Republic Of The Philippines
Deprtment Of Education
Region VI-Western Visayas
Northern Bugasong National High School
Chapter 1
THE IMPACT OF STUDENT’S ABSENTEEISM ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF
GRADE 12 STUDENTS SPECIALIZING COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING NCII OF
NORTHERN BUGASONG NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL OF SCHOOL YEAR 2023-2024.
Background of the Study
Student absenteeism is a critical issue that can adversely affect academic
performance. It is important to understand its impact, particularly among
students specializing in vocational courses like Computer System Servicing NCII.
This study seeks to examine the relationship between student absenteeism and
academic performance in this specific context.
Student absenteeism is a significant concern in educational settings worldwide,
as it can have detrimental effects on academic achievement and overall student
success. According to the World Bank, approximately 260 million children
globally are not enrolled in school, and many of those who are enrolled do not
attend regularly. In the Philippines, absenteeism rates have been a longstanding
issue, particularly in public schools where factors such as poverty, health issues,
and household responsibilities can contribute to students missing school.
Northern Bugasong National High School (NBNHS), located in the municipality of
Bugasong in the province of Antique, Philippines, is no stranger to the challenges
of student absenteeism. The school serves a diverse student population, many of
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Republic Of The Philippines
Deprtment Of Education
Region VI-Western Visayas
Northern Bugasong National High School
whom come from low-income families and face various barriers to regular
attendance. Among the student body, Grade 12 students specializing in
Computer System Servicing NCII are particularly affected by absenteeism.
Computer System Servicing NCII is a vocational course offered at NBNHS that
equips students with the skills and knowledge needed for careers in information
technology and related fields. The course requires practical training and hands-
on experience, making regular attendance crucial for student success. However,
factors such as lack of transportation, health issues, and household
responsibilities can lead to increased absenteeism among these students.
Despite efforts by the school administration and teachers to address
absenteeism, the issue persists, highlighting the need for further investigation
and intervention. Understanding the factors contributing to absenteeism among
Grade 12 students specializing in Computer System Servicing NCII is essential for
developing effective strategies to improve attendance and academic
performance.
This study aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge on student
absenteeism by focusing on a specific cohort of students in a vocational
education setting. By examining the impact of absenteeism on the academic
performance of Grade 12 students at NBNHS, this research seeks to provide
valuable insights that can inform future interventions and policies aimed at
improving educational outcomes for these students.
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Republic Of The Philippines
Deprtment Of Education
Region VI-Western Visayas
Northern Bugasong National High School
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to investigate the impact of student absenteeism on the
academic performance of Grade 12 students at Northern Bugasong National High
School during the school year 2023-2024. The research will explore the
frequency and patterns of absences and how they correlate with student
achievement in core subjects and practical skills related to their specialization.
1. What is the absenteeism rate among Grade 12 Computer System Servicing
NC II students of Northern Bugasong National High School for the school year
2023-2024?
2. Is there a significant difference in the absenteeism rate of Grade 12 Student’s
when classified according to sex, parent’s educational attainment and
subject?
3. Is there a significant difference in the academic performance of Grade 12
Student’s when classified according to sex, parent’s attainment and subject?
4. Is there a significant relationship between a student’s absenteeism and
academic performance?
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Republic Of The Philippines
Deprtment Of Education
Region VI-Western Visayas
Northern Bugasong National High School
Hypothesis
Base on the problems the following hypothesis were formulated:
1. There is no significant difference in the student’s absenteeism when they are
group according to sex, parent’s educational attainment.
2. There is no significant difference in the student’s academic performance when
they are group according sex, parent’s educational attainment and strand.
3. There is no significant difference in the student’s academic performance when
they are group according sex, parent’s educational attainment and strand.
Theoretical Framework
The impact of absenteeism on the academic performance of students is a
complex phenomenon that can be analyzed through various theoretical
frameworks. One such framework is Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems
Theory, which posits that an individual's development is shaped by multiple
interconnected systems. At the microsystem level, the immediate academic
environment is examined, delving into how a student's absence affects
interactions with teachers, peers, and overall classroom dynamics. Additionally,
the mesosystem explores the interplay between the student's absenteeism and
the relationships among school, family, and community, shedding light on how
these interconnected factors influence academic outcomes. This theory provides
a holistic understanding of the contextual layers influencing the impact of
absenteeism on academic performance.
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Republic Of The Philippines
Deprtment Of Education
Region VI-Western Visayas
Northern Bugasong National High School
Social Learning Theory, as proposed by Bandura, contributes to this framework
by emphasizing observational learning. The theory suggests that students learn
from observing the consequences of absenteeism in their peers, influencing their
own attendance patterns and academic engagement. This aspect highlights the
social dynamics at play and the role of peer influence in shaping attendance
behavior. Moreover, the Health-Behavior Model contributes to the framework
by examining the physical health impact of absenteeism on academic
performance. Exploring the correlation between health-related absenteeism and
academic outcomes considers the potential influence of chronic illnesses or
mental health issues, adding a crucial health dimension to the theoretical
framework.
Educational Expectancy-Value Theory further enriches the framework by
exploring the cognitive and motivational aspects of absenteeism. The expectancy
component investigates students' beliefs about the connection between
attendance and academic success, influencing their motivation to attend classes
regularly. Simultaneously, the value component analyzes the perceived
importance of attending classes and how it contributes to the overall academic
goals of the students. This theory provides insights into the cognitive and
motivational mechanisms that underlie the impact of absenteeism on academic
performance.
The Cognitive Load Theory introduces a cognitive perspective by examining how
sporadic attendance might overload students with missed information. This
theory suggests that irregular attendance could hinder students' ability to
process and retain crucial concepts, affecting their overall cognitive load.
Additionally, considering socioeconomic factors within the framework explores
the relationship between income and absenteeism. Factors such as access to
transportation, healthcare, and resources are examined, shedding light on the
socio-economic dimensions influencing students' attendance patterns.
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Republic Of The Philippines
Deprtment Of Education
Region VI-Western Visayas
Northern Bugasong National High School
Motivational Theories, specifically Deci & Ryan's Self-Determination Theory,
contribute by emphasizing autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The
framework explores how absenteeism may relate to a student's sense of
autonomy in their academic journey, perceived competence in the classroom,
and connection with peers and teachers. Understanding the motivational aspects
provides a deeper understanding of the psychological factors influencing
attendance and academic performance.
Finally, the Teacher-Student Relationship Framework focuses on the quality of
interactions between teachers and students. Analyzing the impact of teacher
support on absenteeism considers the role of positive connections in fostering
regular attendance and engagement. This interpersonal dimension adds a crucial
layer to the theoretical framework, acknowledging the significance of teacher-
student relationships in shaping attendance behavior.
In summary, this comprehensive theoretical framework incorporates ecological,
social, cognitive, motivational, and interpersonal perspectives to provide a
nuanced understanding of the impact of absenteeism on the academic
performance of students. By integrating these theories, researchers and
educators can gain insights into the multifaceted dynamics influencing
attendance patterns and their consequences for students' educational outcomes.
Conceptual Framework
The paradigm of the study as shown in figure 1 provide a visual presentation of
the relationship of the variables in the sex, age, and strand shows as a
independent
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Republic Of The Philippines
Deprtment Of Education
Region VI-Western Visayas
Northern Bugasong National High School
variable while the student’s absenteeism and academic performance as a
dependent variable.
Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study
Student’s Absenteeism
Sex
Parent’s Educational
Attainment
Subject
Academic Performance
Scope and Delimitation
This study focuses on investigating the correlation between students'
absenteeism and academic performance specifically within the Grade 12
students specializing in Computer System Servicing NC II at Northern Bugasong
National High School during the school year 2023-2024.
The research will explore factors contributing to absenteeism and its potential
impact on academic performance.
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Republic Of The Philippines
Deprtment Of Education
Region VI-Western Visayas
Northern Bugasong National High School
Significance of the study
The significance of examining the impact of students' absenteeism on the
academic performance of Grade 12 students specializing in Computer System
Servicing NC II at Northern Bugasong National High School for the school year
2023-2024 lies in understanding how attendance patterns correlate with
academic outcomes. This study can provide valuable insights into identifying
potential factors affecting students' engagement and success in the specialized
computer system servicing program, contributing to educational strategies
aimed at improving overall learning outcomes and addressing absenteeism
issues.
Definition of Terms
Students - Individuals who are enrolled in an educational institution and are
actively engaged in learning activities. Students typically attend classes, complete
assignments, and participate in academic and extracurricular activities.
Teachers - Educators who facilitate the learning process by imparting knowledge,
providing guidance, and assessing students' progress. Teachers create and deliver
instructional materials, develop lesson plans, and foster a positive learning
environment.
Parents - Guardians or legal caretakers of students who have primary
responsibility for their children's upbringing, including their education. Parents
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Deprtment Of Education
Region VI-Western Visayas
Northern Bugasong National High School
support their children's academic endeavors, communicate with teachers and
school administrators, and participate in school-related activities.
School Administrator - individual responsible for overseeing the operation and
management of an educational institution. School administrators may include
principals, vice principals, deans, or other administrative staff members who
handle various aspects of school administration, such as curriculum development,
student discipline, budget management, and staff supervision. They play a crucial
role in shaping the overall educational environment and ensuring the effective
functioning of the school.
Absenteeism - The habitual or intentional act of students being consistently
absent from School measured in terms of both frequency and duration of non-
attendance.
Academic Performance -The measurable outcomes of students' educational
achievements, typically assessed through grades, test scores, and overall
academic success in the context of Grade 12 students specializing in Computer
System Servicing NC II.
Grade 12 - The specific grade level within the high school system, typically
comprising students aged 16 to 17, undergoing specialized education in the
chosen field of study, in this case, Computer System Servicing NC II.
Computer System Servicing NC II - A specialized educational program focusing on
the skills and knowledge related to computer systems maintenance, repair, and
servicing, as prescribed by the National Certification (NC) II standards.
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Republic Of The Philippines
Deprtment Of Education
Region VI-Western Visayas
Northern Bugasong National High School
Northern Bugasong National High School - The specific educational institution
serving as the setting for the study, located in the identified geographical area.
School Year 2023-2024 - The designated academic year during which the study is
conducted, encompassing the timeframe for data collection and analysis within
the academic calendar of Northern Bugasong National High School.
Transportation Challenges - Difficulties or barriers related to commuting to and
from school, such as distance, availability of transportation modes, and
associated logistical issues.
Personal Motivation and Interest - Individual students' internal drive and
enthusiasm towards their chosen academic specialization, specifically Computer
System Servicing NC II, influencing their commitment to attendance and
performance.
Academic Environment - The collective conditions within the school setting,
including teaching methodologies, resources, support systems, and policies that
may impact both absenteeism and academic outcomes.
Educational attainment – It refers to the highest level of education completed by
an individual or a population. It typically includes formal educational
qualifications such as degrees, diplomas, certificates, or other credentials earned
from educational institutions. Educational attainment is often used as an
indicator of a person's academic achievement, skills, knowledge, and overall
educational background. It can vary widely among individuals and can influence
various aspects of life, including career opportunities, income potential, and
social mobility.
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Republic Of The Philippines
Deprtment Of Education
Region VI-Western Visayas
Northern Bugasong National High School
Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature
This chapter reviews literature that provides broad and comprehensive bases for the
conduct of this study. This includes topics on: (1)Basic Mathematical skills; (2)
Mathematics Performance; (3) State of the Mathematics Education in the Philippines:
(4) Mathematical Critical Thinking Ability Students: (5) The Development of Critical
Thinking Skills; (6) Improving Critical Thinlong Skills in Higher Education; (7)Barriers to
Critical Thinking, and (Critical Thinking and Gender.
The focus of your literature review should be on studies investigating the
relationship between student absenteeism and academic performance, with a
specific emphasis on students enrolled in technical or vocational programs like
Computer System Servicing NCII (CSS NCII).
Here's a breakdown of key areas to explore our review:
1. Impact of Absenteeism on Academic Performance:
Look for research that establishes a general link between missing school and
lower academic achievement. This will provide a foundation for understanding
the potential consequences of absenteeism in your study.
Pay attention to studies that differentiate between excused and unexcused
absences, as the impact might vary depending on the reason for missing school.
2. Absenteeism in Technical/Vocational Programs:
Search for research specifically focused on absenteeism among students enrolled
in vocational or technical programs like CSS NCII.
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Republic Of The Philippines
Deprtment Of Education
Region VI-Western Visayas
Northern Bugasong National High School
These programs often involve hands-on learning and practical components,
which might influence absenteeism patterns compared to traditional academic
programs.
Consider factors unique to CSS NCII programs, such as potential part-time work
opportunities related to the field, that could contribute to absences.
3. Socioeconomic Factors and Absenteeism:
Explore research on how socioeconomic background might influence student
absenteeism.
This is particularly relevant considering the location of Northern Bugasong
National High School in a rural area. Factors like poverty or the need to
contribute to household income could play a role in absenteeism patterns.
4. Interventions to Reduce Absenteeism:
Research existing strategies and interventions implemented in schools to address
student absenteeism.
Look for programs that have been effective in reducing absences, particularly
those relevant to the context of a vocational program like CSS NCII.
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Republic Of The Philippines
Deprtment Of Education
Region VI-Western Visayas
Northern Bugasong National High School
Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
This study aims to investigate the relationship between student absenteeism and
academic performance among Grade 12 students specializing in Computer
System Servicing NCII (CSS NCII) at Northern Bugasong National High School for
the school year 2023-2024.
The Quantitative research design: This study will employ a quantitative approach
to gather numerical data on absenteeism and academic performance, allowing
for statistical analysis of the relationship between the two variables.
Respondent of the Study
In this study, the respondents will be the Grade 12 students specializing in Computer
System Servicing NCII (CSS NCII) at Northern Bugasong National High School for the
school year 2023-2024.
Data Gathering Instrument
This study will utilize two primary data gathering instruments to investigate the impact
of student absenteeism on academic performance among Grade 12 CSS NCII students at
Northern Bugasong National High School for the school year 2023-2024:
The respondent will have the following options with corresponding numeral
weights interpretation for their answers.
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Republic Of The Philippines
Deprtment Of Education
Region VI-Western Visayas
Northern Bugasong National High School
Data Gathering Procedure
This procedure outlines the methods for collecting data to investigate the
relationship between absenteeism and academic performance among Grade 12
Computer System Servicing NC II students at Northern Bugasong National High
School for the school year 2023-2024.
Target Population:
All Grade 12 students enrolled in the Computer System Servicing NC II program
at Northern Bugasong National High School for the school year 2023-2024.
Data Collection Methods:
School Records:
Obtain official attendance records from the school administration for all Grade
12 Computer System Servicing NC II students.
This data will provide the total number of absences for each student throughout
the school year.
Student Survey:
Develop a self-administered questionnaire for students to anonymously answer.
The questionnaire should gather information on:
Demographic details (age, gender, etc.) (Optional, depending on research focus)
Absenteeism reasons (categorized as illness, extracurricular activities, personal
errands, etc.)
Study habits (e.g., frequency of studying outside class, use of learning materials)
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Republic Of The Philippines
Deprtment Of Education
Region VI-Western Visayas
Northern Bugasong National High School
Perceptions of the impact of absenteeism on their academic performance (open-
ended or scaled response)
Statistical Data Analysis
Certainly, here's a blueprint for analyzing statistical data on the impact of student
absenteeism on academic performance among Grade 12 Computer System
Servicing NCII students at Northern Bugasong National High School for the school
year 2023-2024, assuming you've collected data through the methods outlined
previously:
Data Analysis Plan:
Descriptive Statistics:
Calculate measures of central tendency (mean, median) and variability (standard
deviation) for both absenteeism (number of absences) and academic
performance (grades).
Analyze the distribution of absences and grades (histograms, boxplots).
Correlation Analysis:
Compute the correlation coefficient (e.g., Pearson's r) to assess the strength and
direction of the linear relationship between absences and grades.
A negative correlation indicates that higher absenteeism is associated with lower
grades.
Hypothesis Testing (Optional):
Formulate a hypothesis (e.g., there is a negative correlation between
absenteeism and grades).
Conduct a statistical test (e.g., t-test) to determine if the correlation coefficient is
statistically significant.
Impact of Absenteeism Reasons (if data is collected):
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Republic Of The Philippines
Deprtment Of Education
Region VI-Western Visayas
Northern Bugasong National High School
Group students based on their primary reasons for absence (illness,
extracurricular activities, etc.).
Compare the average absences and grades between these groups using
techniques like ANOVA or independent samples t-tests.
Visualizations:
Create scatter plots to depict the relationship between absences and grades,
with different colors or markers for various absenteeism reasons (if applicable).
Consider boxplots to visually compare the distribution of grades across different
absenteeism categories.
Software Tools:
Spreadsheet software (e.g., Microsoft Excel, Google Sheets) for initial data
cleaning and descriptive statistics.
Statistical software (e.g., R, Python's SciPy library, SPSS) for correlation analysis,
hypothesis testing, and ANOVA.
Expected Outcomes:
The analysis should reveal the extent to which absenteeism is associated with
academic performance among the Grade 12 Computer System Servicing NCII
students.
You might identify specific reasons for absence that have a stronger negative
impact on grades.
The findings can inform strategies to improve student attendance and academic
success in the program.
Limitations to Consider:
The study design (observational) cannot establish causality, only correlation.
Self-reported data (absenteeism reasons) might be influenced by bias.
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Deprtment Of Education
Region VI-Western Visayas
Northern Bugasong National High School
The findings may not be generalizable to other populations or academic
programs.
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Deprtment Of Education
Region VI-Western Visayas
Northern Bugasong National High School
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Deprtment Of Education
Region VI-Western Visayas
Northern Bugasong National High School
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Deprtment Of Education
Region VI-Western Visayas
Northern Bugasong National High School
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Deprtment Of Education
Region VI-Western Visayas
Northern Bugasong National High School
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Deprtment Of Education
Region VI-Western Visayas
Northern Bugasong National High School
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