Colligative Properties of
Nonelectrolyte and
Electrolyte Solution
General Chemistry 2
Quarter3: Lesson 5
Objectives:
➢distinguish electrolyte solution
from nonelectrolyte solution
➢differentiate the colligative
properties of nonelectrolyte
solutions and electrolyte
solutions .
➢cite the applications of colligative
properties of solutions physical
and biological processes.
What is common in this drinks?
Electrolyte
• A substance that produces ions in solution when dissolve in water
• Some solutions conduct electricity because of the free flow of
electrons in their structure. They are so called, electrolytes.
Electrolyte vs. Nonelectrolyte
Electrolyte is a substance that produces an electrically
conducting solution when dissolved in a polar solvent, such as
water.
Example: NaCl dissolve in water
Nonelectrolytes can be defined as substances that do not have any
distinct ionic form to exist in when they are dissolved in an aqueous
solution. Example: C12H22O11 dissolve in water
Not all chemical compounds behave this way, however. If
sugar is dissolved in water the solution that results is not
electrically conductive.
Example: Electrolytes are dissolved ions. These allow the flow of electricity
between a positive anode and a negative cathode in a wet cell
battery.
For a solution to conduct electricity there must be electrical
charges in the water that are able to move. When an ionic
compound is dissolved in water, the ions that are packed together
in the solid become separated. This is called dissociation.
Colligative Properties of Solution
• Colligative properties are the physical properties of solutions. These are
properties that depend upon the relative amounts of solute and solvent in the
solution mixture and not their chemical identities.
• Colligative properties (or collective properties) are properties that
depend only on the number of solute particles in solution and not on
the nature of the solute particles.
Vapor Pressure Osmotic Pressure
Boiling Point Elevation
Freezing point Depression
What are colligative properties?
• Examples of colligative properties include vapor
pressure lowering, freezing point depression, osmotic pressure,
and boiling point elevation. For example, adding a pinch of salt to a
cup of water makes the water freeze at a lower temperature than it
normally would, boil at a higher temperature, have a lower vapor
pressure, and changes its osmotic pressure. While colligative
properties are generally considered for nonvolatile solutes, the effect
also applies to volatile solutes (although it may be harder to
calculate). For example, adding alcohol (a volatile liquid) to water
lowers the freezing point below that ordinarily seen for either pure
alcohol or pure water. Therefore, alcoholic beverages tend not
to freeze in a home freezer.
Vapor Pressure
• Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its
condensed phase, either liquid or solid, at a particular temperature.
• Basically, it is a measure of how
much the solvent molecules
tend to escape from a liquid or
solid phase into the
atmosphere. Vapor pressure of
a liquid is a colligative property.
Raoult’s Law
Calculation of a Vapor Pressure
Calculation of a Vapor Pressure
Boiling point Elevation
• The boiling point of a liquid can be defined as the temperature at
which the vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the atmospheric
pressure.
Freezing point Depression
• The freezing point of a solution is less than the freezing point of the
pure solvent. This means that a solution must be cooled to
a lower temperature than the pure solvent in order for freezing to
occur.
Calculation of Tb and Tf
Osmotic Pressure
• Is the pressure difference to prevent solvent flow across a semipermeable
membrane that separates a solution from a solvent
Calculation of Osmotic Pressure
