UNIT 9 – PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT

GRAMMAR - REPORED SPEECH

(CÂU GIÁN TIẾP)
I. Định nghĩa (Reported speech)
- Lời nói gián tiếp là lời nói thuật lại ý của người nói (kể lại)
Eg: He said, "I am a student."
=> He said (that) he was a student.
- Đặc trưng của câu gián tiếp: Hiện tượng lùi thì (lùi 1 thì so với thì ở câu trực tiếp)

II. Lùi thì ở câu gián tiếp

2. Các yếu tố biến đổi trong câu gián tiếp:

2.1. Thay đổi thì của động từ (bảng trên)
2.2. Đổi các đại từ nhân xưng; tính từ sở hữu,... tương ứng với mệnh đề chính
Eg: - Jinyoung said, "I am reading books."
=> Jinyoung said (that) he was reading books.
 - Youngjae said, "My brother is a doctor."
=> Youngjae said (that) his brother was a doctor.
2.3. Thay đổi tính từ chỉ định, trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn
Direct speech Reported speech
This/ these That/those
Here there
Today/Tonight That day/that night
Yesterday The previous day = the day before
Last month/ week/year… The previous month/week/year…
= The month/week/year…before
Tomorrow The next day = the following day
Next week/month/year/,,, The next week/month/year/..
= The following week/month/year/…
Must Have to

Lưu ý:
- "should, ought to, would" giữ nguyên trong lời nói gián tiếp
- said to O/ tell O

3. Câu hỏi gián tiếp (Reported speech of questions)

3.1. Yes/No questions (Câu hỏi yes/no):
S1 + asked + (O) + IF / WHETHER + S2 + V (lùi thì)...
Eg: Miss Nga said, "Are you a foreigner?"
=> Miss Nga asked (me) if/ whether I was a foreigner.

3.2.WH- questions (Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi)

S1 + asked + (O) + WH -(when, where, how…) + S2 + V (lùi thì)...
Eg: "What is your name?" he asked.
=> He asked (me) what my name was.

3.3. Imperatives (Câu mệnh lệnh):

S + told / asked / ordered + O + (not) + to V + ...
Eg:
-The teacher said to students "Close the door, please."
=> The teacher asked/ told students to close the door.
- "Don't talk in the class." He told me
=> He told me not to talk in the class.

IV. Một số trường hợp không thay đổi “thì” của động từ.
1. Động từ trần thuật ở thì hiện tại hoặc tương lai đơn
Eg: Tom says, "I am fine".
=> Tom says he is fine.
2. Lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả một chân lý, sự thật hiển nhiên
Eg: He said, "The sun rises in the East."
=> He said (that) the sun rises in the East.
3. Lời nói trực tiếp là cấc câu điều kiện loại II và III
Eg: "If I were you, I would meet her" he said.
=> He said that if he were me, he would meet her.
4. Lời nói trực tiếp là cấu trúc "Wish + past simple/ past perfect"
Eg: "I wish I lived in Ho Chi Minh City", she said.
=> She said she wished she lived in Ho Chi Minh City.
5. Cấu trúc "It's time/ about time somebody did something":
Eg: "It's time the children went to school", she said.
=> She said it was time the children went to school.
6. Lời nói trực tiếp có các động từ khiếm khuyết (could/ would/should/ might/ ought
to/ had better/ used to...)
Eg Miss Lan said, "You should study hard."
=> Miss Lan said I should study hard.

PRACTICE
I. Rewrite these statements as reported speech. Make all necessary changes.
1. “I can’t chat because I am working now,” said John.
________________________________________________________________________________
2. “My brother wrote this book last year,” David said to me.
________________________________________________________________________________
3. Jane said to us, ‘I’m having dinner with Rachel tomorrow.”
________________________________________________________________________________
4. “We’ve worked very hard today and it has paid off,” the students said.
________________________________________________________________________________
5. “I’ll see you here next Friday,” Tom said to me.
________________________________________________________________________________
6. “We’ll be writing to you later this week,” they said to Maria.
________________________________________________________________________________
7. “I don’t know where Bill is living at the moment,” said Nicky.
________________________________________________________________________________
8. “My parents left for London at 5p.m yesterday,” Susan said.
________________________________________________________________________________
9. “I may see you next week before I leave,” Nick said to Sarah.
________________________________________________________________________________
10. “I didn’t attend the meeting two days ago,” said Matt.
________________________________________________________________________________

II. Choose the correct answer among A, B C or D.

1. Julia said that she ___________ there at noon.
A. is going to be B. was going to be C. will be D. can be
2. He _______ that he was leaving that afternoon.
A. told me B. told to me C. said me D. says to me
3. She said to me that she __________ to me the Sunday before.
A. wrote B. had written C. was writing D. has written
4. Thu said she had been___________ the day before.
A. here B. there C. in this place D. where
5. They said that they had been driving through the desert__________.
A. the previous day B. yesterday C. the last day D. Sunday previously
6. He asked the children _________too much noise.
A. not to make B. not making C. don’t make D. if they don’t make
7. Laura said she had worked on the assignment since _______.
A. yesterday B. two days ago C. the day before D. the next day
8. Mr Hawk told me that he would give me his answer the ________ day.
A. previous B. following C. before D. last
9. John said he _________ her since they ________ school.
A. hasn’t met–left B. hadn’t met-had left C. hadn’t met/ left D. didn’t meet – left
10. She said that when she_________ to school, she saw an accident.
A. was walking B. has walked C. had been walking D. has been walking

III. Choose the correct answer

1. I asked Martha ______ to enter law school.
A. are you planning B. is she planning C. was she planning D. if she was planning
2. Nam wanted to know what time ________.
A. does the movie begin B. did the movie begin C. the movie begins D. the movie began
3. I wondered_______ the right thing.
A. whether I was doingB. if I am doing C. was I doing D. am I doing
4. He asked the children _________too much noise.
A. not to make B. not making C. don’t make D. if they don’t make
5. The woman asked __________get lunch at school.
A. can the children B. whether the children could
C. if the children can D. could the children
6. He asked, “Why didn’t she take the final exam?” - He asked why __________ the final exam.
A. she took B. did she take C. she hadn’t taken D. she had taken
21. She asked me where I___________ from.
A. come B. coming C. to come D. came
7. She_________ me whether I liked classical music or not.
A. ask B. asks C. asked D. asking
8. He asked me who____________ the editor of that book.
A. was B. were C. is D. has been
9. He wants to know whether I ___________ back tomorrow.
A. come B. came C. will come D. would come
10. I wonder why he___________ love his family.
A. doesn’t B. don’t C. didn’t D. hasn’t

IV. Choose the word or phrase in each of the following sentences that needs correcting.
1. He said to/told me if I had done my homework.
A B C D
2. They wanted to know how much could you pay for it.
A B C D
3. You promised you will go on a picnic with us the next Sunday
A B C D
4. They asked me what did happen last night, but I was unable to tell them.
A B C D
5. I asked him how far was it to the station if I went there by taxi.
A B C D
6. The shopkeeper warned the boys don’t lean their bicycles against his windows.
A B C D
7. They asked me thatI could do the shopping for them.
A B C D
8. Her mother ordered her do not go out with him the night before.
A B C D
9. The traffic warden asked me why had I parked my car there.
A B C D
10. He said that he will pick me up at 8 am the following day.
A B C D
11. She said that the books in the library would be available tomorrow
A B C D
12. He advised her thinking about that example again because it needed correcting.
A B C D
13. The receptionist said I must fill out that form before I attended the interview.
A B C D
14. Marty said a good friendship is like a diamond – valuable, beautiful and durable.
A B C D
15. The mayor apologized on having slept in an international summit and resigned afterwards.
A B C D

I. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of
the following questions.
1. “I’m in a bit of a hurry, but I’ll ring you tomorrow,” William said
A. William explained that If he weren’t hurry, he’d ring me tomorrow.
B. William told me that though he was in a bit hurry, but he would ring me the next day.
C. William said he was a bit pressed for time, but that he would bring me the following day
D. William said he was a bit hurry, but he’d ring me the previous day.
2. Johnny asked his father if he could continue with his study overseas.
A. “Do you think I can continue with my study overseas.” Said Johnny
B. “Is it possible for me to study overseas?” Johnny asked his father
C. ‘Can I continue with my study overseas?” Johnny said to his father
D. “Will I continue to study overseas?” Johnny said
3. Her friend will come to see her. (She hoped)
A. She hoped her friend will come to see her
B. She hoped her friend would come to see her
C. She hoped her friend comes to see her.
D. She hoped her friend came to see her.
4. “Buy some meat in the shop,” said my mother to me.
A. My mother said to me to buy some meat in the shop
B. My mother told to me to buy some meat in the shop
C. My mother told me to buy some meat in the shop
D. My mother said me to buy some meat in the shop
5. The doctor said to Peter’ “Don’t go for a walk today”
A. the doctor said Peter not to go for a walk today
B. the doctor told Peter not go for a walk today
C. the doctor said to Peter not to go for a walk today
D. the doctor told Peter not to go for a walk today
6. “Please don’t mention it to any body,” Mary said to her friend
A. Mary asked her friend not to mention it to anybody.
B. Mary asked her friend not mention it to anybody.
C. Mary asked her friend to not mention it to anybody.
D. Mary asked her friend did not mention it to anybody.
7. Tom said: “ I have already has breakfast, so I am not hungry.’
A. Tom said he had already had breakfast, so he is not hungry.
B. Tom said he has already had breakfast, so he is not hungry.
C. Tom said he had already had breakfast, so he was hungry.
D. Tom said he had already had breakfast, so he was not hungry.
8. I said to Nick: “Where are you going?”
A. I asked Nick where was he going.
B. I asked Nick where he was going.
A. I asked Nick where is he going.
D. I asked Nick where he is going.
9. He said to them: “Who will you see before you leave here?”
A. He asked them who they would see before they left there.
B. He asked them who would they see before they left there.
C. He asked them who they would see before you left there.
D. He asked them who you would see before they left there.
10. She asked me: “Why didn’t you come here yesterday?”
A. She asked me why I hadn’t gone there the day before.
B. She asked me why I didn’t go there the day before.
C. She asked me why didn’t I go there the day before.
D. She asked me why hadn’t I gone there the day before.
THE END
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