Lesson 1.
3 Governance
and
Government
Philippine Politics and Governance
General Academic Strand | Humanities and Social Sciences
What does
this do?
2
Why is he
there?
3
Why is this
important?
4
Most of our activities in
society, from our
hobbies to our
businesses and
employment, have to be
coordinated. Without
some element of
coordination, conflicts
can surge and social life
can be distressing.
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Learning
Competency
Differentiate governance from government
(HUMSS_PG12-Ia-5).
6
Learning
Objectives
● Define and differentiate the concepts of
governance and government.
● Understand and analyze the relationship
between governance and government.
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Role-Play Time
Explore 1. Form three groups. Each group is required to perform
a one- to two-minute skit demonstrating the problems
in one of the following scenarios to be assigned to
them randomly (two minutes to prepare):
a. a basketball game without any referee or
official
b. a busy street without any traffic rules/system
c. an unmonitored clean river with plenty of fish
free for everyone to exploit unlimitedly
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Role-Play Time
Explore
2. After a group has presented its skit, the other groups
must assess the performance and give their opinion on
how the scenario presented can be improved.
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What are the causes of the problems in
Explore
the presented scenarios?
10
What other real-life scenarios
Explore
demonstrate the problems encountered
in the activity’s scenarios?
11
How important is it for our social
Explore
activities to have a governing body?
12
Based on the scenarios discussed, how
Explore
do you understand governance and
government?
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Essential
Questions
Why is it important to have a system of
governance in society?
Who should lead this system?
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Governance
The Concept of Governance
● derived from the Greek word
kubernaein (to steer)
● the whole set of processes
involving multiple actors
through which a society
addresses its collective
problems and needs
15
Governance
It involves the ways a society
● handles its conflicts;
● makes its decisions; and
● sets its rules and
regulations.
e.g., how to use resources and
which behavior to ban
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Governance
The Concept of Governance
All societies practice it.
● Tribal societies → kinship
system in hunting food, etc.
● Islamic sultanates → datus
coordinated activities
● Modern societies →
government creates and
enforces rules 17
Governance
Governance involves multiple
actors.
● government
● businesses
● civil society groups
● church, schools, and media
● citizens and groups
All these actors contribute in
the ways the society solves its
problems and needs.
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Governance
Governance differs per society.
● In societies under
dictatorships, needs and
problems are settled by only
one person/group.
● In democratic societies, non-
governmental actors are
welcome to give inputs (e.g.,
propose or complain about
rules). 19
20
Government
The Government
● main actor in governance
● a set of offices entrusted
by the citizens of a state to
make, enforce, and settle
conflicts involving rules
and regulations in the
society.
21
Government
The Philippine Government
● presidential in form (has
three separate and coequal
branches)
● unitary in structure
(national government is
superior to local
governments)
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Government
Branches of the Philippine Government
EXECUTIVE LEGISLATIVE JUDICIARY
Implements the proposes, makes, interprets the laws
laws of the land and revises the of the land and
laws of the land settles conflicts
regarding them
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Government
Common Powers of the
Government
Because the citizens vest
their sovereignty to the
government, the
government practices
unique powers that other
governance actors do not
have.
24
Government
Police Power
● involves the ability
to regulate
behavior
● e.g., power to
criminalize and
punish certain
behaviors
25
Government
Power of Taxation
● involves the ability to
impose taxes to support
government operations
and services
● e.g., income taxes,
property tax
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Government
Power of Eminent Domain
involves the ability to take
private property for public use
and services
e.g., taking lands for building
infrastructure
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Check
Your
Progress
Why is it important for the government to
have these powers?
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Governance and the Government
● In the process of
governance, the
government is usually
the one that leads and
supervises the process.
● It is supposed to use its
unique powers to help
society settle its
collective needs and
problems better.
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Governance and the Government
The government also leads
governance because it has unique
duties to
● protect and promote the
citizens’ welfare, and
● uphold national interests.
Other actors may not care about
these.
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Governance and the Government
Sometimes, the government
can be the source of problems
in governance.
e.g., corruption, extrajudicial
killings (EJKs), discriminatory
laws, failure to do its duties to
the people
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This is why governance has
multiple actors. Everyone,
most especially the
government, must work
together to make
governance fair, inclusive,
and effective.
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● Governance refers to the whole set of processes
Wrap-Up
involving multiple actors and rules through which
society addresses its collective problems and needs. It
involves the ways society handles its conflicts, makes its
decisions, and sets rules and regulations.
● The government is a set of offices entrusted by the
citizens of a state to make, enforce, and settle conflicts
involving rules and regulations in the society.
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● In the Philippines, the government is presidential in
Wrap-Up form and unitary in structure. The common powers of
the government include police power, power of
taxation, and the power of eminent domain.
● The government is a central actor in the governance
process not only because of its unique nature, goal, and
powers but also because of its mandate of promoting
and protecting the citizens’ welfare and forwarding
the national interest.
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Challenge
Yourself
Identify one sector (e.g., health, education,
labor). What are the common governance
problems of that sector in the Philippines?
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Challenge
Yourself
References: Pictures
https://www.google.com/search?q=indigenous+people+in+the+philippines&tbm
https://web.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=565047998995305&set
=pcb.565048092328629 – BFP Region 8 Catbalogan City Fire Station
-https://samarnews.com/news_clips21/news429.htm
- https://www.google.com/search?q=catbalogan+city+fiesta&tbm
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Bibliography
Hufty, Marc. “Investigating Policy Processes: The Governance Analytical Framework (GAF)” In Research for Sustainable
Development: Foundations, Experiences, and Perspectives, edited by Urs Wiesman and Hans Hurni, 403-424. Bern,
Switzerland: Geographica Bernensia, 2011.
Keping, Yu. “Governance and Good Governance: A New Framework for Political Analysis.” Fudan Journal of the Humanities
and Social Sciences 11 (2018): 1-8, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40647-017-0197-4#citeas
Stoker, Gerry. “Governance as theory: five propositions.” International Social Science Journal 50 (1998): 17-28,
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/issj.12189
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