Atomic structure
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Synopsis for worksheet - 11
Pauli’s exclusion principle The similar subshell represented for
different shells is differentiated by
No two electrons in the same atom can
writing the principal quantum
have the same values for all the four
number before the respective
quantum numbers.
subshell.
At the most, the two electrons in a given For example 3s, 3p, 3d are subshells
orbital can have same values of n, l and of 3rd orbit.
m.
In the second notation, each orbital
Electrons in the same orbital differ in of the subshell is represented by a
their spin quantum number and they box and the electron is represented
spin in opposite directions. An orbital
by an arrow a positive spin or an
cannot accommodate more than two
electrons.
arrow a negative spin.
Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity
The advantage of second notation
Pairing of electrons in an orbital starts over the first is that it represents all
only after all the orbitals of a subshell the four quantum numbers.
are half filled or singly filled. The electrons in the completely filled
Orbitals having the same values for n shells are known as core electrons
and l are called degenerate orbitals. and the electrons that are added to
the electronic shell with the highest
Unpaired electrons have parallel spin. principal quantum number are called
Half filled and completely filled valence electrons. For example, the
degenerate orbitals give greater stability electrons in Ne are the core electrons
to atoms. and the electrons from Na to Ar are
the valence electrons.
Electronic configuration of atoms
A new pattern is followed beginning
The systematic distribution of electrons with scandium (Sc). The 3d orbital,
into orbitals of an atom is called its being lower in energy than the 4p
electronic configuration. orbital, is filled first.
The electronic configuration of different Chromium and copper have five and
atoms can be represented in two ways. ten electrons in 3d orbitals rather
(i) sa pb dc ...... notation than four and nine as their position
(ii) Orbital diagram would have indicated with two-
electrons in the 4s orbital. The
s p
reason is that fully filled orbitals and
d
half-filled orbitals have extra stability
In the first notation, the subshell is (that is, lower energy). Thus p3, p6,
represented by the respective letter d5, d10 ,f7, etc. configurations, which
symbol and the number of electrons are either half-filled or fully filled,
present in the subshell is depicted, as are more stable.
the superscript, like a, b, c, ... etc.
1 ...Creating Global Leaders
Atomic structure
With the saturation of the 3d orbitals, Stability of atoms:
the filling of the 4p orbital starts at
gallium (Ga) and is complete at Chromium with 3d 5 4s 1 configuration
krypton (Kr). In the next eighteen has 6 unpaired electrons with parallel
elements from rubidium (Rb) to xenon spins. Total number of sets of pairs of
(Xe), the pattern of filling the 5s, 4d parallel spins is 15(6C2).
and 5p orbitals are similar to that of In 3d4 4s2 configuration 5 electrons are
4s, 3d and 4p orbitals. present with parallel spin total number
In 6s orbital, cesium (Cs) and the of sets of pairs with parallel spins are
barium (Ba), this orbital contains one 10 (5C2).
and two electrons, respectively. In the configuration 3d 5 4s 1 , the
Then from lanthanum (La) to mercury lowering energy is 15K while it is 10K
(Hg), the filling up of electrons takes in the configuration 3d4 4s2. Thus, Cr
place in 4f and 5d orbitals. with 3d5 4s1 is more stable than Cr with
After this, filling of 6p, then 7s and 3d4 4s2.
finally 5f and 6d orbitals takes place. Electronic configuration of copper atom
Moiler’s diagram helps us to is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1 but not is
remember easily, the order of filling 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d9 4s2.
of electrons.
WORKSHEET - 11
1. In which of the following electron distribution in ground state, only Hund’s rule is
violated? (L - I) [ ]
2s 2p 2s 2p
(a) (b)
2s 2p 2s 2p
(c) (d)
2. Hund’s rule deals with the distribution of electrons in (L - I) [ ]
(a) a principal shell (b) different subshells
(c) orbitals with sightly different energies (d) degenerate orbitals.
2 ...Creating Global Leaders
Atomic structure
3. Which of the following is true for the electronic configuration 1s 2 2s 2 2p2x ? (L - I)
[ ]
(a) It violates Aufbau principle. (b) It violates Hund’s rule.
(c) It violates Pauli’s exclusion principle. (d) No violation at all.
*4. Kr has the electronic configuration as [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p6. The next 37th electron
36
will go into the subshell (L - II) [ ]
(a) 4d (b) 4f (c) 5s (d) 6s
5. The ground state electronic configuration for chromium atom (Z=24) is (L - I)[ ]
(a) [Ar] 3d5 4s1 (b) [Ar] 3d4 4s2 (c) [Ar] 3d6 (d) [Ar] 4s1 4p5
6. The outer shell electronic configuration of palladium (Z = 46) is (L - I) [ ]
(a) 5s2 4d8 (b) 5s2 4d9 (c) 5s0 4d10 (d) 5s2 4d6 4d2
7. Which of the following configurations is incorrect? (L - I) [ ]
(a) 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 2x 2 p 2y 2 p 0z (b) 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 1x 2 p 1y
(c) 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 1x 2 p 1y 2 p z1 (d) 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 3 s 2 3 p 6 3 d 5 4 s 1
8. The correct electronic configuration of nitrogen is (L - I) [ ]
(a) 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p x2 2 p 1y 2 p z0 (b) 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p x1 2 p 1y 2 p z1
2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 1
(c) 1 s 2 s 2 p x 2 p y 2 p z (d) 1 s 2 s 2 p x 2 p y 2 p z
*9. The electronic configuration of Fe3+ ion is (L - II) [ ]
(a) [Ar] 3d6 (b) [Ar] 3d5 (c) [Ar] 3d4 (d) [Ar] 3d6 4s2
*10. The electronic configuration of a dipositive ion, M2+ is 2, 8, 14 and its mass number
is 56. The number of neutrons present is (L - II) [ ]
(a) 32 (b) 42 (c) 30 (d) 34
*11. The number of unpaired electrons in chromium (Z = 24) is (L - II) [ ]
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 6 (d) 5
+
12. The number of unpaired electrons in Cu (Z = 29) is (L - II) [ ]
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 0 (d) 3
13. The dipositive metal ion has the outermost configuration: 3d10 4s0. The name of
the element is (L - II) [ ]
(a) Copper (b) Silver (c) Nickel (d) Zinc
14. A neutral atom of an element has 2K, 8L, 11M and 2N electrons. The total number
of s-electrons in the atom is (L - II) [ ]
(a) 8 (b) 2 (c) 16 (d) 11
*15. Which of the following species is diamagnetic? (L - II) [ ]
(a) Ti2+ (Z = 22) (b) Zn2+ (Z = 30) (c) Ni2+ (Z = 28) (d) Cr3+ (Z = 24)
16. The number of electrons having m = –1, in phosphorus atom is (L - II) [ ]
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 9
3 ...Creating Global Leaders
Atomic structure
17. The ion/molecule that is isoelectronic with CO is (L - I) [ ]
(a) CN– (b) O 22 (c) N 2 (d) O2
*18. The first element in which pairing of p-orbitals starts is ________. (L - II) [ ]
(a) Carbon (b) Nitrogen (c) Oxygen (d) Fluorine
19. Identify the element whose tri-positively ion has the electronic configuration
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d3 (L - II) [ ]
(a) Scandium (b) Chromium (c) Iron (d) Titanium
20. Identify the first element in which pairing of the d-orbitals start. (L - II) [ ]
(a) Scandium (b) Vanadium (c) Iron (d) Copper
*21. The electronic configuration of ‘P’ in H3PO4 is (L - II) [ ]
(a) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3 (b) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
(c) 1s2 2s2 2p6 (d) 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1
22. The number of d-electrons in Fe+2 (Z = 26) is not equal to that of the number of
(L - II) [ ]
(a) p-electrons in Ne (atomic number = 10) (b) s-electrons in Mg (atomic number =12)
(c) d-electrons in Fe (atomic number = 26) (d) p-electrons in Cl (atomi number = 17)
23. Consider the electronic configuration for neutral atom. (L - I) [ ]
2 2 6 1 2 2 6 1
(i) 1s 2s 2p 3s (ii) 1s 2s 2p 4s
Which of the following statement is/are not true?
(a) Energy is required to change (i) to (ii).
(b) (i) represents a sodium atom.
(c) (i) & (ii) represent different elements.
(d) More energy is required to remove an electron from (ii) from (i).
24. Assertion(A): The electronic configuration of nitrogen atom is represented by
2 2 3 2 2 3
1s 2s 2p 1s 2s 2p
as : and not as
Reason(R): The electronic configuration of the ground state of an atom is the
one which has the greatest multiplicity. (L - I) [ ]
(a) Both Assertion and reason are correct and reason is the correct explanation of
assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are correct and reason is not the correct explanation of
assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct, Reason is incorrect.
(d) Assertion is incorrect, Reason is correct.
4 ...Creating Global Leaders
Atomic structure
25. Assertion(A): Electronic configuration of Cr+3 (containing 21 electrons) is same as
that of Sc (Z = 21) i.e., iso-electronic species have same electronic
configuration. (L - I)
Reason(R): Orbitals are filled in the order of increasing energy and also this
filling follows Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule. [ ]
(a) Both Assertion and reason are correct and reason is the correct explanation of
assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are correct and reason is not the correct explanation of
assertion.
(c) Assertion is correct, Reason is incorrect.
(d) Assertion is incorrect, Reason is correct.
5 ...Creating Global Leaders
