Vaoants (4) SOUTH
SIDE . . 1*. McKay David W 3 ’North Alex W 5*'Beruzz)a Louis 7
’(Sharpe Jordan D 9*tKirkl'and Herbt ll*iM!orris Jos 13’Marianl Albert
McMeeken Jas 17*Hadley Mary E 19 ‘Huston Robt 21’Trottier Chas
23*Mltchell Victor 25’Drmsby Roht J 0 Richardson av crosses
HhLESTRANGE PLACE (Humbercrest) 9 North from Baby Point cres
to Baby Point rd, first west of Mansford av. EAST SIDE . . l*Reid
Robert E 3*GerraTd William □•Mansell G Rlchd 7 ’Cable Howard 9
Bliss Jos S WEST SIDE . 2*Hlpwell Vivian ® 4*Bass!n Joseph
6*Bean Clifford E 8*Mattoeson A Dawson 10’Llnlngton Albert W
LEUTY AV 8 North from the Lake to Queen e, first east of Lee av.
Ward 8. EAST SIDE . . l*Thompson William O 3 Keefe Neville W 5
Edmunds Arthur 7 Thompson Arthur ® 15 ‘Kelly Geo J (Shea Edwd J
17*M(arshall Geo C 19*'Young Wm J 2il ‘Thornton Thos 25’Stone Jos
A Strong Earl 27*Fudge Fredk S 29 Else Geo •Hornby Catherine Mrs
31’Youngman Chas Adams John T 23 ‘Curry Adolph C 35*MeCormick
Fred C 37*Small Alan W 39*Dlxon Wm 1 41’Bates Harry 43‘Leaoh
Thomas 45*Feiasby Robt W •Feasby Miargt A 47 Bailey Geo 49‘G-
loster 51 Reta Jennison Allan C 51 •Miller Geo R 53-55‘Feader Alice
M Mr* •Forbes Alice E 57 Love James J 59*Taylo,r Lorna M 61
•Peirce Albert eS’Lewthwalte Jill Mrs 65’McKay Geo A 67 Coyne
Dorothy Mirr Smith Frank 69*Wlse John 71’McCarthy Tbo* C
73*Rlahout Walter J 75 Boyd Sarah M Mm 77’Hughes Daisy Mrs
79*McDanlel Henri E 81*Zifkin Benj 83*Harvey Wm R Murphy Thos
J 8l5*Beeve Percy J 87’Summervllle Harry D 89*Oolby Gordon W
91*MdLennan Roibt J Lewis Donald 93’Weiigle Jos Head Leonard
95*Clark Norman 97*Carey Florence Mrs 99’Puttenham Fredk H
Smith Harry 1'01’ChrlstoCT Thomas N WEST SIDE . 14*Jensen Alex
16* Elmer Harry M Elmer H-amry J Jr 18*Clemett Wilbert 20*Tate
Stanley 22*Hooey Chas 24’Downey Wanda M Mrs 26*Latremouille
Julian 28*Sbarpe Alma Mrs 30*Howe Frank 32*Mlller Geo L Lucas
Grant 34 Moroan Victor (C West Side Continued 18 Kew Gardens
Apts APARTMENTS— 1 Dickson Ethel B 2 Pollard John F 2A
MacMillan Keith 3 Ell William P 4 Derrick Harry 5 Church Albt A 6
Watt Gertrude Mr* 7 STREET CONTINUED 0 Violet av ends
46*iGrleve Alfred J 4i8*'Grear Marguerite Montanan Roht A
50’Stevens Edgar 5-2’Coleman Isabella M •Lloyd Helen 54 Smith
Sydney A 56’Gelsel Wm A 56A Herbert Willard 58’Egoroff Nicholas
Hllller Hubert M 60’Stephenson Oscar E 62 Anderson Wm G
64’M'cRae Duncan Mltchel Violet Mrs 6'6’Ada-ms Ralph Martin Leola
Mrs 68 Blgnell Eric G 70*Brown David iS 72 MacDonald Wm C
74*Langford Gordon A Hogeboom A1 G 76* Watkins Luther SO*
Atkinson Helen Lade Stanley 82’Head Harry R Cornelius James 86 —
KS’MacMaster John A SO’Hesk Geo Dennis Clark 92’Goldsmlth
Charles H 94’McKeag Stanley 98 Wllola Apts APARTMENTS— A1
Zealley Alfred A2 Henry John jr A3 Forrester Arthur W Al’WIngert
Leopold B1 Ward Bessie Mrs B2 Currant Douglas B3 Campbell Elmer
C B4 'Steed Willis B B5 Heppenstall Cart B'6 Barth Eveline E Cl
Frlesen Peter €2 Holroyd Ronald C3 McKay Kenneth A C4 Wilson A
Glen C5 Anderson Thos C6 Nadler Erwin J +LEWES CRES (N York)
12. North-east from St. Leonards av to Rochester av, thence south-
east to St Leonards av, first east ot Haslemere av. Ward % NORTH
AND EAST SIDE .. 4 — 6’Wendland Kenneth W 12’MacGllllvray Jas B
14’Corbett H Milton 16’Horklns Thos B 20 Reid Wllrose H 22
’McIntyre Alleen Mrs 28’Beaton Nell S 30’Boothe Walter A
32’Slmpson Mlchl G SOUTH AND WEST SIDE .. 5’ Bell Clarence W
15*Merrick Ha-rvie W 17 ’Pearce Geo 19*Rutherford Frank S
21*Magwood John M 25*Thompson Roderick LEWIS 8 North from
Eastern av to 737 Queen e. first east ef Broadview av. Ward I. EAST
SIDE . . 9*Lemieux Blanche Mrs 11 Clark Emily Mrs Clark Roy Lomas
Douglas (13’Murray John F 1'5’Carrick Margaret J Mr* 17 Freeman
Edmund 19*Burkltt Robt J 23 Harvey Harry Harvey Harry jr
27*MiacDonald James L 27% Forsythe Jas 29’WaLsh Wilfred G
Sl’Pawluk Harry 33*51cFadyen Mary Mrs 35*Tant Janet Mas
37*JnglIs Geo 39*Wlndover Hairy 41*Wall*ce Matthew 45 Holmes
Wm 47 Wright Floyd D 49’Ure Jas 49A*Aylott Henry 31 ’Waddell
James 53’Welch Hugh W East Side Continued 55 Welch Dorothy Mr*
57*5IacDonald Iris J 59’iloses Hammond £ 61’Jacobs Arthur A
63*Ross Alex Banks Clarence 65 Packer Richard D Munich Fredk 67
Packer Marla Mrs Quesnelle Estelle 69 Fensom Jas H 71* Walton
Samuel T Caruso Jas 73 Reading Geo 75*Veitch Mark 77 Hadley
Danl D 79’iSteW'art John Sl’Jones Ben Waugh Elizth Mrs 83
Chapman Arthur E 85 Hollamiby Heury GUlles Donald 89 Hutcheson
Garage A Tire Co 91 1 Rorabeck Roy 2 Christo Phillip WEST SIDE . 8
Frankel Bros yard 10’Motton Ada F H2-il4 Beavls Bros Ltd roofers
18*Blewitt Harry 20*Anderson Wm 22 Hurley Edith Mrs 24*Balfour
Catherine Mrs 26 (Rowatt Chas R 28*Hairrls Winnlfred 30 Clark Wm
32 lovely Clayton Oronk Ronald 34*Lancaster Fredk SS’Ertailbecom
Wm R 4iO*Warren Noirman Warren John F Warrein Jolin F haulage
42 Beal Earl T 44 Pacey Wm 46’FitzsimmoDS Norman W 48 Brown
John 50’Love John M 52*Klintworth Rlchd J jr 54*M-offatt Wm J
56’Klintworth Richard J 58-60 Orulse Roofing Oi warehouse Game
Leonard G 66’Hutcheson Orman C 68*GoodfeUow Blanche
70*Maddick Ralph S 72 Mehew Wm Connelly John 74 Crawford
Douglas Couture Geo 78 iStraohan Douglas 80’Parm Jas H
84*Williamson Robt Victoria Foundation Garment Co 86 Smyth e
Chas 88’Phllllps Annie Mrs 90*SeJlck Wm 92 DeFoe ‘Clayton
+LEYT0N AV (Scarboro) 13 North from CNR tracks, first west of
Patterson av. EAST SIDE . 3*Wlh It field Fredk H (Sherman
Katherine Mrs 5’Davldson Thos 0 Coventry commences 27 'Oanasco
Products Ltd steel fabricators 33 Falcon Equipment <5o Ltd agrlc
implements 35*Martin Edmund F 0 Danforth av crosses 0 Denton av
crosses 89’Oyderman Edgar J 9 7 ’Hendry Robt 9(9*Greig Gordon iB
Vacant (3) lilll’MacRae David D 11 7’Kcates Nellie Mrs 119*Jones
Anthony E 'Corrlck Fredk 125*Humphreys Alfred 0 Noganosb rd
commences 1'27’Roaob Fred 1,29’Blce Reginald 135*BT00ks Wm R 1
37*‘Glllespte Maynard 141*Neediham Alfred 145*McDermott Andrew
0 Ardell av commences 147 Harding John K 149*Tatley Raymond
151’Colbourne Augustus 15'3*Stevenson Joseph G Eccles Ronald 0
Prairie dr crosses 165 — 169*Hanson Albert 175’Wretham Edwd J
WEST SIDE . 2’Burley Wm J 4*Glauser Edwd 8*Th(russell Arthur N
14’Llttlejobn Harry 16’Garwood Arthur A ■292— The star (*)
appearing after street number indicates house owned by occupant.
 TYPEWRITER, PENCIL and DUPLICATING CARBON PAPERS
- REGISTER ROLLS and RIBBONS The Sign of Quality Canada
Carbon & Ribbon Company Limited 15 BREADALBANi STREET
RANDOLPH 8951 LIN LINNSMORE West Side Continued
l'8*St>radh'an Jas M 20* White Margt 22‘ppankland Horace pntr &
decorator 26*Hodgson Erneot 28‘Smlth Martha Mr* 30‘Le Marquand
John 3 2 ‘Taylor Geo F Pentland Howard 34*Cubbon Thos 36‘McVey
Wm 38 ‘Hartley Sydney 40*Lewthwalte Joseph 42 Mills Scaffold &
Concrete Specialities Limited 4 Danforth ar cross®* 4€*D'aln>es
Arthur L 48‘OoladlpIetro Salvatore 50‘Brown Vincent A 52‘Stewairt
Frank N 4 Denton ar cross** 84‘0’Neill Hoy H 86*Flemlng James 90
Mann Edwd D 94 Vacant 96‘Pennock Norman 98 Johnson Wm
100‘Elboirn Albert 102 IUinskorth & Grelg contractors (bldg)
Illingworth Harry 108‘Pammenter Leslie 110‘Klowak Peter A 4
Newport ar ends 114‘Judges Jack R oil burner service llS^iKa'rper
Etametrson R 1&2 Owen Wm C 128*Manohester Harold 130‘Bubair
Herbt Neat-End Cigarette Mia leer 132*Grelg Barclay C 134‘BellInger
Edwd 13G*Alllston Leslie 138‘Gerrard Edwd 140‘Palnter George A
148‘Perkins Robt oil burner service 130* Price Alfred 1152‘Brookes
Prank, pntr A dee Brookes Prank S }r plasterer UB'Eyes Robt
158»Duncan Gordon L 160*Duiggan Arthur Duggan Julian A carp 4
'Prairie dr crosses 168*Okey Roy J 170‘Munro Howard E
172*Aylsworth Ralph M 1'7'6‘Garvtals Evangelist 178‘Klng Vernon H
184 ‘Dawson Edward Arnott Geo LIBERTY 3 West from 17 Hanna av.
to Dufferln, Wards 5 and 8. NORTH SIDE . . ♦ Atlantic ar crosses 4
Jefferson sr crosses ♦ Fraser sr crosses 4 Mows! ar crosses SO'JTH
SIDE . ♦ Atlantic ar crosses 4 Jefferson ay crosses ♦ Pardee ar
commence* 4 Fraser ar crosses ♦ Mowat ar crosses LIBERTY EAST 3
(Private) West from Strachan av to CPR right of way, first south of
King west NORTH SIDE . - _ 123 Canada Packers Public Cold Storage
wtrihse 130 BASEMENT Vacant FIRST FLOOR— Smith Norman A Co
storage SECOND FLOOR— Insulation Fabrication Ltd warehouse
THIRD FLOOR— Morris Burlap Mfg Co bags & burlap STREET
CONTINUED 132 Dept of Defence Production i 140 Chemicals Ltd
McArthur Chemicals Co Ltd SOUTH SIDE . 131 Ballard’s Dr (Ont)
Animal Foods Ltd General Rendering Ltd animal foods
LIGHTBOURNE AV 4 North from Geary av to Davenport rd, first west
of Dufferln, Ward 6. EAST SIDE . 25 Baker Carpet Cleaning Co 4
Brandon av crosses 29 Teaman’s Grocery 31‘Swatherldge Victor
33*Fabris Leo 35*Borgogelll Louis 37*Yeaman Wm J 39‘Bennle
James 61 Bova Alfred 4 Chan u as av crosses 89 Beradlnl Thomas
Beradlni Haulage 91‘Candldo John 93*Bostrotn Neelow
95‘Bragagnolo Auguste 97‘Clccone Nick 4 Beaver av crosses 103
Beaver Bread Co Ltd 109‘Clurlulnl Peter 111‘Aleiander Enrico
113‘Donofrlo Joa Termlnesl John 115‘Page Gabriel 117*Canglottl
Guerrlno WEST SIDE . 2-8 Sunshine Uniform Supply Ltd
30‘Cordoviado Riooardo 32‘Furlong Michael J 34 Mussin Jos
36‘Donofrlo Augustus 38‘iShurin Mlk* ♦ Brandon av crosses 40
Clarldge R Earl 42 Taylor John 41 RIker Bertrand 46 Kennedy Fred S
52 Patterson Fred •Kerr Eric J '54 ‘Carter John 5'6‘BeHomo Louis
5S*Battlston Paaquale 64‘Frost Louis barber 68‘Cortl Anthony ♦
Chandos av crosses 70 Liberty Omametnal Iron Works ♦ Beaver av
crosses LILLIAN 12 North from 126 Soudan av to Eglinton av e.
Third cast of Yonge, Ward 9. EAST SIDE . 11 ‘MacDougall Ellmore
'5‘Gould Harriett F Mra Martin Eunice Mrs 17‘Munro Frank W 21
‘Thomson John M 25‘Moriey Thos A Thomas Nerval 29*Larkman
Rlchd 33 Davidson James S 37‘Maloney Wm B 43*Day Wm
47*Dambroglo Olando 51‘Malchewskl Mlchl 53 House Donald S
55‘Larsen Lawrence 61‘Tasson Dominic 63 Gulry David C 65 Murray
Donald 69‘Oakes Wm E 73‘Lafete Fredk C 77‘Pryor Robt 7’9‘Martln
Henry E SI McConnell John T 83‘Watson Frank 85 ‘And arson Wm R
87‘McCleery Robt MclNelll Arnold WEST SIDE . 16‘Oooper Laughlln R
Wright Eric J 18*Whlte John A 22*WUson John 28‘Weldon Andrew
Weldon Russell 32‘Wllson David 34*Harland Margt Mrs 36‘Sturgess
Wm 40 Thomas Cb&a 48 Arnos R J & son cartage •Amos Robert E
52 ‘Wright John B 54‘Grimes Ernest C 58‘Nell Hugh F 60*Cralg Robt
C S4‘Henshall Arthur J Atkinson Percy F 68‘Taylor Vera •Taylor Lottie
70‘Holllneworth Wm 74 McOardle Alex 78‘DavIe* John 80‘Russell
Thos 84‘Barne* Edwd •RILLINGTON AV (Birch Cliff) 13 North from
Pine Grove av to Aylesworth av, second east of Blrchmount rd. EAST
SIDE . 11 ‘Essex Florence Mir* 15*Orummey Enoch 17‘Cann Harold
19 Vacant 31 ‘Edmunds Gordon W 35‘McGarragle Cornelius
37‘Ltndsay David A 41‘Rairratt Stanley A 43‘Vldler Jesse 45‘Sykes
David 47‘Klng Percy 4 Hlghvlew ar crosses 67 ‘Brown Ellzth Mrs
Deacon Alfred 69 ‘Warner Arthur E 81 ‘Lyon Ohas L 83 Gates Edwin
87 ‘Crooks Harry 8 9 ‘Cole Edwd 91 — 97*Trumble Clayton 167
‘Peterson Ernest Hayward Wm 1®3 ‘Patterson Margt Mrs ll!l*Archer
Wm H 1,13‘Flsher Lillian 115‘Coates Jas 117 Edwards Charles
119‘SOraddock Lloyd 121‘Rlchardson Thos 123‘Seaa- Wm D WEST
SIDE . 14‘Avis Norman 18‘Taylor Geo B 22 ‘Prior Jiames H 28‘Barron
Bert A 3'2‘Bilor Clarence 38‘Harrlson Ernest G 42*Rank Walker H
44‘Spence Rex E 48 ‘Jones Sami 4 Hlghvlew av crosses 78‘Jakab
Anna 80*Megson Julia Mrs S8*Walder Christine Mlrs 92‘Denington
Ernest 96‘MacBride Stanley 100‘Raman Arthur A 102‘Stone Donald H
166 ‘Crane Ban-land LIMA PL 2 East from 167 Parliament Ward 2.
NORTH SIDE . 6 Miller Albt G 8 Pridmore Fred SOUTH SIDE . . . 5
Horton Aubrey LINCOLN AV 9 West from Gllmour av to Beresford av.
first south of Annette, Ward 7. NORTH SIDE . 2‘Llss Philip U 4*Migus
Wm 6‘Sawyer Harvey J 8‘Watson Ohas H 10‘Whlte Anna Wilton
Roger 12‘Oonnacher Albert T 14*Malns 'Duncan 16‘Proctor Hugh C
18‘Hlgham Henry C 20‘Wllliams Reginald M 22‘Humphreys Wm E
24‘Davidson Amy Mrs 26‘Plttls David A 28*Condle Chas B
30‘Illlngworth Skene Arnold Lome 32*Joyce Maxwell L 34 ‘Forsyth
Andrew B 36 Acher Mary Mrs MacArthur Hugh Peck Anthony
38‘Kirasnodubsky Albert Irwin Hamilton 4#»Colley Thos E
42‘Weymark Bertha Mrs 44*Tobln Jas C Andrews Eugene 46 Berry
Donald 48‘Powell Herbert 4 Runnymede rd crosses 72‘Daries Perbi
74 McCullough Wm Goddard Kenneth C 76‘Danlels Ethel Mrs Browne
John 78*GalbraItb Margaret 80‘West John T 82‘Barratt A Eustace
84‘Chalmers Nathaniel 36‘Hamllton John P 90‘Fayter Geo A
92‘Provan Robt 94 Moore Harold Rosamond Perclval SOUTH SIDE .
9*Taylor Eric E H 11‘Crocker Horace A 15*Sherlff Bonamy
117‘McGuinn John V 21*Morgan Gertrude Mrs 23‘Cahoon Harold
27‘Rachar Percy W Bigwood S J 29 ‘Jean Laura Mrs Malcolm Wm
33‘Shetlln Winifred Mrs Sheflin Eugene 35*Malcolm Jane •iMialcolm
Mary € Malcolm Areihd 39‘Pinkerton Ruby War'd Gladys 41*WaShuck
Mlchl E 45‘H111 Wm H 47‘Coutts Edith C 51*Hull Wm J 53 ‘Chess
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