Fluid Mechanics and Machinery

SUGGESTIVE LONG QUESTIONS

PROPERTIES OFFLUID AND FLUID PRESSURE MEASUREMENT.

1 a) Deinc colesion, adhesion and surface tension
b) Stute Newton's law of viscosity and ils athemlical expression,
c) TIe danxter of a shaftis S0un rotating at | 250rpn in a slecvc hav wmg. a dameter of 54m
The length of sleeveis 125 mm and the viscOsily of the lud uscd in slecve is I2 poise. find the resistiny torque (3:3+)

a)Definc and give cxample ldeal fluid and rcal luid.

byWha s VISCOSIIN? How it is related with kincmatic viscosity of Musd?
c)A shaf s0 mm in diameter rotates at 200 rpm in abearing of length 120 mm and diameter 52 mm. The viscosity of theol
uscd in the bearing is lpoise Find the power absorbed in the bearing (3+2+4)
3. a)What is hv drostatic force of fluid? On which factors it depends?
b) A2m diamcter circular plate is held vertically inwater such that the centre of the plate is I.5m below the frce surface of
water. Find the total pressure and depth of ccntre of pressure on the plate.
(2+2+5)

)State the Newton's law of viscosity and write down ils matlhematical cxpression
) Twolarge planc surlace arc 15nm apart and the gap contains a liquid of viscosity 0 8 Pa S. within
thc gap athn plate of cross-sctional arca 0Sm is to be pullcd at avclocity of 0.5m/s atad1stancc of Smin from
one surlacc Deternmine the force rcquired for pulling the platc

)Define the fluid properties: Density. wcight density.spec1fic solume and spccific grav ity
n)Determinc thc total pressureon acircular platcof diamcter 1.5 muhich isplaccd verticall, in water insuch a
way thatthe centre of the plate is 3mbelow the frec surface of water. Find the position of centre of pressure also
4+5

6a) State the relationsh1p among absolute pressure. atmospheric pressure. gauge pressure and vacuum pressure.
b)What are the gauge pressure and absolute pressure at apoint 3m below the frcc surfacc of aliqud haN ing a
dens1ts of 15 10` Kghn' if theatmospheric pressure is cquialent to 750mmof mercury? The specific grav ity of
mercury is 13.6 and density of water- 1000 Kg/m.
(3+6)
7 a) Define total pressurc and centre of pressurc.
by Acircular platc 1.5 mdiamcter is immerscd in water in such away that its grcatest and least depth bclon the free
surface are 2mand 0.75 mrespectivcly. Determince the total pressure on onc face of the plale and position of the
centre of pressure
a) Define total pressure and centre of pressurc.
b) Arectangular tank 4mx2ms3 mheight is completcly filled with oil having sp gravity of 081.
Deternine the total pressure on bottom. larger and smaller vertical walls.
(3+6)

9 a)Definc total pressurc and centrc of prcssure

b) Acircular plate 1.5 mdiamcter is imnierscd in water in such a way that its greatest and least depth below the free
surface arc 2mand075 mrespectivcly. Delerminc the total pressure on one face of the plate and position of the centre of
pressure
 10. i)Define: atinospheric pressure. gauge pressure. vacuum pressure and absolule pressure
i)A differential manometer is coninected at the two points Aand Bof two pipes as shown in Fig. 1. The pipc Acontains a
Hquid oI Sp. gr. 15while pipe B contains a liguid of sp. gr. = 0.9. Thc pressure at A and B arc 1kgt/cm and 1.80

kgt/cm respcctivcly. Find the difference in mcrcur level in the differcntial manomcier +)
Sp. gr.= 1.5
Pa =1 kgf tcm

Sp. 9r.=0 9

2.0 m Pe = 18 af lcm ?
h

Fig.1

11.a) Define viscosity of fluid. State the effect of temperaturc on viscosity of liquid and gas.

b) Aplate. 25mm distant from a fixed plate. moves at 50 cm/sec and requires a force of 4 N/m to
maintain this speed. Deter1nine the viscosity of the fluid kept between the plates.
(2+3+4)
12.a) Definc viscosity of fMluid. Statc the effect of tempcraturc on viscosity of liquid and gas.
b) A platc. 25mm distant from a fiNcd platc. mov es at 50 cm/scc and requres a force of 4 N'm 1o maintan this spccd
Determine the viscosity of the fluid kept betwcen the platcs. (2+2+5)

CONTINUITY EQUATION AND BERNOULLIEQUATION AND APPLICATION FLUID KINEMATICS

1. a) State assumptions and theorem of continuity
b) Write down exprcssion of mass low rate for compressibleand non-conpressible fluid.
c) A I50mm diameter pipe carrics water at the rate of 80 lps The pipe branches into two pipes of 100mm dametcr and
50mm diameter. If the velocity in the 50 mn diameter pipe is 12 m/s. ind the velocity in the l00 mm dianeier pipe Neglci
losses.
(3+6)
2 a) State continuity cquation of fluid flow with mathcmatical expression.
cross-scction !
b) A pipe througlh which oil (specific gravity= 0.9 ) is flowing, is having diamctcrs. 20 c1n and 10 cm at the
scctions I and. volumetric
and 2 rcspcctivcly. The velocity of water at section I is given 4 m/s. Find thc vcloc1ty hcad at
dischargc and mass flow ratc. (3 +6)
exprcssion.
3 a)State Bernoulli 's theorem for stcady flow of an incompressible fluidwith mathematical
b) An orifice meter with orifice diameter I0 cm is inserted in a pipc of 20 cm diameter. The pressure gaugcs fittcd upstrcam
9 81 N/ cm respcctiv cly. Co-cfficicnt of discharge
and dow nstream of the orifice mcter gives rcadings of 19.62 N/cm and
for the neter is given as 0.6 Find the dischargc of water through pipe. (3+6)

+. i) Statethe Bernoulli's theor. Writc down its mathcmatical cxprcssion

ing inlct diametcr 20 cm and throat diamcter I0cm. The
i)An oil of sp. gr. 0,8is flowing through aventurimcter hav
Calculatc the discharge of oil through thc horizontal
oil-mercury differential manometer shows arcading of 25 cm.
venturincter. Take Cd =98 3+6

5 )Write the assumption of Bernoulli s equation.

pipe of 20 Cn diamcter.The pressure gauge fittcd
ii) Anorifice meter with orifice dianmeter 10 cm is inserlcd in a
reading of 19.02 N/cm and 9.81 N/cm respectively Co
upstrean and downstream of the orifice meter given
cfficicnt of discharge for the meter is given as O.6. Find
the dischargc of water through pipe. 3+6
6. a) State Bernoulli's
thcorem
b) An orifice meter with for stcady flow of an inconipressible fluid.
orifice dianmeter 10 cn1 is insertcd in a upstrcam
and downstream of the orifice
meter pipe of 20 cn dametcr. Thcpressurc gaugcs fittcdof d1scharge
for the ncter is given as 0.6. Fnd the gives readings of 19.62 N/cm and 9.81 N/ cm respcctivcly. Co-cfficient
discharge of water through pipe (3+0)
7 ems
a) Define d1llerent energy heads and total cnergy head of
fluid low with ils espresSions
0A T0 Cm dametcr horizonal pipe is altached to a nozzle of Scm dianeter which discharges 20Ips of fluid The pressure
al the baISC of' nozzle is 3,9 N/m Neglccting loss nd available kilctic hcad at the nozzlc outlet. ()++)
ran
8
) Delne and give example (any thrcc): Stcady low. compressible low. uniform flow. viscous flow. urbulcnt 1lou.
rotationl Now
b) Water cnters a 200 mm dameter pipe with5 m/s selocity. Therea•ler pipe is branched into(no dianncters I50 mm aid 1t
mm respectincly The velocity of low at the outlct of 100 mm di¡ncter branch is 6 5 m/s. Find the vcloc1ity of Mow at the outlct 3ram
of I50nm dameter pipe. Neglcct losscs.

9. a) Wrile down assumptions and statement of Bernoulli's theorem.

b) A horizontal Venturi-mcter 200 mm X 100 mmn is fitted in pipelinc carrving water. Pressurce at inlet is 175 kN/m and thc
vacuum pressure at the throat is 25 cm of mercury. Taking Cd=0.96 find the discharge of waler through pipe. atid

FLOW THROUGH PIPE. PIPE LOSSES

)What do vou mean by TGL and HGL?

ii) Write down the cxpressions for minor energy losses in pipe.3t6
cxpression of losscs (2+4+3)
2 a) What arc differcnt losses of headduring flow through pipc? Wrile any four
a pipe 300m long and I5On ndramcter nhen he
b) Detcrmine the hcad lost in fricion when watcr flows through
d1schargc of watcr through the pipc is 3000 litres per minute.
Takc Darcv's frictional co- cfficicnt. f0,01.
during flo through pipe.
3 a) Write down exprcssions for diffcrent minor losses of head
the velocitv of flow =
b) Determine the diametcr of pipeline 2km long
if the head loss is not to cxcecd 10 m ofwater.Take
cfficicnt.[-0,01 (6+3)
0.75 m/s and Darcv's frictional co-
hvdraulic 1mcan depth of pipe diameter. D.
a) What is hvdraulic mean depth? Calculate
through wh1ch watcr is flowing at a
Find the head lost due to friction in a pipe of diamcter 350 min and length 75 m.
b)
velocity of 2.8 m/s usingi)Darcy formula,
ii) Chezy's formula for which c= 55.

Take v for water= 0),012stoke. (3+6)

IMPACT OF IET

impulse of jct?
a) What do you mcan by 50% whilc it strikes a scrics of lat platcs
mountcd on the periphcr
of a jct is
b)Show that maximum cfficicncy
velocitn of
of awhcc normally with a vclocily of 30
m/son a plate moving with a
diameter strikcs
b) Ajct of water 10 cm in +4+8)
the force exertcd by the jet. (2
10m/s in the dircction of jct. Find ofa uhecl is s0"o
liquid on a series of flat platcs fivcd on the penplern
cfficicncy ofa jct of
2 )Show tlhat masimum 100 mm and
which a nozzle is itted. The diamcter of the nozzlc is
pipe at the cnd of the jet of water on afixcd
vertical plate
I1) Water is flowing througha 100m. Find the force cxcrted by
center of nozzle is
tite icad of waler at the
The co-cfficicnt of vclocity is given as 0,95, 5++
dircction of the jct.
liauid on a vertical platc moving in the moving platc is 5
s Lne Cxprcssion for impact
of a ict of
witha velocits of 25m/s. The vclocity of
b) Ajet of water +cm in diamcter strikcs a moving platc normallythe work donc by the jct.
m/s in the dircction of jet. Dctermine i) the force on the plate. ii)
(4+5)
 mm ad
fitted. The diamctcr of nozzle is 100
of whiclh a nozzle is
through apipe at the cnd the jct of water on
a lixcd vertical plate Th
4
) Water Is lowing the force cxcrtcd by s used in
[OT crar
hcad of nater at the centre n0zzle is I00 m. find
co-eficicntof velocity is given as 0.95, cs away Irom thc jet a S
at20) m/s perpendicular (o aplatc that mov
delivers a strcam of water
O)A 02le ol S0 mm diamcter ii) the work done and the cfficicncy of jet (3+6) 1suitable dia
s . tind )the force on the plate.
PU\MPS
i)What is priming? Why it is nccessary?
1450rp1n against a hcad
of 251n. The impcller am and
at a specd of
ii)A centrifugal pump is to discharge 0. 118 m/s cficicnc is 75%. Dctcrminc
the vanc angle at
50mmand manonetric
dialneterIS 2)0mm, its width at outlet is 3+6
outer peripher of thc impcllcr.
2 i)Differcntiate betw cen centr1fugal pump and reciprocating pump.
running at 50rpm delivers 0,00736m'/s of water. The diamcter of the piston
)A SHge acling reCiprocating pump. heads are 3.5m and 11.5m respectively. Detcrminc
is 200mnm and stroke 300mm. The suction and delivery
theorctical discharge. coefficient of discharge. % slip and power required
to run the pump 3 +6

3. a) Draw he discharge diagram for double acling rcciprocating pump.

b) How a smooth discharge is av ailable at outlet of adouble acting recIprocating pump? water from a sourcc 3 m
diameter and 36 c1n stroke. draws
C) A double acting reciprocating punp having piston of 18 c1m
pump = 85 %. Determinc theorctical
below it. and delivers to a hcight of 45m. Take R.P.M= 60. and efficicncy of the
discharge and pouer required to run the pump (4+5)
a) What is priming of a ccntrifugal pump
design spccd of 800 rpm. Thevancs arc cur cd
b) A centrifugal pump deliers walcr against a net head of 20 2 mctres and a
and outlct width 60 nmm Determunc
back to an angle of 40° with the periplhery. The external impcller diamctcr is 480 mm
the discharge of the pump if manometric cfficiency is 70%(3+6)

a) What are the functions of air vessels in reciprocating pump?

diamcter of the piston is 200mm and piston
b) A double acting reciprocating pump rns at 6Orpm and delivers water. The
respcctively. Detcrminc
rod is 20mm and stroke length is 250mm.The suction and delivery hcads are 3m and 10m
heoretical discharge and power required to run the pump. (3+6)

6. a) Write down the working principle of a centrifugal pump.

30 mm. rpm of
b) The following data refers to a centrifugal pump: Diaineter and width at outlet of the impeller=300 mm and
efficicncy= 80%. Deterinine the vane anglc at the
pump=1440. Discharge= 05 m'/s. Manometric Head-25 m, Manometric
outer periphery.
(3+6)
a) Definc Suction Iift. Dclivery lift and Stalic lift of a pump.
b)The following data refers to asingle slage centrifugal pump: Inner and outer diametcr of the impeller -20cm and 50 cm.
Outlct vane angle=45". rpm of pump=1450. Constantvelocity of low =4 m/s. water discharge ratc =12 m'/s Determ1ne the
vanc angle at the inlet. work done per second by impeller. absolute velocity at outlet. and power available at the impcllcr
(3+6)
8. a) Compare Centrifugal pump with reciproCating pump
b) Asingle acting reciprocating pump runs at 60 rpm and dcln ers 300 litres of water per minuie with siroke lenglh of i00
mm and cy linder borc of 150 mm Thc suction and delivery hcads are 3n1 and 10m respcctively Take cfficiency of the
pump = 85%. Determine theoretical discharge and power required to run the pump.(2+2+5)
SU GGESTIONS FOR SiORTQUESTIONS

I. Compare ideal fluid with rcal fluid

2. State cause of surface tension.
3. Detine absolute pressure. gauge pressure and vacuum pressure.
Write down effect of temperature on viscosity of gas.
S. What is Nentonian fluid? Give example.
Write down effect of temperature on viscosity of liquid
7. Define Bulk modulus and its relation with compressibility.
manometcr and differcntial manometer.
O.State ditferences between simple
9. Write down cffcct of temperaturc on viscosity.
10. State the recason of trapczoidal cross scction of dam.
11. Short note on Pitot tube.
12. State significance of Reynold's Number.
13. Application of Pitot tube.
14. Short note on Piczometer.
15. Define uniform and non-uniform flow.
minor cnergy losses.
16. Write down expression for thrce
mcan depth.
17. Definc wetted perimetcr and hydraulic
depth of circular pipe scction.
18. Define and calculate hvdraulic mcan
do vou mcan by HGL and TGL of fluid flow through pipe.
19. What
the jct on the stationarv plate.
20. Find the expression for force exerted by
pump.
21. Advantages of centrifugal pump over reciprocating
22. State cffect of cavitation
23. State function of air vesscls.
24. State condition for negative slip in reciprocating pump.