 Marked questions are recommended for Revision.

PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

Section (A) : Measurement of Angles & Allied angles

A-1. Find the radian measures corresponding to the following degree measures

(i) 15° (ii) 240° (iii) 530°

 4 53
Ans. (i) (ii) (iii)
12 3 18
Sol. 180º = c

A-2. Find the degree measures corresponding to the following radian measures
3 5 7
(i) (ii) – 4 (iii) (iv)
4 3 6
Ans. (i) 135° (ii) – 720°
(iii) 300° (iv) 210°
Sol. c = 180º

A-3. Prove that :

   1  7 
(i) sin2 + cos2 – tan2 =– (ii) 2 sin2 + cosec cos2 =0
6 3 4 2 6 6 3
 2   29  5 
(iii) 3 cos2 + sec + 5 tan2 = (iv) cot2 + cosec + 3 tan2 =6
4 3 3 2 6 6 6
1 1 1 1 1
Sol. (i) + –1= – (ii) 2 × – 2 = 0
4 4 2 4 4
1 3 29 1
(iii) 3 × – 2 + 5  3 = 15 – 2 + = (iv) 3 +2+3× =6
2 2 2 3

A-4. Find the value of :

(i) cos 210° (ii) sin 225° (iii) tan 330° (iv) cot (– 315°)
− 3 1 1
(i) 
 2 
Ans. (ii) – (iii) – (iv) 1
  2 3

– 3
Sol. (i) cos 210° = cos(180 + 30) =
2

A-5. Prove that

cos(  + )cos( −)
(i) = cot2 .
 
sin(  − )cos  +  
2 
(ii) cos + sin (270° + ) – sin (270° – ) + cos (180° + ) = 0.
 3    3  
(iii) cos  +   cos (2 + ) cot  −   + cot (2 + ) = 1.
 2    2  
(– cos )cos 
Sol. (i) = cot 2  (ii) cos – cos + cos – cos = 0
sin   (– sin )
(iii) sin × cos [tan + cot] = 1

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A-6. If tan  = – 5/12,  is not in the second quadrant, then show that
sin(3600 − ) + tan(900 + ) 181
0
=
− sec(270 + ) + cos ec( −) 338

5 3 5 12
Sol. tan  = –  <  < 2  sin  = – and cot  = –
12 2 13 5
5 12
– –
– sin  – cot  sin  + cot  13 5 = 181
LHS = = = = RHS
– cos ec – cos ec 2 cosec 13 338
–2 
5

Section (B) : Graphs and Basic Identites (sin(A ± B), cos(A ± B), tan(A ± B))

B-1. Sketch the following graphs :

(i) y = 3 sin 2x (ii) y = 2 tan x (iii) y = cosx

Ans. (i) (ii)

(iii)

1 2

B-2. Find number of solutions of equation sinx = –4x + 1

Ans. 1

Sol. 

y = –4x + 1
2
B-3. If tan + sec = then sec is
3
13
Ans.
12
2
Sol. tan + sec =
3
3 2 3 4+9
sec – tan =  2sec = + =
2 3 2 6
13
sec =
12
B-4. Show that : (i) sin 20° . cos 40° + cos 20° . sin 40° = 3 /2
(ii) cos 100° . cos 40° + sin 100° . sin 40° = 1/2

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 3 1
Sol. (i) sin (20º + 40º) = sin 60º = (ii) cos (100º – 40º) = cos 60º =
2 2
 9 5
B-5. Show that : cos 2  cos – cos 3  cos = sin 5  sin .
2 2 2

1  5 3 15 3  1 5
Sol.
2 cos 2 + cos 2 – cos 2 – cos 2  = 2  2sin5 · sin 2
 
0
1
B-6 If A + B = 450, prove that (1 + tanA)(1 + tan B) = 2 and hence deduce that tan 22 = 2–1
2

tan A + tanB
Sol. A + B = 45°  tan(A + B) = tan(45º)  =1
1– tan A tanB
 tanA + tanB + tanA tanB = 1  (1 + tanA) (1 + tanB) = 2
1º
put A = B = 22
2
1º 2 1º
 (1 + tan 22 ) = 2  tan 22 = 2 – 1
2 2
B-7. Eliminate  from the relations a sec  = 1 – b tan  , a2 sec2 = 5 + b2 tan2
Ans. a2b2 + 4a2 = 9b2
Sol. a sec  = 1 – b tan  ... (1) a2 sec2 = 5 + b2 tan2 ... (2)
(1) is a sec  = 1 + b tan  – 2b tan 
2 2 2 2 2

From equation (2)

2 b2 + 4
5 + b2 tan2 = 1 + b2 tan2  – 2b tan  tan = –  sec2 =
b b2
(b2 + 4)
so a2 =5+4  a2b2 + 4a2 = 9b2
b2
Section (C) : sin2A – sin2B, Multiple angles upto 3A, 2sinA cosB, sinC – sinD

C-1. Show that :

(i) sin2 750 – sin2 150 = 3 /2 (ii) sin2 450 – sin2 150 = 3 /4
Sol. (i) sin (750 + 150) . sin (750 – 150) = sin 90º . sin 60º = 3 / 2
(ii) sin (450 + 150) . sin (450 – 150) = sin 60º . sin 30º = 3 /4

C-2. Find the value of

(i) 4 sin 18° cos 36° (ii) cos2 72° – sin2 54°
(iii) cos2 48º – sin2 12º
5 +1
Ans. (i) 1 (ii) – 5 /4 (iii)
8
 5 –1 5 + 1  4 
Sol. (i) 4 sin 18° cos 36° = 4    = 4   = 1
 4 4   16 

(ii) 2 2
cos 72° – sin 54° = cos (126°) cos (18°) = – sin 36° cos 18°
10 – 2 5 10 + 2 5 4 5 5
=– × =– =–
4 4 16 4
(iii) We have L.H.S. = cos2 48º – sin2 12º
= cos (48º + 12º) cos(48º – 12º) [cos2 A – sin2 B = cos(A + B)cos(A – B)]
1 5 +1 5 +1
= cos 60º cos36º =  = = R.H.S.
2 4 8

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 a2 – b2
C-3. If  and  are the solution of a cos + b sin = c, then show that cos( + ) =
a2 + b2
Sol. we have a cos  + b sin  = c ...(i)
 a cos  = c – b sin  a2 cos2  = (c – b sin )2  a2(1 – sin2) = c2 – 2bcsin + b2sin2
 (a2 + b2) sin2  – 2bc sin + (c2 – a2) = 0 ...(ii)
Since ,  are roots of equation (i). Therefore, sin  and sin  are roots of equation (ii)
c 2 – a2
 sin sin = 2 ...(iii)
a + b2
Again, acos + b sin = c  bsin = c – acos  b2 sin2  = (c – a cos )2
 b (1 – cos ) = (c – acos)  (a + b ) cos  – 2ac cos + c2 – b2 = 0 ...(iv)
2 2 2 2 2 2

It is given that ,  are the the roots of equation (i), So, cos , cos are the roots of equation (iv).
c 2 – b2
 cos  cos  = 2 ...(v)
a + b2
c 2 – b2 c 2 – a2 a2 – b2
Now, cos( + ) = cos cos  – sin  sin   cos( + ) = – =
a2 + b2 a2 + b2 a2 + b2

 A  A  1 
C-4. Show that : sin2  +  – sin2  −  =   sin A
 8 2   8 2   2
 A  A   A  A   1
Sol. LHS = sin  + + –  sin  + – +  = sin . sinA = sinA = RHS
8 2 8 2  8 2 8 2  4 2

C-5. Show that : cos² + cos² ( + ) − 2cos  cos  cos ( + ) = sin² .

Sol. LHS = cos2  + cos ( + ) { cos  cos  – sin  sin  – 2 cos  cos }
= cos2  – cos ( + ) . cos ( – ) = cos2  – cos2 + sin2  = sin2  = RHS

C-6. Prove that

sin2 A − sin2 B 4 cos 2A
(i) = tan (A + B) (ii) cot (A + 15º) – tan (A – 15º) =
sin A cos A − sinBcosB 1 + 2 sin 2A

sin2 A − sin2 B sin(A + B)sin(A − B) 2 sin(A + B)sin(A − B)

Sol. (i) = = = tan (A + B)
sin A cos A − sinBcosB 1 1 2cos(A + B)sin(A − B)
sin2A − sin2B
2 2
cos(A + 15º ) sin(A – 15º )
(ii) cot (A + 15º) – tan (A – 15º) = –
sin(A + 15º ) cos(A − 15º )
cos(A + 15º )cos(A − 15º ) − sin(A + 15º )sin(A − 15º )
=
sin(A + 15º )cos(A − 15º )
(cos2 A − sin2 15º ) − (sin2 A − sin2 15º )
=
1
(sin2A + sin30º )
2
2cos 2A 4 cos 2A
= =
1 2 sin 2A + 1
sin2A +
2

C-7. If 0 <  < /4, then show that 2 + 2(1 + cos 4) = 2 cos 

Sol. 0<<  LHS = 2 + 2  2cos2 2 = 2 + 2 | cos 2 |
4
 
0<<  0 < 2 <
4 2
 cos2 is + ve  2|cos | = 2 cos    (0, /4)

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 cos3 A − cos3A sin3 A + sin3A
C-8. Prove that + =3
cos A sin A
cos3 A – 4cos3 A + 3cos A sin3 A + 3 sin A – 4 sin3 A (1– cos2 A) (1– sin2 A)
Sol. + = 3cosA + 3 sin A
cos A sin A cos A sin A
= 3(2 – 1) = 3

C-9. Prove that

 2 −  
 1 − cot  4    9
   + cos 
(i)  cot 4  sec = cosec 4. `
 1 + cot 2   −   2  2
  4  
 
1 1 sec 8A − 1 tan8A
(ii) − = cot 2 (iii) =
tan3 − tan  cot 3 − cot  sec 4A − 1 tan2A

cos A + sin A cos A − sin A

(iv) – = 2 tan 2A
cos A − sin A cos A + sin A
  2   –   
  1– tan    
Sol. (i)

LHS =  –   4   + cos  cot 4  sec 9

  1 + tan2   –    2  2
      
 4 
  
cos cos 4 
 –   9   2  9
=  – cos   + cos cot 4  sec =  – sin +  sec
  2  2  2  2 sin 4  2
 
1    9
= cos 4 cos – sin 4 sin  sec
sin 4  2 2 2
1 9 9
= × cos . sec = cosec 4 = RHS
sin 4 2 2
cos  cos3 sin  sin3
(ii) –
sin3 cos  – sin  cos3 cos3 sin  – cos  sin3
cos3 cos  sin  sin3 cos(3 –  )
– = = cot 2
sin(2 ) – sin 2 sin 2

sec 8A − 1 1 − cos8A cos 4A 2sin2 4A cos 4A sin8A sin 4A tan8A

(iii) =  =  = =
sec 4A − 1 1 − cos 4A cos8A 2
2sin 2A cos8A 2 sin 2
2A cos8A tan 2A
cos A + sin A cos A − sin A 4 sin A cos A 2sin2A
(iv) – = = = 2 tan 2A
cos A − sin A cos A + sin A 2
cos A – sin A2
cos 2A

sin3
C-10. Prove that sin  = and hence deduce the value of sin 15°.
1 + 2cos 2
3 −1
Ans.
2 2
sin3 3 sin  − 4 sin3  sin (3 − 4 sin2 )
Sol. = = = sin  . Now put  = 15º
1 + 2cos 2 1 + 2(1 − 2sin2 ) 3 − 4 sin2 

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C-11. Prove that 4(cos3 20° + cos3 40°) = 3(cos 20° + cos 40°)
Sol. LHS = 4 (cos 20° + cos 40°) (cos2 20° + cos2 40° – cos 20° cos 40°)
 1 + cos 40 1 + cos80 1 
= 4 (cos 20° + cos 40°)  + – (cos60 + cos20) 
 2 2 2 
4 1
= (cos 20° + cos 40°) (2 + cos 80° + cos 40° – – cos 20°)
2 2
1
= 2 (cos 20° + cos 40°) (2 + 2 cos 60° cos20° – – cos 20°)
2
1
= 2 (cos 20° + cos 40°) (2 + cos 20° – – cos 20°)
2
3
=2× (cos 20° + cos 40°) = 3 (cos 20° + cos 40°) = RHS
2
C-12. Prove that :
tan3x 2cos 2x + 1 2sin x tan x
(i) = (ii) + =1
tan x 2cos 2x − 1 sin3x tan3x

 1– cos 2x 
3– 
tan3x 3 tan x – tan3 x 3 – tan2 x 2
 1 + cos 2x  (cos2x = 1– tan x )
Sol. (i) LHS = = = =
tan x tan(1– 3 tan2 x) 1– 3 tan2 x  1– cos 2x  1 + tan2 x
1– 3  
 1 + cos 2x 
3 + 3cos 2x – 1 + cos 2x 2cos 2x + 1
= =
1 + cos 2x – 3 + 3cos 2x 2cos 2x – 1
2sin x tan x(1– 3 tan2 x)
(ii) +
sin x(3 – 4 sin2 x) tan x(3 – tan2 x)
2 cos2 x – 3 sin2 x 2 1– sin2 x – 3 sin2 x 2 + 1– 4 sin2 x
= + = + = =1
3 – 4 sin2 x 3cos2 x – sin2 x 3 – 4 sin2 x 3 – 3 sin2 x – sin2 x 3 – 4 sin2 x
C-13. Prove that :
tan  tan (600 + ) tan(600 – ) = tan 3 and hence deduce that tan 200 tan 400 tan 600 tan 800 = 3.

Sol. tan tan(60° + ) tan(60° – ) = tan 3

 3 + tan    3 – tan    3 – tan2   3 tan  – tan3 
LHS = tan     = tan  = tan3
 1– 3 tan2  
=
 1– 3 tan    1 + 3 tan   1– 3 tan2 
    
Put  = 20°  tan 20° tan80° tan 40° = tan60° =

C-14. Prove that :

(i) (cosec  – sin ) (sec  – cos ) (tan  + cot ) = 1
2sin  tan  (1 − tan ) + 2sin  sec 2  2 sin 
(ii) =
(1 + tan )2 (1 + tan )
1 − sin A
(iii) = ± (sec A – tan A)
1 + sin A
cos A cos ecA − sin A sec A
(iv) = cosec A – sec A
cos A + sin A
1 1 1 1
(v) – = –
sec  − tan  cos  cos  sec  + tan 
cos3 A + sin3 A cos3 A − sin3 A
(vi) + =2
cos A + sin A cos A − sin A

Sol. (i) L.H.S = (cosec  – sin ) (sec  – cos ) (tan  + cot )

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  1– sin2    1– cos2    sin2  + cos2   sin2  · cos2 
= 
 sin       = = 1 = RHS
   cos    sin  cos   sin2  · cos2 
2sin  tan  (1 − tan ) + 2sin  sec 2 
(ii) LHS =
(1 + tan )2
2sin  tan  + 2sin  (sec 2  − tan2 ) 2 sin  (1 + tan ) 2 sin 
= = = = RHS
(1 + tan ) 2 2
(1 + tan ) 1 + tan 
1– sin A 1– sin A (1– sin A) 1– sin A
(iii) LHS = =  =
1 + sin A 1 + sin A (1– sin A) | cos A |
=  (secA – tanA) = RHS.
cos A cos ecA − sin A sec A cos2 A – sin2 A cos A – sin A
(iv) = =
cos A + sin A sin A cos A(cos A + sin A) cos A sin A
1 1 cos  1 cos2  – 1 + sin  sin  – sin2  sin 
(v) – = – = = =
sec  – tan  cos  1– sin  cos  (1– sin  )cos  (1– sin )cos  cos 
1 cos  sin  + 1– cos2  sin (1 + sin  ) sin 
Now taking RHS – = = =
cos  sin  + 1 (1 + sin  )cos  (1 + sin  )cos  cos 
cos3 A + sin3 A cos3 – sin3 A
(vi) +
cos A + sin A cos A – sin A
cos2 A + sin2A – sinA cosA + cos2A + sin2 A + sin A cosA = 2

Section (D) : Conditional Identities & Trigonometric Series

D-1. For all values of  ,  prove that,

+ + +
cos  + cos  + cos  + cos ( +  + ) = 4 cos . cos . cos .
2 2 2

2  ++ +
Sol. LHS = cos + cos + 2 cos   cos  
 2   2 
+  – + 
= 2 cos   cos   + cos  +  
 2    2   2 
+  –  +  +  + 2    –  –  –  – 2  
= 4 cos   cos   cos  
 2   4   4 
+ + +
= 4 cos   cos  2  cos  2  = RHS
 2     


D-2. If x + y + z = show that, sin 2x + sin 2y + sin 2z = 4cosx cosy cosz.
2
   
Sol. LHS = 2sin  – z  cos (x – y) + 2 sin z cos z ; x + y =  – z 
2  2 

 2 cos z {cos(x – y) + cos(x + y)} ( z = – (x + y))
2
= 2 cos z × 2cosx cosy = 4 cos x cos y cos z

D-3. If x + y =  + z, then prove that sin2x + sin2y – sin2z = 2 sin x sin y cos z.

Sol. LHS = sin2x + sin (y + z) sin(y – z) = sin2x + sin(y+z) sin( – x) = sinx [sin( – (y –z)) + sin(y + z)]
= sinx . 2 siny cos z = 2 sinx siny cosz

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D-4. If A + B + C = 2S then prove that
A B C
cos (S – A) + cos(S – B) + cos (S – C) + cos S = 4 cos cos cos
2 2 2

Sol. cos (S – A) + cos (S – B) + cos (S – C) + cos S

 2S − A − B  B− A   2S − C   −C 
= 2 cos   cos  2  + 2 cos  2  cos  2 
 2       
C B− A   A +B C C  A B
= 2 cos   cos   + 2 cos  2  cos 2 = 2 cos 2  2cos 2 cos 2 
2
   2     

D-5. If A + B + C = 0° then prove that sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C = – 4 sin A sin B sin C
Sol. LHS = 2sin(A + B) cos(A – B) + 2 sin C cos C ( A + B = – C)
= 2sinC {– cos(A – B) + cos(A + B)} = 2sinC { 2 sinA sin (– B)} = – 4 sinA sinB sinC

D-6. If  is the exterior angle of a regular polygon of n sides and  is any constant, then prove that
sin  + sin ( + ) + sin ( +2) + ............ up to n terms = 0
n
sin
Sol. LHS = sin  + sin ( + ) + sin ( +2) + ............ + sin( + (n –1) ) = 2 . sin  2 + (n − 1)  
  2 
sin  
2
2
 = (External angle of regular polygon)
n
n  (n − 1)2 
sin ( 2 / n )  2 + 
So LHS = 2 sin  n
 = 0 = RHS
sin (  / n )  2 
 
n sinn cos(n + 1)
D-7. Prove that sin2  + sin2 2 + sin2 3 + ....... + sin2 n = –
2 2 sin 
 1 − cos 2   1 − cos 4   1 − cos 2n 
Sol. LHS = sin2  + sin2 2 + sin2 3 + ....... + sin2 n = 
2 + 2  + .............. +  2 
     
n 1
= − [(cos2 + cos4 + cos6 + ........+ cos 2n)]
2 2
 n(2) 
sin
n 1  2  2 + 2n   n 1  sinn  . cos(n + 1) 
= −  . cos   = 2 − 2   = RHS
2 2  2  2    sin  
sin
 2 

D-8. Prove that :

2 4 6 1
(i) cos cos cos =
7 7 7 8
 2 3 4 5 1
(ii) cos cos cos cos cos =
11 11 11 11 11 32

sin2n A
Sol. (i) By using Series formulae cos A cos2A cos22 A cos23 A..........cos2n−1 A =
2n sin A
8
sin
2 4 6  2 4 7 = 1 = RHS
LHS = cos cos cos = – cos cos cos =–
7 7 7 7 7 7  8
23.sin
7
 2 3 4 5
(ii) LHS = cos cos cos . cos . cos
11 11 11 11 11

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 32  
sin  3 − 
sin
 2 4 8 16 11 =  11  1
= cos cos cos cos cos = = = RHS
11 11 11 11 11 5   32
2 .sin 32.sin
11 11

Section (E) : Range of Trigonometric Expressions

 2   2 
E-1. Find the extreme values of cos x cos  + x  cos  − x
 3   3 
1 1
Ans. – ,
4 4
 2   2 
Sol. Let y = cosx .cos  + x  cos  − x
 3   3 
1  4  1  −1 + 2cos 2x 
y= cos x cos + cos2x   y= cos x  
2  3  2  2 
1 1
y= 2cos 2x cos x − cos x   y= [cos 3x + cos x – cosx]
4 4
1
y= cos 3x   –1  cos 3x  1
4
1 1
ymin = – and ymax =
4 4

E-2. Find the maximum and minimum values of following trigonometric functions
 
(i) cos 2x + cos2x (ii) cos2  + x  + (sinx – cos x)2
4 

Ans. (i) 2, –1 (ii) 3, 0

Sol. (i) y = cos 2x + cos2x  y = 3 cos2x – 1  0  cos2 x  1
ymax = 3 – 1 = 2  ymin = 0 – 1 = – 1
      
(ii) y = cos2  + x  + (sinx – cosx)2 = cos2  + x  + 2  cos2  + x  
4  4   4 
 
y = 3 cos2  + x  0  cos2  1  ymax = 3.1 = 3  ymin = 0
4 

E-3. Find the greatest and least value of y

 
(i) y = 10 cos²x − 6 sin x cos x + 2 sin²x (ii) y = 3 cos   +  + 5 cos  + 3
 3 

Ans. (i) ymax = 11; ymin = 1 (ii) ymax = 10; ymin = – 4

Sol. (i) y = 10 cos2x – 6 sinx cosx + 2 sin2x = 5 (1 + cos 2x) – 3 sin 2x + 1 – cos 2x
= 4 cos 2x – 3 sin 2x + 6 – a2 + b2  a cos + b sin  a2 + b2
ymax = 5 + 6 = 11  ymin = – 5 + 6 = 1

  1 3
(ii) y = 3 cos   +  + 5 cos + 3  y = 3 cos . –3 sin + 5 cos + 3
 3 2 2
3 3 3 13 3 3
y= cos  – sin  + 5 cos + 3  y= cos  – sin + 3
2 2 2 2
169 27 169 27
ymax = + + 3 = 7 + 3 = 10  ymin = – + +3 =– 7+3=–4
4 4 4 4

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Section (F) : Trigonometric Equations

F-1. What are the most general values of  which satisfy the equations :
1
(i) sin = (ii) tan (x – 1) = 3
2
2
(iii) tan = – 1 (iv) cosec = .
3
(v) 2cot2 = cosec2
 
Ans. (i) n + (– 1)n , n   (ii) n + + 1, n  
4 3
  
(iii) n – , n   (iv) n + (– 1)n , n   (v) n ± ,n
4 3 4
Sol. Obvious
F-2. Solve
(i) sin9 = sin
(ii) cot + tan = 2cosec
(iii) sin2 = cos3
(iv) cot = tan8
(v) cot – tan = 2.
(vi) cosec = cot + 3
(vii) tan2 tan = 1
(viii) tan + tan2 + 3 tan tan2 = 3 .
m (2m + 1)
Ans. (i) ,m or , m
4 10

(ii) 2n ± , n
3
 1  
(iii)  2n + 2  5 , n   or 2n – , n  
2
 
 1 
(iv) n + 2  9 , n  
 
 1 
(v) n + 4  2 , n  
 
2
(vi) 2n + ,n
3

(vii) n ±
6
 1 
(viii) n + 3  3 , n  
 
Sol. (i) sin 9 = sin   sin 9 – sin  = 0  2 cos 5 sin 4 = 0  cos 5 = 0 or
  m
sin 4 = 0  5 = (2n + 1) or 4 = m   = (2n + 1) or  = .
2 10 4
cos  sin  2
(ii) cot + tan = 2cosec  + =
sin  cos  sin 
cos2  + sin2  2 
 =  1 = 2cos   = 2n 
sin  cos  sin  3

   
(iii) sin 2 = cos 3  cos  − 2  = cos 3  – 2 = 2n ± 3  – 2 ± 3 = 2n
2  2 2

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 
− 2n
 2   1 
  = 2n – ,   = 2n – , − 2n 
2 5 2 5  2 
   
(iv) cot = tan8  tan8 = tan  −    8 = n + −    = (2n + 1)
 2  2 18

(v) cot  – tan  = 2

cos  − sin2 
2
 n    1
=2 2 cot 2 = 2  2 = n + = + = n+ 
sin  cos  4 2 8 2  4
(vi) cosec = cot + 3
1 cos     
 − = 3  1 − cos  = 3 sin   2sin2 = 3  2sin cos 
sin  sin  2  2 2
    
 sin = 0 or tan = 3  = n or = n +
2 2 2 2 3
2
  = 2n or  = 2n +
3
But for  = 2n , cosec is not defined
2
  = 2n +
3
(vii) tan 2 tan  = 1  sin 2 sin  = cos 2 cos 
 
 0 = cos 3  3 = (2n + 1)   = (2n + 1) .
2 6
(viii) tan  + tan 2 + 3 tan  tan 2 = 3  tan  + tan 2 = 3 (1 – tan  tan 2)
tan  + tan 2   n 
 = 3  tan 3 = tan  3 = n + = +
1 − tan  tan 2 3 3 3 9

F-3. Solve
(i) sin + sin3 + sin5 = 0.
(ii) cos  + sin  = cos 2  + sin 2 .
(iii) cos2 x + cos2 2 x + cos2 3 x = 1 .
(iv) sin2n – sin2(n – 1) = sin2, where n is constant and n  0, 1

n  1
Ans. (i) , n   or  n   , n  
3  3
2n  
(ii) 2 n , n   or + , n
3 6
  
(iii) x = (2n + 1) , n   or x = (2n + 1) , n   or x = n  ± , n  
4 2 6
m  1 
(iv) m, m   or , m   or  m +  ,m
n −1  2  n
Sol. (i) sin  + sin 3 + sin 5 = 0  sin  + sin 5 + sin 3 = 0
1
2 sin 3 cos 2 + sin 3 = 0  sin 3 = 0 and cos 2 = –
2
n  1
=
3
,n, =  n  3  , n  
 
(ii) cos  + sin  = cos 2 + sin 2  cos  – cos 2 = sin 2 – sin 
3  3   3
 2 sin sin = 2 cos sin  sin = 0 or tan =1
2 2 2 2 2 2
 3  2n 
 = n or = n +   = 2n or  = +
2 2 4 3 6

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 1 + cos 2x 1 + cos 4x 1 + cos 6x
(iii) cos2 x + cos2 2 x + cos2 3 x = 1  + + =1
2 2 2
 cos2x + cos4x + cos6x = – 1  2cos4x cos2x = –2cos22x
 cos2x = 0 or cos4x + cos2x = 0

 2x = (2n +1) or 2cos3x cosx = 0
2
  
 x = (2n + 1) , (2n + 1) , (2n + 1)
4 6 2
 n 
Now x = (2n + 1) = + may also be written as
6 3 6
     
x = (3k + 1) + ,(3k + 2) + , (3k) +
3 6 3 6 3 6
 5   
= k + , k + , k + = (k + 1)  − , k +
2 6 6 6 6
  
( k + is same as (2n + 1) ) = m 
2 2 6
(iv) sin2n – sin2(n – 1) = sin2  sin(2n – 1) sin = sin2
 sin = 0 or sin (2n – 1) = sin   = m , sin(2n – 1) – sin = 0
(2n − 2)    1 
 2cosn sin  = 0  n = (2p + 1) , (n − 1)  =    = m , , p + 
2 2 n −1  2 n
F-4. Solve
(i) tan2 – (1 + 3 ) tan + 3 = 0
(ii) 4 cos – 3 sec = 2 tan
   2 
(iii) tan x . tan  x +  . tan  x + = 3.
 3   3 
 
Ans. (i)n + ,n or n + , n  
3 4
 3 
(ii) n + (– 1)n , n   or n – (– 1)n ,n
10 10
n 
(iii) x= − , n
3 9
Sol. (i) tan2  – (1 + 3 ) tan  + 3 = 0
After factorization we get
 
 tan  = 1, 3   = n + , n + .
4 3
3 2 sin 
(ii) 4 cos  – 3 sec  = 2 tan   4 cos  – =  4 cos2  – 3 = 2 sin 
cos  cos 
 4 – 4 sin2  – 3 = 2 sin   4 sin2  + 2 sin  – 1 = 0

 sin  =
−2  4 + 16
=
−2  2 5
=
−1  5
 sin  =
(
− 5 +1
,
) 5 −1
= –cos 36º, sin 18º
8 8 4 4 4
 −3    3
= –sin 54º, sin 18º = sin   , sin   = n + (–1)n or n – (–1)n .
 10  10 10 10
   2   tan x + 3   tan x − 3 
(iii) tan x . tan  x +  . tan
3  x + 3  = 3  tan x    = 3
     1 − 3 tan x   1 + 3 tan x 
tan3 x − 3 tan x   
 2
= 3  − tan3x = tan  tan3x = tan  − 
1 − 3 tan x 3  3
 n 
 3x = n −  x= −
3 3 9

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F-5. Solve
(i) 3 sin – cos = 2
(ii) 5 sin + 2 cos = 5
 
Ans. (i) n + + (– 1)n , n  
6 4
 3
(ii) 2n + , n   or 2n + 2 where  = tan–1 ,n  
2 7
 3 1 
Sol. (i) 3 sin  – cos  = 2  2  sin  − cos   = 2
 2 2 
 
    1   
 2 sin   −  = 2  sin   −  = = sin – = n + (–1)n .
 6   6  2 4 6 4

5 2 5
(ii) 5 sin  + 2 cos  = 5  sin  + cos  =
29 29 29
5  
 sin  sin  + cos  cos  =  cos ( – ) = sin  = cos  −  
29  2 
    
  –  = 2n ±  −     = 2n ±  +    = 2n ± , 2n ± + 2
 2  2 2 2
  
  = 2n + , 2n – + 2 For  = 2n – + 2,
2 2 2
5 
   −1 5 −1 
 2 − 1 −1  3 
We have  = 2n + 2   −  = 2n + 2  tan − tan 1 = 2n + 2 tan–1   = 2n + 2 tan  
 4   2  5
 1 +  7
 2
 3
  = 2n + or 2n + 2 where tan–1 =
2 7

Section (G) : Trigonometric Inquations and Height & Distance

G-1. Solve tan2 x  1
  
Ans. x  n − ,n +  : n  I
 4 4 
  
Sol. tanx [–1, 1]  x  n − ,n +  : n  I
 4 4 

G-2. Solve 2sin2x – sinx – 1 > 0

 7 11 
Ans.  2n + 6 , 2n + 6 
 
Sol. (2sinx + 1)(sinx – 1) > 0
1
 sinx < –
2
 7 11 
 x  , 
 6 6 

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  7 11 
 2n + 6 , 2n + 6 
 
G-3. Solve 3 cot   1
Ans.   (n + /3, n + /2]
1
Sol. 3 cot   1 0  cot <    (n + /3, n + /2]
3

G-4. Two pillars of equal height stand on either side of a roadway which is 60 m wide. At a point in the
roadway between the pillars, the angle of elevation of the top of pillars are 60º and 30º. Then find height
of pillars -

Ans. 15 3 m

Sol.

h
In ABC = tan60º = 3
x
h= 3x
h 1
In CDE = tan30º =
60 − x 3
3 h = 60 – x  3x = 60 – x  x = 15 m  h = 15 3 meter

G-5. If the angles of elevation of the top of a tower from two points distance a and b from the base and in the
same straight line with it are complementary, then find the height of the tower :
Ans. ab

Sol.

h
In ABC tan  = ............ (i)
a

h
In ABD tan (90 – ) = .............(ii)
b

By equation (i) and (ii) tan .cot  = .

h h
 h2 = ab  h = ab
a b

G-6. From the top of a cliff 25 m high the angle of elevation of a tower is found to be equal to the angle of
depression of the foot of the tower. Then find height of the tower -
Ans. 50 m

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Sol.

25
In  ABC tan  =
x
h − 25 25 h − 25
In  ADE tan  = =
x x x
 h = 50 meter

PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

Section (A) : Measurement of Angles & Allied angles

A-1. cos (540° – ) – sin (630° – ) is equal to
(A*) 0 (B) 2 cos  (C) 2 sin  (D) sin  – cos 
Sol. cos (540º – ) – sin (630º – ) = – cos  + cos  = 0

A-2. The value of tan 1° tan 2° tan 3° ... tan 89° is

1
(A*) 1 (B) 0 (C)  (D)
2
Sol. tan 1° tan2° tan3° .... tan45° .... tan 87° tan88° tan 89°
= tan 1° tan2° tan3° .... tan45° ...... cot3° cot2° cot1° =1

2 4
A-3. If x = y cos = z cos , then xy + yz + zx is equal to
3 3
(A) – 1 (B*) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2
 1  1 x y z
Sol. x = y −  = z−   = = =  (say)
 2   2  − 1 2 2
 xy + yz + zx = – 22 + 42 – 22 = 0

3
A-4. If 0° < x < 90° & cosx = , then the value of
10
log10 sin x + log10 cos x + log10tan x is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C*) – 1 (D) 2

3
Sol. 0° < x < 90° & cos x =  log10 sin x + log10 cos x + log10 tan x
10
 1 
= log10 (sin x cos x tan x) = log10 (1 – cos2 x) = log10 (1 – 9/10) = log10   = – 1 Ans.
 10 

A-5. If tan + cot  = a then the value of tan4  + cot4  =

(A) a4 + 4a2 + 2 (B*) a4 − 4a2 + 2 (C) a4 − 4a2 − 2 (D) a4 − 2a2 + 2
Sol. tan + cot = a  tan  + cot  + 2 = a2
2 2

 tan  + cot  = (a – 2) – 2 = a4 – 4a2 + 2

4 4 2 2

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Section (B) : Graphs and Basic Identites (sin(A±B), cos(A±B), tan(A±B))

B-1. STATEMENT-1 : sin 2 > sin 3

 
STATEMENT-2 : If x, y   ,   , x < y, then sin x > sin y
2 
(A*) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is correct explanation for
STATEMENT-1
(B) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is true and STATEMENT-2 is not correct explanation
for STATEMENT-1
(C) STATEMENT-1 is true, STATEMENT-2 is false
(D) STATEMENT-1 is false, STATEMENT-2 is true

y-axis

Sol. sin2

sin3
 x-axis
2 3
2

B-2. If cosec – cot =  then cot is :

1 1  1 1  1  1 
(A)  +   (B*)  −   (C)  +   (D)  –  
2  2         
Sol. cosec – cot = 
1 1 1 
cosec + cot =  cot = − 
 2   

B-3. If a cos  + b sin  = 3 & a sin  − b cos  = 4 then a2 + b2 has the value =
(A*) 25 (B) 14 (C) 7 (D) 10
Sol. square & add a2 + b2 = 9 + 16 = 25

   3  3  7 
tan  x −  . cos  2 + x  − sin  2 − x 
 2      when simplified reduces to:
B-4.
   3 
cos  x − . tan  + x
 2   2 
(A) sin x cos x (B) − sin2 x (C) − sin x cos x (D*) sin2x
(– cot x)sin x + cos3 x – cos x
Sol. = (1 – cos2x) = sin2x
sin x(– cot x) – cos x

  3      
B-5. The expression 3 sin4  −   + sin4 (3 +  ) – 2 sin6  +   + sin6 (5 +  ) is equal to
  2    2  
(A) 0 (B*) 1 (C) 3 (D) sin 4 + sin 6
Sol. 3{cos4 + sin4} – 2{cos6 + sin6}
= 3{1 – 2 sin2  cos2} – 2 {1 × (cos4 + sin4 – sin2 cos2)}
= 3 – 6 sin2 cos2 – 2 {1 – 3 sin2  cos2} = 3 – 6 sin2 cos2 – 2 + 6 sin2 cos2 = 1

B-6. The value of the expression

   3   7   9 
 1 + cos 10   1 + cos 10   1 + cos 10   1 + cos 10  is
    
1 1 1
(A) (B*) (C) (D) 0
8 16 4

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     3   3      2    2 3 
Sol.  1 + cos 10   1 + cos 10   1– cos 10   1– cos 10  =  1– cos 10   1– cos 10 
         
2 2
 3  5 – 1 5 + 1  4  1
sin 2
. sin2 =  ·  =   =
10 10  4 4   16  16

sin24 cos6 − sin6 sin66

B-7. The value of is
sin21 cos 39 − cos51 sin69
(A*) −1 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 0

sin24º cos6º – sin6º cos24º sin(24º –6º ) sin18º

Sol. = = =–1
sin21º cos39º – sin39º cos21º sin(21º –39º ) sin(–18º )

B-8. If tan A and tan B are the roots of the quadratic equation x2 − ax + b = 0, then the value of sin2 (A + B).

a2 a2 a2 a2
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
a2 + (1− b)2 a2 + b2 (b + c)2 b2 (1 − a)2
a
Sol. tan A + tan B = a  tan A tan B = b  tan (A + B) =
1− b
2
 |a|  a2
 sin (A + B) = 
2  =
 a2 + (1 − b)2  a2 + (1 − b)2
 

B-9. If tan A – tan B = x and cot B – cot A = y, then cot (A – B) is equal to

1 1 1 1 1 1 1
(A) – (B) – (C*) + (D)
y x x y x y x+y
tan A – tanB
Sol. tanA – tanB = x  cotB – cotA = y  =y
tan A tanB
x
1+
x 1 1 + tan A tanB y 1 1
 tan A tanB = Now (vc) cot (A – B) = = = = +
y tan(A – B) tan A – tanB x x y

tan155 − tan115
B-10. If tan 25° = x, then is equal to
1 + tan155 tan115
1 − x2 1 + x2 1 + x2 1 − x2
(A*) (B) (C) (D)
2x 2x 1 − x2 1 + x2
1
− tan 25 +
tan(180 – 25) – tan(90 + 25) tan 25 1– x 2
Sol. = =
1 + (tan (180 – 25) tan(90 + 25) 2 2 x
 cot A   cot B 
B-11. If A + B = 225°, then the value of  .   is
 1 + cot A   1 + cot B 
1 1
(A) 2 (B*) (C) 3 (D) –
2 2
cot A cotB – 1
Sol.  cot (A + B) = cot 225° = 1  =1
cot A + cotB
 cot A cot B = 1 + cot A + cot B
cot A . cotB 1 + cot A + cotB 1
Now = =
1 + cot A + cotB + cot A cotB 2(1 + cot A + cotB) 2

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B-12. The value of tan 203° + tan 22° + tan 203° tan 22° is
(A) – 1 (B) 0 (C*) 1 (D) 2
Sol. 203° + 22° = 225°  tan (203° + 22°) = tan 225° = 1
tan203 + tan22
 = 1  tan 203° + tan22° + tan 203° . tan22° = 1
1– tan203 . tan22

Section (C) : sin2A – sin2B, Multiple angles upto 3A, 2sinA cosB, sinC – sinD
1 − tan2 15
C-1. The value of is
1 + tan2 15

3
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C*) (D) 2
2
1 − tan2 15º
Sol. = cos (2 × 15º) = cos 30º
1 + tan2 15º

C-2. If A lies in the third quadrant and 3 tan A – 4 = 0, then 5 sin 2A + 3sinA + 4 cosA is equal to
24 24 48
(A*) 0 (B) – (C) (D)
5 5 5
4
Sol. tanA =  A → IIIrd quadrant
3
5 sin 2A + 3 sinA + 4 cosA = 10 sinA cosA + 3 sinA + 4 cosA
= 10 sinA cosA + 3 sinA + 4 cosA = 0

C-3. If cos A = 3/4, then the value of 16cos2 (A/2) – 32 sin (A/2) sin (5A/2) is

(A) – 4 (B) – 3 (C*) 3 (D) 4

3 A A 5A 16(1 + cos A)
Sol. cosA =  16 cos2 – 32 sin sin = – 16 (cos 2A – cos 3A)
4 2 2 2 2
16(1 + cos A)  3  9 27 3
= – 16 {(2cos2 A–1) – (4 cos3 A – 3 cosA)} = 8  1 +  – 16 2  – 1– 4  + 3  = 3
2  4   16 64 4

C-4. If tan2  = 2 tan2  + 1, then the value of cos 2 + sin2  is

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) – 1 (D*) Independent of 

Sol. tan2 = 2 tan2  + 1 ... (i)

2
1– tan  1– 2 tan2  – 1 –2 tan2 
cos 2 + sin2  = + sin2
 = + sin 2
 = + sin2 
1 + tan2  1 + 2 tan2  + 1 2 (1 + tan2 )
= – sin2  + sin2  = 0. which is independent of 
 
C-5. If    ,  then the value of 1 + sin  − 1 − sin  is equal to:
2 
 
(A*) 2 cos (B) 2 sin (C) 2 (D) none of these
2 2

    
Sol.    ,    , 
2  2 4 2

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 2 2
         
1 + sin  – 1 − sin  =  sin + cos  –  sin − cos  = sin + cos – sin − cos
 2 2  2 2 2 2 2 2
          
= sin + cos – sin + cos = 2 cos  for  , , sin  cos 
2 2 2 2 2  2  4 2  2 2
1 1
C-6. The value of + is
cos 290 3 sin 250
2 3 4 3
(A) (B*) (C) 3 (D) none
3 3

1 1 1 1
Sol. + = –
cos (270º +20º ) 3 sin (270º −20º ) sin 20º 3 cos20º
 3 1 
2 cos 20º − sin20º 
 2 2 
=   = 4 sin(60º −20º ) = 4 sin 40º = 4 3 .
3 3 sin 40º 3 sin 40º 3
2 sin20º cos 20º
2

C-7. The value of tan 3A – tan 2A – tan A is equal to

(A*) tan 3A tan 2A tan A (B) – tan 3A tan 2A tan A
(C) tan A tan 2A – tan 2A tan 3A – tan 3A tan A (D) none of these

tan 2A + tan A
Sol. 3A = 2A + A  tan3A = tan(2A + A)  tan3A =
1– tan2A tan A
 tan3A – tanA tan 2A tan3A = tan2A + tanA
 tan3A – tan2A – tanA = tanA tan2A tan 3A

cos20 + 8 sin70 sin50 sin10

C-8. is equal to:
sin2 80
(A) 1 (B*) 2 (C) 3/4 (D) 0
cos 20 + 8 sin70 sin50 sin10 cos 20 + 4 {(cos 60 – cos80)sin50}
Sol. =
sin2 80 sin2 80
cos 20 + 2 (1– 2 cos80)sin50 cos 20 + 2 sin50 – 2 (sin130 − sin30)
= =
sin2 80 sin2 80
cos 20 + 2 sin50 – 2 sin (180 – 50) + 2 sin30 1 + cos 20
= = × 2 sin2 (80°) = cos2 10° = 2
sin2 80 1 + cos 20

C-9. The numerical value of sin 12° . sin48° . sin 54° is equal to
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D*)
2 4 16 8
1 1 1 1
Sol. = (2 sin 12° . sin48° . sin 54°) = [(cos 36° – cos 60°) sin 54°] = [sin2 54° – sin 54°]
2 2 2 2
1  ( 5 + 1)2 ( 5 + 1 1  5 + 1+ 2 5 ( 5 + 1)  1 1
= 2 –  =  –  = [6 + 2 5 – 2 5 – 2] =
4  16 4  4  8 4  32 8

C-10. If A = tan 6° tan 42° and B = cot 66° cot 78°, then
1
(A) A = 2B (B) A = B (C*) A = B (D) 3A = 2B
3
A
Sol. A = tan 6° tan 42° ; B = cot 66° cot 78°  = tan 6° tan 42° tan 66° tan 78°
B

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 A tan 6 tan (60 – 6) tan (60 + 6)
 = . tan 78° tan 42°
B tan 54
A tan 18 . tan (60 – 18) tan (60 + 18) tan 54 A
 = =  =1A=B
B tan 54 tan 54 B

Section (D) : Conditional Identities & Trigonometric Series

D-1. In a triangle tan A + tan B + tan C = 6 and tan A tan B = 2, then the values of tan A, tan B and tan C are
respectively
(A*) 1, 2, 3 (B) 2, 3, 1 (C) 1, 2, 0 (D) none of these

Sol. tan A + tan B + tan C = 6, tan A tan B = 2

In any  ABC,
tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A tan B tan C
 6 = 2 tan C  tan C = 3
 tan A + tan B + 3 = 6
 tan A + tan B = 3 & tan A tan B = 2
Now (tan A – tan B)2 = (tan A + tan B)2 – 4tan A tan B
=9 – 8
=1
 tan A – tan B = ± 1
 tan A – tan B = 1 or tan A – tan B = – 1
tan A + tan B = 3 tan A + tan B = 3
on solving on solving
tan A = 2 tan A = 1
tan B =1 tan B = 2

D-2. tan  + 2 tan 2 + 4 tan 4 + 8 cot 8  =

(A) tan  (B*) cot  (C) cot 16 (D) 16 cot 
Sol. Add & subtract cot .
(tan  – cot) + 2 tan 2 + 4 tan 4 + 8 cot 8 + cot
= – 2 cot2  + 2 tan 2 + 4 tan4 + 8 cot 8 + cot
= – 4 cot4  + 4 tan 4 + 8 cot 8 + cot
= – 8 cot 8 + 8 cot 8 + cot  = cot

 2 3 4 5 6
D-3. The value of cos 0 + cos + cos + cos + cos + cos + cos is
7 7 7 7 7 7
(A) 1/2 (B) − 1/2 (C) 0 (D*) 1
 2 3 3 2 
Sol. 1 + cos + cos + cos – cos – cos – cos =1
7 7 7 7 7 7
 2 4 8 16
D-4. The value of cos cos cos cos cos is :
10 10 10 10 10
10 + 2 5 cos (  /10 ) cos (  /10 ) 10 + 2 5
(A) (B*) – (C) (D) –
64 16 16 16
 2 4 8 16
Sol. cos cos cos cos cos
10 10 10 10 10
 32  2   
sin 25 sin  3 +
10 
sin 2 sin cos
10 1 10 1  1 10 10 1 
= = = =– · =– cos
 32  32    32  16 10
25 sin sin sin   sin
10 10  10  10
1
=– 10 + 2 5
64

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  3 5 17
D-5. The value of cos + cos + cos +...... + cos is equal to :
19 19 19 19
(A*) 1/2 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2
 3 5 17  2
Sol. cos + cos + cos +...... + cos here A= ,D= ,n=9
19 19 19 19 19 19
 cos A + cos (A + D) + cos(A + 2D) + ...... + cos (A + (n – 1)D)
 nD     17  9
sin 
 2 
  2A + (n − 1)D 
sin9 
19  19 + 19  sin 19 9
= . cos   = × cos  =  cos
sin
D  2  sin
  2  sin  19
2 19   19
 18  
sin   1 sin
1  19 = 19 = 1
= . . Ans.
2  2  2
sin sin
19 19

Section (E) : Range of Trigonometric Expressions

E-1. If f() = sin4  + cos2 , then range of f() is
1  1 3 3 
(A)  , 1 (B)  ,  (C*)  , 1 (D) None of these
 2  2 4  4 

Sol. f() = sin4 + cos2 = sin2 (1 – cos2) + cos2 = sin2 + cos2 – sin2 cos2
1
f() = 1 – sin22  0  sin22   1
4
1 3 
f()max = 1  f()min = 1 – = 3/4  Range is  , 1
4 4 

E-2. Range of function f(x) = cos2x + 4sec2x is

(A) [4, ) (B) [0, ) (C*) [5, ) (D) (0, )
Sol. cos2x + sec2x + 3sec2x
2+3
5

E-3. The difference between maximum and minimum value of the expression y = 1 + 2 sin x + 3 cos2 x is
16 13
(A*) (B) (C) 7 (D) 8
3 3
Sol. y = 1 + 2 sinx + 3 cos2x  y = 1 + 2sinx + 3 – 3 sin2 x
2 1 1
y = 1 – (3 sin2x – 2 sinx – 3)  y = 1 – 3 (sin2x – sinx + – – 1)
3 9 9
 1
2
10  
2
1  13
y = 1 – 3  sin x –  –  = – 3  sin x –  +
 3 9  3 3

13  16  13
ymax = , ymin = – 3   + =–1
3  9  3

E-4. The maximum value of 12 sin  – 9 sin2  is -

(A) 3 (B*) 4 (C) 5 (D) None of these

Sol. 12 sin  – 9 sin2 = 4 – (3 sin  – 2)2

2
whose maximum value is 4 when sin =
3
E-5. The greatest and least value of y = 10 cos²x − 6 sin x cos x + 2 sin²x are respectively
(A*) 11, 1 (B) 10, 2 (C) 12, – 4 (D) 11, – 1

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Sol. y = 10 cos2x – 6 sin cosx + 2 sin2x
= 5 (1 + cos 2x) – 3 sin 2x + 1 – cos 2x
= 4 cos 2x – 3 sin 2x + 6  a2 + b2 –  a cos + b sin  a2 + b2
ymax = 5 + 6 = 11
ymin = – 5 + 6 = 1

Section (F) : Trigonometric Equations

F-1. The solution set of the equation 4sin.cos – 2cos – 2 3 sin + 3 = 0 in the interval (0, 2) is
 3 7    5   3  5    5 11 
(A)  ,  (B)  ,  (C)  , , ,  (D*)  , , 
4 4  3 3  4 3 3  6 6 6 
Sol. 4sin.cos – 2cos – 2 3 sin + 3 = 0  2cos (2sin –1) – 3 (2sin –1) = 0
1 3  5 11
 (2sin –1) (2cos – 3 ) = 0  sin = , cos  =  = , ,
2 2 6 6 6

F-2. All solutions of the equation 2 sin + tan = 0 are obtained by taking all integral values of m and n in:
2 2
(A) 2n + ,n (B*) n or 2m  ± where n, m  
3 3
 
(C) n or m  ± where n, m   (D) n or 2m  ± where n, m  
3 3

1 1 1
Sol. 2 sin  + tan  = 0  sin  = 0 or 2 + = 0   = n or 2 = –  cos  = −
cos  cos  2
2
  = 2n ± .
3

F-3. Total number of solutions of equation sinx . tan4x = cosx belonging to (–, 2) are :

(A) 4 (B) 7 (C) 8 (D*) 15

Sol. sin x . tan 4x = cos x  sin x sin 4x = cos x cos 4x
 cos 5x = 0  five solutions.

 
F-4. If x  0 ,  , the number of solutions of the equation sin 7x + sin 4x + sin x = 0 is:
 2
(A) 3 (B*) 5 (C) 6 (D) 4
Sol. sin 7x + sin 4x + sin x = 0  2 sin 4x cos 3x + sin 4x = 0
1 2
 sin 4x = 0 or cos 3x = −  4x = n or 3x = 2n ±
2 3
n 2n 2   2 4 
x= ,  = 0, , , , .
4 3 9 4 2 9 9

F-5. The general solution of equation sinx + sin5x = sin2x + sin4x is :

n n n 2 n
(A) ; n (B) ;n (C*) ;n (D) ;n
2 5 3 3
Sol. sinx + sin5x = sin2x + sin4x  2sin 3x cos 2x = 2 sin 3x cos x
sin 3x = 0 or cos2x = cosx  3x = n or 2x = 2n±x

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 n 2n n
 x= , 2n ,  x= (It includes all three possible)
3 3 3

F-6. The general solution of the equation 2cos2x = 3.2cos 2x − 4 is

(A) x = 2n, n   (B*) x = n , n  
(C) x = n , n   (D) x = n, n  
Sol. 2 cos 2x = 6 cos2 x – 4  2 (2 cos2 x – 1) = 6 cos2 x – 4  2 cos2 x = 2  cos2 x = 1  x = n.

F-7. If 2 cos2 ( + x) + 3 sin ( + x) vanishes then the values of x lying in the interval from 0 to 2 are
(A*) x = /6 or 5/6 (B) x = /3 or 5/3 (C) x = /4 or 5/4 (D) x = /2 or 5/2

Sol. 2 cos2 ( + x) + 3 sin ( + x) = 0  2 cos2 x – 3 sin x = 0  2 – 2 sin2 x – 3 sin x = 0

1 1  5
 2 sin2 x + 3 sin x – 2 = 0  sin x = –2,  sin x = x= ,
2 2 6 6

cos 3 1
F-8. = if
2 cos 2 − 1 2
 
(A)  = n + ,n (B*)  = 2n ,n
3 3
 
(C)  = 2n ± , n   (D)  = n + ,n
6 6
cos 3 1
Sol. =
2 cos 2 − 1 2
 2(4 cos3 – 3 cos ) = 2 (2 cos2 – 1) – 1  8 cos3 – 4 cos2 – 6 cos  + 3 = 0
1 3
 (4 cos2 – 3) (2 cos  – 1) = 0  cos  = , 
2 2
3
But when cos  =  then 2 cos 2 – 1 = 0
2
1 
 rejecting this value, cos  = is valid only   = 2n ± , n  
2 3
F-9. If cos 2 + 3 cos  = 0, then
 17 − 3   − 17 − 3 
(A*)  = 2n ±  where  = cos–1   (B)  = 2n ±  where  = cos–1  
 4 4
   
  17 − 3   17 + 3 
(C)  = 2n ±  where  = cos–1   (D)  = 2n ±  where  = cos–1  
 4  4
   

3 9+8 −3  17
Sol. cos 2 + 3 cos  = 0  2 cos2  + 3 cos  – 1 = 0  cos  = =
4 4
−3 + 17
As –1  cos   1  cos  = only
4
17 − 3
  = 2n ±  where cos  =
4

F-10. If sin  + 7 cos  = 5, then tan (/2) is a root of the equation

(A) x2 − 6x + 1 = 0 (B*) 6x2 − x − 1 = 0 (C) 6x2 + x + 1 = 0 (D) x2 − x + 6 = 0

Sol. sin  + 7 cos  = 5 

2t
+
(
7 1− t 2
) =5 
where t = tan  
2 2
1+ t 1+ t 2

 2t + 7 – 7t2 = 5 + 5t2  tan is root of 12 t2 – 2t – 2 = 0 or 6t2 – t – 1 = 0.
2

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 1
F-11. The most general solution of tan = – 1 and cos = is :
2
7 7 7 3
(A) n + ,n (B) n + (– 1)n ,n (C*) 2n  + ,n (D) 2n  + ,n
4 4 4 4
3 7
Sol. tan = –1  = , in [0, 2]
4 4
1  7
cos =  = , in [0, 2]
2 4 4
7 7
common value is x = general solution is 2n + , n  I.
4 4
1
F-12. A triangle ABC is such that sin(2A + B) = . If A, B, C are in A.P. then the angle A, B, C are
2
respectively.
5     5   5  5 
(A) , , (B*) , , (C) , , (D) , ,
12 4 3 4 3 12 3 4 12 3 12 4
1
Sol. sin (2A + B) =  2A + B = 30º or 150º
2
A,B,C are in AP  B = 60º
 2A = – 30º or 90º  2A = 90º  A = 45º
 C = 180º – A – B = 75º

Section (G) : Trigonometric Inquations and Height & Distance

G-1. The complete solution of inequality sec23x < 2 is
 n  n    n  n  
(A*) x   – , +  ,n (B) x   – , + , n 
 3 12 3 12   3 12 3 6 
     n  n  
(C) x   n – ,n +  ,n (D) x   – , + , n  
 12 12   3 6 3 6
Sol. tan23x < 1
– 1< tan3x < 1
 
n – < 3x < + n
4 4
 n  n  
x  – , + 
 3 12 3 12 

G-2. The complete solution of inequality 2cos2x – 7 cosx + 3 < 0 is

   
(A) n – < x < + n (B) 2n – < x < + 2n
3 3 6 6
   
(C*) 2n – < x < + 2n (D) n – < x < + n
3 3 6 6
Sol. (cosx – 3) (2cos – 1) < 0
2cosx – 1 > 6
1
cosx >
2
 
2n – < x < + 2n
3 3

G-3. The complete solution of inequality cos 2x  cos x is

    2 2 
(A) x  2n – , 2n +  (B*) x  2n – , 2n +
 3 3   3 3 

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  2   2 
(C) x  2n, 2n +  (D) x  2n – , 2n 
 3   3 
Sol. cos 2x  cos x  2 cos x – cos x – 1  0
2
 2 cos x – 2 cos x + cos x – 1  0
2

 2 cos x (cos x – 1) + 1(cos x – 1)  0  (cos x – 1) (2 cos x + 1)  0

 1   2 2   2 2 
 cos x   − , 1  x  − ,  General soltution is x  2n − , 2n + .
 2   3 3   3 3 

G-4. Which of the following set of values of x satisfy the inequation tan 2x – (1 + 3 ) tan x + 3<0

 ( 4n + 1)  ( 3n + 1)    ( 2n + 1)  ( 2n + 1)  
(A*)  ,  , (n  Z) (B)  ,  , (n  Z)
 4 3   4 3 
   
 ( 4n + 1)  ( 4n + 1)     
(C)  ,  , (n  Z) (D) x   , 
 4 3   4 2
 

Sol. tan2 x – tan x – 3 tan x + 3 <0

tan x(tan x – 1) – 3 (tan x – 1) < 0  (tan x – 1) (tan x – 3)<0
 tan x  1, ( 3 )
 
x  , 
4 3
  
 general solution is x   n + , n +  , n  
 4 3 

G-5. A tree 12 m high, is broken by the wind in such a way that its top touches the ground and makes an
angle 60º with the ground. The height from the bottom of the tree from where it is broken by the wind is
appoximately

(A*) 5.57 m (B) 5.21 (C) 5.36 (D) 5.9

x 3 x
Sol. sin 60º =  =  12 3 – 3 x = 2x
12 − x 2 12 − x
12 3 2− 3
x (2 + 3 ) = 12 3  x = x  x = 12 (2 3 – 3)
2+ 3 2− 3
x = 12 (2 × 1.732 – 3)  x = 12 × 0.464  x = 5.568 m

G-6. AB is a vertical pole and C is the middle point. The end A is on the level ground and P is any point on
the level ground other than A. The portion CB subtends an angle  at P. If AP : AB = 2 : 1, then  is
equal to-
 1 4 5 2
(A) tan–1   (B) tan–1   (C) tan–1   (D*) tan–1  
9 9 9 9
AP 2 K
Sol. =  AP = 2K , AB = K, AC =
AB 1 2
AB 1 AC 1
tan ( + ) = = , tan  = =
AP 2 AP 4

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 1
+ tan 
tan  + tan    1 + 4 tan 
tan ( + ) =  = 4  =
1 − tan  tan  2 1 2 4 − tan 
1 − tan 
4
2 2
  − tan  =2 + 8 tan   tan  =   = tan–1  
9 9

G-7. A round ballon of radius r subtends an angle  at the eye of the observer, while the angle of elevation
of its centre is . The height of the centre of ballon is-

   
(A) r cosec  sin (B) r sin  cosec (C) r sin cosec  (D*) r cosec sin 
2 2 2 2
Sol. Let height of centre of balloon is OA = h and P is eye of observer men h = OP sin 


OP = r cosec
2

 h = r sin  cosec
2

G-8. If the angle of elevation of a cloud from a point 200 m above a lake is 30º and the angle of depression
of its reflection in the lake is 60º, then the height of the cloud above the lake, is
(A) 200 m (B) 500 m (C) 30 m (D*) 400 m

Sol.

h − 200
In BCD = tan30º
x
h + 200 h − 200 1
In BDF = tan 60º  =  h = 400 meter
x h + 200 3

G-9. A man on the top of a vertical tower observes a car moving at a uniform speed coming directly towards
it. If it takes 12 minutes for the angle of depression to change from 30º to 45º, then the car will reach
the tower in
(A) 17 minutes 23 seconds (B*) 16 minutes 23 seconds
(C) 16 minutes 18 seconds (D) 18 minutes 22 seconds

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Sol.

h h y+x x
tan45º = , tan30º =  3=   = 3 –1
y y+x y y
x
speed = m/min
12
 3 + 1 y y
y=  = 6 ( 3 + 1) min.
 2 
x. Now taken to cover distance CA = = 12
   x  x
 12 
 
Total time taken by car to reach to tower = 6 (1.732 + 1) = 6 5 2.732 = 16.392 min.
= 16 min + 0.392 × 60 second = 16 min 23.520 second = 16 min 23 second

PART - III : MATCH THE COLUMN

1. Column - I Column - II

(A) tan 9° − tan 27° − tan 63° + tan 81° (p) 1

(B) cosec 10° – 3 sec 10° (q) 2
 sec 5 cos 40 
(C) 2 2 sin10  + – 2 sin 35 (r) 3
 2 sin 5 
(D) 3 (cot 70º + 4 cos 70º) (s) 4
Ans. (A) → (s), (B) → (s), (C) → (s), (D) → (r)
Sol. (i)
tan9° – tan27° – tan 63° + tan81° = (tan 9º + tan81º) – (tan 27º + tan 63º)
sin90º sin90º 2 2
= – = –
cos9º cos81º cos27º cos63º 2sin9º cos9º 2sin27º cos27º
2 2 2 2 8 ( 5 + 1– 5 + 1)
= – = – = =4
sin18º sin54º 5 –1 5 +1 4
4 4
1 3  1 2
(ii) cosec 10° – 3 sec10° = 2  cos10 – sin10  ×  =4
2 2  sin10º cos10º 2
 
 sec 5 cos 40 
(iii) 2 2 sin 10°  + – 2sin35 
 2 sin5  
 2sin5º cos5º sec 5º 2sin5º cos5º cos 40º 
= 2 2  + – 2sin35º sin10º 
 2 sin5º 
= 2 2 (sin5º + 2cos45º + cos 35º – cos 25º) = 2 2 (sin5º + 2cos45º + 2sin 30º sin (– 5º))
= 2 2 ( 2) = 4
cos70 cos70º +4cos70º sin70º cos70º +2sin140º
(iv) cot 70° + 4 cos 70° = + 4cos70º = =
sin70 sin70º sin70º
(cos70º + sin140º ) + sin140º (sin20º + sin140º ) + sin140º
= =
sin70º sin70º

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 2sin80º  cos 60º + sin140º 2sin120º  cos 20º 3
= = =2× = 3
sin70º sin70º 2

2. Column –  Column – 
1
(A) If for some real x, the equation x + = 2 cos  holds, (p) 2
x
then cos  is equal to

(B) If sin  + cosec  = 2, then sin2008  + cosec2008 is equal to (q) 1

(C) Maximum value of sin4 + cos4 is (r) 0

(D) Least value of 2 sin2 + 3 cos2 is (s) –1

Ans. (A) → (q, s), (B) → (p), (C) → (q), (D) → (p)

1
Sol. (A) By using A.M.  G.M.  x+ = 2 cos   2 or  – 2
x
 cos  = 1 or –1
(B) sin  + cosec  = 2  By using A.M.  G.M.
1
 sin  +  2 or  – 2
sin 
1
but given that sin  + cosec  = 2  sin  + =2
sin 
which is possible only when sin  = 1 sin  = 1
1
 sin2008  + cosec2008 = sin2008  + 2008
=1+1=2
sin 
1
(C) sin4 + cos4 = (sin2 + cos2)2 – 2 sin2  cos2  = 1– sin2 2
2
1 1
 0  sin2 2  1   1– sin2 2  1
2 2
 maximum value = 1
(D) 2 sin  + 3 cos2 = 2 sin2 + 3 – 3 sin2  = 3 – sin2 
2

 0  sin2   1  2  3 – sin2   3 least value = 2

3. Column –  Column – 

(A) Number of solutions of sin2 + 3 cos  = 3 (p) 0

in [– , ]

(B) Number of solutions of sin x . tan 4x = cos x (q) 1

in (0, )

(C) Number of solutions of equation (r) 4

2
   
(1 – tan ) (1 + tan ) sec2 + 2tan = 0 where    − ,
 2 2 
(D) If [sin x] + [ 2 cosx] = – 3, where x  [0, 2] (s) 5
then [sin 2x] equals (Here [.] denotes G.I.F.)

Ans. (A) → (q), (B) → (s), (C) → (r), (D) → (p)

Sol. (A) sin2 + 3 cos  = 3  1 – cos2 + 3cos = 3  cos2 – 3cos + 2 = 0  cos = 1, 2
 cos = 1 ( cos  2)   = 0 in [–, ] No. of solution = 1

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 sin 4x
(B) sin x . tan 4x = cos x  sin x. = cos x
cos 4x
 sin4x sinx – cos4x cosx = 0  cos5x = 0
 5x = (2n + 1) /2  x = (2n + 1) /10
 3 5 7 9
x= , , , , in (0, )
10 10 10 10 10
So there are five solutions.

2

(C) (1 – tan2 ) sec2 + 2tan =0
2
tan 
 (1 – tan ) + 2
4
=0
 (1 – x2) + 2x = 0 where x = tan2
 2x = x2 – 1  x = 3
from graph number of solutions = 4
(D) [sin x] + [ 2 cosx] = – 3  [sin x] = – 1 and [cosx] = – 2
1
  < x < 2 and –2  2 cos x  −1  –2  cos x  −
2
1 5 5
 –1  cos x  −  x for x  [0, 2] ;   x  , x  [0,2]
2 4 4
5 5
 x  2  2x   0 < sin 2x < 1  [sin2x] = 0
4 2

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