◦ Behavioral Contracts: Develop a written agreement with the child
outlining screen time limits, acceptable content, consequences for
violations, and rewards for adherence.
◦ Positive Reinforcement: Reward adherence to screen time limits
and engagement in alternative activities with praise, privileges, or
small tangible rewards.
◦ Skill-Building: Focus on teaching essential life skills that screens
may have displaced, such as social interaction, emotional
regulation, problem-solving, and time management.
• Digital Literacy Education: Equip children with the knowledge and skills
to navigate the digital world safely and responsibly. This includes
understanding online privacy, identifying misinformation, recognizing
cyberbullying, and being aware of the psychological design of apps and
games intended to maximize engagement.
• Addressing Underlying Issues: Problematic screen use can sometimes
be a symptom of underlying emotional or psychological issues, such as
anxiety, depression, or learning difficulties. If these issues are
suspected, seeking professional help from a pediatrician, psychologist,
or therapist is crucial.
• Professional Help: For severe cases of problematic screen use or
addiction-like behaviors, professional intervention is recommended.
Therapies such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) or family therapy
can be highly effective in addressing the underlying causes and
developing healthier coping mechanisms.
Implementing these recommendations requires patience, consistency, and a
collaborative approach. By setting clear boundaries, prioritizing quality
content, encouraging diverse activities, and addressing problematic use
proactively, parents, educators, and healthcare professionals can guide
children toward a balanced and healthy relationship with technology.
CONCLUSION: SYNTHESIS OF FINDINGS AND
FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS
This review has explored the multifaceted symptoms associated with
excessive screen time in children, spanning physiological, cognitive, socio-
emotional, and behavioral domains. Key physiological symptoms include
ocular health concerns like digital eye strain and myopia progression, sleep
disturbances stemming from circadian rhythm disruption, and metabolic
health risks linked to sedentary behavior. Cognitively, excessive screen time is
associated with attention deficits, impaired executive functions, and academic