B.
Ed Course Sessional Work
Paper 6: Pedagogy of Mathematics
INDEX
1. Introduction to Mathematics Pedagogy ... 3
2. Nature and Scope of Mathematics ... 5
3. Aims and Objectives of Teaching Mathematics ... 7
4. Methods of Teaching Mathematics ... 9
5. Mathematics Curriculum and Syllabus ... 12
6. Lesson Planning in Mathematics ... 14
7. Teaching Aids and Resources ... 16
8. Assessment and Evaluation ... 18
9. Common Difficulties in Learning Mathematics ... 20
10. Remedial Teaching in Mathematics ... 22
11. Mathematics Laboratory ... 24
12. ICT in Mathematics Teaching ... 26
13. Conclusion ... 28
14. Bibliography ... 29
Topic 1: Introduction to Mathematics Pedagogy
What is Pedagogy?
Pedagogy means the art and science of teaching. Mathematics pedagogy focuses on how to
teach math effectively to make it interesting and understandable for students.
Why is Mathematics Important?
Develops logical thinking
Helps in problem-solving
Essential for daily life activities
Foundation for other subjects like science and technology
Key Points:
Mathematics is everywhere in our daily life
Good teaching methods make math enjoyable
Every student can learn mathematics with proper guidance
Topic 2: Nature and Scope of Mathematics
Nature of Mathematics:
Logical: Follows step-by-step reasoning
Abstract: Deals with ideas and concepts
Systematic: Well-organized and structured
Universal: Same everywhere in the world
Scope of Mathematics:
Primary Level: Basic counting, addition, subtraction
Secondary Level: Algebra, geometry, trigonometry
Higher Level: Calculus, statistics, advanced topics
Characteristics:
Exactness and precision
Sequential learning
Practical applications
Creative problem-solving
Topic 3: Aims and Objectives of Teaching Mathematics
General Aims:
1. Develop mathematical thinking
2. Build problem-solving skills
3. Prepare students for future studies
4. Connect math with real life
Specific Objectives:
Knowledge Objectives:
Learn mathematical facts and formulas
Understand concepts and principles
Remember important theorems
Skill Objectives:
Perform calculations accurately
Solve mathematical problems
Use mathematical tools and instruments
Application Objectives:
Apply math in daily life situations
Transfer learning to new problems
Use math in other subjects
Topic 4: Methods of Teaching Mathematics
1. Inductive Method:
Start with examples
Find patterns
Form general rules
Example: Show 2+3=5, 4+5=9, then teach addition rule
2. Deductive Method:
Start with general rule
Apply to specific cases
Example: Teach formula first, then solve problems
3. Analytic Method:
Break complex problems into simple parts
Solve step by step
Example: Solving word problems by identifying given data
4. Synthetic Method:
Combine simple ideas to form complex concepts
Build from basics to advanced
Example: Teaching geometry by combining points, lines, angles
5. Problem-Solving Method:
Present real-life problems
Guide students to find solutions
Develop critical thinking
Topic 5: Mathematics Curriculum and Syllabus
What is Curriculum?
The complete educational plan including aims, content, methods, and evaluation for
mathematics education.
Components of Math Curriculum:
1. Content: What to teach (topics, concepts)
2. Method: How to teach (strategies, techniques)
3. Evaluation: How to assess learning
Curriculum Levels:
Primary (Classes 1-5):
Numbers and counting
Basic operations
Simple shapes
Measurement
Middle (Classes 6-8):
Fractions and decimals
Basic algebra
Geometry
Data handling
Secondary (Classes 9-10):
Advanced algebra
Coordinate geometry
Trigonometry
Statistics
Topic 6: Lesson Planning in Mathematics
What is a Lesson Plan?
A detailed guide for teaching a specific math topic in one class period.
Components of Math Lesson Plan:
1. Header Information:
Class, subject, topic
Date, time, duration
2. Objectives:
What students will learn
Skills they will develop
3. Previous Knowledge:
What students already know
Connection to new topic
4. Teaching Aids:
Charts, models, calculator
Blackboard, projector
5. Methodology:
Introduction (5 minutes)
Development (25 minutes)
Conclusion (10 minutes)
6. Evaluation:
Questions to check understanding
Assignment for practice
Topic 7: Teaching Aids and Resources
Types of Teaching Aids:
1. Visual Aids:
Charts and graphs
Geometric models
Mathematical charts
Pictures and diagrams
2. Audio-Visual Aids:
Educational videos
Computer software
Interactive presentations
Mathematical songs
3. Concrete Materials:
Counting objects (stones, sticks)
Measuring instruments (ruler, compass)
Geometric shapes (wooden blocks)
Abacus and calculators
4. Modern Technology:
Mathematical software
Online resources
Educational apps
Interactive whiteboards
Benefits:
Makes learning interesting
Helps visualize abstract concepts
Improves understanding
Reduces learning difficulties
Topic 8: Assessment and Evaluation
What is Assessment?
The process of checking how well students have learned mathematics concepts and skills.
Types of Assessment:
1. Formative Assessment:
Daily observation
Classroom questions
Small quizzes
Purpose: Improve teaching and learning
2. Summative Assessment:
Unit tests
Final examinations
Purpose: Grade and promote students
Assessment Tools:
Written tests
Oral questioning
Practical work
Project assignments
Problem-solving activities
Evaluation Criteria:
Understanding of concepts
Problem-solving ability
Accuracy in calculations
Application of knowledge
Mathematical reasoning
Topic 9: Common Difficulties in Learning Mathematics
Why Do Students Find Math Difficult?
1. Abstract Nature:
Hard to visualize concepts
Difficult to relate to real life
2. Sequential Learning:
Each topic builds on previous knowledge
Missing basics creates problems
3. Language Barriers:
Mathematical symbols and terms
Word problems in different language
4. Fear and Anxiety:
Negative attitude towards math
Previous bad experiences
Common Problem Areas:
Fractions and decimals
Algebraic expressions
Geometry proofs
Word problems
Mathematical reasoning
Solutions:
Use concrete examples
Connect to daily life
Provide extra practice
Create positive environment
Use different teaching methods
Topic 10: Remedial Teaching in Mathematics
What is Remedial Teaching?
Special help given to students who are having difficulty learning mathematics at the expected
level.
Steps in Remedial Teaching:
1. Diagnosis:
Identify specific problems
Find root causes
Assess current level
2. Planning:
Set realistic goals
Choose appropriate methods
Prepare special materials
3. Implementation:
Individual attention
Simplified explanations
More practice exercises
Patient guidance
4. Evaluation:
Check progress regularly
Adjust methods if needed
Celebrate small improvements
Remedial Strategies:
Start from basics
Use visual aids
Provide step-by-step guidance
Give positive encouragement
Practice regularly
Topic 11: Mathematics Laboratory
What is a Math Lab?
A special room equipped with materials and resources for hands-on learning of mathematics
concepts.
Purpose of Math Lab:
Make math learning enjoyable
Help students discover concepts
Provide practical experience
Reduce math anxiety
Equipment in Math Lab:
Geometric instruments
Mathematical models
Measuring tools
Computer with math software
Charts and posters
Manipulative materials
Activities in Math Lab:
Creating geometric shapes
Measuring activities
Mathematical games
Problem-solving exercises
Project work
Experimental learning
Benefits:
Learning by doing
Better understanding
Increased interest
Improved confidence
Practical application
Topic 12: ICT in Mathematics Teaching
What is ICT?
Information and Communication Technology - using computers, internet, and digital tools for
teaching mathematics.
ICT Tools for Math Teaching:
1. Computer Software:
GeoGebra (geometry and algebra)
MATLAB (calculations)
Spreadsheet applications
Graphing software
2. Online Resources:
Educational websites
Video tutorials
Online calculators
Mathematical games
3. Mobile Applications:
Math learning apps
Calculator apps
Geometry apps
Problem-solving tools
Benefits of ICT:
Interactive learning
Visual representation
Immediate feedback
Personalized learning
Access to vast resources
Challenges:
Need for training
Technology availability
Cost factors
Technical problems
Conclusion
Mathematics pedagogy is about making math learning effective and enjoyable for students.
Good teachers use various methods, tools, and techniques to help students understand
mathematical concepts clearly.
Key Points to Remember:
Every student can learn mathematics
Use different teaching methods
Make learning interesting and practical
Assess students regularly
Provide help to struggling students
Use modern technology wisely
Future of Math Education:
More technology integration
Focus on problem-solving
Real-world applications
Collaborative learning
Continuous assessment
Bibliography
1. National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT). Mathematics Textbooks.
2. Sharma, R.A. (2018). Teaching of Mathematics. Meerut: Surya Publications.
3. Mangal, S.K. (2019). Teaching of Mathematics. New Delhi: PHI Learning.
4. Sidhu, K.S. (2017). Methodology of Teaching Mathematics. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers.
5. Online Resources: NCERT website, educational portals, research papers.
This sessional work is prepared in simple language to help B.Ed students understand the
pedagogy of mathematics effectively. Use this as a reference and add your own insights and
examples.
