This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: E1742/E1742M − 18

Standard Practice for

Radiographic Examination1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1742/E1742M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.

1. Scope* 1.3.20 Acceptable parts, 6.28.1.

2
1.1 This practice establishes the minimum requirements for 1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-
radiographic examination for metallic and nonmetallic materi- pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The
als. values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;
1.2 Applicability—The criteria for the radiographic exami- therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.
nation in this practice are applicable to all types of metallic and Combining values from the two systems may result in non-
nonmetallic materials. The requirements expressed in this conformance with the standard.
practice are intended to control the quality of the radiographic 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
images and are not intended to establish acceptance criteria for safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
parts and materials. responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.3 Basis of Application—There are areas in this practice priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
iTeh Standards
that may require agreement between the cognizant engineering
organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the 1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
cognizant engineering organization. These items should be
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addressed in the purchase order or the contract.
1.3.1 DoD contracts.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-

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1.3.2 Personnel qualification, 5.1.1. mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.3.3 Agency qualification, 5.1.2. Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.3.4 Digitizing techniques, 5.4.5. 2. Referenced Documents
1.3.5 Alternate image quality indicator (IQI) types, 5.5.3.
1.3.6 Examination sequence, 6.6. ASTM E1742/E1742M-18
2.1 The following documents form a part of this practice to
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1.3.7 Non-film techniques, 6.7. the extent specified herein:
1.3.8 Radiographic quality levels, 6.9. 2.2 ASTM Standards:3
1.3.9 Optical density, 6.10. E94 Guide for Radiographic Examination Using Industrial
1.3.10 IQI qualification exposure, 6.13.3. Radiographic Film
1.3.11 Non-requirement for IQI, 6.18. E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive
1.3.12 Examination coverage for welds, A2.2.2. Testing
1.3.13 Electron beam welds, A2.3. E747 Practice for Design, Manufacture and Material Group-
1.3.14 Geometric unsharpness, 6.23. ing Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQI)
1.3.15 Responsibility for examination, 6.27.1. Used for Radiology
1.3.16 Examination report, 6.27.2. E801 Practice for Controlling Quality of Radiographic Ex-
1.3.17 Retention of radiographs, 6.27.8. amination of Electronic Devices
1.3.18 Storage of radiographs, 6.27.9. E999 Guide for Controlling the Quality of Industrial Radio-
1.3.19 Reproduction of radiographs, 6.27.10 and 6.27.10.1. graphic Film Processing
E1025 Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material
Grouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality In-
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- dicators (IQI) Used for Radiography
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on
Radiology (X and Gamma) Method.
3
Current edition approved March 1, 2018. Published March 2018. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E1742/E1742M – 12. contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
DOI: 10.1520/E1742_E1742M-18. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
2
This practice replaced MIL-STD-453. the ASTM website.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

1
 E1742/E1742M − 18
E1030 Practice for Radiographic Examination of Metallic ISO 5579 Non-Destructive Testing-Radiographic Examina-
Castings tion of Metallic Materials by X-and Gamma-Rays-Basic
E1032 Test Method for Radiographic Examination of Weld- Rules
ments ISO 9712 NDT—Qualification and Certification of NDT
E1079 Practice for Calibration of Transmission Densitom- Personnel
eters NOTE 1—DoD Contracts: Unless otherwise specified, the issues of the
E1165 Test Method for Measurement of Focal Spots of documents that are DoD adopted are those listed in the issue of the
Industrial X-Ray Tubes by Pinhole Imaging DoDISS (Department of Defense Index of Specifications and Standards)
E1254 Guide for Storage of Radiographs and Unexposed cited in the solicitation.
Industrial Radiographic Films NOTE 2—Order of Precedence: In the event of conflict between the text
of this practice and the references cited herein, the text of this practice
E1255 Practice for Radioscopy takes precedence. Nothing in this practice, however, supersedes applicable
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.
E1390 Specification for Illuminators Used for Viewing In-
dustrial Radiographs 3. Terminology
E1411 Practice for Qualification of Radioscopic Systems 3.1 Definitions—Definitions relating to radiographic
E1416 Practice for Radioscopic Examination of Weldments examination, which appear in Terminology E1316, shall apply
E1815 Test Method for Classification of Film Systems for to the terms used in this practice.
Industrial Radiography 3.1.1 Optical density is the correct term for assessing the
E2033 Practice for Radiographic Examination Using Com- developed film obtained from a penetrating radiation film
puted Radiography (Photostimulable Luminescence inspection. Historically, the terms film or radiographic density,
Method) or both, have been used to describe the measurements taken
E2698 Practice for Radiological Examination Using Digital from viewing the images, but the current definition of film
Detector Arrays density, in Terminology E1316, is “the quantitative measure of
2.3 AWS Document: diffuse optical light transmission (optical density, blackening)
AWS A2.4 Standard Symbols for Welding, Brazing, and through a developed film.” In addition, with the advent of
Nondestructive Examination4
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2.4 Aerospace Industries Association Document:
digital radiography, these historical terms may cause confusion
to those utilizing more than the film technique. For standards

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NAS 410 Certification & Qualification of Nondestructive
Test Personnel5 (Replacement for MIL-STD-410 Nonde-
purposes, the correct term is optical density and has been
replaced throughout this standard.
structive Testing Personnel Qualification and Certifica-
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3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
tion) 3.2.1 cognizant engineering organization—the company,
2.5 ASNT Documents:6 government agency, or other authority responsible for the
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi- design, or end use, of the system or component for which
cation and Certification in Nondestructive ASTM
TestingE1742/E1742M-18
radiographic examination is required. This, in addition to
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 ASNT Standard for Qualification and design personnel, may include personnel from engineering,
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Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel material and process engineering, stress analysis, NDT, or
2.6 NCRP Documents:7 quality groups and others, as appropriate.
NCRP 116 Limitation of Exposure to Ionizing Radiation 3.2.2 component—the part(s) or element of a system, as-
NCRP 144 Radiation Protection for Particle Accelerator sembled or processed to the extent specified by the drawing,
Facilities purchase order, or contract.
NCRP 147 Structural Shielding Design for Medical X-ray
3.2.3 energy—a property of radiation that determines its
Imaging Facilities
8 penetrating ability. In X-ray radiography, energy machine
2.7 ANSI/ISO Standards: rating is determined by kilovolts (keV), million electronvolts
ANSI/NCSL Z540-3 Requirements for the Calibration of (MeV). In gamma ray radiography, energy is a characteristic of
Measuring and Test Equipment the source used.
ISO 10012 Measurement Management Systems—
Requirements for Measurement Processes and Measuring 3.2.4 like section—a separate section of material that is
Equipment similar in shape and cross section to the component or part
being radiographed, and is made of the same or radiographi-
cally similar material.
4
Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 550 NW LeJeune Rd., 3.2.5 material group—materials that have the same pre-
Miami, FL 33126, http://www.aws.org.
5
Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc. (AIA), 1000 dominant alloying elements and which can be examined using
Wilson Blvd., Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209-3928, http://www.aia-aerospace.org. the same IQI. A listing of common material groups is given in
6
Practice E1025.
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box
28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org. 3.2.6 NDT facility—the NDT facility performing the radio-
7
Available from National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, graphic examination.
NCRP Publications, 7910 Woodmount Ave., Suite 800, Bethesda, MD 20814.
8
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 3.2.7 radiographic quality level—The ability of a radio-
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. graphic procedure to demonstrate a certain IQI sensitivity.

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 E1742/E1742M − 18
4. Significance and Use 5.4.1 Radiation Sources:
4.1 This practice establishes the basic parameters for the 5.4.1.1 X-Radiation Sources—Selection of appropriate
application and control of the radiographic method. This X-ray voltage and current levels is dependent upon variables
practice is written so it can be specified on the engineering regarding the specimen being examined (material type and
drawing, specification, or contract. It is not a detailed how-to thickness) and exposure time. The suitability of these exposure
procedure to be used by the NDT facility and, therefore, must parameters shall be demonstrated by attainment of the required
be supplemented by a detailed procedure (see 6.1). Test radiographic quality level and compliance with all other
Methods E1030, E1032, and E1416 contain information to help requirements stipulated herein.
develop detailed technique/procedure requirements. 5.4.1.2 Gamma Radiation Sources—Isotope sources that are
used shall be capable of demonstrating the required radio-
5. General Practice graphic quality level.
5.4.2 Film Holders and Cassettes—Film holders and cas-
5.1 Qualification: settes shall be light tight, constructed of materials that do not
5.1.1 Personnel Qualification—Personnel performing ex- interfere with the quality or sensitivity of radiographs, and
aminations in accordance with this practice shall be qualified in shall be handled properly to reduce damage. In the event that
accordance with NAS 410, ANSI/ASNT-CP-189, SNT-TC-1A, light leaks into the film holder and produces images on the
or ISO 9712 and certified by the employer or certifying agency radiograph, the radiograph need not be rejected unless the
as applicable. Other equivalent qualification documents may be images obscure, or interfere with, the area of interest. If the
used when specified in the contract or purchase order. film holder exhibits light leaks it shall be further repaired
5.1.2 Agency Evaluation—If specified in the contractual before use, or discarded. Film holders and cassettes should be
agreement, NDT agencies shall be qualified and evaluated in routinely examined for cracks or other defects to minimize the
accordance with Specification E543. The applicable revision of likelihood of light leaks.
Specification E543 shall be specified in the contractual agree- 5.4.3 Intensifying Screens:
ment. 5.4.3.1 Lead Foil Screens—When using a source greater
5.2 Laboratory Installations: than 150 keV, intensifying screens of the lead foil type are
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5.2.1 Safety—The premises and equipment shall present no
hazards to the safety of personnel or property. NCRP 147,
recommended. Screens shall have the same area dimensions as
the film being used and shall be in intimate contact with the

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NCRP 116, and NCRP 144 may be used as guides to ensure
that radiographic procedures are performed so that personnel
shall not receive a radiation dosage exceeding the maximum
film during exposure. Recommended screen thicknesses are
listed in Table 1 for the applicable voltage range being used.
Screens shall be free from any cracks, creases, scratches, or
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permitted by city, state, or national codes.
5.2.2 Radiographic Exposure Areas—Radiographic expo-
foreign material that could render undesirable nonrelevant
images on the film.
sure areas shall be clean and equipped so that acceptable
radiographs may be produced in accordance with ASTM the E1742/E1742M-18
require- TABLE 1 Lead Screen ThicknessA
ments of this practice.
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5.2.3 Darkroom—Darkroom facilities, including equipment
Energy Range/ Front Screen Back Screen Front and
Isotopes Minimum Back ScreensB
and materials, shall be capable of producing uniform radio- in. in. mm
0 – 150 keVC 0.000 to 0.001 0.005D 0–0.15
graphs free of blemishes or artifacts, which might interfere 151 – 200 keV 0.000 to 0.005 0.005 D
0.02–0.15
with interpretation in the area of interest. 201 – 320 keV 0.001 to 0.010 0.005 0.02–0.2
5.2.4 Film Viewing Area—The film viewing room or enclo- Se-75 0.001 to 0.010 0.005 0.1–0.2
321 – 450 keV 0.005 to 0.015 0.01 0.1–0.2
sure shall be an area with subdued lighting to preclude Ir-192 0.005 to 0.015 0.01 0.02–0.2
objectionable reflective glare from the surface of the film under 451 keV – 2 MeV 0.005 to 0.020 0.01 0.1–0.5
examination (see 6.27.6). Co-60 0.005 to 0.020 0.01 0.1–0.5
2 – 4 MeV 0.010 to 0.020 0.01 0.1–0.5
5.3 Materials: 4 – 10 MeV 0.010 to 0.030 0.01 0.5–1.0
5.3.1 Film—Film selection for production radiographs 10 – 25 MeV 0.010 to 0.050 0.01 1.0–2.0
A
should be based on radiation source energy level, part The lead screen thickness listed for the various energy ranges are recom-
mended thicknesses and not required thicknesses. Other thicknesses and mate-
thickness/configuration, and image quality. Only film systems rials may be used provided the required radiographic quality level, contrast, and
having cognizant engineering organization approval or meeting optical density are achieved.
B
the class requirements of Test Method E1815 shall be used. Lead screen thicknesses in accordance with EN 444 and ISO 5579 in SI units.
For energy ranges of Co-60 and 451 keV to 4 MeV, steel or copper screens of 0.1
5.3.1.1 Nonfilm Recording Media—Other recording media, to 0.5 mm may be used. For energy ranges above 4 MeV to 10 MeV, 0.5-1.0 mm
such as paper and analog tape, may be used when approved by steel or copper or up to 0.5 mm tantalum screens are recommended. Additional
the cognizant engineering organization. back scatter shielding may be achieved by additional lead screens behind the
cassettes.
5.3.2 Film Processing Solutions—Production radiographs C
Prepackaged film with lead screens may be used from 80 to 150 keV. No lead
shall be processed in solutions capable of consistently produc- screens are recommended below 80 keV. Prepackaged film may be used at higher
energy levels provided the contrast, optical density, radiographic quality level, and
ing radiographs that meet the requirements of this practice. backscatter requirements are achieved. Additional intermediate lead screens may
Solution control shall be in accordance with Annex A4. Guide be used for reduction of scattered radiation at higher energies.
D
E999 should be consulted for guidance on film processing. No back screen is required provided the backscatter requirements of 6.22 are
met.
5.4 Equipment:

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 E1742/E1742M − 18
5.4.3.2 Fluorescent, Fluorometallic, or Other Metallic TABLE 2 Process Control Checks
Screens—Fluorescent, fluorometallic, or other metallic screens Check Frequency Paragraph
A,B
may be used. However, they must be capable of demonstrating Discontinuity Image Measuring 5.4.7
Device
the required penetrameter (IQI) sensitivity. Fluorescent or Image Quality Indicators:
fluorometallic screens may cause limitations in image quality Certified When procured 5.5.4
(see Guide E94, Appendix X1). Check (Condition) prior to useC 5.5.4
Automatic Processing:
5.4.4 Film Viewers—Viewers used for final interpretation Processor Performance DailyD A4.2.1
shall meet the following requirements: Base Fog DailyD A4.2.5
C
Developer Temperature Prior to use A4.2.3
5.4.4.1 The viewer shall contain a variable control to allow Replenishment Rate E
A4.2.2
the selection of optimum intensities for film with varying Transport Speed F
A4.2.4
optical densities. Manual Processing:
Processing Performance Daily A4.3.1
5.4.4.2 The light source shall have sufficient intensity to Base plus Fog Monthly A4.2.5
enable viewing of optical densities in the area of interest (see Developer Temperature Prior to useG A4.3.2
Densitometer:
6.27.4). Verification Check Each shiftH
6.27.5
5.4.4.3 The light enclosure shall be designed to provide a Calibration Check 3 monthsI 6.27.5
uniform brightness level over the entire viewing screen. Light Meters Annual 6.27.4/6.27.6
Viewer Light Intensity 6.27.4
5.4.4.4 The viewer shall be equipped with a suitable fan,
blower, or other means to provide stable temperature at the Thermometer Calibration 6 monthsB A4.2.3
Ambient Visible Light 6 monthsJ 6.27.6
viewing port to avoid damaging the radiographic film while Stepwedge Calibration Annual 6.27.5
viewing.
5.4.4.5 The viewer shall be equipped with a translucent A
Optical Devices—When procured; mechanical devices (see Footnote B).
B
material front in each viewing port, except for localized Calibrated and recorded in accordance with ANSI Z540-3, or ISO 10012, as
applicable.
high-intensity viewing of high-optical-density film areas C
Documentation of this check not required.
through separate viewing ports, apertures, or other suitable D
May be extended to weekly when substantiated by actual technical/reliability

iTeh Standards
openings. data and approved by the cognizant engineering organization.
E
Measured and recorded when solutions are changed during preventative
5.4.4.6 A set of opaque masks, an iris-type aperture, or any maintenance or repair.
other method to reduce the viewing area to suit the size of the F

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Measured and recorded during preventative maintenance or repair.
G
Temperatures shall be checked prior to each use. Daily documentation of this
area of interest shall be provided. check is required.
5.4.4.7 Illuminators procured to, or meeting the require- H
Each shift or when maintenance is performed (bulb or aperture changed).

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I
ments of, Specification E1390 are acceptable for use. Every three months or whenever the densitometer verification check is not within
tolerance.
5.4.5 Digitizing Techniques—The use of film digitizing J
Fixed viewing locations with acceptable and controlled ambient lighting condi-
techniques is acceptable when approved by the cognizant tions need not be re-verified as long as those conditions are maintained.
engineering organization. ASTM E1742/E1742M-18
5.4.6 Densitometers—The densitometer shall be capable of
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measuring the light transmitted through a radiograph with an 5.5.2 Radiographically Similar IQI Material—Materials
optical density up to 4.0 with a unit resolution of 0.02. When shall be considered radiographically similar if the following
optical densities greater than 4.0 are permitted, a densitometer requirements are satisfied. Two blocks of equal thickness, one
capable of measuring optical densities up to the maximum of the material to be radiographed and one of the material of
optical density permitted is required. which the IQIs are made, shall be exposed together on the same
5.4.7 Film Viewing Aids—Magnifiers shall be available to film at the lowest energy level to be used for production
provide magnification between 3× and 10× to aid in interpre- radiographs. If the optical density of the material to be
tation and determine indication size, as applicable. The specific radiographed is within the range from 0 to +15 % of the IQI
magnifier used should be determined by the interpretation material (that is, the IQI is slightly more attenuating), the IQI
requirements. Devices used for determining defect size shall be material shall be considered radiographically similar and may
calibrated as scheduled in Table 2. be used to fabricate IQIs for examination of the production
5.4.8 Luminance/illuminance light meters are procured and material. The optical density readings shall be between 2.0 and
calibrated in accordance with Table 2. 4.0 for both materials. An IQI with a lower radiation attenua-
tion may be used.
5.5 Image Quality Indicators (IQIs): 5.5.3 Alternate IQI Types—The use of other types of IQIs,
5.5.1 Image Quality Indicators (IQIs)—The IQIs shall be in or modifications to types specified in 5.5.1, is permitted upon
accordance with contract requirements. Hole-type IQIs in approval of the cognizant engineering organization. Details of
accordance with this practice, Practice E1025, or the alternate the design, materials designation, and thickness identification
design of Annex A1, or wire-type IQIs in accordance with of the IQIs shall be in the written procedure, or documented on
Practice E747, shall be used when IQIs are required. If wire a drawing that shall be referenced in the written procedure (see
IQIs are used, they shall be correlated to hole-type radio- 6.1).
graphic quality levels in accordance with Practice E747. For 5.5.4 IQI Control—The IQIs shall be procured or fabricated
the radiography of electronic devices, Practice E801 shall be to the requirements of Practice of E1025, or the alternate
used. design of Annex A1, as applicable, with a manufacturer’s

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 E1742/E1742M − 18
certification of compliance with respect to alloy and dimen- the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03 or from ASTM Head-
sions. Users shall visually inspect IQIs for damage, quarters.
chamfering, and cleanliness in accordance with Table 2. 6.3 Surface Preparation—Components may be examined
without surface preparation or conditioning except as required
6. Detail Requirements to remove surface conditions that may interfere with proper
6.1 Written Procedure—It shall be the responsibility of the interpretation of radiographs.
NDT facility to develop a workable examination technique 6.3.1 Castings, forgings, and weldments may be radio-
recorded as a written procedure that is capable of consistently graphed in the as-cast, as-forged, or as-welded conditions
producing the desired results and radiographic quality level. provided the following requirements are met.
When required by contract or purchase order, the procedure 6.3.1.1 For castings and forgings, the surface condition shall
shall be submitted to the cognizant engineering organization not interfere with evaluation.
for approval. The written procedure shall contain, as a 6.3.1.2 Accessible surfaces of welds shall be prepared in
minimum, the following information: accordance with A2.1.
6.1.1 A drawing, sketch, or photograph of the component 6.4 Radiographic Identification—Each radiograph shall
showing the location of the film and IQI with respect to the carry the identification or serial number of the component and
radiation source for each exposure. view number, when multiple views are taken. Each radiograph
6.1.2 The angle of the radiation beam in relation to the shall also carry the identification of the NDT facility examining
component, the source-to-film distance, and any blocking or the component and the date of the examination. Radiographs of
masking, if used. a repair area shall be identified with R1, R2, R3, and so forth,
6.1.3 Part zones, if applicable, should be included (see 6.2). indicating the number of times that repairs were attempted.
This may be accomplished through drawings and tables or by Alternative schemes may be used for identification of repair
reference to documents where such information is found. radiographs so long as each film is clearly identified to relate to
6.1.4 The nominal exposure for X-ray machines, the a particular repair area. For explosives and propellants, the
voltage, milliamps, time (or rads as applicable), and effective conditioning temperature shall be identified on each X-ray film
focal spot size. For radioisotope sources, the isotope type,
iTeh Standards
if the ordnance has been conditioned to a temperature other
source strength (curies), exposure time, and source size. than facility ambient for purposes of examination.
6.1.5 Film designation (for example, brand, type, and pro-
6.5 Examination and Coverage—The number of parts
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cessing parameters), intensifying screens (for example, type
and thickness of screens), or filters (for example, filter material,
thickness, and location) if used, film loading instructions (for
examined,
as
and the radiographic coverage of each part shall be
specified by drawings, radiographic techniques, radio-
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example, when using multiple film exposure techniques), and
the desired optical density range.
graphic
other
manuals, handbooks for aircraft technical orders, or
specifications, as applicable. Areas to be examined shall
6.1.6 Thickness and type of material. be identified on the drawing by using the symbols in accor-
dance with AWS A2.4 or other systems of designations that are
6.1.7 The IQI size and type, and the requiredASTM E1742/E1742M-18
radiographic
easily identified on the drawing. If the number of parts to be
quality level. If alternate IQIs are used (see 5.5.3), include
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details of the design or reference to documents where such examined and the amount of coverage of each part is not
information is found. specified, all parts shall be examined and shall receive 100 %
6.1.8 Thickness and type of material for shims or blocks, or radiographic coverage.
both, if used. 6.6 Examination Sequence—The sequence for radiographic
6.1.9 Name and address of the NDT facility and the date, or examination in the production operation should be specified in
revision, of the procedure. the manufacturing or assembly process specification, contract,
6.1.10 Radiographic identification scheme used to correlate or purchase order. If not specified, radiographic examination
part-to-film. If the examination procedures are similar for shall be performed at a stage in the process of manufacturing
many components, a master written procedure may be used or assembly at which discontinuities can be detected. Radio-
that covers the details common to a variety of components. All graphic examination may be performed before heat treatment,
written procedures shall be approved by an individual qualified provided liquid penetrant or magnetic particle examinations are
and certified as a Level III for radiography in accordance with performed after heat treatment.
5.1.1. 6.7 Nonfilm Techniques—When permitted by purchase
6.2 Acceptance Requirements—When examination is per- order, contract, or specification, radioscopic/radiological ex-
formed in accordance with this practice, engineering drawings, aminations using nonfilm techniques shall be in accordance
specifications, or other applicable documents shall indicate the with Practices E1255, E2033 or E2698 or a nonfilm specifica-
criteria by which the components are judged acceptable. tion approved by the Cognizant Engineering Organization
Complex components may be divided into zones and separate (CEO) as required. Prior approval shall be obtained from the
criteria assigned to each zone in accordance with its design Level III radiographer of the cognizant engineering organiza-
requirements. When used, direct references to ASTM reference tion (see 5.1.1).
radiographic standards shall include the grade level for each 6.8 Multi-Film Techniques—Film techniques with two or
type of discontinuity permitted for each part or zone. more films of the same or different speeds in the same film
NOTE 3—Information on reference radiographs can be obtained from holder, to be used in either single or superimposed film

5
 E1742/E1742M − 18
viewing, shall be permitted provided that the applicable radio- 6.13 Placement of IQIs—An IQI shall be placed on each
graphic quality level, and optical density requirements (see 6.9 part radiographed for the duration of exposure, unless a
and 6.10), are achieved for the area of interest. number of identical parts are simultaneously exposed on a
6.9 Radiographic Quality Levels—The five quality levels single film. In such a case, a single IQI shall be placed upon the
listed in Table 3 may be assigned on the basis of IQI thickness source side of a part at the outer edge of the cone of radiation
and the perceptibility of one, two, or three holes in the or farthest extremity of the exposure setup (that is, farthest
hole-type IQI image on the radiograph. If the quality level is from the radiation beam centerline). For examination of
not specified on the drawing or other applicable documents, it irregular objects, the IQI shall be placed on the area of the part
shall be Level 2-2T. Unless otherwise specified by the cogni- farthest from the film. The IQIs shall be placed adjacent to the
zant engineering organization, hole-type IQIs used for exami- area of interest, since accept/reject decisions cannot be made in
nation of material 0.25 in. (6.35 mm) or less in thickness shall the area directly beneath the IQI. Where it is not practicable to
be 0.005-in. (0.127-mm) minimum thickness. place the IQI on the part, the separate block technique in
6.10 Optical Density—For single-film viewing, the optical 6.13.1, or the film-side technique in 6.13.2, may be used as
density shall be ≥1.5 in the area of interest. Where superim- applicable.
posed film viewing is used, the optical density of the superim- 6.13.1 Shim, Separate Block, or Like-Section IQI
posed films shall be from 2.0 in the area of interest, and each Technique—Where it is impractical to place the IQI upon the
individual film shall not have an optical density below 1.0 in part radiographed, the IQI may be placed on the source side of
the area of interest. Optical densities above 4.0 are permitted a separate shim, block, or like section, from the same material
when agreed upon between the cognizant engineering organi- group (or material that is radiographically similar or of a lower
zation and the NDT facility (see Note 1 of Fig. 1). In no case radiographic attenuation, see 5.5.2) as either the IQI or the part.
shall the maximum optical density exceed 4.5. For single-film The shim, block, or like section and IQI shall be placed on the
viewing, optical densities less than 1.5 are permitted only when outer edge of the cone of radiation. The shim, block, or like
items not requiring an IQI (see 6.18) are examined. The section shall exceed the IQI dimensions so that at least three
maximum readable optical density depends on the film viewer sides of the IQI shall be visible on the radiograph. If required

iTeh Standards
used and its maximum luminance (see 6.27.4). The maximum
readable optical density shall always be posted on the viewer.
by the CEO, the shim shall be placed on a low-absorptive
material (such as polystyrene plastic or its equivalent) to ensure

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6.11 Processing Radiographs—Radiographs shall be free that the IQI shall not be any closer to the film than the source
from blemishes which may interfere with film interpretation. side of the part, or area of interest being evaluated.
6.13.2 Film-Side IQI Placement—When examining double-
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6.12 IQI Selection—The IQI thickness shall be based on a
thickness not greater than the nominal thickness to be radio- walled parts such as tubing or hollow castings, and it is not
graphed. For double-wall exposures and double-wall viewing practical to place an IQI on the source side of the part, IQIs
techniques, the IQI shall be based on the double-wall thickness may be placed on the film side of the part as specified in
of the component. The IQI thicknesses that are ASTM E1742/E1742M-18
in between, or 6.13.2.1 and 6.13.2.2. A letter “F” shall be placed adjacent to
the IQI.
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/f2dacf6e-baf3-4e04-8abe-414bf56f2332/astm-e1742-e1742m-18
smaller than, the thickness increments in Fig. A1.1 (for
example, a hole-type IQI that is 0.0025 or 0.006 in. thick) may 6.13.2.1 Film-Side IQIs (Double Wall-Double Image)—
be used but are not mandatory. For double-wall exposures and When performing double-wall radiography in which both walls
single-wall viewing techniques, the IQI shall be based on the are viewed for acceptance, the film-side radiographic technique
single-wall thickness of the component. In no case shall the IQI shall be demonstrated on an exposure of a like section in which
thickness be based on a thickness greater than the thickness to the required IQI shall be placed on the source side, and sets of
be radiographed. For fabrication welds the IQI shall be selected wire IQIs, (or a series of hole-type IQIs) ranging in thickness
in accordance with Annex A2. For explosive/propellants, from that of the required IQI to one fourth that thickness shall
rocket motors, and their components, IQI selection shall be as be placed on the film side. If the required IQI on the source side
specified in accordance with Annex A3. indicates the specified radiographic quality level, then the
image of either the smallest IQI hole in the thinnest IQI, or the
image of the smallest wire, visible on the film side, shall be
used to determine the proper film-side IQI to be used for
TABLE 3 Quality Levels of Examination production radiographs.
Radiographic Maximum IQI Minimum Hole Equivalent IQI
IQI Designation
Quality Level Thickness, %A DiameterB Sensitivity, %C
6.13.2.2 Film-Side IQIs (Double Wall-Single Image)—
00 1–1T 1 1T 0.7
When performing double-wall radiography in which only the
0 1–2T 1 2T 1.0 wall portion next to the film is viewed for acceptance, the
1 2–1T 2 1T 1.4 film-side radiographic technique shall be demonstrated on an
2 2–2T 2 2T 2.0
3 2–4T 2 4T 2.8 exposure of a like section in which the required IQI is placed
A
Expressed as a percentage of material thickness.
on the inside of the part and a set of IQIs, as specified in
B
Expressed as multiple thickness of IQI. 6.13.2.1, are placed on the film side. If the IQI on the inside
C
Equivalent IQI sensitivity is that thickness of the IQI expressed as a percentage indicates the required radiographic quality level, then the
of the specimen thickness in which a 2T hole would be clearly visible under the
same radiographic conditions. image of either the smallest IQI hole in the thinnest IQI, or the
image of the smallest wire, visible on the film side, shall be