Chapter 10

Achievements of Quaid e azam Before partition were more important than his achievements
after the partition of the subcontinent in 1947. Do you agree?Discuss. [14]

Achievements of Mr. Jinnah before 1947

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●​ 1916, Lucknow pact
●​ 1929, 14 points

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●​ Representation in 3 round table conferences 1930, 31 and 32
●​ Day of deliverance 1939
●​ Negotiations 1940-47

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Achievements of Jinnah after partition
●​ Building a nation (unification , getting rid of provincialism, religious intolerance….
Becoming a part of uno
●​ Made arrangements for govt (basic principle committee set up to draft constitution, called
in muslim landlords as we were deprived of the politician in the area of pakistan so that
they help with the lack of resources and buildings and politicians)
●​ Setting up Military (hiring british high rank officers
●​ Setting up economy (statebank)
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Quaid-e-Azam’s achievements before the partition of the subcontinent were crucial in laying the
foundation for the creation of Pakistan. His role in the Lucknow Pact of 1916 was a major early
success, where he united the Muslim League and Congress on key issues like separate
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electorates and minority rights. This pact showed his skill as a bridge-builder and earned him
the title of ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity. It was the first time both major parties came to a
formal agreement, highlighting Jinnah’s commitment to protecting Muslim political rights within a
united India.
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In 1929, after growing disillusioned with Congress, Jinnah presented his famous 14 Points as a
clear set of demands to secure Muslim rights. These points became the political manifesto for
the Muslim League and outlined principles like religious freedom, separate electorates, and
minority protection. At a time when Congress was pushing for a centralized system, Jinnah’s 14
Points gave Muslims a distinct voice and identity, showing his foresight in safeguarding their
future.
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Jinnah’s participation in the Round Table Conferences in 1930, 1931, and 1932 showed his
commitment to a political solution. Although the conferences failed to produce a lasting
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agreement, his presence ensured that the Muslim viewpoint was represented internationally. He
also observed the growing unwillingness of Congress to accommodate Muslim concerns, which
helped shape his later strategy for a separate homeland.
 In 1939, after Congress ministries resigned to protest British involvement in World War II without
consulting Indian leaders, Jinnah called for a Day of Deliverance. This symbolic move
strengthened Muslim League’s claim to being the true representative of Muslims, further
distancing them from Congress and boosting Jinnah’s leadership.

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From 1940 to 1947, Jinnah led critical negotiations with the British and Congress, especially
after the passing of the Pakistan Resolution in 1940. He played a key role in rejecting the Cripps

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Mission, Cabinet Mission Plan, and ultimately, securing the creation of Pakistan through sheer
political skill and determination. His consistent and principled stand on Muslim identity,
combined with his ability to out-negotiate opponents, was central to the formation of Pakistan.

After partition, Jinnah’s achievements as Governor-General were equally important but focused
on nation-building. He worked to unify the new state, urging people to move past religious
intolerance and provincialism, as seen in his famous August 11, 1947 speech. He emphasized

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that religion was a personal matter and that all citizens were equal, setting the tone for an
inclusive state.

Jinnah made key efforts in establishing a functioning government from scratch. With a shortage
of experienced politicians in Pakistan’s territories, he called on Muslim landlords and civil
servants to help fill the administrative gap. He also supported the Basic Principles Committee to
begin the process of drafting a constitution, showing his long-term vision for the country’s
democratic structure.
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In terms of defense, Jinnah took steps to organize the military, inviting experienced British
officers to serve temporarily in high positions. This was a pragmatic move, as Pakistan needed
a stable and disciplined army to maintain internal order and defend its borders, especially during
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the early Kashmir conflict.

On the economic front, Jinnah helped lay the groundwork by inaugurating the State Bank of
Pakistan in 1948, emphasizing the importance of an independent financial system. This move
showed his recognition of the need for a strong economic base for Pakistan’s survival.
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In evaluation, while Jinnah’s post-1947 achievements were critical for keeping the fragile new
state afloat, his pre-partition efforts were more historically significant. Without his leadership
before 1947—his political strategies, negotiations, and unwavering focus on Muslim
identity—Pakistan might never have been created. His post-partition role was about managing
what he had already fought for, but it was his political genius before 1947 that truly changed the
course of history. So, it is fair to say that his pre-partition achievements were more important.
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Why did the Quaid want to develop the people of Pakistan into a nation? [7]
●​ To create unity
●​ To become a prestigious community for joining the UN
 ●​ Rehabilitation of refugees

Quaid-e-Azam wanted to develop the people of Pakistan into a nation because he believed that
unity was essential for the survival of the new state. Pakistan was formed on the basis of a

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shared Muslim identity, but it consisted of people from various ethnic, linguistic, and regional
backgrounds. Without a strong sense of national unity, the country risked internal divisions and

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instability. Quaid emphasized the need to rise above differences and work together as one
nation.

Another reason was to build a respectable and organized community that could be recognized
globally. Pakistan had just been created and needed international acceptance and respect.
Quaid wanted the people to show discipline, responsibility, and harmony so that Pakistan could
become a prestigious and trustworthy member of the United Nations and the global community.

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He also focused on the rehabilitation of millions of refugees who had migrated during partition.
These people had lost their homes, belongings, and livelihoods. Jinnah knew that unless these
people were properly settled and integrated into society, Pakistan could not truly function as a
united and developed nation. By supporting their rehabilitation, he aimed to build a strong and
compassionate national spirit.

Why was it important to set up government of Pakistan in 1947-48?[7]

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●​ To formulate future constitution of pakistan( made pm, made assembly)
●​ Administration was important to implement govt policies
●​ To develop humility in govt officials so that they can serve and not rule the country.
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It was important to set up the government of Pakistan in 1947–48 because the country needed
a proper system to run its affairs and plan for the future. One key reason was to lay the
foundation for a constitution. Quaid-e-Azam appointed Liaquat Ali Khan as the first Prime
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Minister and formed the Constituent Assembly on 10 August 1947. The Basic Principles
Committee was set up in March 1949 to draft the constitution, showing the importance of
building a legal and political framework.

Administration was another crucial reason. Without a functioning system, it would have been
impossible to implement policies or maintain order. The government had to manage the
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resettlement of over 7 million refugees, establish ministries, and run departments from
temporary offices, including in Karachi which served as the capital.
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Quaid-e-Azam also stressed the need for humility in government officials. In his speech to civil
servants at the Civil Services Academy on 11 October 1947, he reminded them that they were
servants of the people, not rulers. Changing the colonial mindset was vital for creating an
honest, people-centered government.
 Why was the work of Allama Iqbal important to the muslims of united India?[7]

The work of Allama Iqbal was important to the Muslims of united India because he gave them a

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strong ideological and spiritual foundation at a time when their identity was under threat. First,
through his poetry and speeches, he inspired Muslims to take pride in their religion and culture.

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His poems like Shikwa and Jawab-e-Shikwa revived a sense of self-respect and unity among
Muslims, encouraging them to rise above despair.

Secondly, Iqbal clearly emphasized the idea that Muslims were a separate nation with their own
values and traditions. In his 1930 Allahabad address, he openly demanded a separate
homeland for Muslims in the north-west of India, which later shaped the idea of Pakistan. This
speech gave political direction to the Muslim community.

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Third, Iqbal encouraged Muslims to get involved in politics and support the All-India Muslim
League. He advised and influenced leaders like Quaid-e-Azam, urging him to return to politics
and lead the Muslims. Without Iqbal’s vision, the political awakening of Muslims would have
been slower.

Lastly, his writings helped unite Muslims emotionally and intellectually. He connected Islamic
teachings with modern ideas and gave Muslims the confidence to fight for their rights in a
Hindu-majority India.
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Why was the work of Ch Rehmat ali Important for the muslims of subcontinent? [7]

●​ Give clarity of aim

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●​ Inspired muslim leaders to be united and especially during 3 RTCs
●​ Map work for muslim majority areas

The work of Chaudhry Rehmat Ali was important for the Muslims of the subcontinent because
he gave clarity of aim by clearly demanding a separate homeland for Muslims. In his 1933
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pamphlet Now or Never, he introduced the name "Pakistan" and explained it as a country for
Muslims, made up of Punjab, Afghania, Kashmir, Sindh, and Baluchistan. This gave Muslims a
clear goal and identity, rather than just asking for rights within a united India.

His ideas also helped inspire Muslim leaders to think in terms of unity and independence.
During the time of the three Round Table Conferences (1930–32), when Muslim leaders were
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trying to protect their rights, Rehmat Ali’s call for a separate state encouraged them to see
beyond compromise and work towards long-term unity and independence for Muslims.
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He also made efforts to mark out Muslim-majority areas on a map, showing exactly which
regions could make up a future Muslim state. This gave the idea of Pakistan more structure and
helped people visualize it as a real possibility, not just a dream. His work laid the intellectual
foundation for the Pakistan Movement.