now do for class 12
Class 12 HSC Physics (Maharashtra Board) covers advanced topics across 15–20 chapters
focusing on both classical and modern physics, with a strong emphasis on conceptual clarity,
derivations, practical applications, and problem-solving [1] [2] [3] . Below is a structured outline
and sample notes format ideal for self-study and revision.
Maharashtra Board Class 12 Physics – Major Chapters
1. Rotational Dynamics
Torque, angular momentum, conservation laws, moment of inertia.
2. Mechanical Properties of Fluids
Surface tension, viscosity, Bernoulli’s theorem, applications.
3. Kinetic Theory of Gases and Radiation
Ideal gas laws, kinetic theory postulates, mean free path, black body radiation.
4. Thermodynamics
Laws of thermodynamics, entropy, heat engines, efficiency.
5. Oscillations
Simple/compound pendulum, forced and damped oscillations, resonance.
6. Superposition of Waves
Principle of superposition, interference, beats, stationary waves.
7. Wave Optics
Huygens’ principle, interference, diffraction, polarization.
8. Electrostatics
Coulomb’s law, electric field and potential, capacitors.
9. Current Electricity
Ohm’s law, electrical circuits, Kirchoff’s rules, Wheatstone bridge.
10. Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law, force on current, moving coil galvanometer.
11. Magnetism and Matter
Magnetic materials, Earth’s magnetism, magnetic susceptibility.
12. Electromagnetic Induction
Faraday’s and Lenz’s laws, self and mutual induction, transformers.
13. Alternating Currents
AC generator, reactance, resonance, power in AC circuits.
14. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Photoelectric effect, de Broglie hypothesis, Bohr’s model.
15. Structure of Atoms and Nuclei
Atomic models, radioactivity, nuclear fission and fusion.
16. Semiconductor Devices
Diodes, transistors, logic gates, applications in communication.
17. Communication Systems
Modulation, demodulation, electromagnetic and optical communication.
Tips for Effective Class 12 Physics Notes
Summarize Each Chapter: Start with a chapter overview, major concepts, and objectives [1] .
Definitions & Laws: Write clear definitions and important laws.
Key Formulas: List formulas with derivations where needed; highlight units.
Diagrams & Graphs: Hand-drawn or neat diagrams improve retention, especially circuit
diagrams, waveforms, etc.
Derivations: Present step-by-step derivations and highlight key assumptions.
Practical Applications: Relate concepts to everyday technology (e.g., AC circuits to
household electricity) [3] .
Solved Examples: Include a variety of numericals after every subtopic for practice.
Short Summaries: Conclude each chapter with a summary of important points.
Sample Notes Format (Example: Current Electricity)
Key Concepts
Electric current: Directed flow of charge, unit: ampere (A).
Ohm’s law: $ V = IR $
Resistivity and conductivity: Definitions, SI units.
Important Formulas
Power: $ P = VI $
Series and parallel circuits: Equivalent resistance
Derivation Example
Derivation of Ohm’s Law using electron drift model.
Diagram
Circuit diagram for Wheatstone bridge or potentiometer.
Applications
Measurement of internal resistance of a cell.
Use of fuses in electric circuits.
Practice Problem
Calculate the current in a circuit with given emf and resistance values.
Exam Pattern Highlights
Theory (70 marks): Objective, short answer, and descriptive questions [4] [3] .
Practicals (30 marks): Experiments, project work, and viva.
MCQs and case-based questions have increased.
Internal choice is available in most sections.
Class 12 Physics requires focusing on NCERT/Balbharati textbooks and practicing with previous
years’ board question papers and sample tests for full preparation [1] [2] [3] .
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1. https://www.aakash.ac.in/board/maharashtra-board-class-12-physics-syllabus
2. https://school.careers360.com/boards/msbshse/maharashtra-board-12th-physics-syllabus-bsar
3. https://www.collegedekho.com/maharashtra-hsc-physics-syllabus-brd
4. https://www.collegedekho.com/maharashtra-hsc-physics-exam-pattern-brd
