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INFUUEKAR.B. park aed 2D ah en a arene P : Senta Soy Seat sei OT ayn Raye et tn ms four thioat + A es vee ee d ae Cape EE aa pn “Reta Data nein he a a Diy off : | iD agin 9 8 era fee : ‘on Orne ie od une mbt apparent’ Dionnsis See a peer = Tholirect | cedema d efron Spe € eet wleaoken. on the wos by sean ancl Calbune of sacttiten tres a ceute --9 avoided wh ree age eclencatt etl Ut— 20/000 elle comp oP Suche - Laderal te i wig wat ff - Pape ae eae (eran et eee ten X eearmoniees “ren a deat dose cl he eon “ ta a OvHene ia (ip @eorroma oF BRYN Guaulantg 32% cena S07200 ULES rn eae eae rs MEE WTC i! HEY) tanynaeac myeosIs — = Anibal coal Cen 3 euary Glace Oy — comple becl Acae - PT PAREN) Carte spent Mapaie He hydeabar> ciy Qyemiess. OF THEMEN, erecente im@yNaltis +* i Sabrina Fragrvotoey pi eas) ATOM Ano Paisiosy of LARYNX ests oe ee Aor wie data vio Sines vies ag ico # gt soosk of Tatmaudarin fe 9 Spares ere Fiforier toutbrityr * Tensors wy largrae He Below yo Baur & be rte ere hove Tacan © opie, eed Plies oppose 3-6" convieal vertina a at = + bdducors AARQGEAL PRMEWeRK a =) rte eae | et arenes Ir extol Grand of \- Taare Membre “supencr imprad owe )— exectreid + Muses + Mucous membrane “Colt ott Meda, yeaDcid ini msdy > Revere CARIBAGE oF Lary: PG Casad MusGes OF daRyNx: . ‘Peed xklge” — unpeived conlage lpaamnter Si eve ve > "ere Sap cavied os eas leet ee ee ead AD tan vo 9 a Bla, = Corviealcs = crewid ~ et anh ert ne NBM ve devsid of phate, ition, ras verte oF LRN + cuneiform else ~ Epiglais Pu segs eh aes wo ond INS iat TWD OTE Vogel Hine Carag vga (ol canst ee ne rere * opens. posteiony item Se Reinke | 9 Two damiva 7 Females - 20° = “erect thes | Prema a = Angle Blo 2 Leming < - : neentl Sree}o Yoo! Linmad\ Reap a Y Males - 90°m> Prominence : Aelam? = = i) Vitek cal corel cor (oF Section oF Votalis’ muscle Dy eg encn Sete gj tke conege ora ic Sa Veet tag a Resonetiyy) medhanton % Narrow ond - atenior pina seal ica $ ¢ Soros ne 4 % Rroud lamina Poste: ‘only abt ing Be VMucosa- stratified Suenous FResonatens- most , nusey noe pital es prenne FROUTIIS: + Jaap wheped Yellow Cloke tarklepe Brak fem Cay 9 tania propia (Sp lage) Re wel 9) Ch Rees protective Mecauy * Aladad to He midpoint of thyroid tonne nse gang gee From fae : apace “Ahora Sapinaion ajainst cn ABflucerps: + Prod Pyreial Shed Chg vocal moss} NOME | > Hemina Peis (Samat & dap Gloks “HOE is elle % dR Or op a Gitetd > erated dont os | Vout bigamaut e et Canc te z ‘oot 4) Voualis musite (main fo protetve Mechanism: fe _tonserFonr [ssn] - SR ee qey Sy | nage DAE ee \ voit 4 Sih PATS: f gporil hicks yg MTS A Mena excange mnhne Be cael Balan wy Divine D)Ibrns agag fos Pathos 5) Raton J “Ronctbete: Bung cin Ciccttped” — Yertoary Pongeid Membrane + crea ee tngepiplotie fe Lfecstion’ » michwmton 9 peda Toil eure Membrane CEPI fed ie sHYoepiglottic dy . Coed dap ema e voe 15 “hse Titradslerinel PresaBenders TUMOURS OF LARYNX: Tovenive rxmnicert HUOMA, CARCINOMA OF LARYNX Te Most Comenan Mead | 5 Nhe Tumours, ca RS UeAtEte se ae ea — INL - NEDPLRS TAC NEOPLASTIC ipstdan MOS louie ad Aya ctumaur LCT anen 2 RRcUW, ApH Acts OL ad yrauelbo. aera YSQuames Papillesa: sneer aes WS Cee Mace THaened 5 ca uomous Cu Canthasua -tortrrawest 2) Males > eriahes Pour F outa Af PC otouNé “Wares Tanentieartaoage Moe fetBUNt, ut exten” Gi ean aos :. 8 Stettveleca, [PStndnema Gitar atin CoePsune ose oo pauovta & | cassges maeieae pe oe oman we mgtaln — Soy | we (Sransune 2) Lanna ia CLO ora ENS qiouumg PEcnuarens oA aes fisunc | BA. Miceoneneinee CMM ie ny ool | ve ag Sern sd Sandan uaouns {EEE Deshth atonrncor in OES TMS gevestasin 2 my aan 8s are Neen yuftabenena Bike ‘Prahavic eamce | KR mee: as gta eee LL gees Rete ee A Rn & 3 weundatnal 1) EvuBoamenral Risem, cid G Rratiomgua — 2.4 ir Donat tears reac veai toms Cueinsy Sid pow oxen pysProrta or Stigon er is 7 ol algo Aces does: “paces § Po et iat i 2 ed etapa 0" | WCAC Hopures: Sets Anse Seamer Nl TOL " phat Gave oe Gcinarte- ea RS ic oR fog dens| re Maat hk ons jee boa A we wm, wii. by Re wastegate an meas siorcattoncs a SIUPRAAUTE Ca 25) Les Quer me Subhas, Stun along-tac fee MIG | > WHEL Mee reais snags 2 Besepapos [Bes epaaets cpaleceods, anyepigune® foe of Gam waned a9 arteeuiea vocarGraunta. I 3 sean ny Stee nae Jos (ota geen: Yastanla cei SUL Surettin of Suroubn Yaa gPrereun Ziq WD Largngocele : Tete grating CRU eee pygsn on at young ace, Yvotahtod Agung Zlatan tana ponakrgues V>Supragiortt ceed owe Sa NSF ostnd| eau Mena SE aqants Eovogy + Worens + Worat Houce SolsrenoySaease ns Meee eeatrastiny > Sh cseataith aa SEACN SpA ‘Pathol: Sunastraias cacana €-Em0 paar ea ange seit na eee aor cee baa BRE Alors ie ol voto tords. eR 5: > HE BIC Gd Bevaed aeuT eis ROE BE othstsunteny Mee axtar he Kutica ARES, seoios Loca SHA xpeuby- — raetonings unkde unease a aAtetxatsth § Ronoed — fuby dy efthausn uagingis erate Form’ nf whe BIL» Lammin AME sateily, Moses Soe « vine CFSE CHIN) tants Reade € Mand. “Honeseness oF on TOL: Cea =) BLL Nodules OrLC ure ok Cypteas Ace =) BIL youaseord enoverrenrs GAC Nooenad. Treatwnoak BEtuly Medalist Conic volte ec. cas Hecalue Sy Neste eaahaag frit MLE viel g stecncbte hy oe oh iN REINEES rs ean aL (use Buc CUED of 84a LRA To yout come * Bas Sense yes Syrah us HD hongitudal Sutin Kars Creenovah ol Semin cagy DNETUMGE 4) Aue Sweelg | fun eas Wetss House § Sanattag) 9 Ere Te: whteta Te ons “se or fee, iapaba vorere Be pane pa Stnadues pareegtatae oy WAsURitey = scan wen oy age gan TE TTA tas See game sy Vo beeen ed 2) pac oustd uy Inner ery optepes. HH) Suvquoctt at THR Tne Taya cone As “inate singe ni) Rae Thee yy aac peu aoe Counse! tatceaseto aa a {eid sgn Gucassm voor ede wte shoul says | ES aad) aura ERIS Rt c5cgvapes, eal wes. aclu arr a > Hasse Kester 5 sae tos ue Pastaogiery. ates mings SN gouarattnt eee safaudiows A eof [Tune Reagent sate Nova td fe Fon TAD CRANES ee & in Canora sent Tuas tue! [Detsamaynene - Basco] Sew. pire! Lobesy pect cetibaratt, “aati iin Sieh — Sa sion Tica wi pega LynpstedesOL) 2S Fe agycToguge ae rae ‘uyuirade unaatle nse a nna w ott > tetany Reanene i ena stg Ne cexto Meval ut wrcantanh bayararose 7S" Toes J cotag Ann OB. ecages Mo baiinghy «Mo iO du THe Ut cam, DISTANT wnetrctnss: 13 a ou fay ee os iy gh Wha 8. anibae nw 3-60 AN “nat t O uti WH NO STR oe None Mo. no deine Stee dead tong Nab ot ag Tyee csseo : DMansugittxatio o Taken ee ieee ants tne Ate DHA ACES Tate “eda etteaal » lone Pangani cathAIDS ~ caused 4y Rebovirnses Two yes Biv type Z.= Mosk amren uy ype aoe | One ertee, H atec THpapheetes | and ohn cle whi hve eD-4 ‘Sesfce Masha 4 Seanad contac Use of rentuile mall Spins, ha thin Ping shone F Bleod and bleed predncts oa brett mith 4 Pebuoteraly promise individ, “¢ Homeferual (ot prstitutes and truck divers. f Infect retinol - Diy pron, HIV 1 UPd menbiane Bet te Lag 1 Emons glyaymbane 2 dlyapnhin mo, Dayeepmtan 41 1 Viel ce probing Matha prion PH = capsid poten 2 = Nucasap pohin 107 = Shgle-sheodad RUA: toy cai Viral ensgret 9) Reverie bancepna |) Iotegnce (i) Prone Arron Extosone 4 nrrin. winoerin 4 Lares retin (ovcay fo yas) L Avance? susaee Cova teeth conn fale blow ELISA ~ satitve swestan Hl conpmany test Facial pases Pasanasal sinuses ~ Hexpetie lesion of Not + Nuclease reverse ancenpisie ii, ~ Rec damant sbusitte Crewe contain f FORM Yn) Cian tts a, - hr Protease inhibibe Probente._ | nine ~ Fuagat einasite cardia. —Hexpetre lasere of palete. buccal Lge gos = Giant apithows bees = Aline, ypuinghy “gaye cLatymyi8s~ frgal, vivak oy Pabercatlas + kaputi sarcoma = Non = Hedglin Lymphoma. Pons = ewe ~ Diffie pact entagement ~ Lympraspittlil eget of poset Beet ees = Nr it Lyne ~lymphaderapatty. = cad be fella Ryeaplaia or cud a diene suc Tunisie « hislopltrosic, tovoplaimo 27 ran: Hadglon oF Pghin Gmphonalant rr ieee eA Es i ae Uses: turbinale redtuction Mappie EAR TmPLaNts= Jer! NF eersrcaitg peed wait the nde Laser Ty ga va pees aoe ce SN ENT Properties and Hels. Ne oar Neier ed ear tor heari - yplantable Lasers Light roperties and EHen> =. Erdouope Hinus surge Vibrant gound bridge - 0 Gimulatie tation by photothermal < Foncitlectornty- Reaper ere Ensen gg podiotion. > Prefoaccuate coauston petal lasers Used > Ara, 3. Photochemical was Anternal- rectiver and vibrating Ke ees iy Photodtesociation ate oe aera i deived Mee ossicular prosthesis External - Audio procemor (wtcsophone) Jndications + Adult aged 18 yeors Qnd older with medera to severe sensory neural bearing loss. Advantage tA cect drive system provides mechanical crerqy directly fp ‘the ossicles, bypassing-he ear caral and the tympanic membrane. COCHLEAR InnpLANT# “An electronic device Which produces électrical stimulation of the auditory nerve where degeneration ol -the hair cells in the cachlea has pregrened fo @ point, such that amplification provided by hearing aids, no longer effective . Compenentst- External - procemor, transmitter Internal - receiver with an electrode array. ‘Thdications:- Bi severe to protound hearing to - Little or ne benettt ftom hearing aids. = No medical Cantratedication tor suagery, Complications. “acta paratiyis Wound tofecton 3 O44 Fain at it et ierplant Lat device failure jen Contratndi cations ** cual pias Srp. els fee Tt Netive eee aning loss, Ettects Rettection, scatter ablation ten cold Ol The temperature ued fn ot tissues & 4O-e ch tawer than ical Lones of tissue destruction ‘Absorption, Transmission of laser: gars Vascular lesions, ~ Aural polyps and granulation. = Stenosis of the EAC. - Far carcinomas, cysts: zone a Cepbarisolim ~ ablasien cohich fe mut ghar used 7p elecrrosurg) ablakion of coagulation: = Ted a chervical procem Uses eed ions whieh ~ Later reshaping of cartilage highly erera' Nose :-+ creates bodtess elds MAICRODEBREDER are crealad in a saline median in endonasal surgeries _ Microdebrider ie a surgical Effects on tssut hand piece that allows fr Gentle, dinsdlution of safe rapid ane eHeckve MOWEL piarygar bends oF soft i000} yeert ok attected Yasue aan ; orcas Netacdolls ene en woe throat = gents. superRefally wit Fonsillectoms ® feryaiet cgertes snes ste sumoure: xe works by emeing HS “yes. uncteritectonyy : een to pul Wesue jn aperture o ae a aall ; la ice dace which cuit the HSH pS ee aa can be cperania wih “ turbinata reduction Soiree rele ; “ein retin a Phorocensities | now, betng ececenstulty wed 7 eran e ny dttterent types oF ; ~ Pregnant aggre’ theroptes oe ea ~ laryngeat papilloma. ~ arte UE ahurecs procedures y= ee rere = preatment Be Hold ana en i ee eee (Kashima epsation).LL ee | ScoriES IN ENT g TracnEAL Disorders Dee ASET Larynn SET LaRynuioscory eherpegcre Gey ed for dine else gaol te v8 Bvowhaveye a} croprogosny ee © Qh lovyrn a feb avd wld © Cheatiax iv \ Se peer tel even Gaeayc “a iw ut bows age Diognostic Shanapeste riggs, boven tl ee 0) Ne ral in Bevopi f Rigen wwe GH ee “lect YO) age dy + holed bbow type SI ie ee ee oe te ene dibuopric ph Peas? eschanssn Lrowevossopy aor a SS = fgaay plas 04 -aornagee! chan ° fa i leet ann Ce Barluosto 29 nosh Prerapcu, Rp ee « CED ee ee ~ Tohvow the = dev iwhsbafon * havypagostopt Y wwhoded & uvtoe ef extut 4 tunqur ~Hovergne Body laterally » baler wuadhiaty A ae Sa PhouynSeal Puch = Snchildacn Gewoval and entige louywe a pad Conhetnsicateny “TRACHELTIS - : : ~ Browhi akow ee ae in-warled —~ Lanywgeal is visualigedt. re ae i among 2588 Lawnmatiow zi ~ Lesions ta bliva autos aie 5 - ed ple ected Race 4 aay a “Medieskwal Goth ges eve. url, - Diseewhort Conha inalica hous ~ tein pletion ans aver) ~ Boys position Managers = Gavicol spihe diese + Allagic wreckow Fo asta ~Comvical spin patioogita = Awasnsy jopicel anastousia / = Movbrat conditions « Foretun Body 1% cae ch sien ia! » Sot we aus peared ame eats oe Coke ul ese Thernpages ne + Sigs < Sysploms - i Wid Ove, BRonchoseoPy = Yen oho” ie: 'g: nee Position - Ue Pred + heal ape Soop SO8tOPY Soleo ae lend at atlowton occipitel Used Jor endosropic x z patyatory , ae ues examina How ‘ set ov Aucliple slap: : come condos Pi SEpedtiog —# dnvesgetOn Magus Ray labaal otis Hibusapeane, we Diaquor’ = Medical mana gevaw = oval /WW aukbiony OMWER TRACKER L DisoRDEe, jeevsele ea 7 drodual shinos'c er apenas Nomowis Rawal ‘au € ~thadmomola ia + hayes of hack, ow Mbt vigiol e IA cotlapre i but altaiw pconoasee maa_CONGEN.: G TTAL LESION of LARYNX AND STD, ees aad [rie oso ot (olen at Ste ae cam wo. fordign. ody ag us ee. ee cfc sum , ibe cite puss, Sypeeley stidord A) angen bgt cts i | Seep Safle Dt ee Heed Oe tase Langegpmedce SG by 2 Tigges “et onset of ora 4 OHH . | pastes phy ~ beagle, — Frasheo beonthis “pomge Dope spf se PPL ne a Talppnm chet rpoowstity gop Mes, 1%, lls, promised tealyeide acy Nee Coe a qpifetibe Tae (ees oy Peribla Saupgorory, & subfotie ea bie a oma Of Binge rt = euros ps boats coneanaing | Tasker Tp coe] aeapves a sir sveione: teed EA Si li pt 4 5 Viegas Poe Ear Sigel ped Pe Corea pra plaly in ceva Janpeomalads » efile ae Se ranks afb eohich = Bejan ; Votalied pay: items gt in Hae: : a Teanadic! — 7p Wow ,colens # a Paling menses El Ae: wade 5x sietched + 99 “pe, irony Sihaekon des £2 ere el allan cau} rong SRST eer aaeeg © oc Hp Daemon blow Yes td] diate CNS ies rade of gr auhol 2 obxeneton faq tueb> Xa! ee erates | has cota ese ea ve chil onset Of OR 2. oh+ Mateing am spewing wm te anes wall of Backes auch Convukug 1k nko a stoma on the skin @ Slenve FUNCTIONS oF TRACHEOSTOMY DAlirwak parrway for breathing © dmywoves alveclar ventilation ® Protects atsway ® Pum, semovel of taducbiowh’ al seuthows © Smiavnitent positive prcsawae osapluation © 40 advminista amastiesin UNDIGATIONS — oF TRauizosTOMY. Galea © Respiratory jo go Eee nsnealiey ——— Gusle epglabitla, Diphthuna ate ~ Sanat Okner. of hada = lonyort ANCA. Souci ‘aed sacri = Cougembel omowabies ~ boy ngral web ‘oe Seo nan ee ea i @ toy <> chuowic br erie mg ~ emplayna, Maulfiveet —coeardinrd evapo 2 Tyres OF TRACHEOSTOMY O Emagen, cae cbshuthon ant Hae is am wlgewt wud jo alablishy ewapsils Ordtaly, | Rouine heuoweny 2 © Pesewnanent Hrarkrosiouy ein cose of Bln abducte, pasralsis (0) Logged cara Haag TRALHEOSIONY * jeod ce above Hid ie : ted SID type of sm, Meie> + Positioning ~ Roses ation ednusion —? Karhve Saarjon) perm above “Yere! sRenauiion of shop resis + Opening made at Tats, Ty + Onserion of hbe - Porter XY wang oricotel hod cuffed habe, Shileys fed tube (© Tacksons rev tatlic tebe CompLi canton $ Sromctaliate’) -Hemoulnage, = Asphuation ~Apmea , Pruumorhorss = Bj any * Cate - TE dishla - Dipptatt decantation MANAGEMENT Procedures FoR IMMEDIATE AIRWAY MANAUEMENT. lo ovephanyng anieisily anc vxeliwe sat Vealahon can be cantiech cut wilng fate. Vea ck cut wslg fo @ hanywgeal mask otwvey - thie davis Balivess onyges dines into paclun « Shoug mostly week A vonage aioe tenbols cam be vacsk as alkanative Standoudh wnat veakiatow © Taso trust - Improves the ainwouy by displaving se] haus Shoulel be aveidud iw spinal Mf useo fe Maadaquike LaRyEAL HSK ooean ‘AIRWAY @ dvavshackual Tet Vertilabion - this puceclane + is am Iywacive © Nosepharyngcal airway Taunver) = oltaved se Hosut obstruction comsed Tougut aval phangint Rates Soft @ Endohaclual Whuahon matted. hax iB vualiged uah laxyngostope amd ET tube Ts ingeitee- Rea Hasta equal @ Gieotayotony a hangnge tony ou ~ dopltes longye hast bch most aprel>: tgrvagedlesiwe Eitan oust ohn paaphanyegtt “pu yin one Tn Sypain, Dp apie 5 Ssiope ig Posaracioe Joncmasioel eduction igo Medue Pama i wore er Dove = Ipslaieot paralysis alate Patanmsaion Whivete wusitis deisph Sosisel (odawni) ——(imtasense Reconnent pRyNagal EOF | ” SUPERIOR LoRUUEAL NERVE reawagsis t . . fiulrt opin Yt ees wg Ce taken Baa Sv cases payee guartyud ee Sr SO ae eet (coo taxi a taps = Rae ogy aes nd 2 akan Yay owen 4 tes pitor fhe + Satay of cad Me vag t bane tpt) Tapping of pisied ted + Yous w wate Goes pen + Dratna saison prunes ume 8 BuvreRAL eat Fuugad Rowe : # Onova coudihon sas) Spats Beh We wiiotapoid ae aod ous poseged aluig 2 avostirnia *fairnndl cade 4 otra Neon fPovamelion — EMOLBGY -— susgeal [aceidivtal havo ceers hiwssatonfpatensy~ Swvatation of ped s Seapets dat ag sgn aay eau web cee a PATO da to emoppant wopleve smd wemyee + hoes aay Nadovge tmyeig fs Vee 8 weak > prea fare as a iteh owuovey yuu i Pa arog ded MIE ptt AN 88 tendon i cadower Poudopevenowion 4 n Myepaaty yey7™ DYSPHONIA PLICA VENTRICULARIS 2- Here., voice is produced by NORMAL V6LCES- Produced by THY corde), which have taken over the Ventriewlar elds (false Vocal cords. = For normal voice lb produce , vocal a} function of true cords, voice rough »law-pitehed unpleanart. coe oad “Togetnen = Algo codled “ ventricular dysphonia-” ce Oe ee eee eels WE PRODUCE FUNCTIONAL APHONTAS- Funeticnad alzorder sain io ater each other pogo eames fe apreclumn. voice” Tapile females » patient communicates with wohleper. ve a qbduetia position, fall 0 adduct en phonation Mano. called“ Hysterical aphonia ” iy pUBERPHONIA- Norrnal chludheed veie te higher piteh« when f Pamnontr e lengthen ice changes * z Taryn matures OF puberlgs ve I gthen and vol * HOARSENESS*- Roughness of voice resulting ae of tower pitch, exclusive @ ™ maces? ana [or iotersits\ VOICE AND” SPEECH + vAny condition That leads (6 interference iO above conditions, results in” = wiso called PHONASTHENIA- Weakness Of voice dit a mmyseleg. Thyroargtencid and interarytencids te fatique of phenatory or beth mas, vetee follewing from variations of periodteity of consecutive Sound waves. abuse OP misuse oF memmation - Acute - viral lanyngitis diptherla 2 chronic - chronte laryngits , TB, Ta be affected» wun in syphilis . leprosy x Laryngitis Neoplasms - Benign- papilloma Non-neoplastic t- + Prematignant - leukoplakia. Vagal nodulee» VOICE BOX | Mabignant - cancer, Sarcoma. polyps: FRauma’ Forceful shouting, Paralysts -Pavalygls OF recurrent» sac Darl ead elpetontcal ys PHONES go bey: = See —_—_—11 Fization of cordt:- Arthritis Congenital - Laryngeal web, cyst Adiuctor Abductor Mixed pare ae laryngecoele- Laryngeal mutelts 5 Ve Spasm ot postexfor Both adductor, Sustemfe dfcorders:- Hypotnyrotatim, sarcoidests tenes penne sh eres EVALUATION Couses :~ Par kinsonigm qickis open “function affita myocar causes:- Stress > ABDUCIOR + apoudTR oc TT oe acne . S HYPONASALITY:- Lack of nasal resonance for words which are Histo Trdivect it a ——=— oe Examination pirect lab, Bronchoscopy. aemnalid in rasal cavity blockage of Nave nasopharynx. yrqeropy 64 neck, che flaryngo Rodiaony Oesephago é cea na ee> fi te Seen EP Fete Mierlanyp oer Byimm.n.ng, Alco called * Rhivolaln clause IN. VENTRICULAR be oor e\ ss ypeenasaLiry- certain swords wth havenlittle nasal rsonones IS , FALSE CORDS éomriat Paeeceeare Tea oat corer omit between nowt De pola Mr and nasal cavities. Mso called “ Rhinotatia Bperta.” Fy Take OVER THE FUNCIIONY. u age pousplsyre teeth ge sett pela chaomy ] hesitation UTTERING %~ Disorder of uency OF speech and conedtls of to start, repetitions , protongations, blocks in “the: flow ef Speech,