Chapter 1 – FORCE
1) Why is it easier to open a door by applying the force at the free end of it?
It is easier to open the door by applying the force at the free end because when the
perpendicular distance is large less force is required to turn the body.
2) The stone of hand flour grinder is provided with a handle near its rim. Give a
reason.
The stone of hand flour grinder is provided with a handle near its rim so that by
applying small force at the handle it can be rotated easily about the fixed point at its
centre.
3) It is easier to turn the steering wheel of a large diameter than that of a small
diameter. Give reason.
It is easier to turn the steering wheel of a large diameter in comparison to the wheel
of a smaller diameter as less force is required in the first case due to the larger
distance from the centre of the rim.
4) A spanner (or wrench) has a long handle. Why?
A spanner is provided with a long handle so as to create a larger turning moment
with less force.
5) A jack screw is provided with a long arm. Explain why?
A jack screw which is used to lift a heavy vehicle has a long arm so that less force is
needed to rotate it to raise or lower the vehicle.
6) A, B and C are the three forces each of magnitude 4N acting in the plane of paper as
shown in figure. The point O lies in the same plane.
(i) Which force has the least moment about O? Give reason.
Moment of force = Force × Perpendicular distance
Vector C has least perpendicular distance from point O. Hence, vector C will have
least moment about O.
(ii) Which force has the greatest moment about O? Give reason.
Vector A has greatest perpendicular distance from point O. Hence, vector A will
have greatest moment about O.
(iii) Name the forces producing (a) clockwise, (b) anticlockwise moments.
(a) Clockwise moments are produced by vectors A and B.
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Reason : If turning effect on the body is clockwise then moment of force is
called clockwise moment and it is taken as a negative value.
(b) Anticlockwise moment is produced by vector C.
Reason : If turning effect on the body is anticlockwise then moment of force is
called anticlockwise moment and it is taken as a positive value.
(iv) What is the resultant torque about the point O?
Sum of torques due to vectors A, B and C = Resultant torque about point O
i.e, -(4x0.9)-(4x0.8)+(4x0.6) Nm = (-3.6) – (3.2) + (2.4)Nm = - 4.4Nm
Resultant torque is 4.4Nm (clockwise)
7) Differentiate between Uniform Linear motion and Uniform Circular motion.
Uniform Linear Motion Uniform Circular Motion
1 The body moves along a straight The body moves along a circular path.
line
2 Both speed and velocity are Speed is constant but velocity changes
constant. with continuous change in direction of
motion.
3 Unaccelerated motion An accelerated motion.
8) Differentiate between centripetal and centrifugal force.
Centripetal force Centrifugal force
1 Centripetal force is the force acting Centrifugal force is the force acting
on a body moving in a circular path, on a body moving in a circular path,
in the direction towards the centre of in a direction away from the centre of
the circular path. circular path is called Centrifugal
forc
2 It is a real force It is a fictitious force or virtual force
9) (a) How does a centripetal force differ from a centrifugal force with reference to the
direction in which they act?
Both the forces act in opposite direction with reference to the direction.
(b) Is centrifugal force the force of reaction of the centripetal force?
No, centrifugal force is not the force of reaction of the centripetal force.
(c) Compare the magnitudes of centripetal and centrifugal force.
The magnitude of centripetal and centrifugal force is 1:1
10) A piece of stone tied at the end of a thread is whirled in a horizontal circle with
uniform speed with the help of hand.
Answer the following questions:
(a) Is the velocity of stone uniform or variable?
Velocity of stone is variable.
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(b) Is the acceleration of stone uniform or variable?
Acceleration of stone is variable.
(c) What is the direction of acceleration of stone at any instant?
The direction of acceleration of stone at any instance is to the centre of
circular path.
(d) Which force provides the centripetal force required for circular motion?
The frictional force provides the centripetal force.
(e) Name the force and its direction which acts on the hand.
Centrifugal force acts on the hand and its direction is away from the centre.
11) What are the conditions for stable equilibrium of a body?
(i) Centre of gravity must be as low as possible.
(ii) Centre of gravity must be above the base and near the geometric centre of
the body.
12) Assertion (A) : Centripetal force = mv 2/r, where m is the mass of the moving body.
Reason (R) : Centripetal force is not necessary to keep a particle on circular path.
(a) Both A and R are true
(b) Both A and R are false
(c) A is false and R is true
(d) A is true and R is false Ans: (d)
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