1. Which of the following is the primary purpose of nursing theory?

a) To provide a scientific explanation of human behavior

b) To guide nursing practice, education, and research
c) To replace clinical practice
d) To reduce healthcare costs
2. Who is considered the founder of nursing theory?
a) Florence Nightingale
b) Virginia Henderson
c) Hildegard Peplau
d) Dorothea Orem
3. The concept of "person" in nursing theory refers to:
a) The nurse providing care
b) The individual receiving care
c) The environment in which care takes place
d) The family of the patient
4. According to Dorothy Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory, nursing is required
when:
a) A person cannot maintain their self-care needs independently
b) A person requires surgery
c) The environment is unhealthy
d) The nurse needs to teach patients self-care

5. Which nursing theory emphasizes the interpersonal relationship between the

nurse and patient?
a) Watson’s Theory of Human Caring
b) Peplau’s Interpersonal Theory
c) Roy’s Adaptation Model
d) Henderson’s Need Theory
6. The Roy Adaptation Model focuses on:
a) The interaction between the individual and their environment
b) The role of the nurse in disease prevention
c) Helping patients to maintain homeostasis through adaptation
d) Providing spiritual care
7. Which nursing theorist proposed the Conceptual Model of Nursing?
a) Florence Nightingale
b) Virginia Henderson
c) Jean Watson
d) Imogene King
8. Which nursing theory highlights the importance of human caring in nursing
practice?
a) Orem’s Self-Care Theory
b) Watson’s Theory of Human Caring
c) Levine’s Conservation Model
d) King’s Theory of Goal Attainment
9. The "Health as Expanding Consciousness" theory was developed by:
a) Martha Rogers
b) Jean Watson
c) Margaret Newman
d) Betty Neuman
10. The Neuman Systems Model focuses primarily on:
a) The prevention of disease
b) The body’s physiological responses
c) The nurse-patient relationship
d) The interaction of patient stressors and their coping mechanisms

11. What is a key characteristic of a nursing theory?

a) It is always focused on the biological aspects of care
b) It provides a framework for understanding and guiding practice
c) It is unrelated to nursing practice
d) It is only concerned with patient outcomes

12. Which of the following is an assumption of nursing theories?

a) Nursing practice should be based on theoretical knowledge
b) Nursing theories are irrelevant to practice
c) Nurses need only clinical knowledge, not theoretical understanding
d) Nursing theories are only applicable in academic settings

13. A key assumption in the Environmental Theory of Florence Nightingale is

that:
a) The nurse must control the environment for the patient's healing
b) The patient's family is the main factor in recovery
c) Nursing is purely about technical care
d) Nurses should not focus on patient surroundings
14. The purpose of nursing research is to:
a) Validate the nursing profession’s existence
b) Develop new nursing theories
c) Apply existing nursing theories in practice
d) Provide evidence-based solutions to nursing practice issues
15. Who introduced the Conceptual Model of Nursing as a system of interacting
components?
a) Virginia Henderson
b) Imogene King
c) Dorothea Orem
d) Betty Neuman
16. The "Need Theory" by Virginia Henderson is primarily concerned with:
a) The mental and emotional health of the patient
b) Helping patients achieve optimal health through self-care
c) Assisting patients in meeting 14 basic human needs
d) The spiritual development of the nurse
17. Nursing theory provides a foundation for:
a) Developing standard nursing procedures
b) Practicing non-evidence-based care
c) The administrative aspects of healthcare
d) Nurse-patient interaction and professional development

18. In nursing theory, the term "environment" refers to:

a) The physical surroundings of a patient
b) The nurse’s knowledge and skills
c) The healthcare system structure
d) All factors that influence the well-being of the patient

19. According to the Adaptation Model by Sister Callista Roy, health is:
a) A state of optimal physical function
b) The ability to adapt to the changing environment
c) The absence of illness
d) A state of mental well-being

20. The purpose of the Conceptual Model of Nursing by Imogene King is to:
a) Address the relationship between nurses and other healthcare professionals
b) Focus on the interaction of nurse, patient, and healthcare environment
c) Simplify the administration of healthcare
d) Eliminate the need for patient education

Theory Development in Nursing

21. The primary goal of theory development in nursing is to:
a) Improve the educational experience for nurses
b) Provide a structured framework for clinical practice and research
c) Identify weaknesses in healthcare systems
d) Promote the autonomy of nurses

22. Nursing theory is important because it helps:

a) Establish a universal method for medication administration
b) Organize and improve the quality of patient care
c) Guide nurses to use technology more effectively
d) Focus on patient outcomes only
23. Which of the following best describes the relationship between nursing theory
and nursing practice?
a) Nursing theory is theoretical and does not impact practice
b) Nursing theory provides a foundation for making clinical decisions and guiding
practice
c) Nursing theory is irrelevant to patient care
d) Nursing practice is dependent solely on clinical skills and knowledge, not
theory

24. In nursing theory development, the use of empirical evidence is important

for:
a) Developing abstract concepts that have no clinical value
b) Ensuring the theory is based on actual nursing experiences and outcomes
c) Keeping nursing practice independent from science
d) Reducing the need for clinical judgment in nursing
25. Theories that focus on explaining the physiological aspects of care are
referred to as:
a) Psychological theories
b) Humanistic theories
c) Medical models
d) Grand theories
26. The development of nursing theory is essential for:
a) Structuring standardized procedures for nurses
b) Demonstrating the uniqueness of nursing as a discipline
c) Reducing the need for research in nursing
d) Limiting the role of nurses to basic care

27. The first step in the theory development process is typically:

a) Testing the theory in clinical practice
b) Reviewing relevant literature
c) Identifying nursing problems to address
d) Conducting a large-scale study
28. Which of the following is a key aspect of the philosophical base for nursing
theory development?
a) Focusing on specific interventions for each patient
b) Understanding the nursing profession as a science and an art
c) Ignoring cultural differences in patient care
d) Focusing only on medical diagnoses
29. Which of the following describes a "grand theory" in nursing?
a) A theory developed to address a specific problem in nursing practice
b) A broad, abstract framework that guides nursing practice and research
c) A theory focusing on individual patient care plans
d) A theory based on the evaluation of nursing outcomes
30. Which theorist is known for developing the Self-Care Deficit Theory?
a) Florence Nightingale
b) Dorothy Orem
c) Jean Watson
d) Callista Roy

Relationship between Theory and Science

31. The relationship between nursing theory and science is best described as:
a) Nursing theory is disconnected from scientific research
b) Nursing theory and science work independently of each other
c) Nursing theory guides scientific inquiry, and scientific research helps validate
nursing theory
d) Nursing science only focuses on theoretical concepts without practical
application
32. Science in nursing is essential because it:
a) Limits the role of nurses in clinical practice
b) Provides evidence-based data that supports nursing theory and practice
c) Focuses only on laboratory-based experiments
d) Excludes qualitative research in favor of quantitative data
33. Which of the following best describes the role of scientific inquiry in the
Development of nursing theory?
a) It serves as the foundation for developing, testing, and refining nursing theories
b) It is unrelated to nursing theory and focuses only on the medical aspects of care
c) It focuses exclusively on the biological aspects of healthcare
d) It only applies to advanced clinical practice, not theory development

34. Nursing theories are essential in applying scientific principles because they:

a) Guide nurses to make evidence-based decisions

b) Are irrelevant to scientific research
c) Focus only on the care of patients with chronic conditions
d) Promote the use of intuition over evidence-based practices
35. Which statement reflects the relationship between nursing science and nursing
practice?

a) Nursing science has no direct influence on daily nursing practice

b) Nursing science offers tools to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of
nursing practice
c) Nursing science focuses only on theoretical knowledge, not patient care
d) Nursing practice is unrelated to scientific advancements

36. In the context of nursing, science is typically seen as:

a) A series of abstract theories with no practical application
b) A body of knowledge that helps explain and solve patient care problems
c) Limited to technological advancements
d) Focused exclusively on the study of illness and disease

37. The primary method by which nursing science and nursing theory are
validated is:
a) Research and empirical testing
b) Theoretical discussions without testing
c) Intuition and clinical experience
d) Routine administrative reviews
38. Which of the following best describes the relationship between theory and
research in nursing?
a) Research validates and refines existing nursing theories
b) Nursing research is independent of theoretical frameworks
c) Research and theory development are not relevant to nursing practice
d) Nursing theory and research are only relevant for academic settings

39. In nursing, the integration of theory with scientific knowledge leads to:
a) The development of specific interventions for individual diseases
b) A deeper understanding of the nursing process and its application to patient
care
c) A focus on administrative tasks rather than patient care
d) The elimination of the need for ongoing clinical practice
40. A well-developed nursing theory provides:
a) A framework for understanding and guiding nursing interventions
b) Only abstract concepts without real-world application
c) A standardized approach to all patient conditions
d) A focus on individual diseases rather than the whole person

Practice of Nursing and Theory

41. The use of nursing theory in practice helps nurses:
a) Follow a strict set of procedures regardless of patient needs
b) Understand and manage patient care based on individual needs and
circumstances
c) Focus solely on medical interventions
d) Ignore cultural and environmental factors in patient care
 42. Which of the following is an example of how nursing theory influences
clinical practice?
a) Nurses choosing interventions based solely on personal judgment
b) Nurses providing care according to evidence-based guidelines derived from
theory
c) Nurses ignoring patient preferences in favor of standardized procedures
d) Nurses focusing only on patient medical conditions

43. The integration of nursing theory and practice supports:

a) A one-size-fits-all approach to patient care
b) A holistic and individualized approach to patient care
c) Ignoring patient emotions in favor of physical health
d) A focus on administrative rather than clinical roles

44. One of the challenges of implementing nursing theory in practice is:

a) The complexity and abstract nature of some nursing theories
b) The ease of integrating theory with practice
c) The lack of a need for research in nursing practice
d) The reduction in the need for patient-centered care

45. The goal of applying nursing theory in practice is to:

a) Standardize nursing care to reduce patient outcomes
b) Improve patient care through systematic approaches and evidence-based
practice
c) Ensure all nurses follow the same methods without adaptation
d) Focus on administrative tasks rather than patient care

1. According to Nightingale's Environmental Theory, which of the following is

NOT considered an aspect of the environment?
o A) Ventilation
o B) Nutrition
o C) Education level
o D) Light
2. Nightingale believed that the role of the nurse is to:
o A) Diagnose diseases
o B) Improve the patient's environment
o C) Administer medications
o D) Perform surgery
3. Which of the following is a primary focus of Nightingale's Environmental
Theory?
o A) Spiritual well-being
o B) Environmental factors affecting health
o C) Advanced clinical skills
o D) Psychological counseling
4. According to Nightingale, the most important factor in patient care is:
o A) The medication prescribed
o B) The atÝtude of the healthcare provider
o C) The environment in which the patient resides
o D) The patient's personal beliefs
5. Which of the following elements is included in the environmental factors
outlined by
Nightingale?
o A) Warmth
o B) Noise
o C) Cleanliness
o D) All of the above
6. Nightingale’s Environmental Theory is considered one of the first nursing
theories
that focused on:
o A) Patient education
o B) Evidence-based practice
o C) Environmental influences on health
o D) Psychosocial care
7. What was one of the key recommendations made by Nightingale regarding
ventilation?
o A) It should be artificial and controlled
o B) It should be free of smells and pollutants
o C) It should be minimal to avoid drafts
o D) It should be done only at night
8. In Nightingale's theory, which of the following is considered a clean
environment
essential for health?
o A) Good sanitation
o B) High humidity
o C) Loud noises
o D) Dark rooms
9. According to Nightingale, which of the following has the most direct effect on
the recovery of patients?
o A) Medical treatment
o B) Food
o C) Clean air
o D) Rest and sleep
10. Which environmental factor did Nightingale highlight as important for patient
recovery, especially in hospitals?
o A) Family support
o B) Fresh air and sunlight
o C) Medical technology
o D) Diet preferences
11. Nightingale stressed the importance of what aspect of patient care to promote
healing and health?
o A) Regular exercise
o B) A quiet and peaceful environment
o C) Psychological support
o D) Social interactions
12. What is the primary purpose of improving the environment in Nightingale’s
theory?
o A) To increase hospital efÏciency
o B) To promote recovery and prevent disease
o C) To reduce healthcare costs
o D) To improve patient knowledge about their condition
13. According to Nightingale, what role does cleanliness play in the patient’s
recovery?
o A) It is not important.
o B) It is essential for preventing infection.
o C) It is necessary for patient comfort only.
o D) It is important but secondary to medical treatment.
14. What environmental factor did Nightingale consider critical in preventing the
spread of disease?
o A) Proper drainage
o B) Soundproofing
o C) Artificial lighting
o D) Group activities

15. Nightingale's Environmental Theory emphasizes the need for nurses to:
o A) Diagnose patients accurately
o B) Control the environment to benefit patient health
o C) Provide psychological counseling
o D) Prescribe medications
16. Which of the following is a key feature of Nightingale's Environmental Theory
related to noise?
o A) Noise is beneficial for mental health.
o B) Excessive noise hinders patient healing.
o C) Noise has no impact on recovery.
o D) Nurses should control noise by using music therapy.
17. Nightingale viewed light as:
o A) A decorative element in the hospital
o B) Important for psychological well-being
o C) Unimportant for patient care
o D) Useful only for medical procedures
18. Which environmental factor did Nightingale view as essential for maintaining
personal hygiene?
o A) Proper lighting
o B) Clean water and adequate sanitation
o C) Fresh air
o D) Comforting surroundings
19. What type of nursing intervention does Nightingale's theory advocate for in a
hospital setting?
o A) Emotional counseling
o B) Medication management
o C) Manipulating the environment for healing
o D) Surgery
20. In Nightingale’s view, which of the following was considered a factor that
negatively
impacted the environment and health?
o A) Fresh air
o B) Overcrowding in hospitals
o C) Cleanliness
o D) Quiet surroundings
 21. According to Nightingale, what is the significance of ventilation in patient
care?
o A) It provides the necessary warmth for patients.
o B) It prevents the spread of airborne diseases.
o C) It promotes psychological well-being.
o D) It is not essential for recovery.
22. Which of the following best represents Nightingale's view on food and
nutrition?
o A) It is less important than cleanliness.
o B) It is essential for maintaining strength and healing.
o C) It should be given in small amounts only.
o D) It is primarily for comfort.

23. What role did Nightingale believe the nurse should play in the patient’s
environment?
o A) To serve as a companion and counselor
o B) To adjust environmental factors like light, temperature, and noise to enhance
recovery
o C) To focus mainly on medical treatments
o D) To monitor patient progress through assessments
24. What does Nightingale’s Environmental Theory emphasize for improving the
hospital environment?
o A) Administrative efÏciency
o B) Creating a healing environment that reduces stressors
o C) Increasing the number of patients seen daily
o D) Using modern medical technologies
25. According to Nightingale, what is the effect of fresh air on the health of
patients?
o A) It has no effect on health.
o B) It enhances oxygen levels, promotes recovery, and prevents infection.
o C) It causes discomfort and should be minimized.
o D) It is useful only for ventilation.
26. What did Nightingale believe about the use of light in healthcare
environments?
o A) Light should be used minimally.
o B) Light should be artificial at all times.
o C) Natural light should be maximized for health benefits.
o D) Light is irrelevant in patient care.
27. In Nightingale's view, a hospital's physical environment should be designed to:
o A) Ensure the comfort of hospital staff
o B) Provide a soothing and supportive atmosphere for patients
o C) Maximize the use of technology
o D) Minimize the need for nurses' interventions
28. Nightingale’s Environmental Theory was primarily influenced by her work
during
which of the following?
o A) The Crimean War
o B) The Spanish Flu outbreak
o C) The industrial revolution
o D) The American Civil War
29. Which of the following environmental factors is most directly related to
Nightingale's advocacy for better sanitation in hospitals?
o A) Proper lighting
o B) Temperature control
o C) Cleanliness and waste disposal
o D) Noise reduction
30. Nightingale’s work emphasized the importance of which factor in healing,
which has since become a cornerstone of modern healthcare?
o A) Medication
o B) The nurse-patient relationship
o C) Environmental control and hygiene
o D) Technology and medical equipment
Answer Key (for reference):
1. C
2. B
3. B
4. C
5. D
6. C
7. B
8. A
9. C
10. B
11. B
12. B
13. B
14. A
15. B
16. B
17. B
18. B
19. C
20. B
21. B
22. B
23. B
24. B
25. B
26. C
27. B
28. A
29. C
30. C

Environmental Theory of Nursing.

Additional 20 MCQs on Florence Nightingale’s Environmental Theory
31. In Nightingale's Environmental Theory, what is the nurse's role in the patient's
environment?
A) To provide emotional support only
B) To adjust the environment to meet the patient’s needs and promote recovery
C) To diagnose the patient's condition
D) To educate the patient about their illness
32. According to Nightingale, the primary goal of adjusting the environment is to:
A) Enhance the patient's comfort
B) Promote the body’s natural healing process
C) Provide mental stimulation
D) Minimize the use of medications
33. What did Nightingale believe was the relationship between light and health?
A) Light is necessary for growth but not for healing.
B) Exposure to natural light helps promote recovery and well-being.
C) Light has no impact on health.
D) Artificial light is more effective than natural light.
34. In Nightingale’s view, which of the following was considered an
environmental factor that could harm the patient’s recovery?
A) Fresh air
B) Stale or impure air
C) Clean water
D) Bright sunlight
35. According to Nightingale, which aspect of the hospital environment needed
immediate attention to reduce the risk of infection?
A) Soundproofing the rooms
B) Proper ventilation and sanitation
C) Providing social activities
D) Patient education
36. Nightingale's Environmental Theory suggests that noise:
A) Can aid in patient relaxation
B) Should be minimized as it can interfere with rest and healing
C) Has no impact on the patient’s condition
D) Can be used to stimulate the patient's mind
37. What did Nightingale suggest about the use of water in the hospital
environment?
A) It should be used sparingly.
B) It should be clean, fresh, and plentiful to ensure hygiene.
C) It should be used only for medical procedures.
D) Water is not essential for patient care.
38. Which of the following was an important aspect of the patient's physical
environment, according to Nightingale?
A) Privacy
B) Social interaction
C) Properly regulated temperature
D) Mental stimulation
39. In Nightingale's view, a well-maintained environment leads to:
A) A decrease in the number of staff required
B) A reduction in recovery time and prevention of further illness
C) Increased patient complaints
D) Increased administrative costs
40. Which of the following best exemplifies Nightingale’s idea of sanitation in the
hospital?
A) Regular cleaning of the hospital with disinfectants
B) Patients cleaning their own rooms
C) Using medication to prevent infection
D) Restricting visitors to reduce infection risk
41. Nightingale's theory emphasizes that healthcare providers should focus on the
environment
A) Improve the financial stability of the hospital
B) Provide patients with the most advanced medical treatments
C) Encourage a therapeutic environment that supports recovery
D) Train patients to take care of their surroundings
42. According to Nightingale, which environmental factor should be controlled to
reduce patient stress?
A) Ambient noise levels
B) Room colors and decorations
C) Family presence
D) Visitor hours
43. What aspect of the environment did Nightingale believe could reduce the
incidence of epidemics in hospitals?
A) Proper ventilation and cleanliness
B) Providing more food
C) Increasing hospital staff
D) Encouraging group activities
44. Nightingale believed that which of the following was an important nursing
responsibility regarding the environment?
A) Making the patient feel at home
B) Ensuring the patient's environment is free from unnecessary stimuli and
harmful elements
C) Educating patients about disease prevention
D) Offering medications and treatments

45. In Nightingale’s Environmental Theory, what is the significance of the

physical layout of a hospital?
A) It should be designed to maximize efÏciency, with no consideration for patient
comfort.
B) It should be spacious and well-ventilated, with separate areas for rest and
recovery.
C) It is not important as long as staff are available to care for patients.
D) It should focus on aesthetic design and decorations.

46. What does Nightingale suggest about the role of nurses in relation to the
patient’s diet?
A) Nurses should monitor and ensure proper nutrition to aid in recovery.
B) Nurses should not concern themselves with the patient's food.
C) Nurses should restrict the patient's diet to liquids only.
D) Nurses should only provide food when requested by the doctor.
47. Nightingale viewed which of the following as an environmental factor that can
affect a patient's mental health?
A) Uncomfortable temperatures
B) Excessive medical equipment
C) Interaction with other patients
D) None of the above

48. Which of the following did Nightingale suggest was crucial in ensuring a
healing environment?
A) Keeping the patient isolated
B) Controlling temperature, ventilation, and cleanliness
C) Maximizing the use of medical technology
D) Relying on psychological therapies alone
49. Nightingale’s concept of the ‘therapeutic environment’ focuses on:
A) Preventing disease through isolation
B) Creating a supportive atmosphere for healing by adjusting environmental
factors
C) Limiting interaction with the outside world
D) Using medications to control environmental stressors
50. Which of the following did Nightingale suggest as essential for the health of
patients, especially in the hospital environment?
A) Encouraging patients to sleep all day
B) Ensuring proper drainage and cleanliness
C) Reducing patient activity
D) Frequent patient visits by family members

1. What is the primary goal of Faye Glenn Abdellah’s 21 Nursing Problems

Theory?
a) To focus on the emotional needs of the nurse
b) To identify and address the physical and psychosocial problems of patients
c) To provide nursing care based on medical diagnoses
d) To prioritize hospital administration needs
2. Abdellah's theory is most closely associated with which nursing model?
a) Patient-centered care model
b) Needs theory
c) Interactionist model
d) Biomedical model

3. According to Abdellah, which of the following is NOT considered one of the 21

nursing problems?
a) Maintaining communication with family
b) Managing pain
c) Improving cultural competence
d) Promoting wellness and prevention

4. What is the primary concern of the nurse according to Abdellah's theory?

a) The nurse’s personal well-being
b) The physician’s orders
c) The patient’s problems and needs
d) The nursing staff’s morale

5. Which of the following best describes Abdellah’s approach to patient care?

a) Care should be provided based on a fixed diagnosis
b) Care should be holistic and focus on patient problems
c) Care should only focus on physiological aspects of care
d) Care should be based on individual medical protocols

6. According to Abdellah, how many nursing problems must be addressed to

deliver comprehensive care?
a) 15
b) 21
c) 10
d) 30
7. Which nursing problem from Abdellah’s list refers to the need for understanding
the purpose of the treatment?
a) Restoring a sense of dignity
b) Improving communication with the physician
c) Providing support for understanding the treatment
d) Managing nutritional intake

8. How does Abdellah suggest that nurses should address the patient’s need for
safety?
a) By administering medications
b) By providing emotional support
c) By ensuring a safe environment free from harm
d) By offering spiritual counseling
9. In Abdellah's theory, which of the following problems is related to self-esteem
and identity?
a) Understanding the medical diagnosis
b) Preventing complications
c) Promoting physical comfort
d) Maintaining personal hygiene and dignity
10. Which of the following nursing problems deals directly with the patient’s
emotional and psychological state?
a) Managing pain
b) Providing support for emotional and spiritual well-being
c) Improving nutritional intake
d) Preventing physical complications

11. Abdellah’s theory places a significant focus on the interaction between:

a) The physician and nurse
b) The patient and nurse
c) The nurse and medical equipment
d) The healthcare system and the public

12. What is the purpose of assessing the patient's environment according to

Abdellah?
a) To create a comfortable physical space for the nurse
b) To identify barriers to effective treatment and comfort
c) To monitor the effectiveness of treatments
d) To determine the hospital’s resources

13. Abdellah's model emphasizes the importance of which aspect of nursing care?
a) Diagnosing medical conditions
b) Providing holistic, patient-centered care
c) Following strict medical protocols
d) Preventing nurse burnout

14. Which of the following is a key aspect of Abdellah's theory in regard to

promoting wellness?
a) The patient must take an active role in decision-making
b) The nurse should ignore patient preferences
c) Wellness is only a concern after treatment has ended
d) Patients are expected to understand complex medical terminology

15. Which of the following is an example of addressing Abdellah's problem

related to "physical comfort"?
a) Helping patients with breathing exercises
b) Assisting patients in managing pain
c) Improving patients' spiritual well-being
d) Coordinating family visits

16. In Abdellah's theory, which factor is important in addressing the “knowledge

deficit” problem in patients?
a) Providing psychological support
b) Educating patients about their health and treatments
c) Managing medications
d) Offering social work services

17. Which of the following nursing actions aligns with Abdellah’s focus on "self-
care" for patients?
a) Changing the patient’s dressings without involving them
b) Encouraging patients to participate in their own care as much as possible
c) Discouraging patient autonomy in decision-making
d) Isolating patients to prevent infection
18. Abdellah’s theory suggests that nurses must develop which skill to understand
the needs of the patient?
a) Excellent technical skills
b) Empathy and understanding
c) Strong medical knowledge
d) Financial management skills
19. According to Abdellah, what should be the nurse’s role when dealing with a
patient’s family?
a) To avoid family involvement in care decisions
b) To educate and support family members as partners in the patient’s care
c) To prioritize the needs of the medical team over the family’s concerns
d) To ensure that family members do not interfere with care

20. Which nursing action addresses Abdellah’s problem of “physical mobility”?

a) Helping patients with activities of daily living
b) Providing spiritual counseling
c) Assisting with emotional distress management
d) Teaching relaxation techniques

1. What is the central concept of Virginia Henderson’s theory of nursing?

A. Nurse-patient relationship
B. The promotion of health through basic human needs
C. Medical intervention in health problems
D. Holistic approach to patient care
2. According to Henderson, what is the nurse’s primary responsibility?
A. Administering medication
B. Helping patients regain independence in their basic needs
C. Providing psychological support
D. Diagnosing health conditions

3. Henderson's theory emphasizes the importance of which concept in nursing

care?
A. Prevention of disease
B. Care for terminally ill patients
C. Assistance with basic human needs
D. Medical treatment of patients

4. Which of the following is NOT one of the 14 basic needs outlined by

Henderson?
A. Breathing
B. Sleeping
C. Understanding social interactions
D. Reproduction
5. In Henderson's model, which of the following is considered a basic need for
nursing care?
A. Ability to administer medication
B. The ability to sleep
C. Financial independence
D. Complete social interaction
6. According to Henderson, what role does the nurse play when a patient is unable
to meet their own needs?
A. Teacher
B. Provider of care
C. Protector
D. Helper to fulfill unmet needs

7. What is the ultimate goal of nursing according to Henderson’s theory?

A. Preventing all diseases
B. Helping patients to be as independent as possible
C. Providing emotional support only
D. Assisting with long-term care
8. Which of the following basic needs refers to the ability to get enough food and
fluids?
A. Nutrition
B. Hygiene
C. Breathing
D. Elimination

9. According to Henderson, nurses should provide care based on:

A. Advanced medical knowledge
B. The medical diagnosis
C. The patient's ability to meet basic needs
D. Social interactions with the family
10. Which of the following basic needs involves maintaining an optimal body
temperature?
A. Breathing
B. Nutrition
C. Elimination
D. Ventilation

11. How many basic needs are identified in Henderson's theory?

A. 12
B. 14
C. 16
D. 20

12. Which of the following is an example of a nurse helping with a patient's basic
need of communication?
A. Teaching the patient how to use a cell phone
B. Helping the patient to speak and express their needs
C. Facilitating discussions between the patient and the doctor
D. Allowing the patient to rest

13. Which of the following best represents the role of the nurse in relation to the
patient’s environment?
A. To control all aspects of the patient's environment
B. To create an environment conducive to patient health and comfort
C. To focus on the medical treatment alone
D. To encourage the patient to interact with the outside environment at all times

14. What is one of the primary goals in Henderson’s nursing theory?

A. To ensure patients can perform all activities without help
B. To help patients meet basic needs to promote health
C. To prioritize physical health over emotional well-being
D. To diagnose and treat medical conditions

15. What role does the nurse take when the patient is capable of meeting most
needs but requires some assistance?
A. Advocate
B. Assistant
C. Full caregiver
D. Passive observer

16. Which basic need is involved in maintaining a clean body and protecting the
skin?
A. Hygiene
B. Breathing
C. Rest
D. Nutrition
17. What does Henderson say about the importance of the nurse-patient
relationship?
A. It is only relevant in critical care setÝngs.
B. It is essential for providing holistic care to meet the patient's needs.
C. It is secondary to the physician-patient relationship.
D. It is irrelevant to patient outcomes.

18. According to Henderson, when should the nurse intervene in a patient’s life?
A. Only when the patient cannot perform basic needs independently
B. At all times, regardless of patient capabilities
C. When the doctor prescribes treatment
D. When the patient requests help

19. Which basic need involves the act of moving from one position to another,
such as in bed mobility?
A. Physical activity
B. Hygiene
C. Breathing
D. Elimination

20. Henderson’s theory suggests that:

A. Nurses should provide care in the form of medical treatment only
B. Nurses should allow patients to fully rely on them for basic needs
C. Nurses help patients achieve independence by meeting their basic needs
D. Nurses should focus primarily on physical health and ignore emotional needs
21. According to Henderson’s theory, the nurse’s role can be summarized as:
A. A medical technician
B. A caregiver who supports the patient in their daily life activities
C. A counselor
D. A substitute for the physician

22. Which of the following is a basic human need related to emotional and
psychological support?
A. Social interaction
B. Spiritual support
C. Communication
D. Sleep

23. According to Henderson, a nurse’s role is most needed when:

A. A patient has complex medical conditions
B. A patient cannot perform one or more basic needs
C. A patient is discharged
D. A patient is in good health

24. In Henderson’s theory, which of the following factors is most important for
promoting health?
A. Immediate intervention by the physician
B. Preventing illnesses through nursing care and supporting independence
C. Emotional support from family members
D. Constant surveillance of patient’s health
25. Which of the following basic needs involves the body's ability to eliminate
waste?
A. Breathing
B. Elimination
C. Rest
D. Hygiene

26. Henderson’s theory focuses on the nurse’s role in:

A. Preventing all diseases
B. Maintaining comfort and health by meeting the basic needs of the patient
C. Diagnosing medical conditions
D. Replacing the physician’s role

27. What does Henderson believe is the nurse’s responsibility in educating the
patient?
A. Teaching the patient about advanced medical procedures
B. Helping the patient to understand how to meet their own basic needs
C. Providing only technical care for patients
D. Supervising the patient’s health routines

28. According to Henderson, the nurse’s role includes:

A. Enabling patients to cope with illness in isolation
B. Supporting patients in managing basic needs to optimize health
C. Providing medical diagnoses
D. Delivering long-term care for chronic conditions
1. According to Orem's theory, self-care is defined as:
a) The ability to take care of others
o b) The activities performed to maintain well-being
o c) The ability to recover from illness
o d) The medical interventions provided by nurses

2 o. In Orem’s theory, the Self-Care Deficit occurs when:

o a) The nurse provides self-care activities
o b) A patient cannot meet their own self-care needs
o c) The family helps in self-care
o d) The patient is completely independent

3. Which of the following is NOT one of Orem's Self-Care requisites?

o a) Universal self-care requisites
o b) Developmental self-care requisites
o c) Health deviation self-care requisites
o d) Nutritional self-care requisites

4. Orem’s Self-Care Theory is categorized under which type of nursing theory?

o a) Grand theory
o b) Middle-range theory
o c) Practice theory
o d) Descriptive theory
5. Which of the following is an example of a universal self-care requisite?
o a) Drinking enough fluids
o b) Managing stress
o c) Maintaining health-related knowledge
o d) Following a prescribed treatment plan

6. The nursing system described in Orem’s theory includes:

o a) The nurse-patient relationship
o b) The nurse’s knowledge of pathophysiology
o c) The care provided to meet the patient’s needs
o d) The nurse’s professional development

7. Which type of nursing system is used when the nurse completely assists the
patient with self-care?
o a) Partially compensatory
o b) Supportive-educative
o c) Wholly compensatory
o d) Completely compensatory

8. Orem's theory emphasizes the role of the nurse in which of the following ways?
o a) To make health decisions for the patient
o b) To act as a caregiver in all situations
o c) To help the patient perform self-care activities
o d) To perform all the activities of daily living for the patient

9. A health deviation self-care requisite is necessary when:

o a) A person experiences illness or injury
o b) A person needs regular exercise
o c) A person maintains general well-being
o d) A person needs to improve nutrition

10. Which of the following is true about self-care deficits in Orem’s theory?
o a) They can only occur in chronic conditions
o b) They occur when the patient cannot meet self-care needs
o c) They are solved by immediate medical intervention
o d) They do not require nursing intervention

11. Which is an example of a developmental self-care requisite in Orem's theory?

o a) Dietary needs after surgery
o b) Learning to perform self-care activities at a young age
o c) Managing symptoms of a chronic illness
o d) Taking medications prescribed by a doctor

12. The Orem Nursing System that focuses on educating the patient to perform
self-care is:
o a) Wholly compensatory
o b) Partially compensatory
o c) Supportive-educative
o d) Preventive compensatory

13. According to Orem, what is a key goal of nursing care?

o a) To make decisions for patients
o b) To guide the patient to independence in self-care
o c) To perform all care activities for the patient
o d) To monitor and manage medications

14. Which of the following activities does Orem's Self-Care Theory suggest a
nurse would assist a patient with when the patient cannot perform them
independently?
o a) Personal hygiene and dressing
o b) Reading and writing
o c) Cooking and cleaning
o d) Managing finances

15. Which factor does Orem’s Self-Care Theory acknowledge as influencing a

person's ability to perform self-care?
o a) Family support and social resources
o b) The patient’s educational background
o c) Financial ability to purchase medication
o d) The nurse's experience

16. The term ‘self-care agency’ in Orem’s theory refers to:

o a) The nurse's ability to assess patient needs
o b) The patient’s ability to engage in self-care
o c) The healthcare system's role in self-care
o d) The doctor’s responsibility in self-care
17. In Orem’s theory, when a patient is unable to provide self-care due to a health
condition, this is referred to as:
o a) A nursing intervention
o b) A self-care deficit
o c) A health promotion
o d) A care plan failure

18. What is one of the major assumptions of Orem's Self-Care Theory?

o a) All patients are capable of performing self-care
o b) Nurses should always perform self-care for the patient
o c) Patients should be self-reliant and independent
o d) Self-care is only necessary for chronic illnesses

19. Orem’s theory helps nurses understand which of the following?

o a) How to implement family-centered care
o b) The relationship between a patient’s needs and their ability to perform self-
care
o c) The physical processes of illness
o d) How to manage hospital stafÏng

20. What type of nursing intervention is most appropriate for a patient who can
perform some, but not all, self-care activities?
o a) Wholly compensatory nursing system
o b) Partially compensatory nursing system
o c) Supportive-educative nursing system
o d) No nursing intervention required

21. According to Orem, which of the following is NOT a basic assumption?

o a) Individuals can perform self-care when healthy
o b) Illness may prevent self-care
o c) Family members can provide self-care
o d) Self-care is not important for maintaining health

22. Orem's Self-Care Theory emphasizes that nursing care should focus on:
o a) A medical diagnosis and treatment plan
o b) Promoting patient autonomy and self-care abilities
o c) Increasing dependence on healthcare providers
o d) Administering medications only

23. In Orem’s theory, what is considered an essential component of the nursing

process?
o a) Documentation of patient symptoms
o b) Developing a care plan based on the patient’s self-care needs
o c) Prescribing medication regimens
o d) Performing surgical interventions

24. The term ‘nursing agency’ refers to:

o a) The nurse’s ability to support patients in self-care
o b) The medical procedures used by nurses
o c) The educational level of the nurse
o d) The type of nursing certifications the nurse holds

25. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the supportive-educative

nursing system in Orem’s theory?
o a) Assisting the patient with self-care activities
o b) Teaching patients to perform self-care independently
o c) Providing emotional support
o d) Performing all activities for the patient

26. According to Orem, when does a patient require nursing assistance in self-
care?
o a) Always, regardless of health condition
o b) Only when the patient is very ill
o c) When the patient cannot fully meet their self-care needs
o d) When the patient requests assistance

27. Which of the following is an example of a health deviation self-care requisite?

o a) Following a physical therapy regimen after surgery
o b) Managing daily nutrition
o c) Learning to read
o d) Ensuring a balanced exercise routine

28. Orem’s Self-Care Theory suggests that nurses should focus on:
o a) Diagnosing the patient’s health condition
o b) Assisting patients in performing self-care tasks
o c) Reducing the need for healthcare services
o d) Providing administrative support for healthcare setÝngs

29. Which of the following is an outcome of applying Orem’s Self-Care Theory in

nursing practice?
o a) Increased patient dependence on healthcare providers
o b) Improved patient health outcomes due to self-care
o c) Reduced family involvement in patient care
o d) Better documentation practices

30. Orem’s Self-Care Theory is primarily concerned with:

o a) The role of the nurse in administering medication
o b) The patient’s ability to perform self-care and the role of nursing in promoting
this ability
o c) The family's role in patient care
o d) The patient’s physical environment

1. What is the primary focus of Hall’s Core Care Cure Model?

a) Prevention of disease
b) Holistic healing
c) Clinical management of patient care
d) Development of nursing theories

2. Hall’s Core Care Cure Model emphasizes the importance of which aspect of
nursing?
a) Promoting physical recovery
b) Focusing on emotional well-being
c) Facilitating the therapeutic relationship
d) Nursing education

3. According to Hall’s Core Care Cure Model, what role does the nurse play?
a) Teacher
b) Leader
c) Advocate
d) All of the above
4. Which of the following is a key component of the 'Care' element in Hall’s
model?
a) Prescription of medication
b) Providing emotional support
c) Diagnostic procedures
d) Surgery

5. In Hall’s Core Care Cure Model, the 'Cure' aspect primarily focuses on which
of the following?
a) Enhancing quality of life
b) Treating physical symptoms and illness
c) Providing spiritual care
d) Educating patients on lifestyle changes
6. In Hall’s model, 'Core' refers to which central concept in nursing?
a) A nurse’s clinical skills
b) Patient-centered care
c) Health promotion
d) Therapeutic communication

7. Which of the following is an essential part of the 'Care' component in Hall’s

Core Care Cure model?
a) Monitoring laboratory values
b) Providing nursing interventions
c) Administering medications
d) Maintaining sterile techniques

8. What does Hall’s model suggest is the ideal relationship between the nurse and
the patient?
a) A professional, distant relationship
b) A hierarchical, clinical relationship
c) A therapeutic, collaborative relationship
d) A relationship based on authority

9. Hall’s model emphasizes which aspect of patient care?

a) Biopsychosocial approach
b) Only physical care
c) Strict adherence to medical protocols
d) Disregarding emotional concerns
10. According to Hall’s Core Care Cure Model, the 'Care' component can
include:
a) Monitoring vital signs
b) Offering a warm, empathetic presence
c) Performing physical therapy
d) Conducting diagnostic tests

11. Which of the following best defines the 'Cure' element of Hall's Core Care
Cure model?
a) Creating a healing environment
b) Administering treatments to cure disease
c) Offering support for lifestyle changes
d) Enhancing quality of life through education

12. In Hall’s Core Care Cure Model, what is the nurse’s responsibility in relation
to the patient’s 'Core'?
a) Performing diagnostic tests
b) Prescribing medications
c) Providing patient-centered care that addresses physical, emotional, and social
needs
d) Focusing solely on medical treatments

13. Which of the following is NOT an element in Hall’s Core Care Cure Model?
a) Care
b) Cure
c) Cost
d) Core
14. In the Hall model, the nurse’s role in the 'Cure' phase includes:
a) Administering medications
b) Providing therapeutic communication
c) Supporting the family
d) Engaging in spiritual counseling

15. Which of the following best describes the 'Core' in Hall’s Core Care Cure
Model?
a) A patient’s family
b) The central, essential aspects of patient care
c) A therapeutic team
d) A nurse’s clinical environment

16. According to Hall’s Core Care Cure Model, nursing interventions are
primarily aimed at:
a) Diagnosing the illness
b) Treating the disease while considering emotional support
c) Prescribing medication
d) Educating about medical procedures

17. Hall’s Core Care Cure Model is primarily concerned with which level of
nursing care?
a) Basic, clinical care
b) Therapeutic and holistic care
c) Administrative roles
d) Public health policy

18. In Hall’s model, the 'Care' aspect would most likely address which of the
following?
a) Implementing surgical interventions
b) Providing physical rehabilitation
c) Offering psychological support
d) Conducting laboratory tests

19. The nurse’s role in the 'Cure' phase involves which of the following actions?
a) Monitoring the patient’s emotional state
b) Administering treatments or interventions for healing
c) Organizing the patient’s discharge planning
d) Encouraging physical therapy participation

20. Which of the following aspects of Hall’s Core Care Cure Model promotes a
holistic approach to patient care?
a) Focusing only on medical procedures
b) Ignoring family involvement in care
c) Addressing the physical, emotional, and social needs of the patient
d) Focusing on disease prevention exclusively
21. The 'Core' component in Hall’s model integrates which key principle?
a) Minimizing costs in healthcare
b) Developing medical protocols
c) Caring for the patient as a whole person
d) Maintaining physical distance from patients

22. The nurse’s role in Hall’s Core Care Cure Model should focus on which of
the following?
a) Making medical decisions without patient input
b) Establishing a collaborative and therapeutic relationship
c) Ignoring patient preferences for care
d) Following rigid protocols without considering individual needs

23. Hall’s model encourages which of the following in patient care?

a) A one-size-fits-all approach
b) Treating the patient’s disease rather than the patient as a whole
c) Fostering a comprehensive approach that includes physical, emotional, and
psychological healing
d) Providing care based solely on medical knowledge

24. Which of the following is NOT typically part of the 'Care' component in the
Hall model?
a) Providing emotional comfort
b) Giving physical treatments
c) Offering guidance and support to families
d) Educating the patient on health management
25. What does the 'Cure' component in Hall’s model primarily focus on?
a) Emotional and social well-being
b) The physical treatment and management of illness
c) Providing a therapeutic environment
d) Offering end-of-life care

26. Hall’s Core Care Cure Model suggests that nursing should be based on which
of the following?
a) Medical decisions solely
b) The holistic needs of the patient
c) The clinical procedures performed
d) Financial considerations

27. In Hall’s Core Care Cure Model, the 'Care' component is best described as:
a) Only physical interventions
b) Emotional and psychological support combined with physical care
c) Offering diagnostic services
d) Giving health education

28. According to Hall, the ideal nurse-patient relationship involves:

a) A clear divide between caregiver and patient
b) A supportive, empathetic partnership focused on healing
c) A professional, impersonal interaction
d) The nurse making all decisions independently
 29. What does Hall emphasize as an essential quality for nurses in the 'Care' phase
of the model?
a) Clinical competence
b) Compassionate communication
c) Medical expertise
d) Strict adherence to protocols

30. In Hall’s Core Care Cure Model, the 'Core' refers to:
a) The treatment protocols
b) The nurse’s role in supporting patient recovery
c) The underlying values and principles guiding nursing practice
d) The patient's biological needs

1. Who developed the Theory of Human Caring in nursing?

A) Dorothea Orem
B) Jean Watson
C) Hildegard Peplau
D) Florence Nightingale

2. The central focus of Watson's Theory of Caring is:

A) The biological aspects of nursing
B) Caring as a moral ideal
C) Clinical skills development
D) Organizational behavior in healthcare
3. Watson's definition of caring emphasizes:
A) Technology and equipment in patient care
B) The interaction between nurse and patient, with a focus on holistic care
C) The physical healing of patients
D) Standardized care protocols

4. In Watson's Theory, the transpersonal caring relationship is:

A) Focused on physical care only
B) The nurse’s relationship with the patient that transcends physical interactions
C) The technical aspect of nursing care
D) A means of managing patient data

5. Watson’s Caritas Processes refer to:

A) The scientific methods of diagnosis and treatment
B) The nursing interventions used in patient care
C) The principles of love and kindness that nurses use in their practice
D) The technological tools in healthcare

6. Watson’s Theory emphasizes caring in which aspect of human existence?

A) Biological
B) Emotional, spiritual, and existential
C) Economic
D) Social

7. Which of the following is NOT one of Watson's Caritas Processes?

A) Instilling faith and hope
B) Developing a helping-trusting relationship
C) Practicing scientifically-based interventions
D) Promoting and accepting the expression of positive and negative feelings

8. According to Watson, caring involves:

A) Only performing nursing tasks
B) A connection between the nurse and patient that nurtures human dignity
C) Technological care practices
D) Focusing primarily on disease management

9. Watson’s theory considers the person as:

A) A biological being
B) A unitary, holistic being with mind, body, and spirit
C) A patient to be treated with medications only
D) An object of medical research

10. In Watson's philosophy, the nurse's role in caring is to:

A) Deliver treatments based on medical protocols
B) Provide physical comfort only
C) Nurture and provide an environment conducive to healing through compassion
D) Focus solely on the technical skills of care

11. Watson’s concept of caring-healing environment includes:

A) The physical environment only
 B) The emotional, spiritual, and social environment in addition to the physical
environment
C) Focusing on medical equipment
D) Administrative and organizational structures
12. Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring was first published in:
A) 1975
B) 1985
C) 1991
D) 2001

13. Watson's Caring Science incorporates which of the following?

A) Quantum physics and complexity science
B) Traditional nursing techniques only
C) Biomedical research and physical therapy
D) Organizational leadership theories

14. The nursing metaparadigm in Watson's theory includes:

A) Person, environment, health, nursing
B) Person, nursing, health, environment
C) Patient, treatment, healthcare provider, outcome
D) Treatment, intervention, procedure, diagnosis

15. Watson’s Caritas Process of “cultivating the practice of loving-kindness and

equanimity” aims to:
A) Encourage the nurse’s emotional detachment
B) Promote an inner sense of peace and calm in the nurse and patient
C) Teach scientific rigor in clinical interventions
D) Focus on the technology of care

16. Watson's Theory emphasizes the importance of:

A) Treating the disease
B) Treating the patient holistically and with compassion
C) Providing a sterile environment
D) Focusing on financial aspects of care

17. According to Watson, the nurse-patient relationship is:

A) A business transaction
B) A transactional relationship based on task completion
C) A transpersonal relationship that transcends the physical level
D) A professional obligation with no emotional involvement

18. Watson’s Theory of Caring has been widely used in:

A) Research on the effectiveness of drugs
B) Studies focusing on patient safety and quality improvement
C) Educational settings for nursing students to develop compassionate care
practices
D) Evaluating hospital management systems

19. Watson views caring as:

A) A task-oriented action
B) A central focus of nursing practice
C) A skill that can be learned quickly
D) An action that requires no emotional involvement

20. Watson’s Caritas Process of “being authentically present” involves:

A) Focusing on the medical diagnosis
B) Engaging with the patient in a meaningful and compassionate manner
C) Providing physical care only
D) Disengaging emotionally from the patient to avoid stress

21. The “caring moment” in Watson’s theory refers to:

A) A moment when a nurse delivers a medication
B) A moment of deep connection between the nurse and patient, where healing
can occur
C) The time spent in administrative tasks
D) The time when a patient’s condition is stable

22. Watson’s Theory of Caring is classified under which of the following nursing
models?
A) Grand theory
B) Middle-range theory
C) Practice theory
D) Descriptive theory

23. According to Watson, a nurse must possess which of the following qualities to
provide effective care?
A) Technical expertise
B) Emotional intelligence and empathy
C) Financial acumen
D) Ability to make quick decisions based on protocols

24. Which of the following is NOT one of Watson’s core concepts?

A) Caring
B) Self-care
C) The holistic view of the person
D) Transpersonal relationships

25. The transpersonal caring relationship in Watson’s theory allows for:

A) Disease diagnosis and treatment to be the sole focus of care
B) A deeper spiritual connection between nurse and patient, beyond the physical
level
C) The complete detachment of the nurse from the patient’s emotional state
D) Technology to replace human interaction in care

26. The concept of “caring moments” is primarily focused on:

A) Delivering high-quality healthcare treatments
B) The spiritual and emotional connection between the nurse and patient
C) The physical health of the patient
D) Creating the perfect work environment for nurses
27. In Watson's view, health is:
A) The absence of illness
B) A state of harmony within the body, mind, and spirit
C) The ability to perform physical tasks
D) The management of disease symptoms

28. Watson’s Caritas Process of “engaging in the artistry of caring-healing

practices” refers to:
A) Performing medical tasks with precision
B) The creative and personalized approach nurses take when caring for patients
C) Utilizing healthcare technology
D) Following a structured care protocol

29. According to Watson, nursing practice should emphasize:

A) Medical procedures and equipment
B) Human connection, empathy, and compassionate care
C) Administrative tasks and hospital management
D) Technical expertise in diagnostics

30. Jean Watson’s theory is considered significant because it:

A) Focuses on technology and medical equipment in care
B) Acknowledges the importance of emotional and spiritual aspects of healing
C) Relies solely on clinical interventions
D) Emphasizes physical treatments over human interaction