AOAC SMPR® 2018.001 deviation calculated from among-laboratory data.
Expressed as
the reproducibility standard deviation (SDR); or % reproducibility
relative standard deviation (%RSDR).
Standard Method Performance Requirements Sugars.—The sugars in the analytical scope are minimally:
(SMPRs®) for Sugars in Animal Feed, Pet Food, fructose, galactose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, and lactose.
and Human Food
5 Method Performance Requirements
See Table 3.
Intended Use: Reference/regulatory method to measure 6 System Suitability Tests and/or Analytical Quality Control
individual mono- and di-saccharides in animal feed, pet
food, and human food Suitable methods will include blanks, and appropriate check
standards.
1 Purpose
7 Validation Guidance
AOAC SMPRs describe the minimum recommended
performance characteristics to be used during the evaluation of a Method data packages must include performance data covering
method. The evaluation may be an on-site verification, a single- the method claimed matrixes. A useful tool can be found in
laboratory validation, or a multi-site collaborative study. SMPRs food pyramid concept described in Annex F of Appendix F the
are written and adopted by AOAC stakeholder panels composed of Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC INTERNATIONAL. Matrix
representatives from the industry, regulatory organizations, contract variations in non-sugar carbohydrate and moisture content must
laboratories, test kit manufacturers, and academic institutions. be investigated and data provided. For example, using the food
AOAC SMPRs are used by AOAC expert review panels in their
pyramid in sector 7, a matrix may be either high in sugar or high
evaluation of validation study data for methods being considered
in non-sugar carbohydrates (e.g., starch, sugar alcohols), each of
for Performance Tested MethodsSM or AOAC Official Methods of
AnalysisSM, and can be used as acceptance criteria for verification which may affect method performance.
at user laboratories. Method data packages must include relevant data regarding
2 Applicability interferences and instabilities, such as listed in Table 2. Data
packages must include data to demonstrate that the sugar
Individually measure free nutritional sugars, minimally: fructose, composition in the extract is a representation of the true sugar
galactose, glucose, sucrose, maltose, and lactose (see Table 1 for
composition in the food product and assess the stability of extracts
additional information on analytes) found in selected ingredients
and foods consumed by animals, pets, and humans. The analytical over the duration of the test.
method must account for potential interferences (see Table 2) in 8 Reference Materials
these matrices. Methods that target a narrower matrix scope will
also be considered when appropriate. Potential reference materials, depending on method scope, may
include the following:
3 Analytical Technique
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST):
Any analytical technique(s) that measures the analyte(s) of 3233: Fortified breakfast cereal
interest and meets the following method performance requirements 2383A: Baby food composite
is/are acceptable.
3282: Low-calorie cranberry juice cocktail
4 Definitions 1849a: Infant/adult nutritional formula
Animal and pet foods.—Material consumed or intended to be Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM):
consumed by animals other than humans that contributes nutrition, BCR644: Artificial foodstuff
taste, or aroma or has a technical effect on the consumed material. Millipore Sigma (formerly Sigma-Aldrich):
This includes raw materials, ingredients, and finished product. 1181302: Dextrose, United States Pharmacopeia (USP)
(AAFCO) Reference Standard
Human food.—Material consumed or intended to be consumed
286504: Fructose, USP Reference Standard
by adult humans. For the purpose of this SMPR, this does not
1356701: Lactose monohydrate, USP Reference Standard
include infant formulas nor adult nutritionals.
Ingredients.—The base materials used in the formulation of 1623637: Sucrose, USP Reference Standard
animal food and human food. Refer to Annex F: Development and Use of In-House Reference
Recovery.—The fraction or percentage of analyte that is Materials in Appendix F: Guidelines for Standard Method
measured when the test sample is analyzed using the entire method. Performance Requirements, 20th Ed. of the Official Methods of
Repeatability.—Variation arising when all efforts are made Analysis of AOAC INTERNATIONAL (2016). Available at: http://
to keep conditions constant by using the same instrument and www.eoma.aoac.org/app_f.pdf
operator (in the same laboratory) and repeating during a short time
9 Maximum Time-to-Results
period. Expressed as the repeatability standard deviation (SDr); or
% repeatability relative standard deviation (%RSDr). None.
Reproducibility.—Variation arising when identical test materials
are analyzed in different laboratory by different operators on Approved by the AOAC Stakeholder Panel on Strategic Food
different instruments. The standard deviation or relative standard Analytical Methods (SPSFAM). Final Version Date: March 12, 2018.
© 2018 AOAC INTERNATIONAL
Table 1. Additional information on analytes
Common name IUPAC name CAS No. Molecular structure
Fructose (3S,4R,5R)-1,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexan-2-one 57-48-7
Galactose (3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5- 59-23-4
tetrol
Glucose (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal 50-99-7
Sucrose (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4- 57-50-1
dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]
oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Maltose 2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-[4,5,6-trihydroxy-2- 69-79-4
(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyox ane-3,4,5-triol
Lactose β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-D-glucose 63-42-3
Table 2. Potential interferants
Nontarget mono, di- and tri- saccharides (e.g., maltotriose
interfering with maltose)
Enzymatic activity (amylase, invertase)
Hydrolytic activity (e.g., acidic)
Table 3. Recovery, repeatability, and reproducibility
Organic acids parametersa
Glucose with higher degrees of polymerization Analytical range, % 0.1–5 >5–50 >50–100
Sugar alcohols, such as glycerol, erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol,
mannitol, maltitol, lactitol, isomalt Recovery, % 90–110 95–105 97–103
Hydroxylated compounds (nontargeted carbohydrates, RSDr, % ≤7 ≤5 ≤3
sugar alcohols, sugar acids, sucralose, etc.)
Salts, such as sodium chloride RSDR, % ≤10 ≤8 ≤4
Amine containing compounds (glucosamine HCl, amino acids, a
Reported as the individual sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, maltose,
peptides, glycoproteins, etc.) lactose, and galactose).
© 2018 AOAC INTERNATIONAL
