CAMRBRIDGE SCIENCE CHECKPOINT STAGE 8 WORKSHEET

UNIT 1 (PART 1). RESPIRATION & GAS EXCHANGE

Name: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………........

CORE SECTION
1 The following is a diagram of the breathing system in humans.

Complete the table to identify all the parts from A to H and describe the functions.

name function
letter
[1 point for each] [1 point for each]

Total: … / 16

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2 The alveoli are the gas exchange surface.
Scientists estimated the total alveolar surface area in seven different species.
The results are shown in the following figure.
Species A to G are placed in order of body size from smallest (A) to largest (G).

A student made this statement:

‘The larger the species, the larger the total alveolar surface area.’
(a) State one piece of evidence from the figure that supports this statement and one piece of evidence
that does not support this statement.
supports ..………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
does not support ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]

(b) Calculate the difference in total alveolar surface area between species D and G.

difference = ……………….. m2 [1]

Total: … / 3

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3 The following is a diagram of the gas exchange system in humans.

(a) Draw a label line and the letter X on the figure to identify an external intercostal muscle. [1]

(b) State another name for the trachea.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... [1]

(c) Describe the effect of breathing on the diaphragm.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...…….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………...… [2]

Total: … / 4

4 Complete the sentences about gas exchange in human by filling the missing words.
The air around you contains oxygen. When you breathe in, oxygen goes into your lungs. Some of the oxygen
from the air will be transported into your …………….. The blood delivers the oxygen to all ……...... in the
body, so that they can use it for …………….. The blood collects the waste product, which is …………………
from the cells, and takes it back to the lungs.

Total: … / 4

5 Describe two differences between a bronchus and a bronchiole.

1. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Total: … / 4

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6 The diagram shows the gas exchange process taking place in the alveolus.

(a) An alveolus is covered by a blood vessel (the capillary).

State a reason why this is good for your body.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... [1]

(b) Describe what the blue arrows (arrows going into the lungs) tell you from the diagram.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... [1]

(c) Describe what the red arrows (arrows coming out from the lungs) tell you from the diagram.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... [1]

(d) The gas exchange process is the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Describe what is meant by diffusion.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... [2]
Total: … / 5

7 Choose the correct statement in each of the following groups of statement by circling the letter.

Group 1: A. Every living cell respires.

B. Only animal cells respire.
C. Respiration uses up energy. [1]

Group 2: A. Expired (breathed out) air contains only carbon dioxide.

B. Expired air contains more carbon dioxide than inspired (breathed in) air.
C. Expired air contains more oxygen than inspired air. [1]

Group 3: A. Muscles in the lungs contract to make air move into them.
B. The diaphragm muscles contract to move air into the lungs.
C. Muscles between the ribs pull them downwards when we breathe in [1]

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8 Fill in the missing words to complete the sentences about how your gas exchange system inhales.
Use the given words. Some of them may not be used.
long cartilage trachea body
large bone collapsed downwards

Air gets into your body through your mouth or nose. They both connect to your ………….. (other name:
windpipe). The windpipe is ……..……. and has a …….……… surface area. It has lots of strong rings of
……………… around it. These rings keep the windpipe open and make sure that the windpipe will not be
………….. so that air can be kept moving in and out of your ………….... If you put your fingers on the front
of your neck and move them ……………., you can feel the rings of cartilage on your trachea. [7]

9 The gas exchange system in humans have many adapted features.

(a) Suggest what is meant by adapted features.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... [2]

(b) One of the adapted features of human gas exchange system is us having 2 lungs instead of only 1.
Explain why this feature is good for us.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... [2]
Total: … / 4

10 Complete the following table to describe the change of diaphragm, intercostal muscles and lungs when
we breath in and breath out.
Use the following words:
expand narrow contract relax

lungs diaphragm intercostal muscles

breath in (inhale)

breath out (exhale)

[6]

11 Write the word equation for aerobic respiration in human body.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [4]

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 ADVANCED SECTION

12 Glucose is the reactant in the aerobic respiration in human.

Glucose + oxygen  Carbon dioxide + water

(a) Suggest where glucose comes from.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... [1]

(b) Suggest where oxygen comes from.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... [1]

(c) Suggest where carbon dioxide is released into.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... [1]

(d) Suggest where water is released into.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... [1]

13 Energy is released in respiration.

Then, energy can be used for several purposes.
Describe three uses of energy in human body.
1. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [3]

14 Add the arrows to show the change of the lungs and the diaphragm when we exhale.