STEAM TRAPS

Steam & Condensate

Introduction
Water is heated to its boiling
point, producing steam

What is Steam?
Steam is simply the gas that is formed when water is
heated to its boiling temperature at a given pressure. WATER STEAM

A tea kettle is the most common example of producing

steam by heating water to its boiling temperature (212˚F).
In this case, the steam does not develop any pressure
Steam condenses and turns
and is released into the atmosphere. A boiler will generate back to water
steam under pressure by heating a large quantity of water
in a contained system. This pressurized steam will travel
throughout the pipes in the system to where it is needed.
In addition to being created from water, which is readily
available and relatively inexpensive, steam has many other
advantages that make it easy and efficient to work with.

What makes steam desirable to use for heating?

Another benefit of using steam is that steam temperature is directly related to the
pressure of the system. Therefore, by increasing or reducing pressure, it is easy to
increase or reduce the temperature.

The Steam & Condensate Loop

Steam transfers its heat into the room,

and then it condenses back into water
and collects at the bottom of the radiator.
4 This water is referred to as condensate.
The condensate must be continually
The radiators are therefore removed or the radiator will fill up with
3 heated by the steam and water. This is the purpose of a steam trap.
give off heat into the room

Condensate drains
Steam travels up the from the radiator
2 pipe and fills the
radiators with steam Steam
Trap

Steam

Boiler
Pump A Steam Trap allows condensate to
Water be discharged from the radiator and
5 returned back to the boiler. It will
not allow steam to pass.
Steam The steam trap closes when steam
Water is heated under Con Trap is present (trapping the steam) and
den
1 pressure inside of the boiler sate
Re turn opens when condensate is present
and turned into steam A pump may be Line (discharging the condensate).
used to return
condensate to
the boiler

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 STEAM TRAPS
Steam & Condensate
Introduction

Pressure / Temperature Relationship of Steam

Steam is created when water is heated to its boiling temperature until enough heat energy is absorbed to
transform the water from a liquid to a gas. The temperature at which water boils is 212˚F; however, this is the
boiling point of water at 0 psig, or atmospheric pressure. A unique property of steam is that there is a direct
relationship between the pressure at which it is generated and the temperature at which it boils.
The boiling temperature increases as
steam pressure increases. If steam is Temperature (˚F)
generated at a pressure higher than Steam Pressure (psig) Steam Boiling Water
0 psig, the temperature at which the
0 psi = 212˚ F 212˚ F
water boils will be higher than 212˚F.
1 psi = 215˚ F 215˚ F
An abbreviated version of the Saturated
4 psi = 224˚ F 224˚ F
Steam Table is included to show the
10 psi = 239˚ F 239˚ F
exact boiling temperature at various
50 psi = 298˚ F 298˚ F
steam pressures. (The complete steam
100 psi = 338˚ F 338˚ F
table is available in Engineering Section.)
150 psi = 366˚ F 366˚ F
200 psi = 388˚ F 388˚ F
300 psi = 421˚ F 421˚ F

Steam Supplies Heat at a Constant Temperature

Steam does not reduce its temperature when it releases its heat; it just simply changes from a gas back into
water at the same temperature. For example, steam at 50 psig (is at 298˚F; refer to steam chart above) will
condense back to water at 298˚F when it releases its heat energy. In contrast to steam, water reduces in
temperature when it gives up its heat.

What is saturated steam?

Steam that is generated under pressure inside the boiler, while in the presence of boiling water, is referred to
as Saturated Steam. If additional heat is later added to the saturated steam to increase its temperature, it is then
referred to as Superheated Steam. Superheated steam is used in power generation and saturated steam is used for
heating. When saturated steam releases its energy, it condenses back to water. This hot water at or near boiling tem-
perature is referred to

Heating Properties: The energy absorbed by water at its boiling point to transform it from a liquid to a gas is
known as Latent Heat. This Latent Heat is then released by the steam when used for heating. Steam is very
efficient in transferring heat to other processes. Steam, being a gas, allows it to surround any surface it needs to
transfer its heat energy into. When steam transfers its heat, it condenses back into water, which will be drained
away and sent back to the boiler in order to be used again (referred to as Condensate Recovery).

Where else is steam used?

Hospitals and pharmaceutical manufacturers may use steam for the sterilization of medical instruments and
production of medicines, while the petrochemical industry may use steam for processing gasoline from crude oil.
Steam is essential in large scale food processing & manufacturing applications. Large cities, such as New York,
have centralized steam systems for heating large apartment complexes.

Steam Turbines in Power Plants Steam exhaust from power plants Steam used in cities for heat

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STEAM TRAPS
Steam & Condensate
Introduction
Steam Traps
Typical equipment used for process heating in steam systems
A steam jacketed kettle contains a liquid to be heated surrounded by an isolated jacket containing the
steam (steam does not contact the fluid). They are typically found in commercial food processing facilities.
The Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger is used for continuous processes where a liquid to be heated (such as
water), continually flows through the tubes surrounded by the steam.

Steam Jacketed Kettle Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger

(Single tube shown for clarity)
Pressurized
Steam enters Steam is contained
in a “jacket” which Pressurized Shell contains the steam which
surrounds the Steam enters surrounds the tube section in order
Kettle and heats to heat the liquid flowing thru it
the contents
indirectly through
the metal wall
Liquid to be
heated
Hot Water
Exits
Single Tube
shown for
Cold liquid clarity
enters the Cold Water
Condensate tube section Enters
Condensate
discharges & the heated discharges
from below liquid exits from below

Typical pieces of equipment used to control, protect and optimize steam systems
Now that a basic understanding of steam has been provided, let’s introduce some components of the system
and their general purposes:

Steam Traps
Since steam is created from water, it will condense back to water after releasing
its energy during heating. This water, or condensate, must be removed to not only
ensure proper heat transfer, but system safety as well. Removing condensate without
the loss of live steam is the primary function of Steam Traps. Steam traps also
discharge air that is present in the system prior to system start-up.

Pressure Regulators & Control Valves

Steam is generated at the boiler at pressures sufficient to ensure travel throughout the
entire piping system. Pressure Regulating Valves and Control Valves may be used for
temperature control or to reduce the steam pressure generated at the boiler down to
more usable levels.

Condensate Return Pumps

When condensate does not have sufficient pressure to return to the boiler on its own,
mechanical or electric pumps are required to pump the condensate back to the boiler.

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 STEAM TRAPS
Steam & Condensate
Introduction
How does steam flow in a system?
Steam coming from the boiler is distributed throughout the system by pipes referred to as steam mains
or steam supply lines. Since steam is generated under pressure at the boiler, it will travel on its own through
the system. Steam may travel in pipes at velocities exceeding 90 mph; for this reason, care should always
be taken to open and close valves slowly.

What is condensate and why must it be removed from a system?

When steam releases its heat energy, it condenses from a gas back to a liquid. This “condensed” steam is
referred to as condensate... which is nothing more than extremely hot water. As previously discussed, steam
at 50 PSIG condenses back into water at 298˚F. Steam Traps were specifically designed for the removal of
unwanted Condensate and Air.
Condensate will form in steam pipelines due to radiation losses through the pipe walls. Drip Traps remove
condensate from steam pipelines. However, the bulk of the condensate formed in the system occurs in the
heat exchangers and other processes, and must be removed or the system would fill with water and impede
the heat transfer process. In contrast to drip traps, Process Traps remove condensate from the actual process
application (such as a heat exchanger).

System showing use of Steam for Heating in two different Process Applications:
Steam Jacketed Kettle & Tank with Steam Coil (Vat Process)

50 psig
Inlet Pressure

Roof

Steam travels through piping

Process 1 Process 2

Vat
Process
Steam
Jacketed
Kettle
Drip Trap Drip Trap
TD600S TD600S

Steam turns back into

condensate in the
Jacketed Kettle just as it
Condensate Condensate
did in the radiator
illustration
Process Process
Steam Steam
Trap Trap
Condensate
Condensate
Vented
Receiver
Boiler Feed Condensate Return Line
Tank
Boiler
Feed
Pump
Pump

Condensate
Condensate
Return Pump

Note the process steam traps draining condensate from the Steam Jacketed Kettle and the Vat Process, discharging into a condensate
return line. Condensate is then drained into a vented receiver which is used to release flash steam from the hot condensate in order to
neutralize the pressure in the condensate return line. Also note the drip traps used for draining condensate from the steam supply lines.
Other components, such as control valves and pressure regulating valves that would be required to control steam pressures and product
temperatures, have not been included for simplification purposes.

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STEAM TRAPS
Steam & Condensate
Introduction

WHY ARE STEAM TRAPS REQUIRED?

The purpose of the steam trap is to allow Condensate (water that is formed from the condensed steam) and air, to be
discharged from the steam system while preventing the loss of live steam. The steam trap is a special type of valve which
opens when condensate and air are present and closes when steam tries to pass.
CONDENSATE: (condensed steam or water): Any time steam releases its heat energy (latent heat), the steam condenses back
to water. This water is therefore referred to as condensate. This transformation of steam back to liquid condensate will occur
in a radiator heating a room, in a heat exchanger making hot water, in a pipe transferring the steam over long distances, or in
any process that uses steam. If this condensate is not continuously removed, the radiators, heat exchangers and piping will
fill with condensate (water). The removal of condensate from the steam system, while preventing the loss of live steam,
is therefore the primary function of the steam trap.
AIR: Before the steam is turned on and the system is cold, air will exist in all the steam pipes and process equipment, such as
radiators and heat exchangers. This air must be bled from the entire system to allow the steam to enter and reach its intended
designated process. The air is actually pushed thru the system by the incoming steam and automatically bled thru the process
traps at the end of the steam lines or special air vents at the high points in the system. This bleeding of air from the system
allows the steam to enter.

GENERAL APPLICATION CATEGORIES for STEAM TRAPS:

DRIP APPLICATIONS: Drip applications refer to removing the condensate that forms in the steam main and steam supply lines
as opposed to condensate that forms at the actual process (heat exchanger, jacketed kettle, radiator, etc.). When steam loses
its heat energy due to radiation losses through the pipe walls, condensate forms in the pipes. This condensate needs to be
continuously removed, and it is therefore common to have steam traps placed 150–300 feet apart throughout the piping system.
Traps used for this application are referred to as drip traps and have small condensate capacities as opposed to process traps.
Drip traps are not normally relied upon to discharge the air from the system. Air removal is performed by the process traps and
air vents located throughout the system. The most common trap choices for drip applications are the Thermodynamic style for
line pressures over 30 PSIG, and Float & Thermostatic style for line pressures up to 30 PSIG. Inverted Bucket (IB) style traps
are also commonly used for drip trap applications. The orifice of the IB is mounted at the top of the trap which makes them
less susceptible to failure from dirt and pipe scale when compared to other trap types.
PROCESS APPLICATIONS: Process applications refer to removing condensate and air where the actual process using the steam
is taking place. This process could be a heat exchanger making hot water, or a radiator heating a room, or anything else that
requires the use of steam. Traps used for process applications require larger condensate handling capability in contrast to steam
traps that are used for drip applications. Traps used in Process applications also need to be able to discharge large amounts
of air present in the system at start-up. The most common trap choice for process applications are Float & Thermostatic traps
since they do an excellent job of discharging condensate and air. Thermostatic traps make a good choice for process
applications since they also do an excellent job of discharging air and condensate. In contrast, the lack of air venting capability
of the Thermodynamic and Inverted Bucket traps, make these trap types a less desirable choice for most process applications.

Common Types of Steam Traps

Shown below are some of the most common types of steam traps; Float and Thermostatic, Thermodynamic, Thermostatic, as well as a
Thermostatic Air vent. Other common steam trap types are the Inverted Bucket and the Bi-Metal. In the following diagrams, other system
components such as control valves and regulating valves are often required to control steam pressure and process temperatures.
(Some piping components may not be included in the diagrams for simplification purposes.)

Thermostatic Trap Thermodynamic Trap Float & Thermostatic Trap Thermostatic Air Vent
Contains a thermostatic Contains a disc and seat Contains a float-operated Air Vents are used in steam systems
element which allows air arrangement which allows valve to discharge condensate, for the removal of air and other non-
and condensate to be condensate to be discharged, and a thermostatic air vent condensable gases. They are placed
discharged, but closes but will close when steam which discharges air, but will at the end of steam mains and
when steam is present. tries to pass through. close when steam is present. directly on process equipment.

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 STEAM TRAPS
Diagram of a Steam System
DRIP APPLICATION:
Drip applications refer to removing the condensate that forms in the steam pipes as opposed AIR VENT: Placed at the end of steam mains and other
to condensate that forms at the actual process. It is appropriate to have steam traps (drip traps) high points in order to remove air from the system.
placed 150 to 300 feet apart.

steam main steam main

Air Vent OPEN
Discharging Air
on start-up
Trap Trap
OPEN CLOSED

steam Air
condensate

CLOSED
OPEN Trapping
Discharging steam in
Condensate system

Air Vent Roof

Discharges air from the system AV2000
(placed at end of steam main)

Drip Application:
steam supply line

steam supply line

Removes condensate Drip Application:
Process #1 Process #2 Removes condensate
formed in the steam main
(placed every 200 feet) Vat formed in the
Process steam main
Steam
Jacketed
Kettle

Flash Steam
Drip Trap Drip Trap
TD600S TD600S

Process Application:
Removes condensate
formed by the process

F&T F&T
Trap Trap

Drip Application: Process

Trap Process
Removes condensate Trap
formed in the
steam supply line
Drip Trap Drip Trap
TD600 TD600

Vented
Receiver

Condensate pumped back to

the boiler room to be reused PMPC

PROCESS APPLICATION:

Steam Steam
am

Steam
Jacketed Jacketed Kettle
ste

Jacketed Kettle
Kettle
Air Vent Trap CLOSED
Air Vent
OPEN CLOSED Air Vent CLOSED
AIR STEAM
Discharging Air when steam Trapping
on start-up is present steam in system

STEAM

condensate
condensate condensate

Trap OPEN
Discharging
Air Condensate

Process Applications refer to removing condensate and air from the actual process where steam is being used. This process could be a heat exchanger
making hot water, or a radiator heating a room, or anything else that requires the use of steam. Traps used for process applications require larger condensate
handling capability than steam traps used for drip applications and also need to be able to discharge large amounts of air.

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STEAM TRAPS
Steam & Condensate Introduction

Steam Traps
Operation of a Steam System

How does condensate flow through steam traps? Steam Pressure pushes the condensate through the trap.
Every steam trap has an Inlet Pressure (Steam Supply Pressure) and an Outlet Pressure.
The difference between inlet & outlet pressure is referred to as the
Differential Pressure. When the Inlet Steam Pressure is higher than
the Outlet Pressure (Positive Differential Pressure), the steam will Inlet Pressure Outlet Pressure
“PUSH” the condensate through the steam trap.
50
Differential Pressure is an important factor for sizing steam traps
as well as other components, such as regulators and control valves.
The higher the Inlet Pressure in relation to the Outlet Pressure, 0
the more condensate the trap can remove from the steam system.
The trap capacity is therefore a function of the differential pressure
across the trap.

Inlet Pressure Outlet Pressure Differential

(Steam) – (Condensate)
= Pressure
Steam pressure pushes
condensate through the trap
50 psig – 0.0 psig = 50 psi

50 psig
Inlet Pressure

Roof
Air Vent Open
Discharges air
during start-up

0 psig

Flash Steam
Outlet Pressure Process #1 Process #2

Vat
Process
Steam
Jacketed
Kettle
Drip Trap Drip Trap
TD600S TD600S

0 psig

Process 0 psig
Process
Trap Trap
Steam

Drip Trap Drip Trap

TD600 TD600
Vented
Receiver

Condensate Return Line

Condensate flows by gravity
into the flash vessel.
Boiler Pump

Condensate Return Pump Vented Receiver

A mechanical or electric A Vented Receiver maintains
Pump is used to return a pressure of 0 psig inside the
the condensate. condensate return lines by venting
the flash steam generated by
the hot condensate
to the atmosphere.

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 STEAM TRAPS
Steam & Condensate Introduction
Operation of a Steam System

DRIP APPLICATION using a Thermodynamic Trap: Removing condensate from steam mains & steam supply lines
Drip applications refer to removing the condensate that forms in the steam pipes (due to heat losses) as opposed to condensate that
forms at the actual process. It is appropriate to have “Drip traps” placed 150 to 300 feet apart in the steam pipe line, and at any abrupt
changes in direction or elevation. Air discharges through the separate air vent located at the end of the steam line.

Thermostatic Air Vent

The Steam Trap discharges the Condensate OPEN when air is present
& the Air Vent purges the air. and CLOSED when steam
tries to escape.
Incoming steam
pushes air through
the OPEN air vent.

STEAM AIR

Inlet Pressure Outlet Pressure

Drip
Leg

Steam Pressure pushes

condensate through
the steam trap

Inlet Pressure Outlet Pressure Differential

(Steam) – (Condensate)
= Pressure

50 psig – 0.0 psig = 50 psi Thermodynamic Steam Trap Condensate

(TD600S) Discharge
used in Drip Application

PROCESS APPLICATION using a Float & Thermostatic (F&T) Trap: Removing condensate and air from a steam jacketed kettle

Start-Up – Air discharging from system Operation – Condensate discharging from system
Air that entered the system during system shut-down must be Steam now fills the jacket at full operating pressure, heating the
purged so that steam may enter. Float & Thermostatic steam traps contents of kettle. Steam is condensing and the steam pressure in
contain a separate thermostatic air vent for discharging air during the kettle is being relied upon to push the condensate through the
system start-up. steam trap and into the condensate return line.
Note: Additional air vents may be installed on the process or other high points in the system.

Inlet Pressure
Steam pushes air
through the Air Vent Air Steam is now at
in the Steam Trap Full Pressure and
and also through the Air Discharging all Air is discharged Air Vent
auxiliary air vent. Air Vent placed at high from the system CLOSED
point in system. Air vent is
Open when air is present.

Steam Steam
Jacketed Jacketed
Kettle Kettle Inlet Pressure
Air Discharging
Steam Pressure pushes air
through the Thermostatic Steam Pressure pushes
Air Vent in the steam trap condensate through
the steam trap

Air

Float & Thermostatic (F&T) Float & Thermostatic

Air Steam Trap Steam Trap
contains separate
thermostatic air vent Outlet Pressure
Discharging
Condensate

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STEAM TRAPS
Steam & Condensate Introduction

Typical Ways Steam Traps are Installed ... and how this affects the differential pressure.

Depending on the installation of the steam trap, the pressure at the outlet of the trap can vary significantly. It is important to understand
the trap Outlet Pressure as this will affect the differential pressure used for sizing and selecting the appropriate steam trap. Furthermore,
there could be instances where steam supply pressure to the inlet of the trap is insufficient to "push" the condensate into the return line.
The following diagrams show: 1) discharging condensate to atmosphere, 2) discharging condensate into gravity return line, and 3)
discharging condensate into an elevated and/or pressurized return line.

1) Discharging Condensate to Atmosphere:

Steam Pressure “pushes” the condensate through
50 psig the steam trap allowing it to discharge out of
the system (0 PSIG)

Discharging condensate to atmosphere is often done in

larger facilities when it may not be cost-effective or practical
to install long lengths of condensate return lines back to
the boiler.

Inlet Pressure Inlet Pressure: The Pressure in the steam main.

In our case, 50 psig
50 psig Outlet Pressure

Outlet Pressure: Since we are discharging steam trap

0 psig
to atmosphere, 0.0 psig

Inlet Pressure Outlet Pressure Differential

Condensate Discharge (Steam) – (Condensate)
= Pressure
TD600S to Atmosphere
Thermodynamic
Steam Trap 50 psig – 0.0 psig = 50 psi

2) Discharging Condensate to Gravity Return Line (Connected to Vented Receiver):

50 psig
Steam Pressure “pushes” the condensate through
the steam trap allowing it to discharge into gravity
return line (0 PSIG)
Inlet Pressure
50 psig Venting It is always preferable to drain condensate in the direction
Flash
Outlet Pressure Steam of gravity to a condensate return line which leads into a
0 psig vented receiver for condensate collection. In most situations
the vented receiver vents to atmosphere, and is therefore
at a pressure of 0.0 psig.

Inlet Pressure: The Pressure in the steam main.

Inlet Pressure In our case, 50 psig
50 psig
Outlet Pressure: Since the steam trap is being discharged
Condensate flows to a properly sized condensate return
by gravity to the 0 psig line that leads to a vented receiver,
vented receiver Outlet Pressure we assume 0.0 psig
0 psig

Vented
Receiver
Inlet Pressure Outlet Pressure Differential
condensate return
line (Steam) – (Condensate)
= Pressure

Pump 50 psig – 0.0 psig = 50 psi

Condensate returns back to boiler

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 STEAM TRAPS
Steam & Condensate Introduction

3) Discharging Condensate into an Elevated and/or Pressurized Return Line:

Steam Pressure “pushes” the condensate up through

an Elevated return line (15 PSIG)
Condensate Return Lines
are designed to drain by gravity at 0 psig; Total Back Pressure (Outlet Pressure) is the Sum of
however, they often contain unintentional 5 psig Condensate Return Line Pressure + Equivalent
pressure from being undersized or from
the discharge of failed steam traps. Lift Height Pressure
Discharging condensate upward against gravity is the least
desirable scenario; however, in certain instances, it may be
50 psig
the only solution possible. Since condensate must be “lifted”
to an elevation, it adds additional back-pressure to the
discharge (outlet) side of the trap. For this example the
condensate return line pressure is 5 psig. We first need
to calculate Lift Height Pressure :
23.1 ft. Lift Height Pressure = Height x 0.433
23.1 Ft. Equates to
Lift Height 10 psig = 23.1 Ft. X 0.433
Pressure
= 10 psig

Inlet Pressure: Pressure in the steam main.

= 50 psig
Inlet
50 psig 15 psig Outlet Pressure
Outlet Pressure: Since we are discharging steam trap
5 + 10 = 15 psig to a pressurized and elevated condensate
return line, we need to add condensate
Total Back
Pressure return line pressure (5 psig) to
lift height pressure (10 psig)
TD600 = 15 psig
Thermodynamic
Steam Trap
Inlet Pressure Outlet Pressure Differential
(Steam) – (Condensate)
= Pressure
50 psig – 15 psig = 35 psi

Calculating Lift Pressure

A column of condensate in vertical piping results in additional pressure at the outlet of the steam trap.
By knowing the height of the condensate return line, the pressure of this column can be easily calculated as follows:
Lift pressure (psig) = Lift height (ft) x 0.433 (psig/ft)
23.1 Ft. X 0.433 = 10 psig

11.55 Ft. X 0.433 = 5 psig

Weight of the water column A column of water exerts a

creates pressure downward pressure of 1 psi for
every 2.31 ft. of height

23.1 ft.
water column

2.31 Ft. X 0.433 = 1 psig 11.55 ft.

water column

1 psig 5 psig 10 psig

2.31 ft.
water column

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STEAM TRAPS
Steam & Condensate Introduction

Steam Trap Installed after a Control Valve ... which can cause wide variations of trap inlet pressures and condensate loads.
The flow rate and the steam pressure in the jacketed kettle is determined by the temperature control valve. When the process
fluid in the jacketed kettle reaches the desired set temperature, the control valve reduces the flow of steam which, in turn,
reduces steam pressure. The Steam pressure can drop down to 0 psig or below (to sub-atmospheric pressures) to maintain
just the correct amount of steam flow to keep the kettle at the exact set temperature.
With the varying amount of steam that is sent to the process, the amount of condensate that is generated also varies. If the
steam demand is high for a given period, more condensate is generated after the steam is used. When there is a low steam
demand, less condensate is generated.
The appropriate steam trap selected for process applications must be able to adjust to varying condensate loads without
oversizing, and have the capability to remove air from the system.

The Control Valve regulates the

amount of Steam delivered
to the process equipment

50 psig Temperature
Controller

Flash
Steam

Temp
Sensor

30 psig
30 psig
Steam Pressure pushes 0 psig
condensate through
the steam trap
2.3 FT.

Flash
Steam
0 psig F&T Trap
Vented Receiver
A Vented Receiver maintains
Hot
a pressure of 0 psig inside
Inlet Pressure Outlet Pressure Differential Condensate the condensate return
(Steam) – (Condensate)
= Pressure lines by venting the flash
steam generated by
30 psig – 0 psig = 30 psi the hot condensate
Pump to the atmosphere

Why the Steam Trap needs to be placed a minimum distance below Jacketed Kettle
0 psig

When set temperature of the process fluid is reached, the

steam pressure inside the jacketed kettle may reduce to
0 PSIG or even go into Vacuum. To promote condensate
drainage, the steam trap is placed a certain distance below
the process equipment.
2.3 ft. will provide 1 psig of condensate head pressure.
As long as the trap discharges into a gravity return line
Inlet (at 0 psig), there will be 1 psi differential pressure and
1 psig 1 psig
condensate may freely drain.
2.31 ft. 2.3 ft. Pressure = Column Height x 0.433 psi
water column ft
1 psig = 2.31 Ft. x 0.433

2.31 Ft. X 0.433 = 1 psig

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 STEAM TRAPS
Steam & Condensate Introduction
Inverted
Inverted Bucket
Bucket
Typical Process Equipment Which Use Steam for Heating

Batch Processes: Steam Jacketed Kettle

Steam jacketed kettles are used for batch processing and are typically found in commercial food processing facilities. A steam jacketed kettle
contains a liquid to be heated surrounded by an isolated jacket containing the steam (steam does not contact the fluid). Steam enters the kettle
and its heat is then transferred to the liquid through the jacket wall and the condensate is discharged out the bottom. Steam Pressure to the
kettle is controlled by the Steam Supply (Control) Valve. The steam trap is placed a minimum distance below the kettle to promote condensate
drainage when low pressure or partial vacuum exists in the jacket of the kettle (14” is equivalent to 1/2 psi of head pressure).

Pressurized
Steam enters
Jacket of Kettle

Steam is contained
in a “Jacket” which
surrounds the
Kettle and heats the
Liquid to be contents.
heated

Condensate discharges
from below

Steam Trap (not shown) placed a minimum

distance of 14” below kettle to promote
drainage of condensate under vacuum.

Continuous Process: Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers

Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers are used for continuous processes such as heating a continuous flow of water or other liquid. The Shell & Tube
heat exchanger contains multiple tubes inside to optimize heat transfer to the process. In the majority of applications, the process liquid goes
through the inside of the tubes and the steam surrounds the outside of the tubes and is contained within the shell area. The condensate that
is formed from the condensed steam is discharged out of the bottom through a steam trap. Steam Pressure to the heat exchanger is con-
trolled by the Steam Supply (Control) Valve. The steam trap is placed a minimum distance below the heat exchanger to promote condensate
drainage when low pressure or partial vacuum exists in the shell of the heat exchanger (14” is equivalent to 1/2 psi of head pressure).

Pressurized Shell contains the steam which

Steam enters surrounds the tube section in order
Shell of Heat to heat the liquid flowing thru it
Exchanger

Single Tube
shown for
Cold liquid enters the clarity
Tube Bundle of a Shell & Tube tube section & the
Heat Exchanger heated liquid exits
Condensate discharges
from below

Steam Trap (not shown)

placed a minimum distance
of 14” below Heat Exchanger
to promote drainage of
condensate under vacuum.

Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger

Tel: 610-495-5131 • Pottstown PA • USA •• www.watsonmcdaniel.com 17

STEAM TRAPS
Steam & Condensate Introduction

Batch Process Application: Jacketed Kettle ... from Start-Up to Reaching Temperature Set Point
Let’s take a detailed look at a batch process
Steam Control
application using a control valve to heat the Valve
Temperature
Controller
contents of a Jacketed Kettle to a specific Vacuum Air
temperature. Steam will enter the jacket to Breaker Vent
indirectly heat the kettle contents through
a metal wall. Temp Sensor

The condensate load and pressure drop across

the steam trap varies because the control valve Steam
will open and close in response to the temperature Steam
of the contents inside of the kettle. As the valve Jacketed
opens and closes, the steam pressure and steam Steam Kettle
flow in the jacket will vary, affecting the differential Pressure in
pressure across the steam trap and condensate Jacket of
Kettle
load requirements. A Float & Thermostatic steam
trap is the primary choice for the majority of process
applications because of its ability to quickly adjust to
changing condensate loads, as well as having the
capability to discharge air from the system. F&T
TRAP

DIAGRAM 1: DIAGRAM 2:
Start-Up (Air Vents Open) Steam Enters (Trap Fully Open; Air Vents Closed)
On start-up, jacket is filled with air which must first be discharged Once the air has been discharged, steam can fill the jacket. Since
by the Air Vents to allow steam to enter for heating. Float & the kettle is cool, the control valve will open to allow as much
Thermostatic steam traps contain a separate thermostatic vent, steam as possible to fill the jacket and begin heating the contents
and can discharge large volumes of air present during system startup. in the kettle. The steam trap must adjust to the high condensate
Additional air vents may be installed on the kettle. The faster air is load as the steam is entering and building pressure.
expelled, the faster steam can enter and heating can begin.

Air Vent OPEN

Discharges air during start-up Air Vent CLOSED
Steam Temperature Closes Air Vent

Air Air
Vent Vent
OPEN CLOSED

Steam
Air
Presence of air Heating
prevents begins
heating
Air Vent CLOSED
Air Vent OPEN When steam
Air Discharges air is present
during start-up
Steam Steam
Pressure Pressure
in Jacket Air in Jacket
of Kettle Control Valve of Kettle
Control Valve (low pressure) (high pressure)
FULLY OPEN FULLY OPEN

Air
Trap Fully OPEN
Discharging Condensate

Air Discharging from Process on Start-Up Temperature of Steam causes Air Vents to Close

18 www.watsonmcdaniel.com •• Pottstown PA • USA • Tel: 610-495-5131

 STEAM TRAPS
Steam & Condensate Introduction

DIAGRAM 3:
Nearing Set Temperature
(Trap Partially Open)
As the temperature of the kettle contents nears
set point, less steam will be required and the control
valve will modulate toward a partially open position.
As this happens, steam pressure decreases in the
jacket and therefore the pressure differential across
Air Vent CLOSED the steam trap will likewise decrease. The steam
Steam trap will then adjust to the lower condensate
Pressure flow generated.
in Jacket
of Kettle
Control Valve (low pressure)
PARTIALLY
OPEN

Trap Partially OPEN

Process Liquid is nearing Set Temperature

DIAGRAM 4:
Temperature Set Point Achieved (Steam Flow Reduced; Since Only Required to Maintain Temperature)
Once the set temperature is achieved, a significantly less amount of steam is required to maintain the temperature of the product inside the
jacketed kettle. The steam supply valve will modulate to a near shut-off condition, dropping the pressure, and the kettle may be operating in
vacuum. This action will impede the discharge of condensate as the pressure in the jacket will be less than atmospheric. Therefore, a vacuum
breaker is required to allow air to enter the jacket and equalize the pressure. This then allows drainage of condensate through the steam trap
by gravity.

System without System with

Vacuum Breaker Vacuum Breaker
Vacuum Breaker OPEN
Vacuum breaker equalizes
Condensate does not freely drain the pressure in the jacket
because of negative pressure differential and allows head pressure
(i.e. atmospheric pressure at 0 psig is to "push" condensate
higher than jacket pressure at -5 psig) through the steam trap

Condensate
Backs Up
into Jacket
of Kettle

-5 psig
0 psig

Steam
Pressure
Control Valve in Jacket Steam 2.31 Ft. 1 psig
Pressure
PARTIALLY OPEN of Kettle Control Valve in Jacket
(vacuum)
Condensate PARTIALLY OPEN of Kettle
(atmospheric)
Condensate does not drain freely (0 psig)
0 psig
0 psig

Tel: 610-495-5131 • Pottstown PA • USA •• www.watsonmcdaniel.com 19

STEAM TRAPS
Steam & Condensate Introduction

Continuous Process Application: Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger

Steam Same as inlet

Let’s take a detailed look at a continuous process Inlet Steam pressure to
pressure to pressure to
application using a control valve on a Heat Exchanger Control
Heat steam trap
Control Valve
to heat a variable flow rate of water to a constant Valve Temperature Exchanger
temperature. Cold water enters the Heat exchanger Controller Vacuum Air
and hot water is discharged at an elevated temperature. Breaker Vent

The condensate load and pressure drop (differential

pressure) across the steam trap are not constant.
Therefore, it is important to select a steam trap that
can handle high condensate loads at very low pressure
Steam
drops, without significantly oversizing the steam trap Temp Sensor
during normal operation.
A temperature control valve will modulate between an
open and closed position to deliver the proper amount
of steam to a heat exchanger to maintain the outlet water
Heat
at a desired temperature. During this process, the steam Exchanger
pressure in the heat exchanger will vary depending on
the flow rate of heated water produced. The higher the
flow rate of water – the higher the steam pressure in the hot F&T
heat exchanger will be. Conversely, when water flow is water cold TRAP
reduced, steam pressure is reduced. outlet water
inlet

DIAGRAM 1: DIAGRAM 2:
Start-Up (Air Vents Open) Steam Enters (Trap Fully Open; Air Vents Closed)
On start-up, heat exchanger is filled with air which must first be Since the water temperature is cold, the control valve is fully open
discharged by the Air Vents to allow steam to enter for heating. to allow as much steam as possible to fill the heat exchanger.
Float & Thermostatic steam traps contain a separate thermostatic vent, The steam trap must adjust to the high condensate load as the
and can discharge large volumes of air present during system startup. steam is entering and building pressure. This steam pressure in
Additional air vents may be installed on the heat exchanger. The faster the shell of the heat exchanger pushes the condensate through
air is expelled, the faster steam can enter and heating can begin. the steam trap and into the return line.

High Air Vent CLOSED

Low Steam Temperature
Inlet Pressure Air Vent OPEN Pressure
pressure to Releases air Closes Air Vent
Same as Steam
Control during start-up pressure
Valve Inlet
pressure to Heat
Exchanger Air
to Steam Air Vent
Trap Vent Closed
Open

Air STEAM
STEAM

AIR Trap CLOSED Air Vent CLOSED

Air Vent OPEN when steam
Discharging Air is present
on start-up
STEAM

AIR

condensate

condensate

Trap Fully OPEN

Air Discharging
Condensate

20 www.watsonmcdaniel.com •• Pottstown PA • USA • Tel: 610-495-5131

 STEAM TRAPS
Steam & Condensate Introduction

DIAGRAM 3: DIAGRAM 4:
Typical Running Load High Running Load
The temperature control valve will automatically adjust the flow of steam When a high flow rate of heated water is required, the control valve will
(lbs/hr) to coincide with the flow rate of heated water (GPM). The higher open accordingly to allow more steam (lbs/hr) and steam pressure (psi)
the flow rate, the higher the steam pressure will be. The steam pressure in to enter the heat exchanger. During times of high water usage, there will
the shell of the heat exchanger is indirectly determined by the amount of also be a significant increase in the condensate load (lbs/hr), as well as
water flowing through the heat exchanger. The steam (lbs/hr) turns into higher steam pressure in the shell of the heat exchanger. This high
condensate (lbs/hr) and is discharged through the steam trap. pressure steam will push the condensate through the steam trap.
Inlet Steam Inlet Steam
Pressure varies Pressure varies
directly with directly with
water flow water flow
50 psig rate 50 psig rate

10 psig 30 psig

STEAM

STEAM

STEAM

Typical
flow rate of High
hot water flow rate of
hot water Condensate flow
Condensate flow through trap matches
through trap matches the steam load
the steam load

DIAGRAM 5:
Low Running Load
When the demand for hot water is low, the steam control valve will adjust accordingly, allowing just enough steam to heat the reduced flow of water.
The pressure in the shell of the heat exchanger will go into vacuum, preventing discharge of condensate. Therefore, a vacuum breaker is used to allow
air to enter the shell and equalize the pressure, allowing drainage of condensate through the steam trap by gravity.

System with System without

Vacuum Breaker Vacuum Breaker

Sub-atmospheric
Pressure
0 psig
OPEN - 5 psig
Vacuum Vacuum
Breaker causes
Condensate
to Back Up
into Heat
Exchanger

1 psig
Head Pressure
1 psig
Low flow rate
2.31 ft. of hot water
water column

Condensate flows Condensate will not flow

0 psig through trap without a vacuum breaker
2.31 Ft. X 0.433 = 1 psig

Tel: 610-495-5131 • Pottstown PA • USA •• www.watsonmcdaniel.com 21

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 STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps
Inverted
Table Bucket
of Contents

Inverted Bucket
No Strainer Strainer Body Material PMO (PSIG) Sizes Connections Page No.

SIB/SIBH Stainless Steel 450 1/2”, 3/4” NPT, SW, 86-87

IB 1031 IB 1041 Cast Iron 150 1/2”, 3/4” NPT 88-93
IB 1032 IB 1042 Cast Iron 250 1/2”, 3/4”, 1” NPT 88-93
IB 1033 Cast Iron 250 1/2”, 3/4” NPT 88-93
Stainless Cast IB 1034 IB 1044 Cast Iron 250 3/4”, 1” NPT 88-93
Steel Iron IB 1038S Cast Iron 250 11/4”, 11/2” NPT 88-93

Quick-Change Universal Style

Model Type PMO (PSIG) Sizes Connection Page No.

USIB450 Inverted Bucket 450 1/2”, 3/4”, 1” Universal Connector 100

UFT450 Float & Thermostatic 225 1/2”, 3/4”, 1” Universal Connector 102
UTD450 Thermodynamic 450 1/2”, 3/4”, 1” Universal Connector 104-107
UTD600 Thermodynamic 600 1/2”, 3/4”, 1” Universal Connector 104-105
UT450 Thermostatic 450 1/2”, 3/4”, 1” Universal Connector 108
UB450 Bi-Metallic 450 1/2”, 3/4”, 1” Universal Connector 110

Clean Steam
Model Body Material PMO (PSIG) Sizes Connections Page No.
FDA300 Stainless Steel 90 11/2” Tri-Clamp 113
FDA400 Stainless Steel 90 1/2”, 3/4” Tri-Clamp 114
FDA500 Stainless Steel 90 1/2”, 3/4”, 1” Tri-Clamp, NPT, TW 116
FDA600 Stainless Steel 110 1/2”, 3/4”, 1” Tri-Clamp, NPT, TW 118
FDA800 Stainless Steel 150 1/2” Tri-Clamp, NPT, TW 119

Bi-Metallic
Model Body Material PMO (PSIG) Sizes Connections Page No.
WPN-40 Carbon Steel 470 1/2” – 2” NPT, 150# / 300# FLG, SW, BW 120
WPN-63 Alloy Steel 823 1/2” , 3/4”, 1” NPT, 300# FLG, SW, BW 120
WPN-100 Alloy Steel 1220 1/2” , 3/4”, 1” NPT, 600# FLG, SW, BW 120
WPN-160 Alloy Steel 1620 1/2” , 3/4”, 1” NPT, 900# FLG, SW, BW 120
WPN-250 Alloy Steel 2260 1/2” , 3/4”, 1” NPT, 1500# FLG, SW, BW 120

Manifolds Page 126

The FM / FSM Series Manifolds are used for steam distribution to the
tracing system and for condensate collection.

Tel: 610-495-5131 • Pottstown PA • USA •• www.watsonmcdaniel.com 23

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 STEAM TRAPS
STEAM TRAPS Introduction
Steam Trap Selection Guidelines

Thermodynamic Traps:
The Thermodynamic Trap is simple and compact with a single moving part (disc) which opens
to discharge condensate and closes in the presence of steam. Body materials available are
Stainless and Alloy Steels for pressures up to 3,600 psig.
Typical Applications: Widely used on higher pressure drip applications and critical tracing
applications (where condensate back-up is not permitted).
Advantages: Rugged design, operation is easy to check due to distinct cyclic operation,
Most Common Use: relatively small with lower capacities, single model operates over wide pressure range in
General service drip & tracing contrast to mechanical traps, excellent for superheated steam, self-draining when mounted
applications above 30 psig, vertically to prevent freezing.
as well as high-pressure drip
Other Factors to Consider: Limited air venting, wet climates can increase cycle rates, sensitive
applications with superheat.
to excess back pressure, blast discharge may not be preferred in some systems

Thermostatic Traps:
A Thermostatic Trap contains a heavy-duty, industrial-purpose welded stainless steel thermal
element designed to control condensate discharge by sensing the temperature difference
between steam and cooler condensate. Body materials available are Cast Iron, Stainless and
Alloy Steels with thermal element designs available for pressures up to 650 psig. The WPN
Series Bi-metallic design will handle presssures up to 2,260 psig.
Typical Applications: Extremely versatile and energy efficient, these traps are suitable for
a wide range of applications. Thermal element designs are suitable for applications ranging
from general service drip and tracing applications to small-to-medium batch style processes.
Bi-metal designs can be used in high pressure, superheated drip applications or in lower
pressure tracing applications.

Most Common Use: Advantages: Self-draining when mounted vertically to prevent freezing, single model
Industrial style Thermostatic operates over wide pressure range in contrast to mechanical traps, small and compact with
Traps are extremely versatile. similar capacities to larger mechanical traps (F&Ts & IBs), superior air venting capabilities,
Their use can range from general welded stainless steel thermal element and bimetal elements are extremely rugged, moderate
service drip & tracing applications discharge due to reduced flash steam, choose between fail-open or fail-closed bellows.
to small-to-medium batch process Other Factors to Consider: Some condensate back-up can be expected, thermal element
heating applications. design not recommended for superheated applications.

Inverted Bucket Traps:

The Inverted Bucket Trap uses an inverted bucket as a float device to control the opening
and closing of the plug and seat to discharge condensate. Body materials available are Cast Iron
and Stainless Steel for pressures up to 450 psig. (IB traps are referred to as mechanical traps.)
Typical Applications: These traps have a discharge orifice positioned at the top of the trap
body which make them ideal for drip applications on systems containing excessive pipe scale
and debris. They may be considered for process applications where air venting is less of a
concern or handled by a separate air vent.
Advantages: Rugged and simple design, top-mounted discharge orifice less susceptible to
failure from dirt and debris, service life often exceeds other style traps.
Most Common Use:
Used on drip applications Other Factors to Consider: Limited air venting capabilities, can lose its prime causing it to
where excessive dirt and debris fail, narrow operating pressure ranges require more care during selection, not self-draining
may be of significant concern. therefore subject to freezing, single position installation, fixed orifice on bucket allows small
They can serve as alternatives steam leakage, physical size can be large and require additional support.
to F&T's in process applications
where air venting is not required by
the steam trap.

Tel: 610-495-5131 • Pottstown PA • USA •• www.watsonmcdaniel.com 25

STEAM TRAPS
STEAM TRAPS Introduction
Steam Trap Selection Guidelines • DRIP Applications

DRIP Applications • Sizing a Trap for Draining a Steam Main

Drip applications refer to the removal of condensate formed in steam lines due to the radiant heat loss of the hot steam
pipes to surrounding air and are required for the protection of the steam system. (Drip Traps remove the condensate from
the steam lines where the process traps remove condensate being generated by the actual process.) Drip traps should
be placed 150 to 300 feet apart on straight runs of piping, before elevation changes, and before critical
equipment such as Regulators and Control Valves. See description below of typical drip leg configurations.

Steam moving at high velocity can engulf a Condensate must be removed from
slug of condensate and propel it at extremely steam lines to protect piping systems from
high speeds down the length of a pipe. dangerous water hammer conditions.

Why Condensate Safety Load Factors and Warm-up Loads need to be considered:
During start-up, when the piping system is cold and steam begins to flow thru the pipes, steam is condensing very
quickly because of the energy required to heat all the cold surfaces. Furthermore, the steam pressure in the system
which is required to push the condensate through the steam trap into the return line, is low before the system comes
up to full pressure. Therefore, condensate is being generated at a maximum rate and the steam pressure used to push
the condensate out of the system is at a minimum. If the traps are sized for the normal running loads and
normal system pressures, then they would be undersized for the start-up condition.
In a supervised start-up, condensate drain valves located throughout the system, are manually opened to drain
excessive condensate generated by the cold piping system; relying less on the steam traps. Therefore, the steam
traps selected for a system with a supervised start-up can be more closely sized for the actual normal running load.

Drip Leg in a Steam Main Drip Leg Before Regulator or Control Valve
Drip Leg Design Criteria: Drip Legs should be installed directly ahead of regulators
• For systems with automatic start-up, and control valves to minimize erosion to valve trim and
L to be 28” minimum flooding of valve bodies.
(= 1 PSI minimum head pressure)
• Drip leg diameter should be equal to steam
main diameter (up to 4” in size) Branch lines should always be taken
off the top of the steam main pipe.

Steam Main Pressure

Steam Main
Regulating
Valve
Steam Supply Line

Large diameter drip legs ensure

that condensate in steam main
is properly collected. Length of
DRIP LEG

drip leg gives head pressure to

L drain the trap after shutdown. Gate
Valve
DRIP LEG

6” To
Min. Strainer TD600L condensate
Drip Trap return
To
TD600L condensate
Dirt Pocket Strainer Drip Trap
Drain for accumulation return
Valve of pipe scale & debris
Drain Valve Drain
used to Valve Strainer recommended to prevent
discharge dirt from entering trap
debris

26 www.watsonmcdaniel.com •• Pottstown PA • USA • Tel: 610-495-5131

 STEAM TRAPS
STEAM TRAPS Introduction
Steam Trap Selection Guidelines • DRIP Applications

Sizing Example: Size a drip trap for an 8” steam main with 100 psig steam pressure. Traps should be placed
every 200 ft. A 2x safety factor based on Warm-Up load will be used.

• Based on Warm-Up Load Chart: 100 lbs/hr of condensate is generated per 100 feet length of pipe.
• Warm up load for 200 ft. length is therefore, 200 lbs/hr (2 x 100 lbs/hr)
• If a 2x safety factor based on warm-up load is used, we require a trap with a capacity of 400 lbs/hr
• Actual running load for 100 ft. length = 41 lbs/hr
• Actual running load for 200 ft. length = 82 lbs/hr

Warm-Up Loads in Pounds of Condensate per hour per 100 ft. of Steam Main
Outside Temperature at 70˚F
Steam Pipe Size 0˚F
Pressure Correction
(PSIG) 2” 21/2” 3” 4” 5” 6” 8” 10” 12” 14” 16” 18” 20” 24” Factor †
20 8.4 13.4 17.5 24.9 33.8 44 66 93 124 146 191 241 284 396 1.37
60 11.0 17.5 22.9 32.6 44 57 86 122 162 192 250 316 372 518 1.29
100 12.8 20.3 26.6 37.8 51 67 100 142 188 222 290 366 431 600 1.26
125 13.7 21.7 28.4 40 55 71 107 152 200 238 310 391 461 642 1.25

Running Loads in Pounds of Condensate per hour per 100 ft. of Steam Main
Outside Temperature at 70˚F
Steam Pipe Size 0˚F
Pressure Correction
(PSIG) 2” 21/2” 3” 4” 5” 6” 8” 10” 12” 14” 16” 18” 20” 24” Factor †
20 8 9 11 14 17 20 26 32 38 42 48 51 57 68 1.50
60 10 12 14 18 24 27 33 41 49 54 62 67 74 89 1.45
100 12 15 18 22 28 33 41 51 61 67 77 83 93 111 1.41
125 13 16 20 24 30 36 45 56 66 73 84 90 101 121 1.39

† For outdoor temperatures of 0˚F, multiply load value selected from table by correction factor shown.

Trap Selection: Reference the TD600S Series Capacity Chart below based on inlet steam pressure.
Enter the chart under 100 psig inlet pressure to compare the capacities of different models.
The 1/2” TD600LS will be capable of discharging 375 lbs/hr of condensate at 100 psig steam pressure. The capacity
is slightly less than the load calculated based on warm-up load with 2x safety factor, however, this trap selection
would be a suitable choice since its capacity is well in excess of what is actually required. These loads are indicative
of drip applications and lend support as to why only reduced capacity 1/2" TD600L or 3/4" TD600L traps are
required for the majority of drip applications.

C A PA C I T I E S – Condensate (lbs/hr)
Inlet Pressure Steam Inlet Pressure (PSIG)
(Steam) Size Model Code
3.5 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 75 100
1/2” TD600LS-12-N
180 185 190 195 200 215 220 230 250 310 375
1” TD600LS-14-N
3/4” TD600LS-13-N 300 315 350 380 415 440 470 515 580 710 825

100 1/2” TD600S-12-N 300 315 350 380 415 440 470 515 580 710 825
3/4” TD600S-13-N 415 430 475 520 565 610 650 720 825 1020 1185

Steam Pressure
pushes condensate
through trap

Tel: 610-495-5131 • Pottstown PA • USA •• www.watsonmcdaniel.com 27

STEAM TRAPS
STEAM TRAPS Introduction
Steam Trap Selection Guidelines • DRIP Applications
Drip Applications
The trap models in the chart below are for drip applications for the protection of steam mains and steam supply lines. When traps
listed below are installed every 200 feet, they will have adequate capacity to handle typical warm-up loads in properly insulated
8” steam mains. See Warm-up Load Chart in Engineering Section. Several models listed will handle steam mains considerably larger
than 8”. Steam pipe size, the distance between traps, insulation quality, ambient temperatures and start-up conditions should all be
considered. Consult factory if additional guidance is required.

Thermodynamic Float & Thermostatic Thermostatic Inverted Bucket

Model Size Model Size Model Size Model Size

Parallel Pipe Connection

(Cast Iron) Cast Iron
PSIG

30 PSIG WFT-125 PMO=125 3/4” IB1031-150 1/2”

PMO=150 3/4”
0 to 125

PSIG
Non-Repairable In-Line Pipe Connection
(Ductile Iron) Stainless Steel
TD600L & TD600LS 1/2”

0 to 150
FTT-145 PMO=145 1/2” • 3/4”
PSIG

3/4” SIB150 1/2”

PMO=150 3/4”
30 to 150

Repairable Universal Quick-Change

Repairable
UFT450-145 PMO=145 (Cast Iron) Universal Quick-Change
TD700S 1/2” • 3/4”
WT2501 1/2” USIB450-150 PMO=150
Universal Quick-Change 3/4”
125 PSIG
UTD450LSM (Limited to 250 PSI)
PSIG

In-Line Pipe Connection

(Ductile Iron)
125 to 225

150 PSIG Non-Repairable 150 PSIG

FTT-225 PMO=225 1/2” • 3/4”
(Stainless Steel)
PSIG

Cast Iron
Universal Quick-Change

PSIG
WT2001 1/2” IB1032-250 PMO=250 1/2” • 3/4”
0 to 650

UFT450-225 PMO=225 3/4”

125 to 250
Stainless Steel
225 PSIG SIBH-250 PMO=250 1/2” • 3/4”
Repairable
NOTE: (Stainless Steel) Universal Quick-Change
PSIG

Non-Repairable The WFT-125, FTT-145 and FTT-225

have adequate capacity for draining WT3001 1/2” USIB450-250 PMO=250
TD600L & TD600LS 1/2” steam mains and steam supply lines. 3/4”
150 to 600

3/4” For pressures below 65 PSI, the WFT-075 250 PSIG

or the FTT-065 can be used if a larger
discharge orifice and increased capacity Universal Quick-Change NOTE:
Repairable is required.
IB Models up to a PMO of 250
TD700HS 1/2” UT450 shown above, have adequate capacity
3/4” (Limited to 450 PSI) for draining steam mains and steam
supply lines.
On lower pressure systems, models
Universal Quick-Change with lower PMO ratings can be used
if a larger discharge orifice and
UTD600LSM increased capacity is required.

600 PSIG

650 PSIG
600 - 900

Repairable
TD900S 1/2” , 3/4”
TD900LS (Light Loads)

900 PSIG

28 www.watsonmcdaniel.com •• Pottstown PA • USA • Tel: 610-495-5131

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STEAM TRAPS
STEAM TRAPS Introduction
Steam Trap Selection Guidelines • TRACING Applications

Tracing Applications
Steam tracing refers to using steam to indirectly elevate the temperature of a product or process by using tubing or
some type of jacketing device filled with steam. In a typical steam tracing application, stainless steel or copper tubing is
filled with steam and is coiled or wrapped around the outside of a pipe or tank containing material that requires heating.
The steam inside the tubing transfers its heat to the material in the pipe or tank; to stop it from freezing or to lower its
viscosity to allow it to flow more easily. A steam trap is required for tracing to remove the condensate and air from the
system. The most common trap choice for tracing applications is the Thermostatic type. Depending on the particular
tracing application, it is often desirable to have some amount of condensate backup in the tubing.

Steam Tracing Applications: Primary Trap Choice Special Notes

Typical Service: Some condensate Thermostatic traps are suitable for the majority
• Thermostatic of steam tracing applications; for critical steam
back-up preferable
tracing applications, where no back-up of
Critical Service: No back-up of condensate can be tolerated, thermodynamic
condensate permitted • Thermodynamic traps should be used.

Heating Vertical Pipelines Heating Horizontal Pipelines

Tubing can be wrapped around Tubing should not be wrapped around horizontal pipelines
the piping with a steam trap installed or condensate will collect at low points. After shutdown,
at the low point to allow condensate condensate retained in the system could potentially freeze.
to freely drain by gravity. Partial back-up Therefore, tracing tubing should be run parallel to any piping
of condensate using thermostatic trap. and sloped slightly towards the steam trap to promote
condensate drainage.

WT2000
Thermostatic TD600
(5˚F - 10˚F subcool) Thermodynamic
Thermostatic Traps
Trap

Bi-Metal Steam Trap with Adjustable

Discharge Temperature (WT5000)
For applications where overheating of product fluids By increasing subcool,
in a pipeline may be a concern, an Adjustable Bi-Metal hot condensate can be
Steam Trap, such as the WT5000 (shown), should be made to back-up into
considered. The discharge temperature of the hundreds of feet into
condensate can be manually adjusted to control the tracing lines if required.
amount of condensate back-up in the tracing tubing.
This technique can be used to control the temperature WT5000
of the product in the pipeline. Bi-Metal

WT5000

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 STEAM TRAPS
STEAM TRAPS Introduction
Steam Trap Selection Guidelines • PROCESS Applications

Process Steam Trap Selection Guidelines

This guide is intended to provide the user with a "starting point" for the selection of Watson McDaniel steam traps.
Steam trap selection can appear to be overwhelming given the range of applications and trap choices available.
Selection criteria for a specific application may include pressure & temperature ratings, capacity, physical size &
weight, and materials.

Batch Process - Steady Demand

Batch type processes typically have steady demand as a batch of products is heated to a certain temperature.
They tend not to experience rapid changes in steam pressure and steam flow. Common examples of such processes
are: • Unit Heaters • Storage Tank Coils • Jacketed Vessels • Pipe Coils
The primary steam trap type for process equipment is a Float & Thermostatic. The WFT & FTT Series in Cast Iron
and Ductile Iron are the most cost-effective solutions to most applications. The FTE Series is for higher capacity
applications. The FT600/601 Series traps are available in Cast Steel or Stainless Steel which may be specified for
refineries and higher pressure applications. Since rapid pressure changes do not typically occur with batch processes,
Thermostatic Bellows traps can also be selected. The WT2000, WT3000 & WT4000 Series have Stainless Steel bodies
and may be preferred for outdoor applications to Cast Iron F&T traps, particularly when a potential for freezing exists.

Continuous Process - Varying Demand • Heating Processes (high to ultra-high capacity)

These applications use steam to heat a continuous flowing product. The modulation of the control valve results in
rapid change in steam pressure and flow. Common examples of such processes are:
• Heat Exchangers • Air Handling Coils • Instantaneous Water Heaters
The primary steam trap type for process equipment is a Float & Thermostatic. The WFT & FTT Series in Cast Iron
and Ductile Iron are the most cost-effective solutions to most applications. The FTE Series is for higher capacity
applications. The FT600/601 Series traps are available in Cast or Stainless Steel which may be specified for refineries
and for higher pressure applications.

Safety Load Factors (SLF’s) and appropriate rules to size steam traps
The largest condensate load occurs when the maximum steam pressure is present in the Heat Exchanger (HX). However,
if the steam trap is selected based on the maximum condensate load at maximum pressure, it will not be adequately sized
at lower differential pressures. This is because the capacity of a steam trap depends on the differential pressure across the
trap (less pressure means less capacity) and trap capacity decreases at a significantly faster rate than condensate load
when the steam pressure drops. When temperature control valves are used to control steam flow to a HX, the pressure may
reduce to 0 psig or less. The pressure available to discharge condensate would then be based on head pressure of the
drop leg. A drop leg length of 14" will produce a head pressure of ½ psig.

Use the following rules and safety factors for the three categories of process applications. This should assure the
trap has adequate capacity at lower differential pressure and not be drastically oversized when operating at full pressure.

I For applications NOT containing a Temperature Control Valve and operate at fairly constant steam pressures; select a
steam trap that will handle 2X the maximum condensate load at the maximum differential pressure.
For Example: if a process will generate 5,000 lbs/hr at 50 psi differential pressure, then choose a trap that can handle
10,000 lbs/hr at 50 psi.

II For applications WITH a Temperature Control Valve and steam pressures OVER 30 PSI; select a steam trap that will
handle 2.5X the maximum condensate load at the maximum differential pressure.
For Example: if a process is expected to generate 5,000 lbs/hr at 50 psi differential pressure, then choose a trap that
can handle 12,500 lbs/hr at 50 psi.

III For applications WITH a Temperature Control Valve and steam pressures UNDER 30 PSI; calculate the maximum
condensate load at the maximum differential pressure; select a steam trap that will handle this maximum amount of
condensate at ½ psi differential pressure. For Example: if a process is expected to generate 5,000 lbs/hr at 15 psi
differential pressure, then choose a trap that can handle 5,000 lbs/hr at ½ psi differential pressure. The purpose of the
½ psi differential pressure is to allow condensate to properly drain when system pressure goes into vacuum. This
assumes the installation of a vacuum breaker and a drop leg of at least 14" in length (for ½ psig) below the HX to
give proper condensate head pressure to the steam trap, and trap discharge to atmospheric pressure (0 psig).

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STEAM TRAPS

STEAM TRAPS Introduction

Steam Trap Selection Guidelines • PROCESS Applications

PROCESS Applications • Sizing a Trap for Heat Exchanger Application

Goal: Select appropriate model and size steam trap for Process Water Heating application using a Shell & Tube Heat
Exchanger in which a maximum of 18 GPM of water is being heated from 45-140˚F. Steam Pressure to the control valve
is 40 PSI. The trap is discharging to a condensate return line at atmospheric pressure (0 psig back pressure)

Steam Pressure in the HX varies

System directly with water flow rate Example: Conditions of Service at Max Load
Pressure
40 psig • Maximum water load to be heated = 18 GPM
Vacuum • Temperature Rise: (140˚F - 45˚F) = 95°F
Breaker
20 psig 1 Calculate Maximum Condensate Load
STEAM
Using the formula below, to approximate steam load based on
water flow rate (GPM) and temperature rise, a Steam Flow of
855 lbs/hr is required; therefore, 855 lbs/hr of condensate
will likewise be generated.

Steam (lbs/hr) = GPM x Temp. Rise (˚F)

2

18 x 95˚F
Hot 0 psig
= = 855 lbs/hr
Cold
2
Water
140˚F Water Steam Flow (lbs/hr) = Condensate Load (lbs/hr)
45˚F
Condensate (lbs/hr) = 855 lbs/hr
Max Flow Rate
of Hot Water Condensate Load (lbs/hr)
18 GPM equals steam load (lbs/hr)
0 psig back pressure

2 Determining the Differential Pressure (ΔP) Across the Trap at the Maximum Condensate Load
In order to size the steam trap, we must first know the pressure in the HX at the Max Condensate Load. This steam
pressure is determined by the physical size of the HX. (note that a larger HX uses lower steam pressure while a smaller
HX requires a higher steam pressure to heat the same flow of water). If the pressure of the HX is not known, assume
50% of the Pressure at the inlet of the control valve is required in the HX to heat the maximum flow of 18 GPM of water.
We therefore have (40 psig x 0.5 = 20 psig) 20 psig steam pressure at 855 lbs/hr.

3 The Condensate Load at 0 psig Steam Pressure and Conditions at other Water Flow Rates
The steam trap cannot be selected solely based the condensate load at the maximum steam pressure because it
will be undersized at lower steam pressures (when there is much less force to push the condensate thru the trap).
Lower steam pressures occur when less water is being heated. If the steam pressure and condensate load is known
at the lowest pressure, the trap can be selected based on that operating point, and it would be adequately sized at
higher pressures. In this particular application, we have a gravity return line at 0 psig back pressure.

Load Chart Based on HX Size to Heat 18 GPM of Water using 20 psig Steam Pressure
Flow Steam Steam Steam Actual Trap
Rate Flow Temperature Pressure Pressure Differential Condensate
Water (required) (required) (required) in the HX Pressure Flow
(GPM) (lbs/hr) in HX (°F) in HX (PSIG) (PSIG) (PSI) (lbs/hr)

At maximum Flow Rate 18 855 259 20 20 20 855

of 18 GPM steam

Flow Rate of Water at 12.9 614 212 0 0 1/2 psi 614

0 psig Steam Pressure steam 14” drip leg

At Flow Rate of 10 475 185 -6 0 1/2 psi 475

10 GPM of Water steam & air
vacuum mixes together 14” drip leg

For this size HX, when water flow rate is 12.9 GPM, the steam temperature required is 212˚F, therefore,
the steam pressure is 0 psig. At flow rates below 12.9 GPM, the steam pressure would need to go into
vacuum or mix with air drawn in thru the vacuum breaker in order to achieve the proper temperature.

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 STEAM TRAPS
STEAM TRAPS Introduction
Steam Trap Selection Guidelines • PROCESS Applications The Vacuum Breaker opens when the
steam pressure drops below 0 psig. The
ΔP across the trap is determined by the
static head of the drip leg. (1/2 psig).
4 Using Safety Load Factors to size Steam Traps 40 psig
The largest condensate load occurs when the maximum
steam pressure is present in the HX. However, if the
0 psig
steam trap is selected based on the maximum conden- OPEN
sate load at maximum pressure, it will not be adequately Vacuum
sized at lower differential pressures. This occurs Breaker
because the capacity of a steam trap decreases at a
significantly faster rate than condensate load when the
steam pressure drops. When temperature control valves
are used to control steam flow to a HX, the pressure
may reduce to 0 psig or less. The pressure available to
discharge condensate would then be based on static
head pressure of the drip leg. A drip leg length of 14" ½ psig
Head Pressure
will produce a static head pressure of 1/2 psig. 1 psig
In this application, 614 lbs/hr of condensate is being
generated at 0 psig steam pressure. See Load Chart. 2.31 ft.
The appropriate safety load factor for this application water column
is 2.5X the maximum condensate load of 855 lbs/hr.
Therefore, select a steam trap based on:
Condensate flows
2.5 x 855 = 2,138 lbs/hr at a differential pressure of 20 psi. 0 psig through trap
2.31 Ft. X 0.433 = 1 psig
14” = ½ psig

5 Selecting the Steam Trap

The steam trap should be sized for a condensate load of 2.5 x 855 = 2,138 lbs/hr at 20 psi differential pressure.
The HX is assumed to have 20 psig steam pressure at the maximum water usage of 18 GPM. However, when
selecting the PMO (maximum operating pressure) for the trap, assume the actual pressure could reach nearly
the full line pressure of 40 psig. Therefore, select a trap with a PMO of at least 40 psig.
Referring to the WFT Capacity chart below, we must select a WFT-075 model with a PMO of 75 psig. Enter the 20 psi
column inside the WFT-075 section and scroll down until a condensate load greater than 2,138 lbs/hr is found.
The capacity of 3,850 lbs/hr is the first condensate load greater than 2,138 lbs/hr.
For this application, the WFT-075-15-N will be capable of discharging the calculated condensate loads of
2,138 lbs/hr at 20 psi ΔP and 614 lbs/hr at ½ psi ΔP.

C A PA C I T I E S – Condensate (lbs/hr)
PMO Pipe Orifice Differential Pressure (PSI)
Model Code (PSIG) Size Size 1/4 1/2 1 2 5 10 15 20 30 40 50 75
WFT-015-13-N 15 3/4” 0.250 390 490 620 780 1050 1320 1500
WFT-015-14-N 15 1” 0.250 390 490 620 780 1050 1320 1500
Up to 15 PSI WFT-015-15-N 15 11/4” 0.312 610 770 960 1210 1630 2040 2330
WFT-015-16-N 15 11/2” 0.500 1420 1910 2570 3460 5120 6890 8190 This 3/4” trap
WFT-015-17-N 15 2” 0.625 2260 2950 3860 5040 7170 9360 10930 can discharge
855 lbs/hr at 20 psi
WFT-030-13-N 30 3/4” 0.228 330 420 530 670 930 1180 1350 1500 1720but is drastically
WFT-030-14-N 30 1” 0.228 330 420 530 670 930 1180 1350 1500 1720 undersized at
1/2 psi
Up to 30 PSI WFT-030-15-N 30 11/4” 0.228 330 420 530 670 930 1180 1350 1500 1720
WFT-030-16-N 30 11/2” 0.390 930 1240 1650 2190 3210 4280 5060 5700 6750
WFT-030-17-N 30 2” 0.500 1420 1910 2570 3460 5120 6890 8190 9260 11020
WFT-075-13-N 75 3/4” 0.166 175 225 295 385 545 705 825 920 1075 1200 1305 1525
WFT-075-14-N 75 1” 0.166 175 225 295 385 545 705 825 920 1075 1200 1305 1525
Up to 75 PSI WFT-075-15-N 75 11/4” 0.312 640 850 1130 1500 2180 2900 3420 3850 4540 5110 5600 6610
WFT-075-16-N 75 11/2” 0.312 640 850 1130 1500 2180 2900 3420 3850 4540 5110 5600 6610
WFT-075-17-N 75 2” 0.422 1020 1340 1760 2310 3330 4380 5140 5760 6770 7590 8290 9730

11/4” trap is able to handle the condensate The actual load is only 855 lbs/hr. However, with
load of 614 lbs/hr at 1/2 psi. 2.5X SLFs applied, this larger trap was selected
(see Load Chart to left)
since it has adequate capacity at lower pressures.

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STEAM TRAPS

STEAM TRAPS Introduction

Steam Trap Selection Guidelines • Typical Applications

Jacketed Kettle
Steam As the name implies, Jacketed Kettles have a Jacket of Steam
surrounding the outside of a Kettle. They are commonly used
in the food and beverage industry for indirect heating of the
contents in the kettle. This application demonstrates the use
of the WT3003 Thermostatic Steam trap. Along with high
condensate capacity handling and superior air handling
capability, this trap can also operate at higher pressures.
An advantage they have over F&T traps is that a single trap
WT3003 model operates over the entire pressure range making them
easier to apply and maintain. It is typically recommended to
install a thermostatic trap approximately 2 feet from process
outlet piping to accommodate some back-up of condensate
due to sub-cooling.

Condensate

Rotating Steam Dryer

Commonly found in the Paper Making industry, a rotating Rotary Rotary
Coupling Coupling FTE Series
piece of equipment offers a unique challenge of removing the
with Steam Lock
condensate. Steam inside a rotating drum cylinder is used to heat Release (SLR)
product such as sheets of paper over the outside surface of the drum. Rotating
Since the drum is rotating, the trap must be positioned above the Steam Drum
condensate collection point. The steam pressure inside the drum
pushes the condensate up through the pipe to the steam trap. If
steam enters the tubing, it will “Steam Lock” the trap by causing it Trap Positioned
to close which in turn causes the condensate to build up inside the Above
rotating drum. Since the pipe line is surrounded by steam, it may take Condensate
Collection Point
an extended length of time for the steam in the pipe to dissipate. requires SLUR
By using the Steam Lock Release feature, a small amount of steam
Condensate
is continually discharged thru the seat, allowing the condensate to Collection
continually reach the steam trap. This steam lock release feature Point
is available on ALL F&T and Thermostatic traps and should be
considered on this type of application.

Steam Steam Steam

AIR FLOW
Multi-Bank Air Heating Coils /
Air Handling Unit (AHU)
For certain Industrial Heating and Drying
applications, several Air Heating coils of
various sizes may be set up in series to
accommodate the process. The heat
load of each coil should be taken into
account when sizing the steam traps.
WFT Series
WFT Series It’s preferable to have a separate steam
FTE Series trap on each individual coil.

Condensate

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 STEAM TRAPS
STEAM TRAPS Introduction
Steam Trap Selection Guidelines • Typical Applications

Steam Separator
Separators are used on steam mains and steam supply lines to remove
Wet Dry
Steam Steam entrained water in the steam. Steam flows through the Separator and the
condensate falls by gravity to the bottom where it needs to be discharged
through a steam trap. F&T traps are recommended for this application.

WFT Series

Condensate Storage Tank

Storage Tank Coil Heat Exchanger

(Steam Coil) Steam
When heating Storage tanks, the heat exchanger may be placed
inside the tank. This may be simpler and less expensive than using
WT4003
a pump to circulate the product thru an external heat exchanger.
Shown is a WT4000 Series thermostatic process trap removing the
condensate. If a small amount of sub-cooled condensate is backed
up, it will not adversely affect the process. Condensate

Steam
Platens
Platen Press TD700S
Platens are extensively used in the molding industry
when steam is required to heat the mold, allowing
plastics and rubber to be formed into different shapes
and sizes. On this particular Process application, a
TD700S thermodynamic trap is being used to remove
the condensate. Since Air is generally only present
during system start-up, and this type of process may run
non-stop for extended periods of time, a thermodynamic
TD700S trap is a potential choice for this application.

Flexible Hose

Condensate

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STEAM TRAPS

Thermodynamic Steam Traps

Introduction

Thermodynamic
Model Body Material PMO (PSIG) Sizes Connections Page No.

TD600 Stainless Steel 600 3/8” – 1” NPT 38

TD600S Stainless Steel 600 1/2”, 3/4”, 1” NPT 40
TD700S Alloy Steel 600 1/2”, 3/4”, 1” NPT, SW, FLG 42
TD900S Alloy Steel 900 1/2”, 3/4”, 1” NPT, SW, FLG 44
TD3600 Alloy Steel 3600 1/2”, 3/4”, 1” SW, BW, FLG 46

Characteristics Material Application

No
Strainer

TD600
The one piece body-seat
design is extremely simple, Most widely used and
rugged and economical, economical thermodynamic trap
420 Stainless Steel for Drip & Tracing Applications
Strainer
however, they are not fully
in-line repairable. 30 to 600 psig
Trap body cannot be
TD600S welded in-line.

Replacement
Capsule In-line Repairable
Feature Seat & body are non-integral. Drip & Tracing
Replacement capsule allows for Alloy Steel Applications
TD700S complete repair without removing
trap body from piping system. 30 to 600 psig
Can be welded in-line.

In-line Repairable
Seat & body are non-integral;
allows for complete repair Drip Application
TD900S without removing trap body Alloy Steel High-Pressure
from piping system. to 900 psig
Can be welded in-line.

Ultra High-Pressure
3600 PSIG Drip Application
TD3600 Alloy Steel Ultra High-Pressure to
In-line Repairable
Can be welded in-line. 3600 psig

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 STEAM TRAPS
Thermodynamic Steam Traps
Introduction

THERMODYNAMIC TRAPS
Thermodynamic traps use only one moving part, the valve disc, which allows condensate to be discharged when present and
closes tightly upon the arrival of steam. These traps have an inherently rugged design and are commonly used as drip traps on
steam mains and supply lines. Their solid construction and single moving part make them resistant to waterhammer and are
freeze-proof when installed vertically. Thermodynamic traps will only discharge small amounts of air and therefore are typically
not used in process applications. Since Thermodynamic traps rely on steam velocity to operate, they are not intended for
low pressure service (below 30 PSI).

Operation:
The inlet pressure to the trap pushes the disc off the seat and allows unwanted condensate to be discharged through the
peripheral outlet surrounding the inlet (Figure A). As hot condensate reaches the disc chamber, flash steam is created that
travels at high velocity from the inlet to the outlet creating a low pressure area under the disc and higher pressure above the
disc (Figure B). This differential pressure causes the disc to close against the seat and trap the steam in the system (Figure C).
The steam pressure above the disc creates a force holding the disc closed. Heat transfer takes place through the cap and the
steam pressure above the disc begins to reduce. When the downward force created by the steam pressure above the disc falls
below the force created by the incoming condensate, the disc is pushed off its seat and the process repeats itself (Figure A).
Cycle time is dependent on steam temperature, and more importantly, ambient temperature outside the trap. Since the amount
of time the valve remains closed is primarily dependent on the heat transfer from the steam above the disc to the ambient
environment, frequent cycling of the valve can occur in cold or wet environments. Applying an insulating cap over the cover
of the trap will reduce the cycle rate.

A) Valve Disc (Open) B) Valve Disc (Starting to Close)

Disc
Peripheral (Closing)
Outlet
Inlet

C) Valve Disc (Closed)

Flash Steam

Condensate
Control
Chamber Steam

A) When condensate is present, trap remains in the open

position allowing condensate to discharge.

B) When steam enters the trap, it creates an internal pressure

above the disc that instantly forces the disc and seat to
close tightly, preventing steam from escaping.

C) Trap will remain closed, trapping steam in the system

until the steam above the disc condenses, due to heat
loss through the cap.

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STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps TD600
Thermodynamic Steam Trap Thermodynamic

Model TD600, TD600L

Sizes 3/8”, 1/2”, 3/4”, 1”
Connections NPT
Body Material Stainless Steel 420F
Options Insulation Cap
PMO Max. Operating Pressure 600 PSIG
TMO Max. Operating Temperature 800ºF
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 600 PSIG up to 800ºF
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 800ºF @ 600 PSIG

Typical Applications Sample Specification

DRIP, TRACING: TD600 model steam traps are most commonly The steam trap shall be a thermodynamic disc type with all
used in drip applications, such as draining condensate from stainless steel construction. Integral seat design and disc to be
steam mains and steam supply lines. They can also be used for hardened for long service life. Unit shall be capable of installation
steam tracing applications. These traps are suitable for outdoor in any orientation and self-draining when mounted vertically.
applications that are subject to freezing as well as superheated
steam conditions. They are compact and rugged with only a Installation and Maintenance
single moving part. If a trap with an integral strainer is desired, The TD600 can be installed in any orientation; however, horizontal
the TD600S is recommended. If a fully in-line repairable design with cap facing upward is preferred for longest service life. The
is required, the TD700S or the UTD450 with Universal Quick- one piece body-seat design is extremely simple and economical;
Change connector is recommended. however, this configuration is generally considered not fully
repairable since the seat cannot be repaired if damaged or worn.
How It Works Welding of trap body directly into pipeline is not recommended
The disc is the only moving part inside a thermodynamic trap. since excessive heat may cause distortion of the seat area. The
When steam enters the trap, it creates an internal pressure above TD600 does not contain an integral strainer and separate strainer
the disc that instantly forces the disc to close tightly on the seat, should therefore be installed to protect from dirt and pipe scale. If
preventing the steam from escaping. The internal steam pressure a fully in-line repairable design or a trap that can be welded into
(holding the disc and seat shut) eventually drops, and the trap pipeline is desired, the TD700S, TD900S or the UTD450 with
re-opens. When condensate enters the trap, it pushes the disc Universal Quick-Change connector is recommended.
upwards, allowing the condensate to freely discharge. If steam
is present, the trap instantly shuts. Helpful Selection Information
The TD600L has reduced size discharge orifice holes which
Features are preferable in terms of performance, longevity, and efficiency;
particularly on pressures over 150 psi. For most drip applications
• High pressure applications up to 600 PSIG the 1/2” TD600L should have sufficient capacity. For higher load
• Hardened stainless steel seat and disc for extended service drip applications or if a 3/4” pipe connection is required, use
life even at high pressure 3/4” TD600L for best results. Choosing a model with a condensate
• Single trap will operate over the entire pressure range of handling capacity in the range of the specific application will
3.5-600 PSIG (recommended above 30 PSIG) prolong trap life.
• Suitable for superheated steam L = Reduced Size Discharge Orifice holes which are preferable in
terms of performance, longevity, and efficiency; particularly on
• Freeze-proof when trap is piped in a vertical orientation pressures over 150 psi.
for complete drainage of condensate
• Three-hole balanced discharge extends life of the seat area Options
• Trap will function in any orientation (horizontal preferred) An insulation cap is available to reduce cycle rates and steam
loss in rain, snow, or cold environments.

38 www.watsonmcdaniel.com •• Pottstown PA • USA • Tel: 610-495-5131

Steam Traps TD600

STEAM TRAPS
Thermodynamic Steam Trap Thermodynamic

Optional
Insulation
Cap

B
FLOW

Cover

C A

Disc

DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS – inches Seat

Size Model Code Connection A B C Weight (lbs)
3/8” TD600-11-N NPT 1.37 1.69 2.00 0.75 3-Hole
Balanced
1/2” TD600-12-N NPT 1.50 2.00 2.69 1.25 Discharge
3/4” TD600-13-N NPT 1.75 2.38 2.81 2.00
1” TD600-14-N NPT 2.12 2.81 3.81 3.00
1/2” TD600L-12-N NPT 1.50 1.81 2.71 1.00
3/4” TD600L-13-N NPT 1.50 2.25 2.75 1.75

How to Size / Order M AT E R I A L S

Select working pressure; follow column down to correct capacity Body Stainless Steel, AISI 420F
(lbs/hr) block. Example: Disc Stainless Steel, AISI 420
Application: 500 lbs/hr at 100 PSIG working inlet pressure Cover Stainless Steel, AISI 416
Insulation Cap Stainless Steel, AISI 304
Size/Model: 3/4” TD600L-13-N

C A PA C I T I E S – Condensate (lbs/hr)
Steam Inlet Pressure (PSIG)
Size Model Code 3.5 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 75 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
1/2” TD600L-12-N 180 185 190 195 200 215 220 230 250 310 375 500 620 710 800 825 900 1070 1120 1185 1290
3/4” TD600L-13-N 300 315 350 380 415 440 470 515 580 710 825 1020 1165 1300 1440 1565 1670 1775 1880 1960 2060
3/8” TD600-11-N 180 185 190 195 200 215 220 230 250 310 375 500 620 710 800 825 900 1070 1120 1185 1290
1/2” TD600-12-N 300 315 350 380 415 440 470 515 580 710 825 1020 1165 1300 1440 1565 1670 1775 1880 1960 2060
3/4” TD600-13-N 415 430 475 520 565 610 650 720 825 1020 1185 1480 1710 1950 2110 2265 2490 2625 2780 2985 3140
1” TD600-14-N 650 680 740 815 885 940 1000 1080 1225 1500 1800 2215 2625 2935 3300 3600 3875 4120 4350 4560 4840
Notes: 1) Maximum back pressure not to exceed 80% of inlet pressure (measured in absolute pressure) or trap may not close.
2) For optimum performance, recommended for operating pressure above 30 PSIG.

Tel: 610-495-5131 • Pottstown PA • USA •• www.watsonmcdaniel.com 39

STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps TD600S
Thermodynamic Steam Trap Thermodynamic

Model TD600S, TD600LS

Sizes 1/2”, 3/4”, 1”
Connections NPT
Body Material Stainless Steel 420F
Options Blowdown Valve, Insulation Cap
PMO Max. Operating Pressure 600 PSIG
TMO Max. Operating Temperature 750ºF TD600S
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 915 PSIG up to 250ºF Strainer
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 610ºF @ 750 PSIG

TD600SB
Strainer &
Blowdown Valve

Typical Applications Sample Specification

DRIP, TRACING: TD600S model steam traps with integral The steam trap shall be all stainless steel thermodynamic
strainer are most commonly used in drip applications, such as type with hardened integral seat and disc with integral strainer
draining condensate from steam mains and steam supply lines. and blowdown valve.
They can also be used for steam tracing applications. These traps
are suitable for outdoor applications that are subject to freezing Installation and Maintenance
as well as superheated steam conditions. They are compact and The TD600S can be installed in any orientation; however,
rugged with only a single moving part. Integral strainer protects horizontal with cap facing upward is preferred for longest service
against dirt and scale. If a fully in-line repairable design is life. The one piece body-seat design is extremely simple and
required, the TD700S or the UTD450 with Universal Quick- economical; however, this configuration is generally considered
Change Connector is recommended. not fully repairable since the seat cannot be replaced if damaged
or worn. Welding of trap body directly into pipeline is not
How It Works recommended since excessive heat can cause distortion of the
The disc is the only moving part inside a thermodynamic trap. seat area. All models of the TD600S contain an integral strainer
When steam enters the trap, it creates an internal pressure above for protection against dirt and scale. If a fully in-line repairable
the disc that instantly forces the disc to close tightly on the seat, design or a trap that can be welded into pipeline is desired, the
preventing the steam from escaping. The internal steam pressure TD700S, TD900S or the UTD450 with Universal Quick-Change
(holding the disc and seat shut) eventually drops, and the trap connectors is recommended.
re-opens. When condensate enters the trap, it pushes the disc
upwards, allowing the condensate to freely discharge. If steam Helpful Selection Information
is present, the trap instantly shuts. The TD600LS has reduced size discharge orifice holes which
are preferable in terms of performance, longevity, and efficiency;
Features particularly on pressures over 150 psi. For most drip applications
the 1/2” TD600LS should have sufficient capacity. For higher
• Integral strainer with optional blowdown valve to protect load drip applications or if a 3/4” pipe connection is required,
trap from contamination use 3/4” TD600LS for best results. Choosing a model with a
• High pressure applications up to 600 PSIG condensate handling capacity in the range of the specific
• Hardened stainless steel seat and disc for extended service application will prolong trap life.
life even at high pressure
• Single trap will operate over the entire pressure range of L = Reduced Size Discharge Orifice holes which are preferable in
3.5-600 PSIG (recommended above 30 PSIG) terms of performance, longevity, and efficiency; particularly
• Suitable for superheated steam on pressures over 150 psi.
• Freeze-proof when trap is piped in a vertical orientation
for complete drainage of condensate Options
• Three-hole balanced discharge extends life of the seat area An insulation cap is available to reduce cycle rates and steam
• Trap will function in any orientation (horizontal preferred) loss in rain, snow, or cold environments. Blowdown valve, used
for flushing dirt and scale from strainer.

40 www.watsonmcdaniel.com •• Pottstown PA • USA • Tel: 610-495-5131

 STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps TD600S
Thermodynamic Steam Trap Thermodynamic

Optional
Insulation
Cap

B Cover

FLOW Disc
Seat

Body

C
Strainer

Strainer
Plug

Optional
Blowdown Valve

DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS – inches M AT E R I A L S

Size Model Conn. A B C Weight (lbs) Body Stainless Steel, AISI 420F
Series TD600S (Strainer) Disc Stainless Steel, AISI 420
1/2" TD600S-12-N NPT 3.16 1.50 2.53 2 Cover Stainless Steel, AISI 416
1/2" TD600LS-12-N NPT 3.16 1.44 2.53 1.5 Insulation Cap Stainless Steel, AISI 304
3/4" TD600S-13-N NPT 3.56 1.62 2.53 2.5 Strainer Screen Stainless Steel, AISI 304
3/4" TD600LS-13-N NPT 3.56 1.56 2.53 2.4 Blowdown Valve Stainless Steel, AISI 303
1" TD600LS-13-N NPT 3.75 1.44 2.53 2.5
Series TD600SB (Strainer & Blowdown Valve) How to Size / Order
1/2" TD600SB-12-N NPT 3.16 1.50 3.5 2.3
Select working pressure; follow column down to correct capacity
1/2" TD600LSB-12-N NPT 3.16 1.44 3.5 2.0 (lbs/hr) block. Example:
3/4" TD600SB-13-N NPT 3.56 1.62 3.5 2.8
Application: 500 lbs/hr at 100 PSIG working inlet pressure
3/4" TD600LSB-13-N NPT 3.56 1.56 3.5 2.7
1" TD600LSB-14-N NPT 3.72 1.44 3.5 2.7 Size/Model: 3/4” TD600LS-13-N

C A PA C I T I E S – Condensate (lbs/hr)
Steam Inlet Pressure (PSIG)
Size Model 3.5 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 75 100 150 200 250 300 400 450 500 550 600
1/2” TD600LS-12-N
180 185 190 195 200 215 220 230 250 310 375 500 620 710 800 900 1070 1120 1185 1290
1” TD600LS-14-N
3/4” TD600LS-13-N 300 315 350 380 415 440 470 515 580 710 825 1020 1165 1300 1440 1670 1775 1880 1960 2060

1/2” TD600S-12-N 300 315 350 380 415 440 470 515 580 710 825 1020 1165 1300 1440 1670 1775 1880 1960 2060
3/4” TD600S-13-N 415 430 475 520 565 610 650 720 825 1020 1185 1480 1710 1950 2110 2265 2625 2780 2985 3140
Note: Maximum back pressure not to exceed 80% of inlet pressure (measured in absolute pressure) or trap may not close.
Note: For optimum performance, recommended for operating pressure above 30 PSIG.

Tel: 610-495-5131 • Pottstown PA • USA •• www.watsonmcdaniel.com 41

STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps TD700S
Thermodynamic Steam Trap (Repairable) Thermodynamic

Model TD700S, TD700HS

Sizes 1/2”, 3/4”, 1”
Connections NPT, SW, FLG
Body Material Chrome-Moly Alloy Steel
Options Blowdown Valve, Insulation Cap
PMO Max. Operating Pressure 600 PSIG
TMO Max. Operating Temperature 800ºF
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 600 PSIG up to 800ºF TD700S
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 800ºF @ 600 PSIG Strainer

TD700S is a Direct Replacement for Yarway Model 721

TD700SB
Strainer &
Blowdown Valve

Typical Applications Sample Specification

DRIP, TRACING: TD700S model steam traps are fully in-line The steam trap shall be a thermodynamic style in a chrome-moly
repairable and most commonly used in drip applications, such alloy steel body with an integral strainer and optional blowdown
as draining condensate from steam mains and steam supply valve. Unit shall have an all stainless steel in-line removable seat and
lines. They can also be used for steam tracing applications. disc capsule assembly. Trap shall be capable of installation in any
These traps are suitable for outdoor applications that are subject orientation and self-draining when mounted vertically.
to freezing as well as superheated steam conditions. They feature
a “Quick-Replace” capsule that contains the trap’s complete Installation and Maintenance
internal working mechanism, which is easily replaced while The TD700S can be installed in any orientation; however,
the trap body remains in-line. All models contain an integral horizontal with cap facing upward is preferred for longest
strainer for protection against dirt and scale. service life. For maintenance, ALL internal components are
How It Works easily removed and completely changed using a replacement
kit. All models of the TD700S contain an integral strainer
The disc is the only moving part inside a thermodynamic trap. for protection against dirt and scale. Available in NPT,
When steam enters the trap, it creates an internal pressure above Socket-Weld and Flange connections.
the disc that instantly forces the disc to close tightly on the seat,
preventing the steam from escaping. The internal steam pressure Helpful Selection Information
(holding the disc and seat shut) eventually drops, and the trap The TD700HS is a high pressure version of the standard TD700S
re-opens. When condensate enters the trap, it pushes the disc model. While both the TD700S and TD700HS will operate with
upwards, allowing the condensate to freely discharge. If steam pressures up to 600 PSIG, the TD700HS has a slightly smaller
is present, the trap instantly shuts. discharge orifice and is recommended for system pressures over
300 PSIG because of increased efficiency and performance. The
Features TD700S is available in NPT, socket weld, and flange connections
from 1/2” through 1”. Replacement capsules are available,
• “Quick-Replace” capsule design for easy in-line repair see Parts & Kits Section.
• Integral strainer with optional blowdown valve to protect
trap from contamination Options
• High pressure applications up to 600 PSIG Blowdown valve, used for flushing dirt and scale from strainer.
• Hardened stainless steel seat and disc for extended service Customized Flanged Connections:
life even at high pressure
• Single trap will operate over the entire pressure range TD700HS
4-600 PSIG (recommended above 30 PSI)
• Suitable for superheated steam The TD700HS is the high pressure version of the TD700S.
• Freeze-proof when trap is piped in a vertical orientation The standard model TD700S will operate over the entire pressure
range, however, the TD700HS will operate more efficiently and
for complete drainage of condensate
have a longer service life for pressures over 300 PSIG.
• Non-integral seat and chrome-moly body allow for
trap to be welded in-line TD700S Standard pressure capsule 4-300 PSIG
• Trap will function in any orientation (horizontal preferred) TD700HS High pressure capsule 150-600 PSIG
Option: TD700SB = Blowdown Valve

42 www.watsonmcdaniel.com •• Pottstown PA • USA • Tel: 610-495-5131

 STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps TD700S
Thermodynamic Steam Trap (Repairable) Thermodynamic

D (Flanged as Req’d) *
C (NPT, SW)

DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS – inches

Size/Model Connection A B C Weight (lbs)
A Series TD700S & TD700HS (Strainer)
1/2" NPT, SW 2.04 2.50 3.16 2.0
FLOW
3/4" NPT, SW 2.04 2.50 3.55 2.0
1” NPT, SW 2.04 2.50 6.31 2.0
Series TD700SB & TD700HSB (Strainer & Blowdown Valve)
1/2" NPT, SW 2.04 3.06 3.16 2.25
B 3/4" NPT, SW 2.04 3.06 3.55 2.25
* Flanged face-to-face 1” NPT, SW 2.04 3.06 6.31 2.25
dimension 9” standard.
For custom sizes consult
factory (9” minimum).
M AT E R I A L S
Body Chrome Moly ASTM A-217, GR WC9
Seat Stainless Steel, 420F
Cover
Seat Gasket 316SS/Grafoil
Cover Stainless Steel, 416
Disc Replacement
Capsule Disc Stainless Steel, 420
Seat
Retaining Ring Stainless Steel Spring Wire
Screen Stainless Steel, 304
Gasket
Strainer Plug, Pipe Plug Stainless Steel, 303
Blowdown Valve Stainless Steel
Flanges Carbon Steel
Body

Strainer

Strainer Plug
How to Size / Order
Select working pressure; follow column down to correct capacity
(lbs/hr) block. Example:
Optional Application: 275 lbs/hr at 100 PSIG working inlet pressure
Blowdown Valve
Size/Model: TD700S, specify pipe size and connections
(NPT, SW, FLG)

C A PA C I T I E S – Condensate (lbs/hr)
Steam Inlet Pressure (PSIG)
Size Conn. Model Code
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 150 300 400 500 600
NPT TD700S-12-N
1/2” 95 105 115 120 125 130 140 180 220 250 265 280 320 350 405 550 600 650 700
SW TD700S-12-SW
NPT TD700S-13-N
3/4” 95 105 115 120 125 130 140 180 220 250 265 280 320 350 405 550 600 650 700
SW TD700S-13-SW
NPT TD700S-14-N
1” 95 105 115 120 125 130 140 180 220 250 265 280 320 350 405 550 600 650 700
SW TD700S-14-SW
NPT TD700HS-12-N
1/2” 250 330 380 410 450
SW TD700HS-12-SW
NPT TD700HS-13-N
3/4” 250 330 380 410 450
SW TD700HS-13-SW
NPT TD700HS-14-N
1” 250 330 380 410 450
SW TD700HS-14-SW
Notes: 1) Maximum back pressure not to exceed 80% of inlet pressure (measured in absolute pressure) or trap may not close.
2) For optimum performance, recommended for operating pressure above 30 PSIG.

Tel: 610-495-5131 • Pottstown PA • USA •• www.watsonmcdaniel.com 43

STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps TD900S
Thermodynamic Steam Trap (Repairable) Thermodynamic

Model TD900S, TD900LS

Sizes 1/2”, 3/4”, 1”
Connections NPT, SW, 600# FLG
Body Material Low Carbon Chrome-Moly
Options Insulation Cap
PMO Max. Operating Pressure 900 PSIG
TMO Max. Operating Temperature 842ºF
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 1500 PSIG @ 100ºF
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 842ºF @ 981 PSIG

Typical Applications Sample Specification

DRIP: TD900S model steam traps, capable of handling The steam trap shall be a thermodynamic style with body
pressures up to 900 PSIG, are used in drip applications such material in chrome-moly alloy steel. Available in size 1/2”,
as draining condensate from steam mains and steam supply 3/4” and 1” Class 600 socket weld ends or flanges. Unit shall
lines. The complete internal working mechanism can be replaced have hardened stainless steel seat and disc with a removable
while the trap body remains connected in-line. All models contain stainless steel strainer.
an integral strainer for protection against dirt and scale. These
traps are suitable for outdoor applications that are subject to Installation and Maintenance
freezing as well as superheated steam conditions.
The TD900S can be installed in any orientation; however,
How It Works horizontal with cap facing upward is preferred for longest
service life. For maintenance, ALL internal components are
The disc is the only moving part inside a thermodynamic trap. easily removed and completely changed using a replacement
When steam enters the trap, it creates an internal pressure above kit. All models contain an integral strainer for protection
the disc that instantly forces the disc to close tightly on the seat, against dirt and scale. Available in NPT, Socket-Weld
preventing the steam from escaping. The internal steam pressure and Flange connections.
(holding the disc and seat shut) eventually drops, and the trap
re-opens. When condensate enters the trap, it pushes the disc Helpful Selection Information
upwards, allowing the condensate to freely discharge. If steam The TD900LS is a reduced capacity version of the standard
is present, the trap instantly shuts. TD900S model. The TD900S is available in NPT, Socket
Weld,and Flange connections from 1/2” thru 1”.
Features
• “Quick-Change” seat and disc for easy in-line repair Options
• High pressure applications up to 900 PSIG Customized Flanged Connections: Specify size and face-to-face
• Integral strainer to protect trap from contamination dimensions.
• Hardened stainless steel seat and disc for extended service
life even at extremely high pressures
• Single trap model will operate over the entire pressure
range (20-900 PSIG)
• Suitable for superheated steam
• Freeze-proof when trap is piped in a vertical orientation
for complete drainage of condensate
• Trap will function in any orientation (horizontal preferred)

44 www.watsonmcdaniel.com •• Pottstown PA • USA • Tel: 610-495-5131

 STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps TD900S
Thermodynamic Steam Trap (Repairable) Thermodynamic

Complete internal working mechanism can be replaced

while trap body remains connected in-line
Nuts

C Square
Nameplate

Cover

Gasket

Disc

Seat B
FLOW
Gasket

D
Body

A (NPT, SW)
A (Flanged as Req’d)*

Strainer * Flanged face-to-face dimension 9” standard.

For custom sizes consult factory (9” minimum).
Gasket

Bottom Plug

M AT E R I A L S
DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS – inches Body Alloy Steel, GR WC9
Size Model Connection A B C D Weight (lbs) Seat Stainless Steel, AISI 420
NPT, SW 3.6 4.8 2.6 2.1 4.5 Cover Alloy Steel, GR WC9
1/2" TD900S/TD900LS
*600# FLG 9.0 4.8 2.6 2.1 9.0 Strainer Cap Alloy Steel, GR WC9
Strainer Stainless Steel, AISI 300
NPT, SW 3.6 4.8 2.6 2.1 4.5
3/4" TD900S/TD900LS Disc Stainless Steel, AISI 420
*600# FLG 9.0 4.8 2.6 2.1 11.0 Gasket Stainless Steel, AISI 304
NPT, SW 6.5 4.8 2.6 2.1 4.5 Studs SA-193, GR B7
1" TD900S/TD900LS
*600# FLG 9.0 4.8 2.6 2.1 11.0 Nuts SA-194, GR 2H

C A PA C I T I E S – Condensate (lbs/hr)
Steam Inlet Pressure (PSIG)
Size Model Code (NPT) Model Code (SW) 20 50 100 150 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
1/2” TD900S-12-N TD900S-12-SW
3/4” TD900S-13-N TD900S-13-SW 243 411 555 641 700 781 835 874 905 930 951 968
1” TD900S-14-N TD900S-14-SW
1/2” TD900LS-12-N TD900LS-12-SW
3/4” TD900LS-13-N TD900LS-13-SW 181 210 253 290 325 360 381 405 429
1” TD900LS-14-N TD900LS-14-SW
Notes: WD900S: 1) Minimum recommended working pressure: 20 PSIG.
2) Maximum back pressure not to exceed 80% of inlet pressure (measured in absolute pressure) or trap may not close.
WD900LS: 1) Minimum recommended working pressure: 150 PSIG.
2) Maximum back pressure not to exceed 50% of inlet pressure (measured in absolute pressure) or trap may not close.

Tel: 610-495-5131 • Pottstown PA • USA •• www.watsonmcdaniel.com 45

STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps TD3600
High-Pressure Thermodynamic Steam Trap Thermodynamic

Model TD3600
Sizes 1/2”, 3/4”, 1”
Connections BW, SW, 600# FLG, 1500# FLG
Body Material Forged Alloy Steel
PMO Max. Operating Pressure 3600 PSIG
TMO Max. Operating Temperature 975 ºF @ 3600 psi
1025 ºF @ 2220 psi
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 2220 PSIG @ 1025 ºF
3600 PSIG @ 975 ºF
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 1025 ºF @ 2220 PSIG
Note: Connections may limit Pressure & Temperature ratings.

Typical Applications Sample Specification

DRIP: TD3600 model steam traps are designed to handle the The steam trap shall be a thermodynamic style with body
drainage of condensate from extremely high pressure systems, material in forged alloy steel. Available in size 1/2”, 3/4” and 1”
and are commonly used as drip traps on high-pressure steam Socket Weld, Butt Weld ends or ANSI 600# &1500# RF flanged
mains and steam supply lines. These traps are suitable for connections. Unit shall have hardened repairable stainless steel
outdoor applications that are subject to freezing as well as seat and disc with a removable stainless steel sintered strainer.
superheated steam conditions. The complete internal working
mechanism can be completely replaced while the trap body Installation and Maintenance
remains in line. The TD3600 can be installed in any orientation; however,
How it Works with cap facing upward is preferred for longest service life.
For maintenance, ALL internal components are easily removed
The disc is the only moving part inside a thermodynamic trap. and completely changed using a replacement kit. The TD3600
When steam enters the trap, it creates an internal pressure above contains an integral high pressure sintered strainer for
the disc that instantly forces the disc to close tightly on the seat, protection against dirt and scale.
preventing the steam from escaping. The internal steam pressure
(holding the disc and seat shut) eventually drops, and the trap Helpful Selection Information
re-opens. When condensate enters the trap, it pushes the disc This trap was designed for handling the drainage of condensate
upwards, allowing the condensate to freely discharge. If steam from EXTREMELY HIGH PRESSURE systems, with a maximum
is present, the trap instantly shuts. operating pressure of 3600 PSIG. The TD3600 is available in
Socket Weld, Butt Weld and Flange connections from 1/2”
Features through 1”.
• “Quick-Change” seat and disc for easy in-line repair Options
• High pressure applications up to 3600 PSIG Customized Flanged Connections:
• Integral strainer to protect trap from contamination Specify size and face-to-face dimensions.
• Hardened stainless steel seat and disc for extended service
life even at extremely high pressures
• Steam trap model will operate over the entire pressure
range (100-3600 PSIG)
• Suitable for superheated steam
• Freeze-proof when trap is piped in a vertical orientation
for complete drainage of condensate
• Trap will function in any orientation (horizontal preferred)

46 www.watsonmcdaniel.com •• Pottstown PA • USA • Tel: 610-495-5131

Steam Traps TD3600

STEAM TRAPS
High-Pressure Thermodynamic Steam Trap Thermodynamic

DIMENSIONS – inches
Weight: 25 lbs.

Nuts
Nameplate

Top Cover
3.6

Cap

Disc Seat
6.3 Gasket

4.5

Body

3.5
Gasket

FLOW Strainer
5.4
Strainer Plug

3.5

Bottom Cover

M AT E R I A L S How to Size / Order

Body Forged Alloy Steel, ASTM 182 F22 Select working pressure; follow column down to correct capacity
(lbs/hr) block. Example:
Seat Stainless Steel, AISI 420
Cover, top & bottom Forged Alloy Steel, ASTM 182 F22 Application: 380 lbs/hr at 1000 PSIG working inlet pressure
Strainer Sintered Stainless Steel, AISI 300 Size/Model: TD3600, Specify pipe size and connections
Disc Stainless Steel, AISI 420 (BW, SW, 600# FLG, 1500# FLG )
Gasket Stainless Steel, AISI 304
Studs SA-193, GR B16
Nuts SA-194, GR 4

C A PA C I T I E S – Condensate (lbs/hr)
Steam Inlet Pressure (PSIG)
Size Conn. Model Code
100 500 1000 1250 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3250 3500 3600
1/2” SW TD3600-12-SW
3/4” SW TD3600-13-SW 165 290 380 400 435 470 500 525 550 575 595 610 625
1” SW TD3600-14-SW
Note: Maximum back pressure not to exceed 50% of inlet pressure (measured in absolute pressure) or trap may not close.
Add note about other connections.

Tel: 610-495-5131 • Pottstown PA • USA •• www.watsonmcdaniel.com 47

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 STEAM TRAPS
Thermostatic Steam Traps
Introduction

THERMOSTATIC STEAM TRAPS A) AIR When air, which is cooler than steam, is present,
the bellows is retracted and the seat is open,
allowing large quantities of air to be discharged.
Operation:
The bellows type thermostatic trap contains a fluid-filled thermal
element (bellows). The operation of this thermal element is governed
by the volumetric thermal expansion of the fluid inside the bellows as
it changes states. There is no adjustment required for this trap as the
fluid inside the bellows is chosen for its quick response to the change
in temperature between steam and condensate at various pressures.
The operation of the bellows follows the steam saturation curve,
always discharging condensate a few degrees cooler than the
steam temperature.

During start-up, when the system is cold, the bellows is retracted B) CONDENSATE When condensate, which is cooler
and the valve plug is lifted off the seat allowing air and condensate than steam, is present, the bellows retracts and the
to be discharged from the system. As hot steam approaches the seat opens, allowing condensate to be discharged.
thermal element in the trap, the fluid inside the bellows vaporizes Bellows Valve
and expands, closing the valve tightly. As long as steam is present,
Valve Seat
the valve will remain closed. Only when subcooled condensate or air
is present will the valve open.

Watson McDaniel thermal element traps offer wide operating pressure

ranges, rugged welded stainless steel bellows, and various orifice
sizes, making them a great choice for a majority of applications.

Sub-cool:
The sub-cooling of condensate prior to discharge can have certain
beneficial effects. In the majority of tracing applications, the sub-
cooling of condensate is highly desirable because of the additional
energy that is extracted from the Hot condensate. If the trap did not
sub-cool condensate, this energy would be wasted. C) STEAM When steam reaches the trap, the bellows
expands, closing off the seat and preventing
the steam from escaping.
In Batch style process applications such as jacketed kettles, plating
tanks and heating of outdoor storage tanks, the sub-cooling of
condensate is generally not a factor to consider since the amount of
condensate back-up requires less than 1% of the heat transfer surface
area and is therefore considered negligible. So a heat exchanger with
50 square feet of surface area requires only ½ a square foot of surface
area to sub-cool the condensate. In a Continuous process application
that exhibit rapid changes in steam pressures, steam traps requiring
sub-cool could lead to additional condensate back up. This scenario
is typical in instantaneous hot water heaters using a shell & tube
heat exchanger with temperature control valves. The steam pressure
in the heat exchanger can drop extremely fast when the water demand
changes. In this case, additional sub-cooling of the condensate is
required before it will discharge. In some cases, this may be accept- Air
able, but in general, only F&T traps are recommended for process
with rapid changes in steam pressures since they always discharge Condensate
condensate immediately as it is formed. In addition, traps that
sub-cool condensate have a softer discharge since less flash steam Steam
is generated in the return line.

Tel: 610-495-5131 • Pottstown PA • USA •• www.watsonmcdaniel.com 49

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Steam Traps

STEAM TRAPS
WT1000
Thermostatic Steam Trap Thermostatic
(Non-Repairable)

Model WT1000 (Non-Repairable)

Sizes 1/2”, 3/4”
Connections NPT
Body Material Stainless Steel
PMO Max. Operating Pressure 300 PSIG
TMO Max. Operating Temperature Saturated Steam Temperature
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 1032 PSIG @ 100ºF
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 750ºF @ 800 PSIG

Typical Applications Installation & Maintenance

DRIP, TRACING: The WT1000 is a low capacity thermostatic Trap can be installed in any orientation. The WT1000 steam trap
trap ideally sized for steam tracing. Thermostatic traps are small, body is seal-welded and therefore non-repairable. If a new trap
light weight and have excellent air discharging capabilities. is required, remove from line and replace. This product cannot
Discharging air at start-up allows steam to quickly enter the be welded in-line or failure of the thermal element due to excess
system. Trap body is permanently seal welded together and heat may occur. Available in NPT threaded connections only.
therefore non-repairable. Contains an extremely strong and
rugged precision welded Stainless Steel thermal element. Its Sample Specification
small discharge orifice, which makes it an optimal size trap for
both drip and tracing applications, is susceptible to clogging The steam trap shall be of thermostatic type with stainless steel
depending on system conditions, therefore, a separate strainer body and stainless steel thermal element.
should be installed.

M AT E R I A L S
How It Works
This thermostatic trap contains a welded stainless steel thermal Trap Housing Stainless Steel, AISI 304L
element that expands when heated and contracts when cooled Thermal Element Stainless Steel, 300 Series
to 5˚F below saturated steam temperature. When air or sub-cooled Valve Stainless Steel, AISI 440C
condensate are present, the trap is in the open discharge position.
When steam reaches the trap, the element expands and closes
off tightly.
DIMENSIONS – inches
Features 1.75”
• Excellent at discharging air which allows steam to enter 1.31”
system quickly; extremely important during start-up 2.5”
• Welded stainless steel thermal element resists shock
from water hammer
• Freeze-proof when trap is installed in a vertical FLOW
orientation allowing for complete condensate drainage
• Stainless steel Barstock body
• In the unlikely event of bellows failure; trap discharge
remains open

Seal-welded
Weight: 1.25 lbs.

C A PA C I T I E S – Condensate (lbs/hr)
Steam Inlet Pressure (PSIG)
Size Model Code 5 10 20 50 100 125 150 200 250 300
1/2” WT1000-12-N
95 140 195 305 435 485 530 610 685 750
3/4” WT1000-13-N

Tel: 610-495-5131 • Pottstown PA • USA •• www.watsonmcdaniel.com 51

STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps WT2000
Thermostatic Steam Trap Thermostatic
(Non-Repairable)

Model WT2000 (Non-Repairable)

Sizes 1/2”, 3/4”
Connections NPT
Body Material Stainless Steel
PMO Max. Operating Pressure 650 PSIG
TMO Max. Operating Temperature Saturated Steam Temp.
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 1032 PSIG @ 100ºF
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 750ºF @ 800 PSIG

Typical Applications Sample Specification

DRIP, TRACING, PROCESS: The WT2000 is a general purpose Steam trap shall be of thermostatic type with stainless steel body,
medium-capacity thermostatic trap that can be used for steam thermal element, internal screen, and hardened valve and seat.
tracing, as a drip trap on steam mains and steam supply lines,
as well as for process applications. They are also commonly Installation and Maintenance
used as an Air Vent on heat exchangers or at the ends of steam
mains. Thermostatic traps are small, light weight, operate over a Trap can be installed in any position. The WT2000 steam trap
wide pressure range, and have excellent air handling capabilities. body is seal-welded and therefore non-repairable. If a new trap is
Discharging air at start-up allows steam to quickly enter the required, remove from line and replace. Cannot be welded in-line
system. All stainless steel construction and integral strainer, make or failure of the thermal element may occur. Available in NPT
the WT2000 an excellent choice for a variety of applications. threaded connections only.
Trap body is permanently seal welded together and therefore
non-repairable. Contains an extremely strong and rugged Helpful Selection Information
precision welded Stainless Steel thermal element which is
highly resistant to waterhammer. Two orifice sizes are available: The 3/16” orifice should be
used on all drip and tracing applications as well as small process
applications with lower condensate loads. The 5/16” orifice is
How It Works available to be used on process applications if additional capacity
This thermostatic trap contains a welded stainless steel thermal is required.
element that expands when heated and contracts when cooled
to 5˚F below saturated steam temperature. When air or sub-cooled Options
condensate are present, the trap is in the open discharge position.
When steam reaches the trap, the element expands and closes • Special Bellows Option; available upon request:
off tightly. • Fail-closed Bellows (standard bellows fails in open position)
• 43˚F Sub-cool Bellows (Note: Standard bellows are designed
Features for approximately 5˚F sub-cool temperature)
• Thermostatic traps are excellent at discharging air, which • SLR = Steam lock release
allows steam to enter quickly; extremely important
during start-up
• Standard models contain a non-cleanable strainer screen.
• Integral strainer to protect trap from contamination Also available without screen where it is desireable to flush
• Welded stainless steel thermal element resists shock dirt and scale thru the trap. Recommend WT2003 with
larger orifice if used without strainer.
from waterhammer
• Freeze-proof when trap is installed in a vertical
orientation allowing for complete condensate drainage
• Body is produced from stainless steel investment casting
• Hardened stainless steel seat for extended service life
• Will operate at steam pressures up to 650 PSIG

52 www.watsonmcdaniel.com •• Pottstown PA • USA • Tel: 610-495-5131

 STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps WT2000
Thermostatic Steam Trap Thermostatic
(Non-Repairable)

3.75” 1.88”

FLOW

Strainer
Orifice 1.31”
Seam-welded body
(Non-Repairable)
DIMENSIONS – inches
Weight: 1.5 lbs.

M AT E R I A L S How to Size / Order

Trap Housing Stainless Steel, ASTM A351-CF3 Select working pressure; follow column down to correct capacity
Thermal Element Stainless Steel (lbs/hr) block. Example:
Valve & Seat Stainless Steel, AISI 416 Application: 1827 lbs/hr at 100 PSIG working inlet pressure
Strainer Screen Stainless Steel Size/Model: WT2001-12-N, 1/2” NPT, 3/16” orifice

C A PA C I T I E S – Condensate (lbs/hr)
Orifice Steam Inlet Pressure (PSIG)
Size Model Code Size 5 10 20 50 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 650
1/2” WT2001-12-N
3/16” 441 625 882 1391 1827 1969 2095 2305 2483 2636 2777 2903 3129 3323 3413
3/4” WT2001-13-N
1/2” WT2003-12-N
5/16” 903 1271 1811 2861 3754 4043 4300 4730 5093 5413 5702 5959 6421 6820 7004
3/4” WT2003-13-N
Note: 3/16” orifice should be used on all drip and tracing applications.

Back Pressure as
10 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Percentage of Inlet Pressure
Percentage Decrease in
0 0 0 2 5 12 20 30 40 55
Trap Capacity

Tel: 610-495-5131 • Pottstown PA • USA •• www.watsonmcdaniel.com 53

STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps WT3000
Thermostatic Steam Trap Thermostatic
(Repairable)

Model WT3000 (Repairable)

Sizes 1/2”, 3/4”
Connections NPT, SW, FLG
Body Material Stainless Steel
Options Strainer, Blowdown Valve
PMO Max. Operating Pressure 650 PSIG
TMO Max. Operating Temperature Saturated Steam Temp.
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 906 PSIG @ 100ºF
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 750ºF @ 725 PSIG

Typical Applications Installation and Maintenance

DRIP, TRACING, PROCESS: The WT3000 is a general Trap can be installed in any orientation. All internal working
purpose medium capacity thermostatic trap that can be used for components are extremely easy to replace and can be performed
steam tracing; as a drip trap on steam mains and steam supply while the trap body remains connected in-line. Repair kit includes
lines; as well as for process applications. All internal working ALL parts to fully rebuild the steam trap including thermal
components can be replaced while the trap body remains in-line. element, seat and gasket. The WT3000S model comes with
Thermostatic traps are small, light weight, operate over a wide an optional strainer. WT3000SB comes with optional blowdown
pressure range, and have excellent air handling capabilities. valve for flushing dirt and scale from strainer.
Discharging air at start-up allows steam to quickly enter the
system. All stainless steel construction and integral strainer Helpful Selection Information
option make the WT3000 an excellent choice for a variety of
applications. Contains an extremely strong and rugged precision Two orifice sizes are available: The 3/16” orifice should be
welded Stainless Steel thermal element which is highly resistant used on all drip and tracing applications as well as small process
to waterhammer. applications with lower condensate loads. The 5/16” orifice is
available to be used on process applications if additional capacity
How It Works is required.
This thermostatic trap contains a welded stainless steel thermal
element that expands when heated and contracts when cooled Options
to 5˚F below saturated steam temperature. When air or sub-cooled Strainer, blowdown valve, steam lock release and special
condensate are present, the trap is in the open discharge position. bellows available.
When steam reaches the trap, the element expands and closes S = Strainer (WT3001S)
off tightly.
SB = Strainer and blowdown valve (WT3001SB)
Features SLR = Steam lock release
• The thermal element and seat can be easily removed and Special Bellows Option; available upon request:
replaced in minutes with the trap body still in-line • Fail-closed Bellows (standard bellows fails in open position)
• Operates at steam pressures up to 650 PSIG • 43˚F Sub-cool Bellows (Note: Standard bellows are designed
• Thermostatic traps are excellent at discharging air, which for approximately 5˚F sub-cool temperature)
allows steam to enter quickly; extremely important
during start-up How to Size / Order
• Welded stainless steel thermal element resists shock Refer to the Capacity Chart to determine which model, the
from waterhammer WT3001 or WT3003 is required to satisfy the condensate load
• Freeze-proof when trap is installed in a vertical based on steam inlet pressure.
orientation allowing for complete condensate drainage
Example:
• Body is produced from stainless steel investment casting Application: 3754 lbs/hr at 100 PSIG steam inlet pressure
• Hardened stainless steel seat for extended service life Size/Model: WT3003S, 5/16” orifice with strainer,
• Available with integral strainer and blowdown valve Specify size & connections (NPT, SW, FLG)

Sample Specification Example Model Codes:

The steam trap shall be of a thermostatic type with stainless WT3003S-13-N 3/4” NPT with strainer, and 5/16” orifice.
steel body, thermal element and internal strainer. Trap must be WT3001SB-12-N 1/2” NPT with strainer and blowdown valve,
in-line repairable with a bolt-on type cover that is sealed with 3/16” orifice
a spiral wound Stainless Steel AISI 316 gasket. Seat and valve
to be hardened stainless steel.

54 www.watsonmcdaniel.com •• Pottstown PA • USA • Tel: 610-495-5131

 Steam Traps

STEAM TRAPS
WT3000
Thermostatic Steam Trap Thermostatic
(Repairable)

2.62” Square
Cover Bolts

Cover
3.13” Orifice
Thermal Element

FLOW

WT3000: 2.57”
WT3000S: 2.57”
WT3000SB: 3.20”

Optional
Blowdown Valve
Strainer

4.50” (NPT, SW)

Strainer Plug
(Flanged as Req’d) *

* Flanged face-to-face dimension 9” standard.

Weight: 4.5 lbs. For custom sizes consult factory (9” minimum).

Size/Connection* Model Code Orifice Size Description M AT E R I A L S

Cover & Body Stainless Steel, AISI 316L
1/2” NPT WT3001-12-N 3/16” No Strainer
Thermal Element Stainless Steel, AISI 300
3/4” NPT WT3001-13-N 3/16” No Strainer
Valve & Seat Stainless Steel, AISI 416
1/2” NPT WT3001S-12-N 3/16” Strainer
Cover Gasket Stainless Steel, AISI 316
3/4” NPT WT3001S-13-N 3/16” Strainer
Seat Gasket Stainless Steel, AISI 316
1/2” NPT WT3001SB-12-N 3/16” Strainer & Blowdown Cover Bolts Steel, ASTM A193 GR B7 Nickel Plated
3/4” NPT WT3001SB-13-N 3/16” Strainer & Blowdown Strainer* 0.046 Perforated Stainless Steel AISI 304
1/2” NPT WT3003-12-N 5/16” No Strainer Blowdown Valve* Stainless Steel AISI 303
3/4” NPT WT3003-13-N 5/16” No Strainer * Strainer and blowdown valve are optional
1/2” NPT WT3003S-12-N 5/16” Strainer
3/4” NPT WT3003S-13-N 5/16” Strainer
1/2” NPT WT3003SB-12-N 5/16” Strainer & Blowdown
3/4” NPT WT3003SB-13-N 5/16” Strainer & Blowdown
* For Socket Weld Connection change N to SW

C A PA C I T I E S – Condensate (lbs/hr)
Orifice Steam Inlet Pressure (PSIG)
Model Size 5 10 20 50 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 500 600 650
WT3001 3/16” 441 625 882 1391 1827 1969 2095 2305 2483 2636 2777 2903 3129 3323 3413
WT3003 5/16” 903 1271 1811 2861 3754 4043 4300 4730 5093 5413 5702 5959 6421 6820 7004

Back Pressure as Percentage of Inlet Pressure 10 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Percentage Decrease in Trap Capacity 0 0 0 2 5 12 20 30 40 55

Tel: 610-495-5131 • Pottstown PA • USA •• www.watsonmcdaniel.com 55

STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps WT4000
Thermostatic Steam Trap Thermostatic
(Repairable)

Model WT4000 (Repairable)

Sizes 3/4”, 1”
Connections NPT, SW, FLG
Body Material Stainless Steel
Options Strainer, Blowdown Valve
PMO Max. Operating Pressure 300 PSIG
TMO Max. Operating Temperature Saturated Steam Temperature
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 906 PSIG @ 100ºF
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 750ºF @ 725 PSIG

Typical Applications Installation and Maintenance

PROCESS: The WT4000 is a high capacity version of the Trap can be installed in any orientation. All internal working
WT3000, for removing condensate and air from larger process components are extremely easy to replace and can be performed
applications. This steam trap is fully repairable while the body while the trap body remains connected in-line. Repair kit includes
remains in-line. Like all thermostatic traps, they are small, light ALL parts to fully rebuild the steam trap including thermal
weight, operate over a wide pressure range, and have excellent element, seat and gasket. The WT4000 does not contain a
air handling capabilities. Discharging air at start-up allows steam strainer. The WT4000S contains a strainer. WT4000SB contains
to quickly enter the system. All stainless steel construction and a blowdown valve for flushing dirt and scale from strainer.
integral strainer option make the WT4000 an excellent choice
for most process applications. Contains an extremely strong Helpful Selection Information
and rugged precision welded Stainless Steel thermal element
which is highly resistant to waterhammer. Two orifice sizes are available: 7/16” standard capacity and
5/16” reduced capacity. Select these models for steam systems
How It Works with maximum working pressure of 300 PSIG.
This thermostatic trap contains a welded stainless steel thermal
element that expands when heated and contracts when cooled Options
to 5˚F below saturated steam temperature. When air or sub-cooled Strainer, blowdown valve, and steam lock release.
condensate are present, the trap is in the open discharge position.
When steam reaches the trap, the element expands and closes S = Strainer (WT4001S)
off tightly. SB = Strainer and blowdown valve (WT4001SB)

Features SLR = Steam lock release

Customized flanged connections: Specify size, face-to-face
• The thermal element and seat can be easily removed and dimensions.
replaced in minutes with the trap body still in-line
• Operates at steam pressures up to 300 PSIG
• Thermostatic traps are excellent at discharging air, which How to Size / Order
allows steam to enter quickly; extremely important
during start-up Refer to the Capacity Chart to determine which model, the
WT4001 or WT4003 is required to satisfy the condensate load
• Welded stainless steel thermal element resists shock based on steam inlet pressure.
from waterhammer
• Freeze-proof when the trap is installed in a vertical Example:
orientation allowing for complete condensate drainage Application: 5610 lbs/hr at 100 PSIG steam inlet pressure
• Body is produced from stainless steel investment casting Size/Model: WT4001S, 5/16” orifice, and strainer
• Hardened stainless steel seat for extended service life Specify size & connections (NPT, SW, FLG)
• Available with integral strainer and blowdown valve Example Model Codes:

Sample Specification WT4001S-13-N 3/4” NPT with strainer, and 5/16” orifice

The steam trap shall be of thermostatic type with stainless steel WT4003SB-14-N 1” NPT with strainer and blowdown valve,
body, thermal element, and internal strainer. Trap must be in-line 7/16” orifice
repairable with a bolt-on type cover that is sealed with a spiral
wound Stainless Steel AISI 316 gasket. Seat and valve to be
hardened stainless steel.

56 www.watsonmcdaniel.com •• Pottstown PA • USA • Tel: 610-495-5131

 Steam Traps

STEAM TRAPS
WT4000
Thermostatic Steam Trap Thermostatic
(Repairable)

* Flanged face-to-face
dimension 9” standard. Cover Bolts
For custom sizes consult
3” Square factory (9” minimum).
Cover

Thermal Element

4.12” Orifice

FLOW

WT4000: 2.57”
WT4000S: 2.57”
WT4000SB: 3.12”

Strainer Strainer
Plug
4.81” (NPT, SW)
(Flanged as Req’d) *

Weight: 4.5 lbs.

M AT E R I A L S
Size/Connection* Model Code Orifice Size Description
Body Stainless Steel, AISI 316L
3/4” NPT WT4001-13-N 5/16” No Strainer Cover Stainless Steel, AISI 316L
1” NPT WT4001-14-N 5/16” No Strainer Cover Gasket Spiral Wound Stainless Steel, AISI 316
3/4” NPT WT4001S-13-N 5/16” Strainer Cover Bolts Steel, ASTM A193 GR B7 Nickel Plated
1” NPT WT4001S-14-N 5/16” Strainer Thermal Element Stainless Steel, AISI 302
3/4” NPT WT4001SB-13-N 5/16” Strainer & Blowdown Valve & Seat Hardened Stainless Steel, AISI 416
1” NPT WT4001SB-14-N 5/16” Strainer & Blowdown Seat Gasket Stainless Steel, AISI 316
Strainer* 0.046 Perforated Stainless Steel AISI 304
3/4” NPT WT4003-13-N 7/16” No Strainer
Blowdown Valve* Stainless Steel AISI 300
1” NPT WT4003-14-N 7/16” No Strainer
* Strainer and blowdown valve are optional
3/4” NPT WT4003S-13-N 7/16” Strainer
1” NPT WT4003S-14-N 7/16” Strainer
3/4” NPT WT4003SB-13-N 7/16” Strainer & Blowdown
1” NPT WT4003SB-14-N 7/16” Strainer & Blowdown
* For Socket Weld Connection change N to SW

C A PA C I T I E S – Condensate (lbs/hr)
Orifice Steam Inlet Pressure (PSIG)
Model Size 1 2 5 10 20 50 100 125 150 200 250 300
WT4001 5/16” 605 855 1350 1910 2705 4275 5610 6045 6425 7070 7615 8095
WT4003 7/16” 940 1325 2095 2960 4190 6620 8695 9365 9950 10955 11800 12540

Back Pressure as Percentage of Inlet Pressure 10 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Percentage Decrease in Trap Capacity 0 0 0 2 5 12 20 30 40 55

Tel: 610-495-5131 • Pottstown PA • USA •• www.watsonmcdaniel.com 57

STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps WT5000
Bi-Metal Adjustable Discharge Temperature Bi-Metal
(Repairable)

Model WT5000 (Bi-Metal)

Sizes 3/8”, 1/2”, 3/4, 1”
Connections NPT, SW
Body Material Stainless Steel
PMO Max. Operating Pressure 650 PSIG
TMO Max. Operating Temperature 662˚F
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 900 PSIG
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 800ºF

Typical Applications Sample Specification

TRACING: The WT5000 is specifically designed for steam The steam trap shall be a bi-metal type with stainless steel body,
tracing applications where accurate and adjustable control of seat, valve plug and bimetallic element. Bi-metal element shall
condensate discharge temperature is desired. Can be used be externally adjustable for control of condensate discharge
where a temperature sensitive medium is being transferred in temperature. Trap must be in-line repairable with a replaceable
piping system or held in a storage vessel and standard steam bi-metal element, valve plug and seat.
tracing methods may not be adequate to maintain specific
product temperatures. Having the ability to adjust the condensate
discharge temperature would allow for accurate temperature
Installation and Maintenance
control of the product being traced. The significant feature of Trap can be installed in any orientation. The body is made from
the WT5000 is that the condensate discharge temperature is stainless steel and is fully repairable while the steam trap remains
easily field-adjustable. in-line. If the trap fails, remove the cover and replace the internal
working components. Repair kit includes bimetallic element
How It Works (including valve stem and plug), seat and gasket.
Bi-metallic plates of dissimilar metals which are connected to
the valve seat assembly respond to temperature variations. At Helpful Selection Information
relatively cool conditions, the trap is open for the discharge of Available in 3/8” through 1” NPT and socket weld connections.
condensate. When the temperature of the condensate is equal to Select this model for steam systems with maximum working
or higher than the set temperature, the metals react and expand, pressure of 650 PSIG.
closing the trap. External field-adjustability of the bi-metal
element allows control of the condensate discharge temperature.
The condensate temperature can be field adjusted as follows:
To INCREASE the temperature, turn the adjuster screw: Size/Connection Model Weight Cross Reference
COUNTERCLOCKWISE Code lbs TLV
3/8” NPT WT5000-11-N
To DECREASE the temperature, turn the adjuster screw: 1/2” NPT WT5000-12-N
CLOCKWISE 3.0 LEX3N-TZ
3/4” NPT WT5000-13-N
Note: The lower the set temperature, the more condensate 1” NPT WT5000-14-N
will back-up in front of the trap inlet connection. Therefore, 3/8” SW WT5000-11-SW
consideration should be given to providing adequate piping 1/2” SW WT5000-12-SW
to accommodate any such back-up. 3.0 LEX3N-TZ
3/4” SW WT5000-13-SW
1” SW WT5000-14-SW
Features
• Excellent for various steam tracing and small process
applications using the additional energy (sensible heat)
of the hot condensate M AT E R I A L S
• Field-adjustable bi-metal element allows control of Body and Cover 304 Stainless Steel
condensate discharge temperature Bimetal Element GB14
Valve Seat 420 Stainless Steel
• Internal screen and seat/plug design help prevent pipe Valve Stem 420 Stainless Steel
scale and debris from accumulating on seating surfaces to
provide trouble-free operation
• In-line repairable

58 www.watsonmcdaniel.com •• Pottstown PA • USA • Tel: 610-495-5131

Steam Traps WT5000

STEAM TRAPS
Bi-Metal Adjustable Discharge Temperature Bi-Metal
(Repairable)
Units: inches

Temperature
Adjustment
Screw
3.25”

4.25”

3/8” – 1”
NPT, SW
FLOW

FLOW
2.75” (3/8” & 1/2”)
3.12” (3/4” & 1”)

Demonstrated in this
tracing application, the
Notes: discharge temperature
1) Capacities in chart are based on discharging condensate to atmospheric pressure (0 PSIG). of the trap is adjusted
so that hot condensate
2) Initial Opening Temperature = T is the temperature at which the trap just begins to open. backs up into the tracing
A negligable amount of condensate flow takes place at this temperature. It is adjustable line. This allows the
between 120˚F and 390˚F. product flowing thru the
3) Initial Opening Temperature must be at least 27 degrees below the saturated steam pipe to be heated to a
temperature to prevent possible steam loss. specific temperature by
4) When the condensate cools below the initial opening temperature, the Bi-metal mechanism the condensate.
opens further, increasing trap capacity. Trap capacity can be adjusted up to the max value
given in the chart.
5) For instructions on setting the trap discharge temperature and capacity, refer to
the Watson McDaniel Installation and Maintenance Guide.
6) Example: A WT5000 trap with 125 PSIG Steam Inlet Pressure can be set to an Initial Opening WT5000
Temperature between 120˚F and 326˚F. It can pass up to 413 lbs/hr when the temperature
of the condensate is 80˚F below the initial opening temperature (T–80˚F).

T = Initial Opening Temperature of the Trap can be set from 120˚F to 390˚F
Trap Capacities at Various Inlet Pressures – Lbs/hr @ T, T-20˚F, T-40˚F, T-60˚F, T-80˚F
Saturated Steam Temperature (˚F) (based on given steam inlet pressure)
T can range from 120˚F to 390˚F. 250 274 298 338 353 366 388 406 422 436 448 460 470 489 497
T range for Steam Inlet Pressure
of 15 PSIG is 120 to 223˚F Maximum Initial Opening Temperature must be at least 27 degrees below saturated steam temperature. (390˚F max)
223 247 271 311 326 339 361 379 390 390
Condensate Steam Inlet Pressure (PSIG)
Discharge Temperature 15 30 50 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 600 650
T = Initial Opening Temp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
20˚below Initial Opening
T–20˚F Temperature 56 70 102 144 161 177 204 228 250 270 289 306 323 354 368
40˚below Initial Opening
T–40˚F Temperature 116 164 212 300 336 368 425 475 520 562 600 637 671 735 756
60˚below Initial Opening
T–60˚F Temperature 134 190 245 346 387 424 490 548 600 648 693 735 775 849 883
80˚below Initial Opening
T–80˚F Temperature 143 202 261 370 413 453 523 584 640 691 739 784 826 905 942

Tel: 610-495-5131 • Pottstown PA • USA •• www.watsonmcdaniel.com 59

STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps TA25B, TA125
Thermostatic Steam Trap TS25B, TS125
(Repairable)
TA Type • Right-Angle Connection

Model TA25B, TA125,

TS25B, TS125
Sizes 1/2”, 3/4”
Connections NPT
Body Material Brass Inlet
PMO Max. Operating Pressure TA25B, TS25B 25 PSIG
TA125, TS125 125 PSIG
TMO Max. Operating Temperature Saturated Steam Temperature
Outlet
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 125 PSIG up to 450ºF
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 450ºF @125 PSIG
TS Type • Straight-thru Connection

Inlet
Outlet

Typical Applications Sample Specification

TA & TS type steam traps are predominantly used in the HVAC The steam trap shall be of thermostatic type with brass or
industry. They are referred to as radiator traps because the bronze body and stainless steel thermal element. Trap must
quick-disconnect right angle connection of the TA Type is be in-line repairable.
found on most steam radiator installations. The TS Type offers a
straight-through connection alternative. TA and TS Series radiator Installation and Maintenance
traps were designed specifically for removing condensate and air
from 2-pipe steam heating systems. Their excellent air-handling Trap can be installed in any orientation. The bodies are made
capabilities, compact size, and economical cost make them a from a high-quality brass forging and are easily repairable
great choice for air vents on heat exchangers or for steam trap while the steam trap remains in-line by removing the cap and
applications on OEM equipment. Contains an extremely strong replacing the seat and thermal element. Repair kit includes
and rugged precision-welded Stainless Steel thermal element thermal element, seat and gasket.
which is highly resistant to waterhammer.

How It Works
This thermostatic trap contains a welded stainless steel thermal
element that expands when heated and contracts when cooled.
When air and condensate are present the trap is in the open
discharge position. When steam reaches the trap the element
expands and closes off tightly.

Features
• Excellent air handling capability
• In-line repairable
• Welded stainless steel thermal element
• Stainless seat on TA125 & TS125
• High thermal efficiency

60 www.watsonmcdaniel.com •• Pottstown PA • USA • Tel: 610-495-5131

Steam Traps

STEAM TRAPS
TA25B, TA125
Thermostatic Steam Trap TS25B, TS125
(Repairable)

TA Type • Right-Angle Connection

2.12” Cover

1.0” Spring

1.19” Element

Seat
A

Gasket

TS Type • Straight-thru Connection Body

1.25”
1.75” Union
2.54” Nut

Union
Nipple
A

D I M E N S I O N S & W E I G H T S – inches
Model Pipe Size A Weight (lbs)
TA25B, TA125 1/2” 2.1875 1.5
TA25B, TA125 3/4” 3.062 1.5
TS25B, TS125 1/2” 4.500 1.5
TS25B, TS125 3/4” 4.625 1.5
Note: Other Union Connections and Lengths are available; consult factory.

How to Size / Order M AT E R I A L S

Select differential pressure; follow column down to correct Body Forged Brass, CA 377
capacity (lbs/hr) block. Example: Element Welded Stainless Steel, AISI 302
Application: 2100 lbs/hr at 40 PSI differential pressure Cover Forged Brass, CA 377
Size/Model: 3/4” TA125 Spring Stainless Steel, AISI 304
Seat TA25B/TS25B: Brass ASTM B-21
TA125/TS125: Stainless Steel, AISI 303
C A PA C I T I E S – Condensate (lbs/hr) Gasket Brass, ASTM B-21
PMO Steam Inlet Pressure (PSIG) Union Nipple Brass, ASTM B-16
Size Model Code (PSIG) 15 25 40 65 125 Union Nut Brass, ASTM B-16
TA25B-12-N
25 825 1070
TS25B-12-N
1/2”
TA125-12-N
125 825 1070 1323 1610 1950
TS125-12-N
TA25B-13-N
25 1290 1700
TS25B-13-N
3/4”
TA125-13-N
125 1290 1700 2100 2575 3300
TS125-13-N

Tel: 610-495-5131 • Pottstown PA • USA •• www.watsonmcdaniel.com 61

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 STEAM TRAPS
Float & Thermostatic Steam Traps

Steam Traps

Tel: 610-495-5131 • Pottstown PA • USA •• www.watsonmcdaniel.com 63

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 STEAM TRAPS
Float & Thermostatic Steam Traps
Introduction
FLOAT & THERMOSTATIC TRAPS
F&T steam traps are the most common trap type used for process applications. They use a float-operated valve mechanism to discharge
condensate as it is formed, and an air vent for discharging air at start-up; both very important requirements for process applications. The WFT
and FTT-Series with Iron bodies, are suitable for most general purpose process applications up to 250 PSIG. The 3/4” WFT and FTT are often
used for drip applications. The FTE-Series has extremely high capacity. The FT600 Series available with Cast Steel or Stainless Steel bodies;
often required in Chemical and Petrochemical refineries and other industries.
F&T Traps are classified as mechanical style traps and require the buoyancy of the float, and a lever mechanism to lift the valve disc off the
seat orifice. Larger seat orifices and higher steam pressures require additional buoyancy and mechanical force for the trap to open. Select a trap
model with an equal or higher PMO rating than the steam pressure, or the trap will not open. F&T traps are not self-draining and are therefore
subject to freezing in cold climates. Freeze protection valves are available to fully drain most model F&T traps during shut down periods.
Operation:
At start-up, air and condensate enter the steam trap. The air will be discharged through the open thermostatic air vent (Figure A).
As the condensate level in the trap rises, it lifts the float which opens the valve to allow the discharge of condensate. When steam
enters the trap, the thermostatic element expands and closes the air vent, preventing the steam from escaping (Figure B). As the
condensate discharges through the seat orifice, the float lowers, and shuts the valve (Figure C). The float closes the valve with a level
of condensate above the seating orifice to prevent loss of any steam. The float level rises and falls to modulate the seat opening in order
to maintain a constant equilibrium between the incoming and discharging condensate. Due to the balance of forces required between the
incoming pressure and internal trap components, several orifice sizes are offered to accommodate various differential pressure ranges.
These traps can be fitted with a steam lock release (SLR) to be used when the steam trap is physically positioned above the condensate
collection point. For superheated steam applications, the thermostatic air vent is replaced with a live orifice air vent.

A) Venting Air Thermostatic Air Vent (Open)

when Air is present
A) When cold air enters the trap during
start-up, the thermostatic air vent is
open, allowing the discharge of large
quantities of air from the system.

B) When condensate enters the trap,

the float lifts which opens the valve,
Inlet
allowing condensate to discharge.
Air
C) When steam is present, and no
Condensate Float condensate is entering the trap,
Outlet the valve and thermostatic air vent
Steam remain closed, trapping steam in
the system.

Valve (Closed)

B) Discharging Condensate C) Closed (Trapping Steam)

Thermostatic Air Vent (Closed)
Thermostatic Air Vent (Closed)
when Steam is present
when Steam is present

Elevated
Condensate
Level

Inlet Inlet
Float Condensate level
always remains
above valve
Float
seat to prevent
Outlet Outlet loss of steam

Valve (Open) Valve (Closed)

Tel: 610-495-5131 • Pottstown PA • USA •• www.watsonmcdaniel.com 65

STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps WFT Series
Float & Thermostatic Steam Trap Float & Thermostatic

Model WFT
Sizes 3/4”, 1”, 11/4”, 11/2”, 2”
Connections NPT
Body Material Cast Iron
PMO Max. Operating Pressure 250 PSIG
TMO Max. Operating Temperature Saturated Steam Temperature
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 250 PSIG up to 450ºF
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 450ºF @ 250 PSIG

Typical Applications Sample Specification

PROCESS, DRIP: WFT Series with parallel port connections were The trap shall be of float and thermostatic design with cast iron
specifically designed for removing condensate and air from HVAC body and parallel piping configuration. Thermostatic air vent to
and industrial process applications such as unit heaters, pressing be welded stainless steel. All internals must be stainless steel
machines, heat exchangers and coils. They contain a high-quality with hardened seat area. Trap must be in-line repairable.
welded stainless steel thermostatic air vent and stainless steel
mechanism. The WFT Series are fully repairable while the trap Installation and Maintenance
remains in-line and are available in 3/4” thru 2" NPT connections. The trap must be installed upright and level for the float
For drip applications, such as draining steam mains and steam mechanism to operate properly. All internal components can
supply lines, use model 3/4” WFT-125 (WFT-125-13-N). be replaced with the trap connected in-line. Repair kits include
thermostatic air vent, float, valve seat and disc, and gaskets.
How It Works The standard thermostatic air vent can be damaged by superheat;
therefore, in applications with superheated steam, the thermostatic
Float and thermostatic traps contain a float-operated valve and air vent should be replaced with a special “live orifice” air vent.
seat mechanism with a separate thermostatic element which work
together to remove both condensate and air from the steam Options
system. The float, which is attached to a valve, rises and opens
the valve when condensate enters the trap, allowing the conden- • Live orifice air vent for superheated steam applications.
sate to discharge. Air is discharged through the thermostatic air • NPT Connection for freeze protection
vent to the outlet side of the trap. Steam entering the trap causes
the thermostatic element to expand, closing the air vent and M AT E R I A L S
trapping the steam.
Body & Cover Cast Iron
Gasket Grafoil
Features Cover Screws Steel, GR5
• All stainless steel internals with hardened seat and Float Stainless Steel, AISI 304
wear parts Internals Stainless Steel, 300 Series
• In-line repairability is simplified by having all internals Thermostat Stainless Steel
attached to the cover Valve Seat Stainless Steel, 17-4 PH
• Welded stainless steel thermostatic air vent resists shock Valve Disc Stainless Steel, AISI 420F
from waterhammer. Live orifice air vent is available for
superheated applications
• Excellent air handling capability allows air to be discharged Demonstration of Parallel piping connections:
rapidly so steam can enter the system quickly during start-up
• F&T traps discharge condensate immediately as it
is formed (no condensate will back up into the system)
Inlet
INLET

OUTLET
Outlet

66 www.watsonmcdaniel.com •• Pottstown PA • USA • Tel: 610-495-5131

Steam Traps

STEAM TRAPS
WFT Series
Float & Thermostatic Steam Trap Float & Thermostatic

How to Size / Order

The PMO (maximum operating pressure) rating of model selected must meet or exceed the maximum steam pressure or the trap
may not open. For example; the WFT-125 has a PMO of 125 psi. Condensate capacity (lbs/hr) of the trap is based on the differential
pressure across the trap. For drip applications, a 3/4" WFT size is generally sufficient to exceed warm-up loads with a 2X safety factor.
The condensate loads (lbs/hr) for process applications are normally calculated at the maximum steam pressure; then an appropriate
safety margin is applied in order to select a trap with sufficient capacity when operating at lower steam pressures. Reference full
explanation of Safety Load Factors in Steam Trap Introduction section.
When a temperature control valve regulates the flow of steam to the process equipment (Heat Exchanger) being drained of condensate,
it is recommended to select a trap with a PMO that exceeds the inlet steam pressure to the temperature control valve. This assures that
under all operating conditions, the steam pressure will not exceed the PMO of the trap.

For Example: Process application has a maximum steam inlet pressure of 100 psi, a maximum condensate load of 2,500 lbs/hr and is
discharging to a condensate return line with a possible back pressure of 25 PSIG. ΔP = 100-25 = 75 PSI
To select trap: If the Safety Load Factor is chosen to be 2X max capacity at max differential pressure, then Trap should be selected based on
5,000 lbs/hr (2,500 x 2 = 5,000) at 75 PSI differential pressure with a PMO in excess of 100 PSIG
Selection: WFT-125-17-N, PMO=125 PSIG, 2” NPT with a condensate capacity of 7,460 lbs/hr at 75 PSI differential pressure.

C A PA C I T I E S – Condensate (lbs/hr)
PMO Pipe Orifice ΔP = Differential Pressure (PSI)
Model Code (PSIG) Size Size 1/4 1/2 1 2 5 10 15 20 30 40 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250
WFT-015-13-N 15 3/4” 0.250 390 490 620 780 1050 1320 1500
WFT-015-14-N 15 1” 0.250 390 490 620 780 1050 1320 1500
WFT-015-15-N 15 11/4” 0.312 610 770 960 1210 1630 2040 2330
WFT-015-16-N 15 11/2” 0.500 1420 1910 2570 3460 5120 6890 8190
WFT-015-17-N 15 2” 0.625 2260 2950 3860 5040 7170 9360 10930
WFT-030-13-N 30 3/4” 0.228 330 420 530 670 930 1180 1350 1500 1720
WFT-030-14-N 30 1” 0.228 330 420 530 670 930 1180 1350 1500 1720
WFT-030-15-N 30 11/4” 0.228 330 420 530 670 930 1180 1350 1500 1720
WFT-030-16-N 30 11/2” 0.390 930 1240 1650 2190 3210 4280 5060 5700 6750
WFT-030-17-N 30 2” 0.500 1420 1910 2570 3460 5120 6890 8190 9260 11020
WFT-075-13-N 75 3/4” 0.166 175 225 295 385 545 705 825 920 1075 1200 1305 1525
WFT-075-14-N 75 1” 0.166 175 225 295 385 545 705 825 920 1075 1200 1305 1525
WFT-075-15-N 75 11/4” 0.312 640 850 1130 1500 2180 2900 3420 3850 4540 5110 5600 6610
WFT-075-16-N 75 11/2” 0.312 640 850 1130 1500 2180 2900 3420 3850 4540 5110 5600 6610
WFT-075-17-N 75 2” 0.422 1020 1340 1760 2310 3330 4380 5140 5760 6770 7590 8290 9730
WFT-125-13-N 125 3/4” 0.128 105 135 180 235 340 445 525 585 690 770 845 990 1110 1210
WFT-125-14-N 125 1” 0.128 105 135 180 235 340 445 525 585 690 770 845 990 1110 1210
WFT-125-15-N 125 11/4” 0.250 410 540 710 930 1340 1770 2070 2320 2730 3050 3340 3920 4390 4790
WFT-125-16-N 125 11/2” 0.250 410 540 710 930 1340 1770 2070 2320 2730 3050 3340 3920 4390 4790
WFT-125-17-N 125 2” 0.332 720 960 1270 1690 2460 3270 3860 4340 5130 5770 6320 7460 8390 9190
WFT-175-13-N 175 3/4” 0.166 190 250 320 420 590 770 900 1010 1180 1310 1430 1670 1870 2030 2180 2310
WFT-175-14-N 175 1” 0.166 190 250 320 420 590 770 900 1010 1180 1310 1430 1670 1870 2030 2180 2310
WFT-175-15-N 175 11/4” 0.250 410 540 710 930 1340 1770 2070 2320 2730 3050 3340 3920 4390 4790 5150 5470
WFT-175-16-N 175 11/2” 0.250 410 540 710 930 1340 1770 2070 2320 2730 3050 3340 3920 4390 4790 5150 5470
WFT-175-17-N 175 2” 0.281 520 680 900 1180 1700 2230 2620 2930 3440 3860 4210 4950 5540 6050 6510 6920
WFT-250-13-N 250 3/4” 0.128 115 145 190 245 345 450 520 580 675 755 820 955 1060 1155 1235 1310 1375 1440 1495
WFT-250-14-N 250 1” 0.128 115 145 190 245 345 450 520 580 675 755 820 955 1060 1155 1235 1310 1375 1440 1495
WFT-250-15-N 250 11/4” 0.203 270 350 450 590 820 1070 1240 1380 1600 1780 1940 2250 2500 2720 2910 3080 3240 3380 3520
WFT-250-16-N 250 11/2” 0.203 270 350 450 590 820 1070 1240 1380 1600 1780 1940 2250 2500 2720 2910 3080 3240 3380 3520
WFT-250-17-N 250 2” 0.250 410 540 710 930 1340 1760 2060 2310 2710 3040 3320 3890 4360 4760 5110 5430 5730 6000 6250

Tel: 610-495-5131 • Pottstown PA • USA •• www.watsonmcdaniel.com 67

STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps WFT Series
Float & Thermostatic Steam Trap Float & Thermostatic
Dimensions: inches

WFT WFT
3/ ”
4 • 1” • 11/4” 3/4” & 1”

6.2 4.8
3.1
3.4

1.3
8.2
3.0
5.9
3.3

2.6

0.3
0.7 8.9
2.2
4.2 4.3

S P E C I F I C AT I O N S S P E C I F I C AT I O N S
PMO PMA Weight PMO PMA Weight
Model Sizes Connection (PSIG) (PSIG) (lbs) Model Sizes Connection (PSIG) (PSIG) (lbs)
WFT-15 3/4”, 1”, 11/4” NPT 15 125 9 WFT-175 3/4”, 1” NPT 175 250 20
WFT-30 3/4”, 1”, 11/4” NPT 30 125 9 WFT-250 3/4”, 1” NPT 250 250 20
WFT-75 3/4”, 1” NPT 75 125 9
WFT-125 3/4”, 1” NPT 125 125 9

Use 3/4” F&T traps for

drip applications up to
125 PSIG

WFT Series
WFT Series

Steam Main Drip Application Separator Application

68 www.watsonmcdaniel.com •• Pottstown PA • USA • Tel: 610-495-5131

Steam Traps

STEAM TRAPS
WFT Series
Float & Thermostatic Steam Trap Float & Thermostatic
Dimensions: inches

WFT WFT
11/4” & 11/2” 2”

4.8

3.9

8.2
10.9
3.0
4.5

2.6

0.3 8.9
0.7 0.5 12.2
2.2 5.7
4.3

S P E C I F I C AT I O N S S P E C I F I C AT I O N S
PMO PMA Weight PMO PMA Weight
Model Sizes Connection (PSIG) (PSIG) (lbs) Model Sizes Connection (PSIG) (PSIG) (lbs)
WFT-15 11/2” NPT 15 250 21 WFT-15 2” NPT 15 250 53
WFT-30 11/2” NPT 30 250 21 WFT-30 2” NPT 30 250 53
WFT-75 11/4”, 11/2” NPT 75 250 21 WFT-75 2” NPT 75 250 53
WFT-125 11/4”, 11/2” NPT 125 250 21 WFT-125 2” NPT 125 250 53
WFT-175 11/4”, 11/2” NPT 175 250 21 WFT-175 2” NPT 175 250 53
WFT-250 11/4”, 11/2” NPT 250 250 21 WFT-250 2” NPT 250 250 53

Multi-bank Air Heating Coils / Air Handler Unit

Steam Steam Steam

WFT Series
WFT Series
FTE Series

Tel: 610-495-5131 • Pottstown PA • USA •• www.watsonmcdaniel.com 69

STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps FTT Series
Float & Thermostatic Steam Trap Float & Thermostatic

Model FTT
Sizes 1/2”, 3/4”, 1”, 11/2”, 2”
Connections NPT, 150# FLG (1” - 2”)
Body Material Ductile Iron
PMO Max. Operating Pressure 300 PSIG
TMO Max. Operating Temperature Saturated Steam Temperature
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 300 PSIG up to 450ºF
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 450ºF @ 300 PSIG
1/2” & 3/4” available in NPT only.

Typical Applications
DRIP, PROCESS: FTT Series steam traps with in-line pipe
connections are used for the removal of condensate and air in
HVAC and industrial process applications such as unit heaters,
water heaters, pressing machines, heat exchangers and coils.
They contain a high-quality welded stainless steel thermostatic Installation and Maintenance
air vent and stainless seat and mechanism. F&T traps have
excellent air handling capability, making them a better choice The trap must be installed upright and level for the float
than Inverted Bucket traps for most process applications. For mechanism to operate properly. All internal components can
drip applications, such as draining steam mains and steam be replaced with the trap body remaining in-line. Repair kits
supply lines, use 1/2” or 3/4” sizes. include thermostatic air vent, float, valve seat and disc, and
gaskets. The standard thermostatic air vent can be damaged
How It Works by superheat; therefore, in applications with superheated steam,
Float and thermostatic traps contain a float and seat mechanism the thermostatic air vent should be replaced with a special
with a separate thermostatic element which work together to “live orifice” air vent.
remove both condensate and air from the steam system. The Features
float, which is attached to a valve, rises and opens the valve
when condensate enters the trap. This allows the condensate to • Ductile Iron has a higher pressure and temperature rating
discharge. Air is discharged through the thermostatic air vent to and is more resistant to shock loads than cast Iron
the outlet side of the trap. Steam entering the trap causes the • All stainless steel internals with hardened seat and
thermostatic element to expand, closing the air vent and wear parts
trapping the steam.
• In-line repairability is simplified by having all internals
Sample Specification attached to the cover

The trap shall be of float and thermostatic design with ductile iron
• Welded stainless steel thermostatic air vent resists shock
from waterhammer. Live orifice air vent is available for
body and in-line piping configuration. Thermostatic air vent to be superheated applications
welded stainless steel. All internals must be stainless steel with
hardened seat area. Trap must be in-line repairable. • Excellent air handling capability allows air to be
discharged rapidly so steam can enter the system quickly
Options during start-up
• Live orifice air vent for superheated steam applications. • F&T traps discharge condensate immediately as it
• NPT Connection for freeze protection is formed (no condensate will back up into the system)

How to Size / Order

The PMO (maximum operating pressure) rating of model selected must meet or exceed the maximum steam pressure or the trap may not
open. For example; the FTT-145 has a PMO of 145 psi. Condensate capacity (lbs/hr) of the trap is based on the differential pressure across
the trap. For drip applications, a 1/2" FTT size is generally sufficient to exceed warm-up loads with a 2X safety factor. The condensate loads
(lbs/hr) for process applications are normally calculated at the maximum steam pressure; then an appropriate safety margin is applied in
order to select the trap with sufficient capacity when operating at lower steam pressures. Reference full explanation of Safety Load Factors in
Steam Traps Introduction section.
When a temperature control valve is regulating flow to the process equipment, it is recommended to select a trap with a PMO that will
exceed the inlet steam pressure to the control valve.
For Example: Process application has a maximum steam inlet pressure of 100 psi, a maximum condensate load of 2,500 lbs/hr and is
discharging to a condensate return line with a possible back pressure of 25 psig. ΔP = 100-25 = 75 PSI
To select trap: If the Safety Load Factor is chosen to be 2X max capacity at max differential pressure, then Trap should be selected based on
5,000 lbs/hr (2,500 x 2 = 5,000) at 75 PSI differential pressure with a PMO in excess of 100 PSIG
Selection: FTT-145-16-N, PMO=145 PSIG, 11/2” NPT with a condensate capacity of 9,600 lbs/hr at 75 PSI differential pressure.

70 www.watsonmcdaniel.com •• Pottstown PA • USA • Tel: 610-495-5131

 STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps FTT Series
Float & Thermostatic Steam Trap Float & Thermostatic

Cover
Gasket

Welded High-Strength
Stainless Steel Stainless
Thermostatic Steel
Air Vent Float

All
Stainless
Steel Internals
Heat-treated
Seat & Disc

M AT E R I A L S
Body & Cover Ductile Iron
Seat Area
Gasket Grafoil Heat-treated
Cover Screws Steel, GR5 for Extended Life
Float Stainless Steel, AISI 304
Internals Stainless Steel
Thermostat Stainless Steel
Connection Code: N=NPT, F150 = 150# FLG
Valve Seat Stainless Steel, 17-4 PH
1/2” & 3/4” available in NPT only.
Valve Disc Stainless Steel, AISI 420F
PMO = Max Operating Pressure
C A PA C I T I E S – Condensate (lbs/hr)
PMO Pipe ΔP = Differential Pressure (PSI)
Model Code (PSIG) Size 1/4 1/2 1 2 5 10 15 20 30 40 50 65 75 100 125 145 200 225 250 300
FTT-065-12-N 65 1/2” 115 155 205 270 390 520 610 685 810 910 995 1110
FTT-065-13-N 65 3/4” 115 155 205 270 390 520 610 685 810 910 995 1110
FTT-065-14-N 65 1” 340 500 775 1100 1700 2400 2800 3250 3925 4200 5000 5825
FTT-065-16-N 65 11/2” 1150 1650 2500 3450 5300 7500 8180 10600 13100 15000 16800 18900
FTT-065-17-N 65 2” 3470 4820 8500 11950 18700 25200 26900 36000 43000 49600 55500 61300
FTT-145-12-N 145 1/2” 55 75 100 135 200 270 320 365 435 490 540 600 640 725 795 850
FTT-145-13-N 145 3/4” 55 75 100 135 200 270 320 365 435 490 540 600 640 725 795 850
FTT-145-14-N 145 1” 190 275 405 550 840 1200 1380 1600 1850 2200 2450 2750 2920 3400 3700 3900
FTT-145-16-N 145 11/2” 685 970 1275 1750 2740 3750 4490 5100 6250 7200 8000 8900 9600 11250 12000 13300
FTT-145-17-N 145 2” 1860 2680 3125 4400 6900 9250 13790 14600 16900 19400 21900 25000 26800 31000 34000 37000
FTT-225-12-N 225 1/2” 40 50 70 95 135 185 220 245 290 330 360 405 430 485 530 565 645 680
FTT-225-13-N 225 3/4” 40 50 70 95 135 185 220 245 290 330 360 405 430 485 530 565 645 680
FTT-225-14-N 225 1” 150 200 300 405 600 820 975 1130 1375 1510 1620 1875 2000 2350 2600 2750 3100 3250
FTT-250-16-N 250 11/2” 530 710 825 1130 1760 2500 2950 3375 4125 4740 5250 6000 6400 7300 8000 8650 10200 10800 11300
FTT-250-17-N 250 2” 695 985 1560 2185 3490 4800 5800 6750 8250 9500 10650 12400 13300 15000 16600 18120 21200 22300 23200
FTT-300-14-N 300 1” 100 155 220 300 460 630 750 860 1060 1240 1360 1450 1600 1820 2000 2130 2500 2650 2800 3000

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STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps FTT Series
Float & Thermostatic Steam Trap Float & Thermostatic
Dimensions: inches
FTT • 1/2” & 3/4”
4.8 2.5 C
L PIPING
Weight: 6 lbs.

3.9
FLOW

1.9

1.9

FTT 1” Weight threaded NPT: 16 lbs.

7.5

FLOW

3.1

1.1 C
6.3
L PIPING Flange
4.8 8.8
NPT

FTT • 11/2” • Weight threaded NPT 38 lbs.

9.6

FLOW

4.3

9.1
1.4 C
L PIPING Flange
10.6
NPT 12.0

FTT • 2” • Weight threaded NPT 42 lbs.

9.6

FLOW

4.3

11.9
1.4 C
L PIPING 9.1
NPT Flange
12.0

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 STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps FTT Series
Float & Thermostatic Steam Trap Float & Thermostatic

Typical Applications for Float & Thermostatic Steam Traps

Steam

FTT Series

Strainer

Jacketed Kettle Application

FTT
Series

FTT Series Instantaneous Steam to Hot Water Heater

(Heat Miser)

Strainer

Steam Main Drip Application

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STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps FTE & FTES
Float & Thermostatic Steam Trap Float & Thermostatic

Model FTE FTES

Sizes 11/2”, 2”, 21/2” 21/2”
Connections NPT NPT, SW, FLG
Body Material Ductile Iron Cast Steel
PMO Max. Operating Pressure 200 PSIG 300 PSIG
TMO Max. Operating Temperature 450ºF 450ºF
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 300 PSIG up to 450ºF 300 PSIG up to 750ºF
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 450ºF @ 300 PSIG 750ºF @ 300 PSIG

The FTE & FTES are used for extremely high capacity condensate
drainage applications.

Typical Applications
PROCESS: FTE & FTES Series are high capacity steam traps
specifically designed to remove condensate and air from
HVAC and industrial process applications with extremely high
condensate load requirements. Examples include reboilers,
absorption chillers, large air-handling coils, large heat exchangers
and other large process equipment. They are available with
a ductile iron (FTE) or steel body (FTES) and contain a high
quality welded stainless steel thermostatic air vent and stainless
mechanism. F&T traps have excellent air-handling capability,
making them a better choice than Inverted Bucket traps for
most process applications.
Features
• Ductile Iron has a higher pressure and temperature rating
and is more resistant to shock loads than Cast Iron
• Cast Steel Body will allow operating pressures and
temperatures up to 300 PSIG and 450˚F
• High capacity steam trap for draining large process
equipment (over 100,000 lbs/hr)
• All stainless steel internals with hardened seat and Sample Specification
wear parts The trap shall be of float and thermostatic design with ductile
• In-line repairability is simplified by having all internals iron or cast steel body. The trap must incorporate all stainless
attached to the cover steel internals with hardened seat and welded stainless steel
• Welded stainless steel thermostatic air vent resists shock thermostatic air vent. Trap must be in-line repairable.
from waterhammer. Live orifice air vent is available for
superheated applications Installation and Maintenance
• Excellent air handling capability allows air to be The trap must be installed upright and level for the float
discharged rapidly so steam can enter the system quickly mechanism to operate properly. All internal components can
during start-up be replaced with the trap body remaining in-line. Repair kits
• F&T traps discharge condensate immediately as it is include thermostatic air vent, float, valve seat and disc, and
formed (no condensate will back up into the system) gaskets. The FTES Series have cast steel bodies and are available
in 21/2” NPT, socket weld and flange connections. The standard
How It Works thermostatic air vent can be damaged by superheat; therefore,
in applications with superheated steam, the thermostatic air vent
Float and thermostatic traps contain a float and seat mechanism should be replaced with a special “live orifice” air vent.
with a separate thermostatic element which work together to
remove both condensate and air from the steam system. The Options
float, which is attached to a valve, rises and opens the valve
when condensate enters the trap. This allows the condensate to Live orifice air vent for superheated steam applications.
discharge. Air is discharged through the thermostatic air vent to
Parallel-pipe inlet/outlet connections are standard as shown.
the outlet side of the trap. Steam entering the trap causes the
An optional In-line inlet/outlet connection is available;
thermostatic element to expand, closing the air vent and
contact factory.
trapping the steam.

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 STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps FTE & FTES
Float & Thermostatic Steam Trap Float & Thermostatic
F

INLET

C E

OUTLET

D A

DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS – inches M AT E R I A L S

Size/Model A B C D E F Weight Body & Cover (FTE) Ductile Iron
2“ FTE-20 12.6 5.7 4.5 0.5 11.1 3.9 54 Body & Cover (FTES) Cast Steel, ASTM A-216
2“ FTE-50 16.0 8.4 7.3 1.4 15.6 3.6 150 Cover Screw Grade 5 Carbon Steel
21/2” FTE-50 15.5 8.4 7.3 1.4 15.6 3.6 150 Cover Gasket Grafoil
21/2” FTE-125 15.5 8.4 7.3 1.4 15.6 3.6 150
Valve Discs Stainless Steel, AISI 17-4PH
Main Valve Assembly Housing Stainless Steel, AISI 17-4PH
11/2” FTE-200 9.6 4.3 3.0 0.7 8.8 2.6 35
Valve Assembly Gasket Garlock
2“ FTE-200 12.6 5.7 4.5 0.5 11.1 3.9 65
Ball Float Stainless Steel, AISI 304
21/2” FTE-200 15.5 8.4 7.3 1.4 15.6 3.6 150
Thermostatic Vent Stainless Steel, AISI 300
21/2” FTES-300 15.5 8.4 7.3 1.4 15.6 3.6 150 Optional: Live orifice air vent
Note: 21/2” FTES-50, 125 & 300 have same dimensions and weights.

How to Size / Order

The PMO (maximum operating pressure) rating of model selected must meet or exceed the maximum steam pressure or the trap may not
open. For example; the FTE-125 has a PMO of 125 psi. Condensate capacity (lbs/hr) of the trap is based on the differential pressure across
the trap. The condensate loads (lbs/hr) for process applications are normally calculated at the maximum steam pressure; then an appropriate
safety margin is applied in order to select a trap with sufficient capacity when operating at lower steam pressures. Reference full explanation of
Safety Load Factors in Steam Traps Introduction section.
When a temperature control valve is regulating flow to the process equipment, it is recommended to select a trap with a PMO that will
exceed the inlet steam pressure to the control valve.
For Example: Process application has a maximum steam inlet pressure of 100 psi, a maximum condensate load of 10,000 lbs/hr and is
discharging to a condensate return line with a possible back pressure of 25 psig. ΔP = 100-25 = 75 PSI
To select trap: If the Safety Load Factor is chosen to be 2X max capacity at max differential pressure, then Trap should be selected based on
20,000 lbs/hr (10,000 x 2 = 20,000) at 75 PSI differential pressure with a PMO in excess of 100 PSIG
Selection: FTE-200-17-N, PMO=200 PSIG, 2” NPT with a condensate capacity of 21,500 lbs/hr at 75 PSI differential pressure.

C A PA C I T I E S – Condensate (lbs/hr)
PMO Pipe Orifice ΔP = Differential Pressure (PSI)
Model Code (PSIG) Size Size 1/4 1/2 1 2 5 10 15 20 30 50 75 100 125 200 250 300
FTE-20-17-N* 20 2” .937” 6100 7800 9300 11800 15900 19500 22500 26000
FTE-50-17-N 50 2” 2.125” 12800 16900 20100 25300 33000 40200 43500 46000 47800 52500
FTE-50-18-N 50 21/2” 2.125” 20400 25700 31000 37000 46300 55100 60300 65100 72000 82100
FTE-125-18-N 125 21/2” 2.125” 20400 25700 31000 37000 46300 55100 60300 65100 72000 82100 90400 97700 105000
FTE-200-16-N 200 11/2” .375” 950 1350 1900 2200 2700 3300 3900 4400 5300 6400 7600 8500 9400 11900
FTE-200-17-N 200 2” .75” 2700 4100 5700 7400 9900 11800 13400 14400 16400 19000 21500 23000 24500 29200
FTE-200-18-N 200 21/2” 1.5” 7200 12300 17400 21500 27600 32600 36000 39300 43100 49200 54700 58800 61900 74000
FTES-50-18-N 50 21/2” 2.125” 20400 25700 31000 37000 46300 55100 60300 65100 72000 82100
FTES-125-18-N 125 21/2” 2.125” 20400 25700 31000 37000 46300 55100 60300 65100 72000 82100 90400 97700 105000
FTES-300-18-N 300 21/2” 1.5” 7200 12300 17400 21500 27600 32600 36000 39300 43100 49200 54700 58800 61900 74000 86000 100550
* Single seat orifice. All others are double seated.
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STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps FT600 & FT601
Float & Thermostatic Steam Trap Float & Thermostatic

Model FT600 & FT601*

Sizes 3/4”, 1”, 11/2”, 2”, 3”, 4”
Connections NPT, SW, FLG
Body Material Carbon Steel or 316SS
Options Live Orifice Air Vent
PMO Max. Operating Pressure 450 PSIG
TMO Max. Operating Temperature 750ºF
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 990 PSIG @ 100ºF
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 750ºF @ 670 PSIG
* FT601 Body Material is 316 SS
FT600 Body Material is Carbon Steel

Typical Applications
PROCESS: FT600 Series steam traps with Cast Steel Body
were specifically designed for removing condensate and air
from higher pressure steam applications or where steel bodies
are specified. They are typically used in chemical plants and
petrochemical refineries on re-boilers, heat exchangers, and
other critical process applications. The excellent air-handling
capability of float and thermostatic traps make them a better
choice than bucket traps for applications requiring quick system
start-up. Maximum steam pressure is 450 PSIG. Note: Model
FT601 is identical to FT600 except body material is 316 SS.

How It Works
Float and thermostatic traps contain a float and seat mechanism
with a separate thermostatic element which work together to
remove both condensate and air from the steam system. The Options
float, which is attached to a valve, rises and opens the valve Live orifice air vent for superheated applications.
when condensate enters the trap. This allows the condensate to
discharge. Air is discharged through the thermostatic air vent to Sample Specification
the outlet side of the trap. Steam entering the trap causes the
thermostatic element to expand, closing the air vent and The steam trap shall be of the mechanical float type having cast
trapping the steam. steel bodies, horizontal in-line connections in NPT, SW, or flanged,
and all stainless steel internals. Incorporated into the trap body
shall be an all stainless steel welded thermal element air vent
Features which is water hammer resistant. The air vent is to be located
at the high point of trap body to assure proper venting of non-
• Investment cast steel body and cover with class 400 condensables. The trap body will be in-line renewable. All
shell rating (670 PSIG @ 750˚F)
bodies and covers shall be class 400 shell design, suitable
• Hardened stainless steel seat and disc for extended service for 670 PSIG @ 750ºF.
life even at extreme temperatures and pressures
• Excellent air handling capability allows air to be Installation and Maintenance
discharged rapidly so steam can enter the system quickly The trap must be installed upright and level for the float
during start-up mechanism to operate properly. All internal components can
• In-line repairability is simplified by having all internals be replaced while the steam trap remains connected to the piping
attached to the cover. Studded cover allows for easier (in-line repairable). Threaded studs are permanently installed into
removal of body. the cover assembly which greatly simplifies the removal and
• Welded stainless steel air vent resists shock from replacement of the body when servicing. Internal components
waterhammer. Live orifice air vent is available for include a high quality welded stainless steel thermostatic air vent
superheated applications and stainless steel seat and mechanism. The standard thermostatic
air vent can be damaged by superheat; therefore, in applications
• F&T traps discharge condensate immediately as it is with superheated steam, the thermostatic air vent should be
formed (no condensate will back up into the system) replaced with a special “live orifice” air vent.

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 STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps FT600 & FT601
Float & Thermostatic Steam Trap Float & Thermostatic

Studded Cover to
Facilitate Disassembly
& Maintenance
(Studs remain attached
to cover)

Cover
Gasket

Welded Stainless Steel

Thermostatic Air Vent
Optional Live Orifice for
Superheat Applications.
(Live Orifice is standard
on pressures
above 300 PSIG.)

All Wear High-Strength

Points are Stainless
Heat-treated Steel
Stainless Float
Steel

Stainless Steel
Erosion
Protection
Shield

Investment Cast
Body & Cover
available in Carbon Steel Seat Area
or 316 SS Heat-treated and Lapped
for Extended Life
and Tight Shut-off

M AT E R I A L S
FT 600: Body & Cover Cast Steel, ASTM A-216
FT 601: Body & Cover 316 SS
Cover Studs Steel, AS 193, GR B7
Cover Nuts Steel, SA 194, GR 2H
Cover Gasket Stainless Steel Reinforced Grafoil
Valve Assembly Stainless Steel, AISI 431
Gasket, Valve Assembly Stainless Steel Reinforced Grafoil
Pivot Assembly Stainless Steel, 17-4 PH
Mounting Screws Stainless Steel Hex Head, 18-8
Float Stainless Steel, ASTM -240, 304
Air Vent Assembly Thermostatic element 304 SS
Optional: Live orifice

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STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps FT600 & FT601
Float & Thermostatic Steam Trap Float & Thermostatic

How to Size / Order

The maximum operating pressure (PMO) rating of model selected must meet or exceed the maximum steam pressure or the trap may not
open. For example; the FT600-145 has a PMO of 145 psi. Condensate capacity (lbs/hr) of the trap is based on the differential pressure
across the trap.
For drip applications, a (3/4)" FT600 size is sufficient to exceed warm-up loads with a 2X safety factor. The condensate loads (lbs/hr)
for process applications are normally calculated at the maximum steam pressure; then an appropriate safety margin is applied in order
to select a trap with sufficient capacity when operating at lower steam pressures. Reference full explanation of Safety Load Factors in
Steam Traps Introduction section.
When a temperature control valve regulates the flow of steam to the process equipment (Heat Exchanger) being drained of condensate,
it is recommended to select a trap with a PMO that exceeds the inlet steam pressure to the temperature control valve. This assures that
under all operating conditions, the steam pressure will not exceed the PMO of the trap.

For Example: Process application has a maximum steam inlet pressure of 100 psi, a maximum condensate load of 2,500 lbs/hr and is
discharging to a condensate return line with a possible back pressure of 20 psig. ΔP = 100-20 = 80 PSI
To select trap: If the Safety Load Factor is chosen to be 2X max capacity at max differential pressure, then Trap should be selected based
on 5,000 lbs/hr (2,500 x 2 = 5,000) at 80 PSI differential pressure with a PMO in excess of 100 PSIG
Selection: FT600-145-16-N, PMO=145 PSIG, 11/2” NPT with a condensate capacity of 9,900 lbs/hr at 80 PSI differential pressure.

Connection Codes:
(N=NPT, SW=Socket Weld, F150=150# FLG, F300=300# FLG, F600=600# FLG)

C A PA C I T I E S – Condensate (lbs/hr)
PMO ΔP = Differential Pressure (PSI)
Model Code* (PSIG) Sizes 1 2 3 4 5 10 20 30 40 50 65 80 100 145 200 300 400 450
FT600-65-13-N 65 3/4” 225 300 363 413 463 635 960 1060 1180 1320 1460
FT600-65-14-N 65 1” 775 1094 1340 1520 1690 2370 3260 3990 4500 5000 5500
FT600-65-16 -N 65 11/2” 2500 3450 4130 4750 5300 7500 10625 13125 15000 16800 18850
FT600-65-17 -N 65 2” 8500 11950 14670 16800 18700 25250 35900 43000 49600 55500 61250
FT600-145-13-N 145 3/4” 137 180 218 250 275 380 520 625 725 863 895 995 1120 1315
FT600-145-14-N 145 1” 400 555 660 755 850 1237 1593 1925 2240 2490 2750 3000 3430 3935
FT600-145-16-N 145 11/2” 1275 1750 2125 2430 2740 3750 5100 6250 7200 7995 8875 9900 11250 13300
FT600-145-17-N 145 2” 3125 4400 5375 6250 6900 9250 14625 16875 19375 21875 25000 27500 31000 37000
FT600-200-13-N 200 3/4” 93 137 160 187 205 287 400 487 560 610 710 775 875 1060 1250
FT600-200-14-N 200 1” 300 410 487 560 610 925 1140 1375 1520 1687 1875 2060 2312 2750 3100
FT600-200-16-N 200 11/2” 825 1130 1400 1570 1760 25000 375 4125 4740 5250 6000 6600 7300 8650 10200
FT600-200-17-N 200 2” 1560 2187 2800 3100 3490 4800 6750 8250 9500 10625 12400 13700 15000 18120 21200
FT600-300-13-N 300 3/4” 50 68 83 95 106 155 197 240 275 300 340 375 413 490 570 710
FT600-300-14-N 300 1” 225 300 363 413 463 635 960 1060 1180 1320 1468 1640 1815 2130 2550 3000
FT600-300-16-N 300 11/2” 825 1130 1400 1570 1760 25000 375 4125 4740 5250 6000 6600 7300 8650 10200 12600
FT600-300-17-N 300 2” 1560 2187 2800 3100 3490 4800 6750 8250 9500 10625 12400 13700 15000 18120 21200 26250
FT600-450-13-N 450 3/4” 32 42 49 56 62 84 119 145 163 175 192 210 186 275 312 375 425 450
FT600-450-14-N 450 1” 137 180 218 250 275 380 520 625 725 863 895 995 1120 1315 1500 1870 2125 2250
FT600-450-16-N 450 11/2” 825 1130 1400 1570 1760 2500 3375 4125 4740 5250 6000 6600 7300 8650 10200 12600 14375 15200
FT600-450-17-N 450 2” 1560 2187 2800 3100 3490 4800 6750 8250 9500 10625 12400 13700 15000 18120 21200 26250 28700 31250
Note: For 450 Model, the Thermostatic Air Vent is replaced with a live Orifice.
* Chart is applicable for both Models FT600 & FT601

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Steam Traps

STEAM TRAPS
FT600 & FT601
Float & Thermostatic Steam Trap Float & Thermostatic

FT600 & FT601:

3/4”, 1”, 11/2”, 2”
F min.
(for service)

AA E
A D

D I M E N S I O N S & W E I G H T S – inches
Weight (lbs)
Model* Size A AA B C D E F NPT/SW FLG
FT600 3/4" 6.10 10.10 2.07 3.93 7.38 8.41 5.75 25 31
FT600 1" 6.50 10.40 2.50 5.50 8.44 9.50 6.25 31 36
FT600 11/2" 9.80 14.00 3.26 6.85 10.40 11.94 7.75 82 91
FT600 2" 11.80 16.00 3.60 7.40 11.59 13.27 8.00 93 107
* Chart is applicable for FT600 & FT601

Typical Applications for Float & Thermostatic Steam Traps

Shell & Tube Heat Exchanger Application: Steam Main Drip Application

Steam

Steam

Hot FT600 Series

Liquid
Cold
Outlet
Liquid 3/4” FT600-200
Inlet

Strainer
Strainer

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STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps FT600 & FT601
Float & Thermostatic Steam Trap Float & Thermostatic

Model FT600 & FT601*

Sizes 3”, 4”
Connections NPT, SW, FLG
Body Material Carbon Steel or 316SS
PMO Max. Operating Pressure 450 PSIG
TMO Max. Operating Temperature 750ºF
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 990 PSIG @ 100ºF
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 750ºF @ 670 PSIG

* FT601 Body Material is 316 SS

FT600 Body Material is Carbon Steel
3” & 4” FT600 & FT601 contain an open orifice air vent.
If a thermostatic air vent is required, contact factory.

PRESSURE-TEMPERATURE RATING - 3” & 4” Models

PMA 650 PSIG up to 450˚F
TMA 750˚F @ 375 PSIG

Size Conn PMO Model

(PSIG) Code
3” NPT 450 FT600-450-19-N
3” SW 450 FT600-450-19-SW
3” 150 # Flg 285 FT600-285-19-F150
3” 300 # Flg 450 FT600-450-19-F300
3” 600 # Flg 450 FT600-450-19-F600
4” 150 # Flg 285 FT600-285-20-F150
4” 300 # Flg 450 FT600-450-20-F300
4” 600 # Flg 450 FT600-450-20-F600

C A PA C I T I E S – Condensate (1000 lbs/hr)

Differential Pressure (PSI)
Temp 1/2 1 2 5 10 15 20 30 40 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 250 300 350 400 450
COLD* 44 59 81 122 170 205 230 280 317 350 425 480 540 580 625 670 740 800 860 910 960
HOT 44 53 64 83 100 112 121 138 149 159 177 190 201 212 222 230 247 260 270 280 290
* Cold Water capacities are to be used when the trap is used as a liquid drain trap.
Note: For liquid drain trap applications, please specify “liquid drain trap” when ordering.

C A PA C I T Y C O R R E C T I O N FA C T O R S
To obtain capacity with a liquid other than water, multiply water capacity by correction factor.
Spec. Gravity 1 .98 .96 .94 .92 .90 .88 .86 .84 .82 .80 .75 .70 .65 .60 .55 .50
Corr. Factor 1 .990 .980 .970 .959 .949 .938 .927 .917 .906 .894 .866 .837 .806 .775 .742 707

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 STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps FT600 & FT601
Float & Thermostatic Steam Trap Float & Thermostatic

FT600 & FT601:

Lifting 16”
3” & 4” Eyes

(2) Jack
Screws

25.8”

8.8

A (4) 0.62” ø
NPT & SW Mounting Holes
AA
Flanged

DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS – inches

Weight (lbs)
Model* Size A AA Connection FLG
FT600 3" 27 39 587 (NPT, SW) 626
FT600 4" 27 39 587 (SW) 654
* Chart is applicable for both Models FT600 & FT601

FT600: 3” - 4” :
Process: Refinery Reboiler Application

Vapor from Reboiler

flows to
Distillation Tower

Steam

4” FT600

Inlet
Bottom Liquid from
Product Cracking
Tower to be
Heated
Condensate

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STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps FT Series
Float & Thermostatic Steam Trap Float & Thermostatic

Model FT
Sizes 3/4”, 1”, 11/4”, 11/2”, 2”
Connections NPT
Body Material Cast Iron
PMO Max. Operating Pressure 75 PSIG
TMO Max. Operating Temperature Saturated Steam Temperature
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 75 PSIG up to 450ºF
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 450ºF @ 75 PSIG

Typical Applications Features

DRIP, PROCESS: FT Series steam traps are designed for • H-pattern design allows piping from either side of the
operating pressures up to 75 PSIG. These float and thermostatic steam trap (there are two inlet ports at top and two outlet
traps are used for lower pressure HVAC and light industrial process ports at bottom)
applications. They are used on unit heaters, water heaters,
pressing machines, heat exchangers and coils. For drip • F&T traps have excellent air handling capability allows
applications, such as draining steam mains and steam supply air to be discharged rapidly and steam to enter the system
lines, use 3/4” FT-075 (FT73-075-13-N). F&T traps have quickly during start-up
excellent air-handling capability, which make them a better • Welded stainless steel thermostatic air vent resists shock
choice than Inverted Bucket traps for most process applications. from waterhammer
FT Series traps have a dual inlet-outlet H-Pattern connection • In-line repairable (all internals are attached to cover)
allowing for additional flexibility in installation.
Installation and Maintenance
How It Works
The trap must be installed upright and level for the float
Float and thermostatic traps contain a float and seat mechanism mechanism to operate properly. All internal components
with a separate thermostatic element which work together to can be replaced with the trap body piped in-line. Repair
remove both condensate and air from the steam system. The kit includes thermostatic element, valve seat and disc, float
float, which is attached to a valve, rises and opens the valve and sealing gasket.
when condensate enters the trap. This allows the condensate to
discharge. Air is discharged through the thermostatic air vent to
the outlet side of the trap. Steam entering the trap causes the Helpful Selection Information
thermostatic element to expand, closing the air vent and Select a model that can handle the maximum working pressure
trapping the steam. of the steam system. For example, the FT3-015 has a maximum
working pressure of 15 PSI. Consult capacity tables to properly
Sample Specification size unit. Available in 3/4” through 2” NPT connections. Select
these models for steam systems with maximum working pressure
The trap shall be of float and thermostatic design with cast of 75 PSIG.
iron body. Thermostatic element to be welded stainless steel.
Float and seating material to be stainless steel. Trap must
be in-line repairable.

Demonstration of H-Style piping connections:

Plugged Plugged
Inlet Inlet
Outlet
Plugged Plugged
Outlet
Inlet
Plugged Plugged
Inlet

Plugged Plugged
Outlet Outlet

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Steam Traps FT Series

STEAM TRAPS
Float & Thermostatic Steam Trap Float & Thermostatic
C
A
E

inlet inlet

B
D

outlet outlet

DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS – inches/pounds M AT E R I A L S

Model A B C D E Weight Body & Cover Cast Iron, ASTM A-126 Class B
FT-3, FT-4, FT-33 Nuts & Bolts High-Tensile Steel
FT-34, FT-73, FT-74 4.125 5.00 5.125 3.125 2.75 7.50
Gasket Grafoil/Garlock
FT-6, FT-35, FT-36 5.00 6.81 6.47 4.125 3.43 13.0
FT-75, FT-76 Float Stainless Steel
FT-7, FT-37L, FT-77L 6.375 7.68 8.218 5.25 4.41 21.0
Valve & Seat Stainless Steel
Thermostatic Assembly Stainless Steel Bellows & Valve
FT-8, FT-38, FT-78 6.50 11.0 8.968 7.468 4.531 40.0
FT-S8-15, FT-S8-75

How to Size / Order

The maximum operating pressure (PMO) rating of model selected must meet or exceed the maximum steam pressure or the trap may not open. For
example; the FT-35-030 has a PMO of 30 psi. For drip applications, a 3/4” FT size is sufficient to exceed warm-up loads with a 2X safety factor.
The condensate loads (lbs/hr) for process applications are normally calculated at the maximum steam pressure; then a safety margin is applied in
order to select a trap with sufficient capacity at lower pressures. Reference full explanation of Safety Load Factors in Steam Traps Introduction section.
For Example: Process application has a maximum steam inlet pressure of 50 psi, a maximum condensate load of 1,700 lbs/hr and is
discharging to a condensate return line with a possible back pressure of 10 psig. ΔP = 50-10 = 40 PSI
To select trap: If the Safety Load Factor is chosen to be 2X max capacity at max differential pressure, then Trap should be selected based on
3,400 lbs/hr (1,700 x 2 = 3,400) at 40 PSI differential pressure with a PMO in excess of 50 PSIG
Selection: FT77L-075-16-N, PMO=75 PSIG, 11/2” NPT with a condensate capacity of 3,750 lbs/hr at 40 PSI differential pressure.

C A PA C I T I E S – Condensate (lbs/hr)
PMO Pipe Orifice ΔP = Differential Pressure (PSI)
Model Code (PSIG) Size Size 1/4 1/2 1 2 3 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 75
FT3-015-13-N 15 3/4” 9/32” 340 440 600 830 990 1280 1790 2150
FT4-015-14-N 15 1” 9/32” 340 440 600 830 990 1280 1790 2150
FT6-015-15-N 15 11/4” 25/64” 850 1100 1460 2000 2350 2950 4000 4800
FT7-015-16-N 15 11/2” 1/2” 1300 1700 2050 2550 2900 3500 4400 5300
FT8-015-17-N 15 2” 21/32” 2500 3150 4000 5700 6100 6800 8300 9800
FTS8-015-17-N 15 2” 15/16” 4400 5850 7400 9200 10300 12600 15300 18100
FT33-030-13-N 30 3/4” 11/64” 220 300 405 530 650 890 1210 1485 1705 1865 2010
FT34-030-14-N 30 1” 11/64” 220 300 405 530 650 890 1210 1485 1705 1865 2010
FT35-030-14-N 30 1” 1/4” 450 600 880 1205 1420 1845 2560 3230 3715 4100 4405
FT36-030-15-N 30 11/4” 1/4” 450 600 880 1205 1420 1845 2560 3230 3715 4100 4405
FT37L-030-16-N 30 11/2” 7/16” 600 800 1200 1680 2210 2600 3500 4500 5200 5700 6100
FT38-030-17-N 30 2” 13/32” 1550 2045 2625 3560 4260 5660 7890 9440 10500 11360 12095
FT73-075-13-N 75 3/4” 9/64” 140 195 265 360 430 580 770 990 1110 1210 1290 1430 1560 1680 1830
FT74-075-14-N 75 1” 9/64” 140 195 265 360 430 580 710 990 1110 1210 1290 1430 1560 1680 1830
FT75-075-14-N 75 1” #16 270 360 485 660 780 1020 1430 1740 1980 2200 2420 2670 2910 3135 3370
FT76-075-15-N 75 11/4” #16 270 360 485 660 780 1020 1430 1740 1980 2200 2420 2670 2910 3135 3370
FT77L-075-16-N 75 11/2” 5/16” 340 460 690 900 1200 1400 1900 2350 2700 3000 3250 3750 4150 4500 4700
FT78-075-17-N 75 2” 5/16” 800 1075 1300 1700 2000 2600 3750 4350 4700 5050 5400 5960 6500 6950 7550
FTS8-075-17-N 75 2” 13/32” 1360 1800 2100 2800 3300 4300 6300 7300 8000 8500 9000 10000 11000 11600 12500

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STEAM TRAPS

Inverted Bucket Steam Traps

Introduction
Steam Traps
Inverted Bucket
Model Body Material PMO (PSIG) Sizes Connections Page No.

SIB/SIBH Stainless Steel 450 1/2”, 3/4” NPT, SW 86

IB Series Cast Iron 250 1/2” – 11/2” NPT 88
103X/104X

PMO = Maximum Operating Pressure

Inverted Bucket Traps

The Inverted Bucket Trap, with its rugged design, offers features that are advantageous in certain conditions. The discharge
orifice of the IB is mounted at the top of the trap, making them less susceptible to failure from dirt and pipe scale when
compared to other trap types. Although they are typically not the primary choice for process applications due to their lack
of air venting capability, they are often used in drip applications. They can be used on less critical process applications
which do not require venting of air during system start-up or when a secondary air vent is added to the system.

SIB Series Stainless Steel Body IB Series Cast Iron Body (No Strainer)

SIB/SIBH

1031 1032 1033 1034

IB Series Cast Iron Body (with Strainer)

1041 1042 1044 & 1038S

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 STEAM TRAPS
Inverted Bucket Steam Traps
Introduction

INVERTED BUCKET TRAPS.

Operation:
Due to its weight, the inverted bucket within the trap will rest on the bottom of the trap body keeping the valve open and allowing
condensate to be discharged (Figure A). In the top of the bucket there is a small bleed hole which allows air to escape from inside the
bucket and exit through the outlet port (Figure B). When steam arrives through the inlet of the trap, it fills the inverted bucket which
makes it buoyant and rise to the top of the trap, closing the valve (Figure C). As steam condenses and/or is bled through the small bleed
hole in the top of the bucket, the bucket loses buoyancy which causes it to sink to the bottom of the trap. The valve then opens allowing
condensate to be discharged from the system (Figure A). The bucket trap must maintain a certain amount of water (prime) in order to
operate. If the trap loses its prime, the bucket will not be able to float when steam enters; keeping the valve in the open position which
allows steam to escape (Figure D). Due to the balance of forces required between the incoming pressure and internal trap components,
several orifice sizes are required to accommodate various differential pressure ranges. For this reason care must be used to select a trap
model with an equal or higher PMO rating than the steam pressure.

A) Discharging Condensate B) Discharging Air A) With condensate completely

filling the trap, the bucket is
in the down position with
Bleed Hole
the valve open, allowing
Valve Valve condensate to be discharged.
(Open) (Open)

B) Small amounts of air will

pass thru the bleed hole
on top of the bucket and be
discharged. (Note: Large
amounts of air will lift the
bucket and close off the trap,
temporarily air locking
Inverted the system.)
Bucket
C) When steam enters the
trap, the inverted bucket
fills with steam and floats to
the surface, closing off the
valve, preventing steam
from escaping.
C) Closed (Trapping Steam) D) Potential Failure Mode
Loss of Prime D) Potential Failure Mode:
Bucket traps must maintain
Bleed Hole Valve a water prime to function
Valve (Open)
(Closed) properly. If the prime is lost,
the bucket will remain in the
down position with the valve
open, and live steam will be
discharged from the system.

Air

Steam

Condensate

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STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps SIB/SIBH
Inverted Bucket Steam Trap Inverted Bucket

4.55”
Model SIB, SIBH
Size 1/2”, 3/4” 1.25”
Connections NPT, SW
Body Material Stainless Steel
PMO Max. Operating Pressure 450 PSIG*
TMO Max. Operating Temperature 750ºF
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 720 PSIG @ 100ºF SIB - 6.56”
SIBH - 7.81”
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 750ºF @ 400 PSIG

Typical Applications
SIB
DRIP, TRACING: The SIB & SIBH Inverted Bucket Steam Inverted Bucket
traps are suitable for removing condensate from steam mains Steam Trap
and steam supply lines. They are also used on unit heaters, 3.0”
laundry equipment, and other smaller, low capacity and less
critical process applications where slow start-up can be tolerated. Units: inches FLOW
The discharge orifice of the inverted bucket trap is mounted at
the top of the trap body, which makes them less susceptible to
failure from dirt and debris when compared to other trap types.
The SIBH is physically larger and has a higher pressure capability
for a particular orifice size than the SIB. Sample Specification
How It Works Steam trap shall be an all stainless steel module design inverted
When the trap is filled with condensate, the inverted bucket bucket type with a frictionless valve lever assembly.
inside the steam trap loses its buoyancy and rests on the bottom Option
of the trap. This pulls the disc off the seat allowing condensate
to be discharged through the seat orifice located at the top of Internal Check Valve
the trap. When steam enters, it fills the inverted bucket causing
the bucket to float to the surface which closes the discharge Installation and Maintenance
valve, containing the steam in the system. Eventually, the steam Trap must be installed in upright position to function properly. The
is bled off through a small hole in the top of the bucket causing stainless steel body is seal welded and therefore non-repairable. If a
it to sink, which repeats the cycle. new trap is required, remove and replace. Bucket traps require an
internal water seal to operate. Applications with superheated steam can
Features cause the water seal to flash into steam and trap to fail in open position.
• All stainless steel body A check valve installed at trap inlet will help prevent the loss of prime.
• Acceptable for superheated steam
(with check valve installed at inlet) M AT E R I A L S
• Waterhammer resistant Body Stainless Steel GR CF3
• Valve & seat are located at the top of the trap body making Cover 304L Stainless Steel
them less prone to clogging from debris and pipe scale Internals 300 Series Stainless Steel
• All stainless steel internals with hardened valve & seat Valve Plug & Seat 420F Stainless Steel

C A PA C I T I E S – Condensate (lbs/hr)
Orifice PMO Differential Pressure (PSI)
Model Size (PSIG) 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 100 125 150 180 200 250 350 450
SIB-20 3/16” 20 450 560 640 690
SIB-80 1/8” 80 300 350 400 440 460 500 550 580 635 660 690
SIB-150 #38 150 210 250 280 300 320 350 380 400 420 450 470 500 550 570
SIB-450 .057 450 31 50 70 84 95 105 120 133 145 152 160 174 187 198 208 215 228 248 263
SIBH-15 1/4” 15 830 950 1060
SIBH-30 3/16” 30 530 700 820 880 950 1000
SIBH-70 5/32” 70 380 500 560 620 680 710 770 840 90 950
SIBH-125 1/8” 125 285 375 440 485 530 560 620 670 720 780 800 860 950
SIBH-200 7/64” 200 205 265 315 350 385 410 465 500 580 590 620 650 700 810 840 860
SIBH-250 #38 250 155 205 240 270 295 320 360 400 500 530 550 580 630 660 690 710 760
SIBH-450 .057 450 31 50 70 84 95 105 120 133 145 152 160 174 187 198 208 215 228 248 263

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Steam Traps

STEAM TRAPS
SIB/SIBH
Inverted Bucket Steam Trap Inverted Bucket

Helpful Selection Information

The PMO (maximum operating pressure) rating of model selected must meet or exceed the maximum steam pressure or the
trap may not open. For example; the SIB-12-N-150 has a PMO of 150 PSI. Condensate capacity (lbs/hr) of the trap is based
on the differential pressure across the trap.

Size/ Model PMO Weight Cross Reference

Connection Code PSI lbs Spirax Sarco Armstrong
1/2” NPT SIB-12-N-20
3/4” NPT SIB-13-N-20
20 5.0 SIB30 1810
1/2” SW SIB-12-SW-20
3/4” SW SIB-13-SW-20
1/2” NPT SIB-12-N-80
3/4” NPT SIB-13-N-80
80 5.0 SIB30 1810
1/2” SW SIB-12-SW-80
3/4” SW SIB-13-SW-80
1/2” NPT SIB-12-N-150
SIB 3/4” NPT SIB-13-N-150
150 5.0 SIB30 1810
Inverted Bucket 1/2” SW SIB-12-SW-150
Steam Trap
3/4” SW SIB-13-SW-150
1/2” NPT SIB-12-N-450
3/4” NPT SIB-13-N-450
450 5.0 SIB30 1810
1/2” SW SIB-12-SW-450
3/4”SW SIB-13-SW-450

1/2” NPT SIBH-12-N-15

3/4” NPT SIBH-13-N-15
15 5.5 SIB30H 1811
1/2” SW SIBH-12-SW-15
3/4” SW SIBH-13-SW-15
1/2” NPT SIBH-12-N-30
3/4” NPT SIBH-13-N-30
30 5.5 SIB30H 1811
1/2” SW SIBH-12-SW-30
3/4” SW SIBH-13-SW-30
1/2” NPT SIBH-12-N-70
3/4” NPT SIBH-13-N-70
70 5.5 SIB30H 1811
1/2” SW SIBH-12-SW-70
3/4” SW SIBH-13-SW-70
1/2” NPT SIBH-12-N-125
3/4” NPT SIBH-13-N-125
125 5.5 SIB30H 1811
1/2” SW SIBH-12-SW-125
3/4” SW SIBH-13-SW-125
SIBH 1/2” NPT SIBH-12-N-200
Inverted Bucket 3/4” NPT SIBH-13-N-200
Steam Trap 200 5.5 SIB30H 1811
1/2” SW SIBH-12-SW-200
3/4” SW SIBH-13-SW-200
1/2” NPT SIBH-12-N-250
3/4” NPT SIBH-13-N-250
250 5.5 SIB30H 1811
1/2” SW SIBH-12-SW-250
3/4” SW SIBH-13-SW-250
1/2” NPT SIBH-12-N-450
3/4” NPT SIBH-13-N-450
450 5.5 SIB30H 1811
1/2” SW SIBH-12-SW-450
3/4” SW SIBH-13-SW-450

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STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps IB Series
Inverted Bucket Steam Trap Inverted Bucket
Inverted Bucket

Model 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034,

1041, 1042, 1044, 1038S
Sizes 1/2”, 3/4”, 1”, 11/4”, 11/2”
Connections NPT
Body Material Cast Iron
Options Internal check valve, Thermic vent
PMO Max. Operating Pressure 250 PSIG
TMO Max. Operating Temperature 450ºF
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 250 PSIG up to 450ºF 1031/1032 1041/1042
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 450ºF @ 250 PSIG 1033/1034 1044/1038S
(No Strainer) (with Strainer)

Typical Applications Installation and Maintenance

DRIP, TRACING PROCESS: IB Series inverted bucket steam Trap must be installed in upright position to function properly.
traps are used in drip applications to remove condensate from All working components can be replaced with the trap body
steam mains and steam supply lines. For drip applications, the remaining in-line. With superheated steam, a check valve
smaller sized units have adequate capacity. The discharge orifice should be installed at inlet or trap may lose prime. A replace-
of the inverted bucket trap is mounted at the top of the trap body, ment kit containing the lever and seat assembly is a more
which makes them less susceptible to failure from dirt and debris economical option than replacing the entire steam trap. Also
when compared to other trap types. Since Inverted Bucket traps have available are replacement screens, gaskets and buckets. When
poor air-handling capability, they are normally not recommended ordering replacement lever and seat assemblies, specify model
for most process applications. However, they can be used on certain and operating pressure. See Replacement Parts and Kits Section
process applications such as unit heaters and laundry equipment, for exact cross-reference to Armstrong PCA (Pressure Change
where discharging air during system start-up is not a critical factor. Assembly) kits.
F&T traps are the preferred choice for systems where air must be
quickly discharged. Helpful Selection Information

How It Works Select a model with a higher maximum operating pressure

(PMO) that meet or exceed the maximum steam pressure or
When the trap is filled with condensate, the inverted bucket inside the trap may not open. For example, the IB-1032-14-N-250
the steam trap loses its buoyancy and rests on the bottom of the trap. has a PMO of 250 PSI. Choose a model that will handle the
This pulls the disc off the seat allowing condensate to be discharged capacity requirement based on the differential pressure across
through the seat orifice located at the top of the trap. When steam the trap. Reference capacity charts.
enters, it fills the inverted bucket causing the bucket to float to the
surface which closes the discharge valve, containing the steam in Options
the system. Eventually, the steam is bled off through a small hole
in the top of the bucket causing it to sink, which repeats the cycle. Strainer and Blowdown valve connection available on 1041,
1042, 1044 & 1038S. Thermic vent to improve air handling
Features capability. Internal check valve for superheated or condensate
backflow applications.
• Waterhammer resistant
• Suitable for superheated steam
(use internal check valve option to eliminate loss of prime)
• In-line repairability is simplified by having all internals
attached to the cover
• Valve & seat are located at the top of the trap body making
them less prone to clogging from debris and pipe scale
• All stainless steel internals with hardened valve & seat
Sample Specification
The steam trap shall be of an inverted bucket trap design.

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Steam Traps

STEAM TRAPS
IB Series
Inverted Bucket Steam Trap Inverted Bucket

C C
A A

B FLOW
FLOW
B

D D

1031/1031S/1032/1033/1034 1041/1042/1044/1038S
without Strainer (except 1031S) with Strainer

DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS – inches M AT E R I A L S

Weight Body & Cover Cast Iron, ASTM A-278 Class 30
Model A B C D (lbs)
Nuts & Bolts High-Tensile Steel
1031 3.75 5.875 5.00 2.75 5
Gasket Garlock
1031S* 3.75 5.875 5.00 2.75 5
Bucket Stainless Steel
1032 3.75 6.875 5.00 4.25 6 Lever & Seat Assembly Stainless Steel
1033 5.625 9.06 6.50 5.375 15 Valve & Seat Hardened Stainless Steel
1034 7.00 11.75 7.75 7.03 27 Integral Strainer* Stainless Steel
1041* 3.75 6.06 5.00 3.43 5 * 1031S, 1038S, 1041, 1042, 1044 models only.
1042* 3.75 7.06 5.00 4.43 6
1044* 7.00 12.375 7.125 7.375 30
1038S* 7.00 12.375 7.125 7.375 30
* With Integral Strainer

How to Size / Order

How to Order Options: (reference model code chart) From the capacity chart, select the model that can handle the working
Check Valve (suffix CV) pressure of the system (PMO). Select the appropriate trap that will meet
the capacity requirements at the differential pressure. Example:
Built-in Inlet Check Valve is recommended when used on Superheated Steam
Example: IB1032-12-N-125-CV Application: 1000 lbs/hr at 75 PSIG working pressure and
2 PSI differential pressure
Thermic Vent (suffix TV)
A Thermic Vent is recommended when using a Bucket Trap on any type of process Note: Specify Model, PMO and Connection Size
application or where the removal of air from the system is critical. Size/Model: IB-1034, 80 PSIG, Specify pipe size (3/4”, 1”), or
Example: IB1032-12-N-125-TV IB-1044, 80 PSIG, Specify pipe size (3/4”, 1”)

Thermic Vent & Check Valve (suffix TCV)

For both Check Valve & Thermic Vent Options use Suffix Code Cross Reference Chart
Example: IB1032-12-N-125-TCV NO STRAINER STRAINER
Watson Armstrong Watson Armstrong
Blowdown Valve (add B to Model Code) McDaniel McDaniel
Blowdown connection is available on Models IB1038S, 1041, 1042 and 1044
1031 800 1041 880
Example: IB1041B-13-N-150 1032 811 1042 881
(Model IB1041, 3/4” NPT, 150 PSI max operating pressure with 1033 812 1044 883
Blowdown & Strainer) 1034 813

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STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps IB Series
Inverted Bucket Steam Trap Inverted Bucket

NO STRAINER WITH STRAINER

Conn. Model PMO Weight Cross Ref. Conn. Model PMO Weight Cross Ref.
NPT Code PSI lbs Armstrong NPT Code PSI lbs Armstrong
1/2” IB1031-12-N-20 1/2” IB1041-12-N-20
20 7 800 20 7 880
3/4” IB1031-13-N-20 3/4” IB1041-13-N-20
1/2” IB1031-12-N-80 1/2” IB1041-12-N-80
80 7 800 80 7 880
3/4” IB1031-13-N-80 3/4” IB1041-13-N-80
1/2” IB1031-12-N-125 1/2” IB1041-12-N-125
125 7 800 125 7 880
3/4” IB1031-13-N-125 3/4” IB1041-13-N-125
1/2” IB1031-12-N-150 1/2” IB1041-12-N-150
1031 150 7 800 150 7 880 1041
3/4” IB1031-13-N-150 3/4” IB1041-13-N-150
1/2” IB1032-12-N-15 1/2” IB1042-12-N-15
15 8 881
3/4” IB1032-13-N-15 15 8 811 3/4” IB1042-13-N-15
1” IB1032-14-N-15 1/2” IB1042-12-N-30
30 8 881
1/2” IB1032-12-N-30 3/4” IB1042-13-N-30
3/4” IB1032-13-N-30 30 8 811 1/2” IB1042-12-N-70
70 8 881
1” IB1032-14-N-30 3/4” IB1042-13-N-70
1/2” IB1032-12-N-70 1/2” IB1042-12-N-125
125 8 881
3/4” IB1032-13-N-70 70 8 811 3/4” IB1042-13-N-125
1” IB1032-14-N-70 1/2” IB1042-12-N-200
200 8 881
1/2” IB1032-12-N-125 3/4” IB1042-13-N-200 1042
3/4” IB1032-13-N-125 125 8 811 1/2” IB1042-12-N-250
250 8 881
1” IB1032-14-N-125 3/4” IB1042-13-N-250
1032 1/2” IB1032-12-N-200 3/4” IB1044-13-N-15
15 37 883
3/4” IB1032-13-N-200 200 8 811 1” IB1044-14-N-15
1” IB1032-14-N-200 3/4” IB1044-13-N-30
30 37 883
1/2” IB1032-12-N-250 1” IB1044-14-N-30
3/4” IB1032-13-N-250 250 8 811 3/4” IB1044-13-N-60
60 37 883
1” IB1032-14-N-250 1” IB1044-14-N-60
1/2” IB1033-12-N-15 3/4” IB1044-13-N-80
15 17 812 80 37 883
3/4” IB1033-13-N-15 1” IB1044-14-N-80
1/2” IB1033-12-N-30 3/4” IB1044-13-N-125
30 17 812 125 37 883
3/4” IB1033-13-N-30 1” IB1044-14-N-125
1/2” IB1033-12-N-70 3/4” IB1044-13-N-180
70 17 812 180 37 883
3/4” IB1033-13-N-70 1” IB1044-14-N-180
1/2” IB1033-12-N-125 3/4” IB1044-13-N-250
125 17 812 250 37 883
3/4” IB1033-13-N-125 1” IB1044-14-N-250
1/2” IB1033-12-N-200 11/4” IB1038S-15-N-15
200 17 812 15 37 883
1033 3/4” IB1033-13-N-200 11/2” IB1038S-16-N-15
1/2” IB1033-12-N-250 11/4” IB1038S-15-N-30
250 17 812 30 37 883
3/4” IB1033-13-N-250 11/2” IB1038S-16-N-30
3/4” IB1034-13-N-15 11/4” IB1038S-15-N-60 1044
15 30 813 60 37 883
1” IB1034-14-N-15 11/2” IB1038S-16-N-60 &
3/4” IB1034-13-N-30 11/4” IB1038S-15-N-80 1038S
30 30 813 80 37 883
1” IB1034-14-N-30 11/2” IB1038S-16-N-80
3/4” IB1034-13-N-60 11/4” IB1038S-15-N-125
60 30 813 125 37 883
1” IB1034-14-N-60 11/2” IB1038S-16-N-125
3/4” IB1034-13-N-80 11/4” IB1038S-15-N-180
80 30 813 180 37 883
1” IB1034-14-N-80 11/2” IB1038S-16-N-180
3/4” IB1034-13-N-125 11/4” IB1038S-15-N-250
125 30 813 250 37 883
1” IB1034-14-N-125 11/2” IB1038S-16-N-250
3/4” IB1034-13-N-180
180 30 813
1” IB1034-14-N-180
1034 3/4” IB1034-13-N-250
250 30 813
1” IB1034-14-N-250

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 STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps IB Series
Inverted Bucket Steam Trap Inverted Bucket

Helpful Selection Information

Select a model with a higher maximum operating pressure (PMO) that meet or exceed the maximum steam pressure or the trap may
not open. For example, the IB-1032-14-N-250 has a PMO of 250 PSI. Choose a model that will handle the capacity requirement
based on the differential pressure across the trap. Reference capacity charts.

C A PA C I T I E S – Condensate (lbs/hr)
Pipe Orifice PMO Differential Pressure (PSI)
Model Size Size (PSIG) 1/4 1/2 1 2 5 10 15 20 30 50 60 70 80 100 125 150 180 200 250
1/2”, 3/4” 3/16” 20 139 200 270 340 450 560 640 690
1031 1/2”, 3/4” 1/8” 80 75 115 150 190 300 350 400 440 500 580 635 660 690
1041
1/2”, 3/4” 7/64” 125 50 80 100 145 240 280 320 350 410 490 520 560 580 640 680
1031S *
1/2”, 3/4” #38 150 35 50 75 105 150 250 280 300 350 400 420 450 470 500 550 570
1/2”, 3/4”,1” 1/4” 15 191 300 450 590 830 950 1060
1/2”, 3/4”,1” 3/16” 30 150 235 325 410 530 700 820 880 1000
1/2”, 3/4”,1” 5/32” 70 85 145 220 275 380 500 560 620 710 840 900 950
1032
1/2”, 3/4”,1” 1/8” 125 70 110 160 210 285 375 440 485 560 670 720 780 800 860 950
1/2”, 3/4”,1” 7/64” 200 45 75 110 145 205 265 315 350 410 500 550 580 620 650 700 810 840 860
1/2”, 3/4”,1” #38 250 15 40 80 105 155 205 240 270 320 400 500 530 550 580 630 660 690 710 760
1/2”, 3/4” 1/4” 15 191 300 450 590 830 950 1060
1/2”, 3/4” 3/16” 30 150 235 325 410 530 700 820 880 1000
1/2”, 3/4” 5/32” 70 85 145 220 275 380 500 560 620 710 840 900 950
1042
1/2”, 3/4” 1/8” 125 70 110 160 210 285 375 440 485 560 670 720 780 800 860 950
1/2”, 3/4” 7/64” 200 45 75 110 145 205 265 315 350 410 500 550 580 620 650 700 810 840 860
1/2”, 3/4” #38 250 15 40 80 105 155 205 240 270 320 400 500 530 550 580 630 660 690 710 760
1/2”, 3/4” 5/16” 15 350 570 850 1140 1600 1900 2100
1/2”, 3/4” 1/4” 30 270 400 640 810 1000 1300 1600 1800 2050
1/2”, 3/4” 3/16” 70 195 300 480 610 750 950 1200 1375 1600 1900 2000 2200
1033
1/2”, 3/4” 5/32” 125 130 205 320 415 595 775 910 900 1100 1380 1480 1600 1650 1800 2000
1/2”, 3/4” 1/8” 200 75 120 200 255 365 490 585 630 700 900 980 1080 1120 1220 1400 1500 1560 1600
1/2”, 3/4” 7/64” 250 30 80 130 170 250 335 400 470 525 665 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1180 1220 1300
3/4”, 1” 1/2” 15 950 1410 1880 2300 2900 3500 3900
3/4”, 1” 3/8” 30 600 960 1300 1640 2200 2800 3300 3500 4000
1034 3/4”, 1” 5/16” 60 490 800 1090 1400 1750 2200 2600 2900 3500 4100 4400
1044 3/4”, 1” 9/32” 80 330 580 720 1070 1450 1800 2100 2400 2800 3300 3600 3800 4000
3/4”, 1” 1/4” 125 260 430 620 810 1150 1650 1800 1900 2200 2600 2800 3000 3200 3600 3900
3/4”, 1” 7/32” 180 200 310 470 610 880 1170 1380 1510 1800 2100 2300 2500 2700 2900 3200 3500 3700
3/4”, 1” 3/16” 250 170 250 380 490 700 940 1100 1250 1450 1700 1800 2000 2100 2300 2700 2800 3100 3200 3500
11/4”, 11/2” 1/2” 15 1188 1763 2350 2875 3625 4375 4875
11/4”, 11/2” 3/8” 30 760 1190 1625 2050 2750 3500 4125 4375 5125
11/4”, 11/2” 5/16” 60 615 1000 1375 1750 2188 2750 3250 3625 4375 5125 5500
1038S 11/4”, 11/2” 9/32” 80 420 720 900 1340 1810 2250 2625 3000 3500 4125 4500 4750 5000
11/4”, 11/2” 1/4” 125 330 540 775 1010 1440 2063 2250 2375 2750 3250 3500 3750 4000 4500 4875
11/4”, 11/2” 7/32” 180 250 390 590 760 1100 1470 1725 1890 2063 2375 2875 3125 3375 3625 4000 4375 4625
11/4”, 11/2” 3/16” 250 210 320 470 610 875 1170 1380 1560 1800 2125 2250 2500 2625 2875 3375 3500 3875 4000 4375
* 1031S only available @ PMO = 125 PSIG.

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STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps IB Series
Inverted Bucket Steam Trap Inverted Bucket

Replacement Kits
A replacement kit containing the lever and seat assembly is a more economical
option than replacing the entire steam trap. Also available are replacement
screens, gaskets and buckets.
When ordering replacement lever and seat assemblies specify model and
operating pressure. See Replacement Parts and Kits Section for exact
cross-reference to Armstrong PCA (Pressure Change Assembly) Kits.

Why use a Check Valve Option ?

The optional internal check valve allows the bucket trap to retain its
prime even when exposed to superheated steam. The IB Trap must retain
hot condensate inside the trap body to operate. Superheated steam or a
sudden drop in inlet pressure can flash off the hot condensate inside the
trap body causing the trap to lose its prime. If the steam pressure falls
below the discharge pressure on the outlet side of the steam trap, the Optional
internal check valve will stop the back flow of condensate into the steam Internal
Check Valve
system. When discharging to a condensate return line, a check valve
is always recommended.

Steam Trap Installed Above Condensate Collection Point

In this example, condensate must travel
upwards to reach the trap. Under this Condensate
condition, it is possible for condensate
to flow from the condensate return line
into the steam coils, thereby flooding
the system. The internal check valve, Steam
Optional
inside the IB trap, prevents the back Internal
flow of condensate. Check Valve

Water Seal

Steam Trap Discharging into Elevated Condensate Return Line

When a steam trap discharges condensate to an
elevated location,a check valve should be used Condensate
to stop condensate from flowing backwards into External Return Line
the steam system. Check Valve

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Steam Traps

STEAM TRAPS
IB Series
Inverted Bucket Steam Trap Inverted Bucket

Why use a Thermic Vent ?

The Thermic Vent is used for
discharging air from the steam
Thermic Vent Thermic Vent
system during start-up. CLOSED
OPEN
(when air is (when steam or
present) condensate is
present)

Air

Steam

Condensate

Blowdown Valve Connection 1031S

A Blowdown Valve connection is available as an option on The 1031S is equipped with a small protection screen
the 1041, 1042, 1044, and 1038S models. This simplifies to guard against dirt in the steam system. It is a more
maintenance by allowing the strainer to be cleaned without economical alternative than the 1041 which has a
removal. User to supply blowdown valve. full-port strainer. Specifically designed for use in
laundries. Available in 125 PSIG model only.

Optional
Blowdown
Connection

Strainer Screen

Strainer Screen

Blowdown
Valve for
cleaning
strainer

Tel: 610-495-5131 • Pottstown PA • USA •• www.watsonmcdaniel.com 93

STEAM TRAPS
UC450 Series
Quick-Change Universal Style Trap-Connector System
The UC450 Series QUICK-CHANGE Universal Trap-Connector System with multiple choices for trap modules and multiple
choices for connectors are used in steam systems where a simplified and economical maintenance program of steam traps is
desired. These Universal Style quick replacement steam traps can be used on steam supply lines as well as for tracing and small
process applications. They are commonly used in chemical plants, petrochemical refineries, paper mills and other industrial facilities.

The All Stainless Steel Universal Style Steam Traps feature a permanent installation of the Universal Connector with a 2-bolt
mounting arrangement for the Universal Steam Trap Module, allowing the Steam Trap to be removed and replaced in minutes:
• Steam trap is replaced without having to unthread piping
• By removing only 2 bolts with a socket or open-end wrench
• Trap module can swivel 360º on the universal connector allowing proper orientation

Universal Connector
remains permanently installed
in piping system

Replaceable Inlet
Steam
Steam Trap Pipe
Module

Cond
en sate R
eturn
Pipe

Simple 2-bolt
removal for quick
replacement of
steam trap modules

“QUICK-CHANGE” Universal Trap Modules

STEP 1:
Select an
appropriate
Universal
STEAM TRAP
MODULE

UTD450 UTD450SM UT450 UB450 USIB450 UFT450

Thermodynamic Thermodynamic Thermostatic Thermostatic Inverted Float &
“Top Mount” “Side Mount” Bellows Adjustable Bi-Metal Bucket Thermostatic

“QUICK-CHANGE” Universal Connectors

STEP 2:
Select appropriate Universal CONNECTOR.
Any Universal Connector (shown right) will
work with any Universal Steam Trap Module.
(Including those of other manufacturers. See
product catalog for full offering of Connectors.)
Trap orientation must be considered. UC450 UC450S UC450SR

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 UC450 Series

STEAM TRAPS
Quick-Change Universal Style Trap-Connector System

Why Use the UC450 Series “QUICK-CHANGE” Universal Style Trap-Connector System ?
Quick-Change Steam Traps Universal Connectors
are recommended in any application – These Connectors remain permanently installed in the piping system.
particularly those which require simple The convenient 2-bolt mounting system allows the Trap Module to be
and frequent replacement replaced quickly and easily using a socket or open-end wrench without
of steam traps having to unthread piping.

Quick-Change Steam Trap Modules with Universal Connectors

4 basic configurations of
Inverted Bucket Trap connectors are available:
UC450, UC450S & UC450R/
USIB450 Steam Trap UC450L.
(shown with)
Choice is based on strainer
UC450S Connector orientation or if a piping
interference exists.

The UC450SR is the

Thermodynamic “side-mount” Trap standard connector choice.
The R & L versions are a mirror
UTD450SM Steam Trap image of each other and are
(shown with) strictly a user’s preference based
UC450SBL Connector on piping orientation.

Thermodynamic “top-mount” Trap

UTD450 Steam Trap UC450
(shown with)
UC450SB Connector

Float & Thermostatic Trap

UFT450 Steam Trap
(shown with) UC450S
UC450SBR Connector

Thermostatic Trap
UT450 Steam Trap
(shown with)
UC450SR
UC450SB Connector

Tel: 610-495-5131 • Pottstown PA • USA •• www.watsonmcdaniel.com 95

STEAM TRAPS
Universal Style
UC450 Series Quick-Change Connectors
(For use with Universal Quick-Change Trap Modules)

Model UC450, UC450S, UC450SB UC450

no strainer
UC450SR, UC450SBR, UC450SL, UC450SBL
Sizes 1/2”, 3/4”, 1”
Connections NPT, SW, FLG UC450S
Body Material Stainless Steel with strainer
PMO Max. Operating Pressure (trap module dependent)
TMO Max. Operating Temperature (trap module dependent)
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 750 PSIG @ 100ºF UC450SB
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 800ºF @ 400 PSIG with strainer &
blowdown valve

Steam Trap Modules that mount to Universal Connectors are shown on the following pages.
Trap modules available in: Inverted Bucket, Float & Thermostatic, Thermodynamic,
Thermostatic and Bi-metallic type.

Typical Applications
DRIP, TRACER: UC450 Series Universal Trap Connectors
reduce the time and manpower to replace steam traps. The
stainless steel Connector remains permanently in-line allowing
steam trap module to be replaced in minutes. These universal
connectors can be used for drip service on steam mains and
steam supply lines, tracing, or for small process equipment. UC450SR UC450SL
Industrial standard 2-bolt universal connectors are commonly with strainer with strainer
used in chemical plants, petrochemical refineries, paper mills, (Flow direction (Flow direction
and other industrial facilities. The UC450 connectors conform to Right) to Left)
to industrial standards, making them compatible with other
manufacturers’ universal steam trap modules.
Used with the following Watson McDaniel Steam Trap Modules:
USIB450 - Inverted Bucket
UTD450 - Thermodynamic UC450SBR UC450SBL
with strainer & with strainer &
UTD450SM - Thermodynamic blowdown valve blowdown valve
UTD600LSM - Thermodynamic (Flow direction (Flow direction
UT450 - Thermostatic to Right) to Left)
UFT450 - Float & Thermostatic
UB450 - Bi-Metallic Note: Optional Flanged units available.

How It Works
Universal connectors remain permanently installed in the piping Installation and Maintenance
system. The convenient 2-bolt mounting system allows the trap The universal connector can be installed in vertical or horizontal
module to be removed and replaced quickly and easily using a piping and available in 1/2”, 3/4” and 1” threaded NPT and
socket or open-end wrench without disturbing the existing piping. socket weld (SW). In horizontal installations, orientation of
connecter body may be dependent on the specific type of trap
Features module used. These connectors remain permanently installed in
• Universal connector with 2-bolt mounting allows for fast, the piping system. The convenient 2-bolt mounting system allows
easy replacement of trap module making it more cost- the trap module to be easily replaced using a socket or open-end
effective than replacing conventional type steam traps wrench without having to unthread piping.
• All stainless steel construction
• Trap module can rotate 360º on the universal connector M AT E R I A L S
allowing any orientation during installation
Body Stainless Steel, AISI 316
• Compatible with other manufacturers’ trap modules Strainer 40 Mesh Stainless Steel, AISI 304
• Available with integral strainer and blowdown valve Blowdown Valve Stainless Steel, AISI 303

Sample Specification
The Universal Connector shall be all stainless steel construction How to Size / Order
with a two-bolt 360 degree swivel mount flange design and Connectors and Trap Modules are ordered separately. See following
available with integral strainer and blowdown valve. pages for the Trap Modules.

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 STEAM TRAPS
Universal Style
UC450 Series Quick-Change Connectors
(For use with Universal Quick-Change Trap Modules)

Helpful Selection Information Four basic configurations of connectors are available: UC450, UC450S, and UC450SR/UC450SL.
Choose the desired style connector: The UC450SR (with strainer, flow to right) is the most common connector choice. Choice is based upon
UC450, UC450S strainer orientation or if a piping interference exists. All connector styles operate with any trap module.
UC450SR (flow to right) The R and L versions are mirror images of each other and are selected based on which side the user
UC450SL (flow to left) prefers the trap mounted on.

UC450 Type Size Model Code Model Code Weight

Threaded - NPT Socket Weld lbs
UC450 Connector
No Strainer
1/2” UC450-12-N UC450-12-SW 1.5
3/4” UC450-13-N UC450-13-SW 1.5
1” UC450-14-N UC450-14-SW 3.0
UC450S Type Connector (with Strainer)
UC450S 1/2” UC450S-12-N UC450S-12-SW 2.5
Strainer
3/4” UC450S-13-N UC450S-13-SW 2.5
1” UC450S-14-N UC450S-14-SW 3.5

Connector (with Strainer & Blowdown Valve)

1/2” UC450SB-12-N UC450SB-12-SW 2.5
UC450SB
Strainer & 3/4” UC450SB-13-N UC450SB-13-SW 2.5
Blowdown Valve 1” UC450SB-14-N UC450SB-14-SW 4.5

UC450SR Type Flow to Right (as viewed) Size Model Code Model Code Weight
Threaded - NPT Socket Weld lbs
UC450SR
Strainer Connector (with Strainer) FLOW TO RIGHT
1/2” UC450SR-12-N UC450SR-12-SW 2.5
3/4” UC450SR-13-N UC450SR-13-SW 2.5
1” UC450SR-14-N UC450SR-14-SW 2.5
UC450SBR Connector (with Strainer & Blowdown Valve) FLOW TO RIGHT
Strainer &
Blowdown Valve 1/2” UC450SBR-12-N UC450SBR-12-SW 2.5
3/4” UC450SBR-13-N UC450SBR-13-SW 2.5
1” UC450SBR-14-N UC450SBR-14-SW 2.5

UC450SL Type Flow to Left (as viewed) Size Model Code Model Code Weight
Threaded - NPT Socket Weld lbs

UC450SL
Connector (with Strainer) FLOW TO LEFT
Strainer
1/2” UC450SL-12-N UC450SL-12-SW 2.5
3/4” UC450SL-13-N UC450SL-13-SW 2.5
1” UC450SL-14-N UC450SL-14-SW 2.5

UC450SBL
Connector (with Strainer & Blowdown Valve) FLOW TO LEFT
Strainer &
1/2” UC450SBL-12-N UC450SBL-12-SW 2.5
Blowdown Valve
3/4” UC450SBL-13-N UC450SBL-13-SW 2.5
1” UC450SBL-14-N UC450SBL-14-SW .5

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STEAM TRAPS
Universal Style
UC450 Series Quick-Change Connectors
Dimensions

UC450, UC450S, UC450SB Universal Connectors

Connectors available in 1/2”, 3/4” and 1” sizes in NPT or Socket-Weld Connections Note: Optional Flange units available.

2.92 (1/2”, 3/4”) 3.31 (1/2”, 3/4”) 3.31 (1/2”, 3/4”)

5.66 (1”) 6.06 (1”) .29 6.06 (1”) .81

.84 .84
.84

2.75 3.38
1.97
(1/2”, 3/4”)
3.35 (1”)

UC450 UC450S UC450SB

(No Strainer) (Strainer) (Strainer &
Blowdown)

UC450SR & UC450SBR Universal Connectors Flow Direction - To RIGHT

Connectors available in 1/2”, 3/4” and 1” sizes in NPT or Socket-Weld Connections Note: Optional Flange units available.

3.31 (1/2”, 3/4”) 3.31 (1/2”, 3/4”) NPT or

1.00
3.62 (1”) 3.62 (1”) SOCKET
WELD

3.4
3.9

UC450SR UC450SBR
(Strainer)
(Strainer & Blowdown)

UC450SL & UC450SBL Universal Connectors Flow Direction - To LEFT

Connectors available in 1/2”, 3/4” and 1” sizes in NPT or Socket-Weld Connections Note: Optional Flange units available.

NPT or
1.00 3.31 (1/2”, 3/4”) 3.31 (1/2”, 3/4”)
SOCKET
3.62 (1”) WELD 3.62 (1”)

3.4
3.9

UC450SBL UC450SL
(Strainer & Blowdown) (Strainer)

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 Universal Style

STEAM TRAPS
Trap Modules with UC450-Connectors Quick-Change System

UC450SBR
Connector

USIB450
Trap Module

UTD450
Trap Module

UC450SL
Connector

UC450SB UT450
Connector Trap Module

UC450SBL
Connector

UB450
Trap Module

Tel: 610-495-5131 • Pottstown PA • USA •• www.watsonmcdaniel.com 99

STEAM TRAPS
Universal Style
USIB450 Quick-Change Trap Module
Inverted Bucket Steam Trap Module (mounts to UC450 Universal Connectors)

Model USIB450, USIB450H

Connections Fits UC450 Series Universal Connectors
Body Material Stainless Steel
PMO Max. Operating Pressure 450 PSIG*
TMO Max. Operating Temperature 800ºF
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 720 PSIG @ 100ºF
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 800ºF @ 400 PSIG
*750ºF @ operating pressures below 400 PSIG. See installation note regarding using trap in
superheated applications.

Steam trap modules can be used with other manufacturers’

Universal Connectors. Installation and Maintenance
Universal connector is first permanently threaded or welded into
Typical Applications piping system. The USIB trap module is attached to the universal
DRIP, TRACER: The USIB450 inverted bucket steam trap connector with two bolts. When a new trap is needed, it can be
modules must be mounted to a universal connector. They are easily removed and replaced with a standard open-end or socket
typically used for drip applications such as draining condensate wrench without disturbing the existing piping. Trap must be installed
from steam mains or steam supply lines as well as for steam in upright position as shown to function properly. With superheated
tracing applications. USIB450H is the higher capacity model. steam, a check valve must be installed at inlet of trap to prevent the
loss of prime. In vertical piping installations with upward flow, use of
How It Works a blowdown valve is not recommended because discharge would be
in upward and possibly unsafe direction.
The UC450 universal connector is permanently installed into the
pipeline where the steam trap would normally be placed. The trap Features
module, which functions like any standard inverted bucket steam
trap, is fastened to the universal connector with two bolts. When • Trap module can be easily removed and replaced in
a new trap module is needed, it can be easily removed and minutes without having to disconnect any piping
replaced with a standard open-end or socket wrench without • Hardened stainless steel valves and seat
disturbing the existing piping.
• Freeze resistant
Sample Specification
• Connectors available with integral strainers and blowdown valves
The steam trap shall be an all stainless steel modular design,
inverted bucket type with a frictionless valve lever assembly. The • 360º swivel design for convenient installation
trap shall have a 360 degree swivel mount on a stainless steel
Universal Connector that is available with integral strainer and M AT E R I A L S
blowdown valve options.
Body Stainless Steel GR CF3
Options Cover 304L Stainless Steel
Universal Connectors are available with an integral strainer Internals 300 Series Stainless Steel
and blowdown valve. Connector is purchased separately. Valve Plug & Seat 420F Stainless Steel
See the UC450 Universal Connectors section for more information. Bolts ASTM A193 GR B7
Gasket Spiral-Wound 304 Stainless Steel with Grafoil Filler
Swivel Flange 303 Stainless Steel

C A PA C I T I E S – Condensate (lbs/hr)
Orifice PMO Differential Pressure (PSI)
Model Size (PSIG) 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 100 125 150 180 200 250 350 450
USIB450-20 3/16” 20 450 560 640 690
USIB450-80 1/8” 80 300 350 400 440 460 500 550 580 635 660 690
USIB450-150 #38 150 210 250 280 300 320 350 380 400 420 450 470 500 550 570
USIB450-450 .057 450 31 50 70 84 95 105 120 133 145 152 160 174 187 198 208 215 228 248 263
USIB450H-15 1/4” 15 830 950 1060
USIB450H-30 3/16” 30 530 700 820 880 950 1000
USIB450H-70 5/32” 70 380 500 560 620 680 710 770 840 900 950
USIB450H-125 1/8” 125 285 375 440 485 530 560 620 670 720 780 800 860 950
USIB450H-200 7/64” 200 205 265 315 350 385 410 465 500 580 590 620 650 700 810 840 860
USIB450H-250 #38 250 155 205 240 270 295 320 360 400 500 530 550 580 630 660 690 710 760
USIB450H-450 .057 450 31 50 70 84 95 105 120 133 145 152 160 174 187 198 208 215 228 248 263

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 Universal Style

STEAM TRAPS
USIB450 Quick-Change Trap Module
Inverted Bucket Steam Trap Module (mounts to UC450 Universal Connectors)

Steam
Flange Connection Trap

Stop Ring
Gasket
Universal
Connector

Mounting
Bolt

Gasket

Plug or Blowdown Valve

Horizontal Piping Vertical Piping Vertical or Horizontal Piping

(Connector with Strainer) (Connector with Strainer) (No Strainer)
Steam Flow to the Right (Standard) Steam Flow Downward Steam Flow Any Direction

Trap shown with UC450SR Connector

(Use L Style if a Piping Constraint exists) Trap shown with UC450SR Connector Trap shown with UC450 Connector

Connectors available in 1/2”, 3/4” and 1” sizes in NPT or Socket-Weld Connections

UC450 USIB450 UC450S USIB450 UC450SR USIB450

CONNECTOR Trap Module CONNECTOR Trap Module CONNECTOR Trap Module
Strainer Strainer

360˚ 360˚ 3.31 (1/2”, 3/4”)

Swivel Swivel 3.62 (1”)
2.92 (1/2”, 3/4”) 3.31 (1/2”, 3/4”)
5.66 (1”) 6.06 (1”)

3.4

A A
A

.75
3.34 2.75 3.34
3.00 3.00 3.50
3.00

USIB450 A-Dimension = 5.81” USIB450 A-Dimension = 6.12”

USIB450H A-Dimension = 6.81” USIB450H A-Dimension = 7.12”

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 Universal Style
STEAM TRAPS

UFT450 Quick-Change Trap Module

Float & Thermostatic Steam Trap Module (mounts to UC450 Universal Connectors)

Model UFT450
Connections Fits UC450 Series Universal Connectors
Body Material Stainless Steel
PMO Max. Operating Pressure 225 PSIG
TMO Max. Operating Temperature 397ºF
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 720 PSIG @ 100ºF
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 800ºF @ 400 PSIG
UFT450
Float & Thermostatic
Steam trap modules can be used with other manufacturers’ Steam Trap Module
Universal Connectors.

Typical Applications Features

PROCESS, DRIP: The UFT450 Float & Thermostatic steam trap • Trap module can be easily removed and replaced in
module can be used on small process equipment which generate minutes without having to disconnect any piping
light condensate loads. F&T traps have excellent air handling
capability. These F&T trap modules can also be used in drip service • Hardened stainless steel valves and seat
on steam mains and steam supply lines. Mounts to any universal
connector.
• Freeze-resistant
• Connectors available with integral strainers and blowdown valves
How It Works
• 360º swivel design for convenient installation
The UC450 universal connector is permanently installed into the
pipeline where the steam trap would normally be placed. The
trap module, which functions like any F&T steam trap, is fastened
Options
to the universal connector with two bolts. When a new trap Universal Connectors are available with an integral strainer
module is needed, it can be easily removed and replaced with and blowdown valve. Connector is purchased separately.
a standard open-end or socket wrench without disturbing the See the Universal Connectors section for more information.
existing piping.
Sample Specification
The steam trap shall be an all stainless steel modular design,
Helpful Selection Information
float & thermostatic unit. The thermostatic air vent to be pressure Select a model with a PMO (maximum operating pressure) that meets or
balanced welded bellows. The trap shall have a 360 degree swivel exceeds the steam pressure of the system. For example, the UFT450-65
mount on a stainless steel Universal Connector that is available with has a maximum operating pressure of 65 PSI. Any universal connector
integral strainer and blowdown valve options. can be used. Recommended connector: UC450SR
Installation and Maintenance
Universal connector is first permanently threaded or welded into M AT E R I A L S
piping system. The UFT450 mounts to any 2-Bolt Quick-Change Body Stainless Steel GR CF3
Universal Connector. Trap module must be installed in orientation
shown. The trap module is bolted to the universal connector with Cover 304L Stainless Steel
two bolts. When a new trap module is needed, it can be easily Internals 300 Series Stainless Steel
removed and replaced with a standard open-end or socket Valve Disc 420F Stainless Steel
wrench without disturbing the existing piping. Valve Seat 17-4 PH Stainless Steel
Bolts ASTM A193 GR B7
Gasket Spiral-Wound 304 Stainless Steel with
Grafoil Filler
Swivel Flange 303 Stainless Steel

C A PA C I T I E S – Condensate (lbs/hr)
PMO Differential Pressure (PSI)
Model (PSIG) 1/4 1/2 1 2 5 10 15 20 30 40 50 65 75 100 125 145 200 225
UFT450-15 15 390 490 620 780 1050 1320 1500
UFT450-65 65 115 155 205 270 390 520 610 685 810 910 995 1110
UFT450-145 145 55 75 100 135 200 270 320 365 435 490 540 600 640 725 795 850
UFT450-225 225 40 50 70 95 135 185 220 245 290 330 360 405 430 485 530 565 645 680

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 Universal Style

STEAM TRAPS
UFT450 Quick-Change Trap Module
Float & Thermostatic Steam Trap Module (mounts to UC450 Universal Connectors)

Stop Ring
Gasket
Universal Connector
Steam Trap
Mounting Bolt
Flange Connection
Gasket
UFT450 Trap Module must be
oriented Horizontally, as shown.
Plug or Blowdown Valve

Horizontal Piping Vertical Piping Vertical or Horizontal Piping

(Connector with Strainer) (Connector with Strainer) (No Strainer)

Steam Flow to the Right Steam Flow Downward Steam Flow Any Direction
UC450SBR Connector (with Blowdown Valve) shown below UC450SBR Connector (with Blowdown Valve) shown below UC450 Connector shown below

Trap shown with UC450SBR Connector Trap shown with UC450SBR Connector Trap shown with UC450 Connector
(Use L Style Connector to reverse orientation
as an alternative if a Piping Constraint exists)

Connectors available in 1/2”, 3/4” and 1” sizes in NPT or Socket-Weld Connections

UC450 UFT450 UC450SB UFT450

CONNECTOR Trap Module CONNECTOR Trap Module

2.92 (1/2”, 3/4”)

5.66 (1”) 3.50 3.50

.75 7.40

7.56

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 UTD450 Universal Style
STEAM TRAPS

UTD600 Quick-Change Trap Module

Thermodynamic Steam Trap Module (mounts to UC450 Universal Connectors)

Model (Side Mount Style) UTD450LSM UTD600LSM

UTD450SM UTD450
&
Connections Fits UC450 Series Universal Connectors UTD600
Body Material Stainless Steel Stainless Steel Thermodynamic
Steam Trap Module
PMO Max. Operating Pressure 450 PSIG 600 PSIG (Side Mount Style)
TMO Max. Operating Temperature 750ºF 750ºF For vertical or horizontal
piping installations.
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 720 PSIG @ 100ºF 720 PSIG @ 100ºF
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 800ºF @ 400 PSIG 800ºF @ 600 PSIG

Steam trap modules can be used with other manufacturers’

Universal Connectors.

Typical Applications Installation and Maintenance

DRIP, TRACER: Designed for drip applications for the Universal connector is first permanently installed (threaded,
draining of condensate from steam mains and other steam welded, flanged) into piping system. Trap module should be
supply lines as well as for tracing applications. The UTD450 installed in orientation shown with cap facing upwards. The trap
& UTD600 Steam Trap Modules can be used anywhere module is fastened to the universal connector using two bolts.
conventional thermodynamic steam traps are used. This If the trap fails for any reason, replace only the trap module. In
trap module can be used on either vertical or horizontal piping vertical piping installations with upward flow, use of a blowdown
installations and can mount to any 2-bolt Quick-Change valve is not recommended. Discharge would be in upward
Universal Connector. and unsafe direction.
How It Works Options
The UC450 universal connector is permanently installed into Universal Connectors are available with an integral strainer
the pipeline where the steam trap would normally be placed. and blowdown valve. Connector is purchased separately.
The trap module, which functions like any thermodynamic See the Universal Connectors section for more information.
steam trap, is fastened to the universal connector with two bolts.
When a new trap module is needed, it can be easily removed
and replaced with a standard open-end or socket wrench
without disturbing the existing piping. Helpful Selection Information
Connector selection to use with the UTD450SM and UTD600LSM:
Features UC450 (no strainer), UC450SR (strainer), UC450SBR (strainer and
blowdown).
• Trap module can be easily removed and replaced in
minutes without having to disconnect any piping
• Trap modules can be used with most manufacturers’
2-bolt universal connector
• All stainless steel construction with hardened seat M AT E R I A L S
Body Stainless Steel, AISI 420
Sample Specification Disc Stainless Steel, AISI 420
The steam trap module shall be designed to attach to the Cap Stainless Steel, AISI 416
industry standard two-bolt universal connector. Trap module Insulation Cover Stainless Steel, AISI 304
shall be of a thermodynamic design. Universal connector shall Bolts Steel, ASTM A193 GR B7
conform to the two bolt industry standard with integral strainer Gaskets (2) Spiral Wound 304 Stainless Steel
and blowdown options. with Grafoil Filler

C A PA C I T I E S – Condensate (lbs/hr)
Differential Pressure (PSI)
Model 4 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 75 100 150 200 250 300 400 450 600
UTD450LSM 140 215 242 270 295 320 355 390 455 510 600 670 730 790 880 925
UTD450SM 247 370 420 475 520 560 625 685 800 900 1060 1185 1300 1400 1560 1630
UTD600LSM 465 500 550 600 632 675 730

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UTD450 Universal Style

STEAM TRAPS
UTD600 Quick-Change Trap Module
Thermodynamic Steam Trap Module (mounts to UC450 Universal Connectors)

Stop Ring
Gasket
Universal Connector
Steam Trap
Mounting Bolt
Flange Connection
Gasket

Plug or Blowdown Valve

UTD450/UTD600 Trap Module should be oriented with cap facing Upwards, As shown.
Horizontal Piping Vertical Piping Vertical or Horizontal Piping
(Connector with Strainer) (Connector with Strainer) (No Strainer)

Steam Flow to the Right or to the Left Steam Flow Downward Steam Flow Vertically or Horizontally

Trap shown with Trap shown with

UC450SBR UC450SBL Trap shown with UC450SBR Connector Trap shown with UC450 Connector
Connector Connector

Connectors available in 1/2”, 3/4” and 1” sizes in NPT and Socket-Weld Connections
3.56 3.56
A A

1.17 1.17

B
C

UTD450SM
or
UTD600LSM
Steam Trap
UC450SR UC450SBR UC450SBL
CONNECTOR CONNECTOR
CONNECTOR
Strainer Strainer & Blowdown DIMENSIONS – inches Strainer & Blowdown
Size A B C
1/2” 3.31 3.25 3.78
3/4” 3.31 3.25 3.78
1” 3.62 3.44 3.95

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 Universal Style
STEAM TRAPS

UTD450 Quick-Change Trap Module

Thermodynamic Steam Trap Module (mounts to UC450 Universal Connectors)

Model (Top Mount Style) UTD450

UTD450L
Connections Fits UC450 Series Universal Connectors
Body Material Stainless Steel
PMO Max. Operating Pressure 450 PSIG
TMO Max. Operating Temperature 750ºF UTD450
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 720 PSIG @ 100ºF Thermodynamic
Steam Trap Module
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 800ºF @ 400 PSIG (Top Mount Style)
Recommended for horizontal
piping installations only
Steam trap modules can be used with other manufacturers’
so that cap can be
Universal Connectors. oriented upwards as shown.

Typical Applications Installation and Maintenance

DRIP, TRACER: Designed to work as a drip trap for the The UTD450 Trap module was intended for horizontal piping
draining of condensate from steam mains and other steam installations so the trap can be installed with cap facing upwards.
supply lines, the UTD450 Thermodynamic Steam Trap Module Trap module is attached to the connector using two bolts. If the
can be used anywhere conventional thermodynamic steam traps trap fails for any reason, replace only the trap module. When
are used. Can also be used on tracing applications. This model is a new trap module is needed, it can be easily removed and
only recommended for horizontal piping installations to allow the replaced with a standard open-end or socket wrench without
cap to be oriented upwards. The UTD450 mounts to any disturbing the existing piping.
2-bolt Quick-Change Universal Connector.
Options
The UTD450 is recommended for horizontal piping only so that Universal Connectors are available with an integral strainer
cap can be oriented upwards, as shown. and blowdown valve. Connector is purchased separately.
How It Works See the Universal Connectors section for more information.
The UC450 universal connector is permanently installed into
the pipeline where the steam trap would normally be placed.
The trap module, which functions like any thermodynamic steam Helpful Selection Information
trap, is fastened to the universal connector with two bolts. When a Connector selection to use with the UTD450: UC450 (no strainer),
new trap module is needed, it can be easily removed and UC450S (strainer), UC450SB (strainer and blowdown). Select this model
replaced with a standard open-end or socket wrench without for steam systems with maximum working pressure of 450 PSIG.
disturbing the existing piping.
Features
• Trap module can be easily removed and replaced in
minutes without having to disconnect any piping
• Trap modules can be used with most manufacturers’
2-bolt universal connector
• All stainless steel construction with hardened seat M AT E R I A L S
Body Stainless Steel, AISI 420
Sample Specification Disc Stainless Steel, AISI 420
Cap Stainless Steel, AISI 416
The steam trap module shall be designed to attach to the
industry standard two-bolt universal connector. Trap module Insulation Cover Stainless Steel, AISI 304
shall be of a thermodynamic design. Universal connector shall Bolts Steel, ASTM A193 GR B7
conform to the two bolt industry standard with integral strainer and Gaskets (2) Spiral Wound 304 Stainless Steel
blowdown options. with Grafoil Filler

C A PA C I T I E S – Condensate (lbs/hr)
Differential Pressure (PSI)
Model 4 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 75 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
UTD450L 140 215 242 270 295 320 355 390 455 510 600 670 730 790 840 880 925
UTD450 247 370 420 475 520 560 625 685 800 900 1060 1185 1300 1400 1485 1560 1630

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 STEAM TRAPS
Universal Style
UTD450 Quick-Change Trap Module
Thermodynamic Steam Trap Module (mounts to UC450 Universal Connectors)

Steam Trap

Flange Connection

Stop Ring
UTD450 Trap Module should be oriented with
cap facing Upwards. Therefore it should only
Gasket
be used with Horizontal Piping, as shown.
Gasket

Universal Connector
Plug or Blowdown Valve

Mounting Bolt

Horizontal Piping Horizontal Piping

(Connector with Strainer) (No Strainer)

Steam Flow to the Right or to the Left Steam Flow

UC450SBR & UC450SB Connector (with Blowdown Valve) shown below Horizontally
UC450 Connector shown below

Trap shown with UC450SBR Connector Trap shown with UC450SB Connector Trap shown with UC450 Connector
Strainer & Blowdown Valve is directed to the side Strainer & Blowdown Valve is directed downwards

Connectors available in 1/2”, 3/4” and 1” sizes in NPT and Socket-Weld Connections
3.31 (1/2”, 3/4”) 3.31 (1/2”, 3/4”)
6.06 (1”) 6.06 (1”)

2.69 2.69
2.69

.75

2.92 (1/2”, 3/4”)

5.66 (1”) 2.75 3.38

UTD450 Trap Module UTD450 Trap Module UTD450 Trap Module with
with UC450 Connector with UC450S Connector UC450SB Connector
(Strainer) (Strainer & Blowdown)

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STEAM TRAPS
Universal Style
UT450 Quick-Change Trap Module
Thermostatic Steam Trap Module (mounts to UC450 Universal Connectors)

Model UT450
Connections Fits UC450 Series Universal Connectors
Body Material Stainless Steel UT450
Thermostatic
PMO Max. Operating Pressure 450 PSIG Steam Trap
TMO Max. Operating Temperature Saturated Steam Temp. Module
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 720 PSIG @ 100ºF
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 800ºF @ 400 PSIG
Steam trap modules can be used with other manufacturers’
Universal Connectors.

Typical Applications Installation and Maintenance

DRIP, TRACER, PROCESS: The UT450 Thermostatic Steam Mounts to any two-bolt quick change universal connector.
Trap Module can be used anywhere conventional thermostatic Trap module is attached to the connector using two bolts and
steam traps are used. Used for drip, tracing and light process two sealing gaskets. When a new trap module is needed, it can
applications. Trap module mounts to any 2-bolt Quick-Change be easily removed and replaced with a standard open-end or
Universal Connector. socket wrench without unthreading the existing piping. In vertical
piping installations with upward flow, use of a blowdown valve
How It Works is not recommended. Discharge would be in upward and unsafe
The UC450 universal connector is permanently installed into the direction.
pipeline where the steam trap would normally be placed. The
trap module is fastened to the universal connector with two bolts. Options
When a new trap module is needed, it can be easily removed Universal Connectors are available with an integral strainer
and replaced with a standard open-end or socket wrench without and blowdown valve. Connector is purchased separately.
disturbing the existing piping. See the Universal Connectors section for more information.
Features
• Trap module can be easily removed and replaced in Helpful Selection Information
minutes without having to disconnect any piping Connector selection to use with the UT450: UC450 (no strainer),
UC450SR (strainer), UC450SBR (strainer and blowdown). Select this
• Trap modules can be used with most manufacturers’ model for steam systems with maximum working pressure of 450 PSIG.
2-bolt universal connector
• All stainless steel construction with hardened seat
Sample Specification
The steam trap module shall be designed to attach to the M AT E R I A L S
industry standard two-bolt universal connector. Trap module
shall be of a thermostatic design. The universal connector Body Stainless Steel, AISI 420
shall conform to the two-bolt industry standard with integral Thermal Element Stainless Steel, AISI 302
strainer and blowdown options. Disc & Seat Stainless Steel, AISI 420
Insulation Cover Stainless Steel, AISI 304
Bolts Steel, ASTM A193 GR B7
Gaskets (2) Spiral Wound 304 Stainless Steel
with Grafoil Filler

C A PA C I T I E S – Condensate (lbs/hr)
Orifice Steam Inlet Pressure (PSIG)
Model Size 5 10 20 50 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
UT450 3/16” 441 625 882 1391 1827 1969 2095 2305 2483 2636 2777 2903 3019
Note: 5/64” low capacity orifice is available upon request.

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 Universal Style

STEAM TRAPS
UT450 Quick-Change Trap Module
Thermostatic Steam Trap Module (mounts to UC450 Universal Connectors)
Steam Trap

Stop Ring
UT450 Gasket
Thermostatic Universal Connector
Steam Trap
Module
shown with Mounting Bolt
UC450SL Flange Connection
Connectors Gasket

Plug or Blowdown Valve

UT450 Trap Module may be
mounted in any orientation

Horizontal Piping Vertical Piping Vertical or Horizontal Piping

(Connector with Strainer) (Connector with Strainer) (No Strainer)

Steam Flow to the Right or to the Left Steam Flow Downward Steam Flow Vertically
UC450SBR & UC450SB Connector shown below UC450SBR & UC450SB Connector shown below or Horizontally
UC450 Connector shown below

Trap shown with Trap shown with Trap shown with Trap shown with Trap shown with UC450 Connector
UC450SBR Connector UC450SB Connector UC450SBR Connector UC450SB Connector

Connectors available in 1/2”, 3/4” and 1” sizes in NPT and Socket-Weld Connections
3.31 (1/2”, 3/4”) 3.31 (1/2”, 3/4”)
3.62 (1”) 3.62 (1”)

4.38 4.38 4.38

.75

2.92 (1/2”, 3/4”)

5.66 (1”) 2.75 3.38

UT450 Trap Module UT450 Trap Module

with UC450 Connector UT450 Trap Module with UC450S Connector
(Strainer) with UC450SB Connector
(Strainer & Blowdown)

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 Universal Style
STEAM TRAPS

UB450 Quick-Change Trap Module

Bi-Metallic Steam Trap Module (mounts to UC450 Universal Connectors)

Field-adjustable
Model UB450 UB450 discharge
Connections Fits UC450 Series Bi-Metallic
Steam Trap
temperature
Universal Connectors
Module
Body Material Stainless Steel
PMO Max. Operating Pressure 450 PSIG
TMO Max. Operating Temperature 662˚F UB450
Bi-Metallic
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 720 PSIG @ 100˚F Steam Trap
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 800ºF @ 400 PSIG Module
shown with
Steam trap modules can be used with other manufacturers’ UC450SBL
Universal Connectors. connector

Typical Applications
The UB450 Series Bi-Metallic Steam Trap Modules are used in
steam tracing applications (for process line heating, instrumenta-
tion and winterization, general steam jacketing). In tracing
applications, the externally-adjustable (temperature adjustment)
bi-metal element provides accurate control of condensate
discharge temperature as required to maintain a specific product
temperature as well provide maximum usage of energy.
How It Works M AT E R I A L S
Bi-metallic plates of dissimilar metals which are connected to Body and Cover Stainless Steel, A-351, Gr. CF8
the valve seat assembly respond to temperature variations. At Bimetal Element GB14
relatively cool conditions, the trap is open for the discharge of
condensate. When the temperature of the condensate is equal to Valve Seat 17-4 Ph Stainless Steel
or higher than the set temperature, the metals react and expand, Gaskets (2) Spiral Wound 304 Stainless Steel with Grafoil Filler
closing the trap. External field-adjustability of the bi-metal ele-
ment allows control of the condensate discharge temperature.
Trap module is fastened to the universal connector using 2 bolts.
Features
• Excellent for various steam tracing and small process
applications where maximum energy usage is desired
4.50
• Field-adjustable bimetal element allows control of 5.34 5.34
ondensate discharge temperature, providing maximum
use of additional energy in the condensate
• Internal screen and seat/plug design help prevent pipe
scale and debris from accumulating on seating surfaces
to provide trouble-free operation

Installation and Maintenance 2.92 (1/2”, 3/4”) 2.75

5.66 (1”)
Universal connector is first permanently threaded or welded into
piping system. Trap module is attached to the universal connector
using two bolts. If the trap fails for any reason, replace only the 3.31 (1/2”, 3/4”)
6.06 (1”)
trap module. In vertical piping installations with upward flow, use
of a blowdown valve is not recommended. Discharge would be Shown with
in upward and unsafe direction. UC450 & UC450S Connectors

Maximum Trap Capacities at Various Inlet Pressures and Set Temperatures – Condensate (lbs/hr)
Steam Inlet Pressure (PSIG)
Set Temperature 15 30 50 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
220˚F 56 70 102 144 161 177 204 228 250 270 289 306
240˚F 116 164 212 300 336 368 425 475 520 562 600 637
260˚F 134 190 245 346 387 424 490 548 600 648 693 735
280˚F 143 202 261 370 413 453 523 584 640 691 739 784
Notes: 1) Capacities in chart are based on discharging condensate to atmosphere with a condensate temperature of 200˚ F.
2) Contact factory for additional information including other condensate set and discharge temperatures.
3) To ensure proper operation and eliminate possible steam loss, the Set Temperature should be lower than 27 ˚F subcool
(degrees below inlet steam saturation temperature).

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 STEAM TRAPS
Clean Steam Traps
Introduction

What is Clean Steam or Pure Steam?

Clean Steam is steam that is made from deionized or distilled water in specialty boilers or steam generators. It is typically
used in pharmaceutical applications such as sterilizers, fermenters and bioreactors as well as in the food production
industries, distilleries and hospitals. Clean Steam should be used on any process that utilizes steam in such a way that it
may come into direct contact with the end product and cause contamination. Industrial grade steam (most common grade
of steam) is unsuitable for direct product contact because it contains contaminants from boiler additives, rust, and other
heat transfer equipment. Pure Steam is clean steam that is produced to be virtually free of pyrogens and endotoxins, and
is defined as “Water For Injection” or WFI.

Materials of construction
The Ultra-Pure water that is used to
make clean steam has been depleted
of all of its ions during the purification
process, making it very chemically
aggressive to metals, or “ion hungry.”
Therefore, only corrosion resistant metals
such as 316 Stainless Steel can be used
in products that handle clean steam.
It’s often required that the Stainless Steel
in contact with Clean Steam must be
passivated, a chemical process that
removes any residual surface iron and
promotes Chrome Oxide formation,
further improving corrosion resistance.

Surface Finish
Smoothing the surfaces by means of
polishing reduces the ridges and
crevices where micro-organisms
(bacteria) may grow. While mechanical
polishing will reduce the surface ridges
significantly, electro-polishing is required
to meet the standards of sanitary
systems. Electro-polishing is an electro-
chemical process that smoothes the
surface of a metal object by removing
surface metal ion by ion. Ra is measured
in microinches and refers to the smooth-
ness of a surface. The lower the Ra
number, the smoother the surface and
the less chance for surface contamination
and microorganism growth.

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STEAM TRAPS

Clean Steam Traps

Introduction
Steam Traps

FDA300 FDA400 FDA500 FDA600 FDA800

Clean Steam 62-65

Model Body Material PMO (PSIG) Sizes Connections Page No.
FDA300 Stainless Steel 90 11/2” Tri-Clamp 113
FDA400 Stainless Steel 90 1/2”, 3/4” Tri-Clamp 114
FDA500 Stainless Steel 90 1/2”, 3/4”, 1” Tri-Clamp, NPT, TW 116
FDA600 Stainless Steel 110 1/2”, 3/4”, 1” Tri-Clamp, NPT, TW 118
FDA800 Stainless Steel 150 1/2” Tri-Clamp, NPT, TW 119

Sanitary Steam Traps Vs. Clean Steam Traps Connections

Steam traps to be installed in sanitary piping systems Because different facilities may identify different areas of
must adhere to stringent design standards beyond traps potential contamination in a piping system, various end
merely suitable for clean steam applications. connections are available to satisfy customer needs.
Sanitary Tri-Clamp - A quick disconnect type fitting that
Sanitary Steam Traps are designed to offer free flow meets sanitary piping standards allowing piping systems
through internal passages by incorporating very smooth or products to be easily dismantled.
internal finishes. The internal electro-polish finish on a
sanitary steam trap must be between 20-25 Ra while Tube Weld (TW) – a connection offered where welding of
the external finish is usually between 25-32 Ra. Because the steam trap is preferred for sanitary applications
the system must be periodically passivated to provide NPT – a standard national pipe thread taper connection
sterilization, these traps offer a sanitary tri-clamp con- offered for applications with less stringent requirements,
nection on the body to allow for removal of the thermal often considered on main line drip applications
element. Removal of the element allows unobstructed
flow through the trap during passivation. The FDA300, Manufacturing and Design Standards
FDA400 & FDA500 are Sanitary Steam Traps. ASME BPE – Provides requirements of equipment used
Clean Steam Traps are steam traps designed for the in bioprocessing, pharmaceutical and other applications
same functionality as the sanitary traps, but do not offer that require high hygienic levels.
the same level of surface finish, RA. Therefore clean USP 24 – Standard for Pharmaceutical Grade Water
steam traps cannot be used when a sanitary specified which specifies the chemical composition of the allowable
application is required. number of contaminants.
FDA CFR Title 21-177.1550 – Standard for perfluoro-
Clean-in-place (CIP) & Sterilization-in-place (SIP)
carbon resins that may be safely used as components
CIP is a system which allows the automatic cleaning intended to contact food.
and disinfecting of plant equipment without dismantling, 3A Sanitary Standards – Standards provide material
using cleaning fluids such as detergents, acids, alkalis, specifications, design criteria and other necessary
and water. CIP uses a high flow, highly turbulent solution information for equipment types to satisfy public health
to remove soil in the system. Chemicals are used to concerns where a high degree of sanitation is required.
break up and remove the remaining soil. Sanitizer is
then used to kill remaining microorganisms.
SIP is the process of sterilizing plant equipment without
dismantling, usually following CIP procedures. SIP uses
low pressure steam for sterilization purposes – typically
30 – 35 psig. The steam trap bodies must be passivated
to remove any residual iron deposits as well as to
promote a chrome oxide layer to enhance corrosion
resistance of the stainless steel.

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Steam Traps

STEAM TRAPS
FDA300
Clean Steam Thermostatic Steam Trap (Repairable) Thermostatic Clean Steam
High-Capacity Sanitary

Model FDA300
Sizes 11/2”
Connections Tri-Clamp
Body Material Stainless Steel
PMO Max. Operating Pressure 90 PSIG
TMO Max. Operating Temperature Saturated Steam Temperature
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 145 PSIG up to 338ºF
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 350ºF @ 132 PSIG

Typical Applications
PROCESS: FDA300 Series high-capacity thermostatic clean
steams traps are used on clean steam applications, and for
1.98”
condensate drainage on CIP/SIP systems and various
process vessels.
How It Works
This trap contains a welded 316L stainless steel thermal element
that expands when heated and contracts when cooled. When 2.05”
air and subcooled condensate are present, the trap is in an open
discharge position. When steam reaches the trap, the element
expands, closing the trap tightly.
Features
• All wetted parts are 316L stainless steel
• Electro-polish finish of 20-25 microinches RA on
internal surfaces of body
• Electro-polish finish of 25-32 microinches RA on Size/Connection Model Orifice Weight
external surfaces of body Inlet x Outlet Code Size lbs
• Operates close to saturation curve to minimize 11/2” TC x TC FDA300-16-TCTC 0.394 2.25
condensate back-up
• Completely self-draining in the vertical downward flow
orientation M AT E R I A L S
Body Stainless Steel, AISI 316L
Sample Specification
Element Plate Stainless Steel, AISI 316L
The steam Trap shall be all 316L stainless steel thermostatic Thermal Element Stainless Steel, AISI 316L
type with a balanced pressure bellows that operates close to Clamp Stainless Steel, AISI 304
saturated steam temperatures. Internal body parts shall have
an electro-polish finish of 20-25 microinches RA internally and a
25-32 finish externally. The unit shall have a split-body sanitary
clamp design for easy maintenance. Trap shall be completely
self-draining when mounted vertically. C A PA C I T I E S – Condensate (lbs/hr)
Orifice Differential Pressure (PSI)
Installation and Maintenance Model (inches) 5 10 20 50 75 90
This trap is designed for installation in a vertical, downward FDA300 0.394 216 368 702 2214 4300 5904
flow orientation to ensure that the self-draining clean steam Note: Capacities at 9˚F below saturated steam temperature
requirement is satisfied.

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STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps FDA400
Clean Steam Thermostatic Steam Trap Thermostatic Clean Steam
(Repairable)

Model FDA401, FDA402, FDA403

Sizes 1/2”, 3/4”
Connections Tri-clamp
Body Material Stainless Steel
PMO Max. Operating Pressure 90 PSIG
TMO Max. Operating Temperature Saturated Steam Temperature
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 145 PSIG up to 338ºF
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 350ºF @ 132 PSIG

Typical Applications
DRIP, PROCESS: FDA400 Series thermostatic clean steam
traps are used in clean steam applications such as drainage Sanitary
for CIP/SIP systems and various process vessels. The universal Clamp for
horizontal connection allows the trap body to swivel to any Trap Body
angle. The FDA400 Series allows for a 90 degree connection
on either the inlet or outlet capable of 360 degree orientation.
Available with 2˚F sub-cool bellows.

How It Works
This trap contains a welded 316L stainless steel thermal element
that expands when heated and contracts when cooled. When air
and sub-cooled condensate are present, the trap is in an open
discharge position. When steam reaches the trap, the element
expands, closing the trap tightly.
Size/Connection Model Port Configuration Weight
Features Inlet x Outlet Code Inlet Outlet lbs

• Universal horizontal connection swivels to any angle 9/64” Orifice (0.141)

• All wetted parts are 316L stainless steel 1/2” TC x TC FDA401-12-TCTC 90˚ 90˚ 3
1/2” TC x TC FDA402-12-TCTC 90˚ Straight 3
• Electro-polish finish of 20-25 microinches RA on
internal surfaces of body 1/2” TC x TC FDA403-12-TCTC Straight 90˚ 3

• Electro-polish finish of 25-32 microinches RA on 5/16” Orifice (0.312)

external surfaces of body 3/4” TC x TC FDA411-13-TCTC 90˚ 90˚ 3
• Operates close to saturation curve to minimize 3/4” TC x TC FDA412-13-TCTC 90˚ Straight 3
condensate back-up 3/4” TC x TC FDA413-13-TCTC Straight 90˚ 3
• Completely self-draining in the vertical downward flow
orientation
M AT E R I A L S
Body Stainless Steel, AISI 316L
Sample Specification Gasket Teflon/Encapsulated Viton
The Steam Trap shall be all 316L stainless steel thermostatic type Element Plate Stainless Steel, AISI 316L
with a balanced pressure bellows that operates close to saturated Thermal Element Stainless Steel, AISI 316L
steam temperatures. Inlet, outlet or both connections must contain Clamp Stainless Steel, AISI 304
a 90˚ swivel arrangement capable of 360˚ orientation. Internal body
parts shall have an electro-polish finish of 20-25 microinches
RA internally and a 25-32 finish externally. The unit shall have C A PA C I T I E S – Condensate (lbs/hr)
a split-body sanitary clamp design for easy maintenance. Trap Differential Pressure (PSI)
shall be completely self-draining when mounted vertically. Model Orifice
(inches) 5 10 20 50 75 90
Installation and Maintenance FDA400 9/64 140 240 400 690 850 950
FDA410 5/16 850 1200 1695 2690 3165 3400
Trap is designed for installation in a vertical, downward flow orientation
to ensure that the self-draining clean steam requirement is satisfied. Note: Capacities at 10˚F below saturation.

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Steam Traps

STEAM TRAPS
FDA400
Clean Steam Thermostatic Steam Trap Thermostatic Clean Steam
(Repairable)
FDA400 Series Connections: 1/2” & 3/4”
Units: inches

FDA401 9/64” Orifice (0.141) Inlet: 90˚ Angle

FDA411 5/16” Orifice (0.312) Outlet: 90˚ Angle

360˚
1.80 Swivel

FLOW

4.20
3.00

3.30

FDA402 9/64” Orifice (0.141) Inlet: 90˚ Angle

FDA412 5/16” Orifice (0.312) Outlet: Straight

360˚
1.80 Swivel

FLOW
3.45

2.85

FDA403 9/64” Orifice (0.141) Inlet: Straight

FDA413 5/16” Orifice (0.312) Outlet: 90˚ Angle

1.50
FLOW

2.77

3.38

360˚
Swivel

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STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps FDA500
Clean Steam Thermostatic Steam Trap Thermostatic Clean Steam
(Repairable)

Model FDA500, FDA510

Sizes 1/2”, 3/4”, 1”, 11/2”
Connections Tri-clamp, NPT, Tube Weld
Body Material Stainless Steel
PMO Max. Operating Pressure 90 PSIG
TMO Max. Operating Temperature Saturated Steam Temperature
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 145 PSIG up to 338ºF
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 350ºF @ 132 PSIG

Typical Applications Sanitary Clamp

for Trap Body
DRIP, PROCESS: FDA500 Series thermostatic clean steam
traps are used in clean steam applications as drip traps on
piping runs as well as for drainage for CIP/SIP systems and
various process vessels. Available with 2˚F sub-cool bellows.
Size/Connection Model Orifice Weight
How It Works
Inlet x Outlet Code Size lbs
This trap contains a welded 316L stainless steel thermal
element that expands when heated and contracts when cooled. 1/2” TC x TC FDA500-12-TCTC 9/64” 2.00
When air and sub-cooled condensate are present, the trap is in 3/4” TC x TC FDA500-13-TCTC 9/64” 2.00
an open discharge position. When steam reaches the trap, the 1” TC x TC FDA500-14-TCTC 9/64” 2.25
element expands, closing the trap tightly. 11/2” TC x TC FDA500-16-TCTC 9/64” 2.25
1/2” TC x TC FDA510-12-TCTC 5/16” 2.00
Features 3/4” TC x TC FDA510-13-TCTC 5/16” 2.00
• All wetted parts are 316L stainless steel 1” TC x TC FDA510-14-TCTC 5/16” 2.25
11/2” TC x TC FDA510-16-TCTC 5/16” 2.25
• Electro-polish finish of 20-25 microinches RA on internal 1/2” TC x NPT FDA500-12-TCNP 9/64” 2.00
surfaces of body. Consult factory for 15RA max surface
3/4” TC x NPT FDA500-13-TCNP 9/64” 2.00
finish option.
1” TC x NPT FDA500-14-TCNP 9/64” 3.00
• Electro-polish finish of 25-32 microinches RA on external 11/2” TC x NPT FDA500-16-TCNP 9/64” 2.25
surfaces of body 1/2” TC x NPT FDA510-12-TCNP 5/16” 2.25
• Operates close to saturation curve to minimize 3/4” TC x NPT FDA510-13-TCNP 5/16” 2.25
condensate back-up 1” TC x NPT FDA510-14-TCNP 5/16” 2.25
11/2” TC x NPT FDA510-16-TCNP 5/16” 2.25
• Completely self-draining in the vertical downward flow 1/2” TW x TW FDA500-12-TWTW 9/64” 2.25
orientation 1/2” TW x TW FDA510-12-TWTW 5/16” 2.25

Sample Specification
The steam Trap shall be all 316L stainless steel thermostatic M AT E R I A L S
type with a balanced pressure bellows that operates close to Body Stainless Steel, AISI 316L
saturated steam temperatures. Internal body parts shall have
an electro-polish finish of 20-25 microinches RA internally and a Gasket Teflon/Encapsulated Viton
25-32 finish externally. The unit shall have a split-body sanitary Element Plate Stainless Steel, AISI 316L
clamp design for easy maintenance. Trap shall be completely Thermal Element Stainless Steel, AISI 316L
self-draining when mounted vertically. Clamp Stainless Steel, AISI 304
Installation and Maintenance
C A PA C I T I E S – Condensate (lbs/hr)
This trap is designed for installation in a vertical, downward Differential Pressure (PSI)
flow orientation to ensure that the self-draining clean steam Model Orifice
(inches) 5 10 20 50 75 90
requirement is satisfied. If purchased with tube weld connections
with the intention of welding in-line, the thermal element and FDA500 9/64 140 240 400 690 850 950
gasket must be removed during the welding process or heat FDA510 5/16 850 1200 1695 2690 3165 3400
damage may occur. Note: Capacities at 10˚F below saturation.

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 FDA500

STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps
Clean Steam Thermostatic Steam Trap Thermostatic Clean Steam
(Repairable)

Typical Clean Steam Application

Clean
Steam
Supply

FDA600
Installed
as Air
Vent
Clean Steam
Ball Valve

FDA800
Installed as
Drip Trap
Diaphragm
Valve

FDA500
Installed as Process Trap

Condensate

FDA500 Series Connections: 1/2”, 3/4” & 1”

Units: inches

Tri-Clamp Connection: TC x TC Connection: NP x NP or TC x NP Tube-weld Connection: TW x TW

FLOW

1/2” 4.24
2.6 3/4” 4.48 4.20
1” 5.1
Clamp
Ends 2.6
Ref.

2.6
1.6 2.1
2.6
2.6
1.6 2.1
1.6 2.1

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STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps FDA600
Clean Steam Thermostatic Steam Trap Thermostatic Clean Steam
(Repairable)

Model FDA600
Sizes 1/2”, 3/4”, 1”
Connections Tri-clamp, NPT, Tube Weld
Body Material Stainless Steel
PMO Max. Operating Pressure 110 PSIG
TMO Max. Operating Temperature Saturated Steam Temperature
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 145 PSIG up to 338ºF
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 350ºF @ 132 PSIG

Typical Applications
DRIP, PROCESS: FDA600 Series thermostatic clean steam FLOW
traps are used as drip traps on piping runs on clean steam
applications and for drainage for CIP/SIP systems and various 4.2
process vessels. Tube
NPT
How It Works 1/2” - 3.7 1.9
3/4” - 3.8 Sanitary
This trap contains a welded 316L stainless steel thermal 1” - 5.0
element that expands when heated and contracts when cooled.
When air and subcooled condensate are present, the trap is in
an open discharge position. When steam reaches the trap,
the element expands, closing the trap tightly.
Features
• All wetted parts are 316L stainless steel
• Operates close to saturation curve to minimize Units: Inches
2.4
condensate back-up
• Completely self-draining in the vertical downward flow
orientation Size/Connection Model PMO Weight
Inlet x Outlet Code PSI lbs
Sample Specification
The Steam Trap shall be all 316L stainless steel thermostatic 1/2” TC x TC FDA600-12-TCTC 110 1.25
type with a balanced pressure bellows that operates close to 3/4” TC x TC FDA600-13-TCTC 110 1.25
saturated steam temperatures. The unit shall have a split-body 1” TC x TC FDA600-14-TCTC 110 1.25
design for easy maintenance. Trap shall be completely 1/2” TC x NPT FDA600-12-TCNP 110 1.25
self-draining when mounted vertically.
3/4” TC x NPT FDA600-13-TCNP 110 1.25
Installation and Maintenance 1” TC x NPT FDA600-14-TCNP 110 1.25
Trap is designed to be installed in a vertical, downward 1/2” NPT x NPTT FDA600-12-NPNP 110 1.25
flow orientation to ensure that the self-draining clean steam 3/4” NPT x NPT FDA600-13-NPNP 110 1.25
requirement is satisfied. If purchased with tube weld connections
with the intention of welding in-line, the thermal element and 1” NPT x NPT FDA600-14-NPNP 110 1.25
gasket must be removed during the welding process or heat 1/2” TW X TW FDA600-12-TWTW 110 1.25
damage may occur.
C A PA C I T I E S – Condensate (lbs/hr)
M AT E R I A L S Condensate
Temp Below Differential Pressure (PSI)
Body Stainless Steel, AISI 316L Saturation 1 5 10 20 50 75 110
Thermal Element Stainless Steel, AISI 316L 10 ˚F 32 105 175 290 615 805 1160
O-Ring, FDA Grade Teflon Coated Silicone/FEP 20 ˚F 42 115 225 440 1060 1500 1850
Nuts & Bolts Stainless Steel, AISI 316L Cold Water 735 1070 1375 1900 3100 3500 4600

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Steam Traps FDA800

STEAM TRAPS
Clean Steam Thermodynamic Steam Trap Thermodynamic Clean Steam

Model FDA800
Sizes 1/2”
Connections Tri-Clamp, NPT, Tube Weld
Body Material Stainless Steel
PMO Max. Operating Pressure 150 PSIG
TMO Max. Operating Temperature 500ºF
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 230 PSIG @ 850ºF
NPT Tri-Clamp
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 850ºF @ 230 PSIG

Typical Applications
M AT E R I A L S
DRIP: The FDA800 Series thermodynamic clean steam traps
are used as drip traps on steam mains in CIP/SIP systems and Body Stainless Steel, AISI 316L
drainage for separators and filters. Disc Stainless Steel, AISI 316L
Cap Stainless Steel, AISI 316L
How It Works
Using the thermodynamic properties of flash steam, this trap
features a disc that is pushed open by incoming condensate, Size/Connection Model PMO Weight
then closes tightly when steam enters the trap. Because it Inlet x Outlet Code PSI lbs
normally operates in an open position, condensate is
continuously discharged from the line. Steam entering the 1/2” TC x TC FDA800-12-TCTC 150 1.5
trap creates an internal pressure that forces the valve to 1/2” TW x TW FDA800-12-TWTW 150 1.5
close tightly, preventing the steam from escaping.
1/2” NPT x NPT FDA800-12-NPNP 150 1.5
Features
• Small and compact
• All 316L stainless steel components Units: Inches
• Works in any position (horizontal preferred)
Sample Specification
The steam trap shall be a thermodynamic disc type with an
all 316L stainless steel construction and integral seat design.
Unit shall be capable of installation in any orientation and Inlet Outlet
self-draining when mounted vertically.
Installation and Maintenance
Can be installed in any position; however, horizontal is preferred.
For self-draining requirements, the trap should be installed 1.38
vertically. Installation should include a strainer before the trap 2.6 Sanitary
inlet since dirt is a common cause of premature failure. 2.6 NPT

C A PA C I T I E S – Condensate (lbs/hr)
Differential Pressure (PSI)
Size 3.5 5 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 75 100 150
1/2” 180 185 190 195 200 215 220 230 250 310 375 500
Note: Maximum back pressure not to exceed 80% of inlet pressure.

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STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps WPN Series
Bi-Metallic Steam Trap Bi-Metallic

Bi-Metallic Steam Traps

The WPN Series Bi-Metallic Steam Traps are
used in steam tracing, steam main drips and
non-critical process equipment. They can be used
on outdoor applications that are subject to freezing.
The WPN Series Traps are available in multiple sizes
and pressures up to 2260 PSI.

Model Body Material PMO Sizes Connections Pressure Max Diff.

(PSIG) Controller Pressure (PSI)
NPT, 150# or 300# FLG, R22 320
WPN-40 A105 Carbon Steel 470 1/2” – 2”
SW, BW R32 460
WPN-63 A182-F12CL2 Alloy Steel 823 1/2” , 3/4”, 1” NPT, 300# FLG, SW, BW R56 810
WPN-100 A182-F12CL2 Alloy Steel 1220 1/2” , 3/4”, 1” NPT, 600# FLG, SW, BW R90 1200
WPN-160 A182-F12CL2 Alloy Steel 1620 1/2” , 3/4”, 1” NPT, 900# FLG, SW, BW R130 1600
WPN-250 A182-F22CL3 Alloy Steel 2260 1/2” , 3/4”, 1” NPT, 1500# FLG, SW, BW R150 2230

Typical Applications Installation and Maintenance

DRIP, TRACING: WPN Series Bi-metallic steam traps are used in The trap can be installed in any orientation except with
steam tracing, steam main drips and non-critical process equipment. the cap facing downward. All internal components
They are extremely robust and reliable, making them a suitable choice for can be replaced while trap body remains in-line.
high
pressure applications as well as outdoor applications that are subject
to freezing. They are used in systems where a quick discharge of air,
non-condensable gases and large quantities of cold water need to Pressure
be dischargeat start-up. Controller
How It Works
When the system is cold, the trap is fully open; discharging air and cold
condensate. When the bi-metallic plates inside the trap heat up, they expand;
pulling the seat closed and restricting flow. Prior to steam temperature being
reached, the trap shuts off tightly. Cooler temperatures cause the seat to open
further. Therefore, trap capacity will increase when colder condensate is in
contact with the Bi-metal element. Trap capacity is therefore given at different
temperatures below saturated steam temperature.
Features
• Excellent for high-pressure and superheated steam applications Max Differential Pressure
• Freeze-proof and resistant to waterhammer for Pressure Controller
Pressure Max Diff. Pressure
• Suitable for superheated steam Controller PSI
• In-line repairable R22 320
• Trap can be welded into line R32 460
R56 810
Sample Specification R90 1200
R130 1600
Steam trap shall be Watson McDaniel WPN Series Bi-Metallic Steam Trap.
R150 2230
Trap must be capable of being completely serviced while still in-line.

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 STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps WPN Series
Bi-Metallic Steam Trap Bi-Metallic

How to select a A WPN Trap: Example Model Codes:

1) Select a Pressure Controller that has a max differential WPN40-A-R22-14-F150-ES
pressure within the range of your application.
(Model WPN40, 320 PSI Max Differential Pressure,
2) Select a Trap Body depending on System Pressure; 1” 150# Flanged with External Strainer)
WPN40 thru WPN250.
3) Select Connection Type & Size WPN63-C-R56-14-F600
(Model WPN63, 810 PSI Max Differential Pressure,
4) Configure Model Code (see Examples to right)
1” 600# Flanged with Standard Internal Strainer)

Model Configuration Chart

Position 1 Position 2 Position 3 Position 4 Position 5 Position 6
Body Pressure Connection Strainer
Model Material Controller Connection Type Selection
(Code) Code Size Code Code Code
1/2” 12
3/4” 13 F150,
Internal
1” 14 F300, Strainer
11/2” 16 N, (IS)
Carbon Steel R22 or SW
WPN-40 2” 17
A105 R32
1/2” 12
(A) F150,
3/4” 13
F300, External
1” 14 Strainer
11/2” 16 N, SW,
(ES)
2” 17 BW

Alloy Steel 1/2” 12

F300,
WPN-63 A182-F12CL2 R56 3/4” 13 SW,
(C) 1” 14 BW

Alloy Steel 1/2” 12

F600,
WPN-100 A182-F12CL2 R90 3/4” 13 SW,
(C) 1” 14 BW

Alloy Steel 1/2” 12

F900,
WPN-160 A182-F12CL2 R130 3/4” 13 SW,
(C) BW
1” 14
Alloy Steel 1/2” 12 F1500,
WPN-250 A182-F22CL3 R150 3/4” 13 SW,
(C) BW
1” 14

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STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps WPN Series
Bi-Metallic Steam Trap Bi-Metallic

Model WPN-40
Sizes 1/ ”, 3/ ”, 1”, 11/ ”, 2”
2 4 2
Connections NPT, 150# FLG, 300# FLG, SW, BW
Body & Cover Material A105 (C22.8)
PMA ANSI Class 150 with 150# FLG 190 PSIG up to 437˚F
PMA ANSI Class 300 with 300# FLG 460 PSIG up to 772˚F
TMO Max. Operating Temperature (˚F) Approx. 100˚F Superheat
Pressure Controller R22 R32
PMO Max. Operating Differential Pressure
of Pressure Controller (PSI) 320 460

Note: SW = Socket Weld

BW = Butt-Weld

1) = 18˚F SUB-COOL The capacity charts show the maximum flow at factory setting.
2) = 54˚F SUB-COOL Curve 1 Flow of Condensate at approx. 18°F below boiling temperature.
3) = 68˚F
Curve 2 Flow of Sub-Cooled Condensate at approx. 54°F below boiling temperature.

Curve 3 Flow of Cold Condensate at about 68°F (during start-up of a cold system).

Cooler temperatures cause the seat in the controller to open wider; therefore, trap capacity will
increase when colder condensate is in contact with the Bi-metal element. Trap capacity is given
at different temperatures below saturated steam temperature

WPN-40 with R22 & R32 Controller WPN-40 with R22 & R32 Controller
1/2”, 3/4”, 1” 11/2”, 2”

3 3
2
2 R3
1 2
R22 R2 2
R32 2
R3
R22 1
R22
2 2
R3 R3
2
2 R3 R22
R2

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Steam Traps

STEAM TRAPS
WPN Series
Bi-Metallic Steam Trap Bi-Metallic

WPN-40 with R22 or R32 Controller (screw-on cover) WPN-40 with R22 or R32 Controller (bolt-on cover)
1/2”, 3/4”, 1” 11/2”, 2”
L

H3
Bolt-On
Screw-on Cover
Cover H3

Internal Strainer

H
H

FLOW
FLOW

H1
Shown without
Optional
Shown with External Strainer
Optional H2
External Strainer
L

L L L NPT SW Butt-weld
NPT Butt-weld SW

DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS – inches

Model Size Connection L H H1 H2 H3 Weight (lbs)
1/ ”, 3/ ” 150#/300# FLG 5.90 3.92 2.44 1.20 2.8 7.7
2 4
1” 150#/300# FLG 6.30 3.92 2.44 1.20 2.8 9.2
11/2”, 2” 150#/300# FLG 9.05 5.76 2.67 1.97 3.6 25.0
1/ ”, 3/ ” NPT, SW 3.74 3.92 2.44 1.20 2.8 3.7
2 4
WPN-40 1” NPT, SW 3.74 4.12 2.16 1.20 2.8 4.6
11/2” NPT 6.30 5.76 2.67 1.97 3.6 17.6
11/2” SW 5.12 5.76 2.67 1.97 3.6 17.6
2” NPT, SW 8.27 5.76 2.67 1.97 3.6 17.6
1/ ”, 3/ ”, 1” Butt-weld 9.84 3.92 2.44 1.20 2.8 5.0
2 4
11/2”, 2” Butt-weld 9.84 5.76 2.67 1.97 3.6 21.0

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STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps WPN Series
Bi-Metallic Steam Trap Bi-Metallic

Model WPN-63* WPN-100 WPN-160 WPN-250

Sizes 1/ ”, 3/ ”,
1” 1/ ”, 3/ ”,
1” 1/ ”, 3/ ”,1” 1/ ”, 3/ ”,
1”
2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4
Connections 300# FLG, SW, 600# FLG, SW, 900# FLG, SW, 1500# FLG, SW,
Butt-weld Butt-weld Butt-weld Butt-weld
Body & Cover Material Alloy Steel Alloy Steel Alloy Steel Alloy Steel
(A182-F12CL2) (A182-F12CL2) (A182-F12CL2) (A182-F22CL3)
Body Rating ANSI 400 ANSI 600 ANSI 900 ANSI 1500
PMA Max. Allowable Pressure 810 PSIG 1200 PSIG 1600 PSIG 2180 PSIG
up to 592˚F up to 610˚F up to 750˚F up to 905˚F
TMA Max. Allowable Temperature 1000˚F @ 261 PSIG 1000˚F @ 441 PSIG 1000˚F @ 595 PSIG 1000˚F @ 1305 PSIG
TMO Max. Operating Temperature 572˚F 842˚F 932˚F 932˚F
Pressure Controller R56 R90 R130 R150
PMO Max. Operating Diff. Pressure 810 PSI 1200 PSI 1600 PSI 2230 PSI
of Pressure Controller

WPN-63 / WPN-100 / WPN-160 / WPN-250

1/2”, 3/4”, 1”

H3 FLG

Butt-weld Version
(shown)
H

SW

FLOW
H1

DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS – inches

Model Size Connection L H H1 H3 Weight (lbs)
1/ ”, 3/ ” FLG* 8.26 4.16 1.68 2.8 17.6
2 4
WPN-63, WPN-100, 1” FLG* 9.05 4.16 1.68 2.8 17.6
WPN-160, WPN-250 1/ ”, 3/ ”,
SW 6.30 4.16 1.68 2.8 10.0
2 4 1”
Butt-weld 6.30 4.16 1.68 2.8 10.0
* WPN-63: 300# FLG
WPN-100: 600# FLG
WPN-160: 900# FLG
WPN-250: 1500# FLG

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Steam Traps

STEAM TRAPS
WPN Series
Bi-Metallic Steam Trap Bi-Metallic

The capacity charts show the maximum flow at factory setting.

Curve 1 Maximum Flow quantity of Condensate at approximately 18 & 27°F below boiling temperature.

Curve 2 Maximum Flow of Sub-Cooled condensate at approx. 54°F below boiling temperature (through back up of condensate).

Curve 3 Maximum Flow quantity of Cold Condensate at about 68°F (during start-up of a cold system).

Cooler temperatures cause the seat in the controller to open wider; therefore, trap capacity will increase when colder condensate is
in contact with the Bi-metal element. Trap capacity is given at different temperatures below saturated steam temperature.

WPN-63 • 1/2”, 3/4”, 1” WPN-100 • 1/2”, 3/4”, 1”

R56 Controller R90 Controller

3 3
F F
68˚ 68˚

2
OOL 2
SUB-C OL
54˚ F UB-CO
54˚ F S
1
OL 1
UB-CO OOL
27˚ F S
˚ F SUB-C
27

Differential pressure Differential pressure

WPN-160 • 1/2”, 3/4”, 1” WPN-250 • 1/2”, 3/4”, 1”

R130 Controller R150 Controller

17600 13200
11000 3
3 8800
8800
6600
68˚ F
6600 68˚ F
4400
Flow (lbs/hr)

4400
Flow (lbs/hr)

2200 2
1750 54˚ F SUB-COOL
1320
1
B-COOL 2200
54˚ F SUB-COOL
2
18˚ F SU
880 1750
1320
18˚ F SUB-COOL 1
440 880

Differential pressure (PSI) Differential pressure (PSI)

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Steam Traps FM Series

STEAM TRAPS
Steel Manifolds Manifolds
Fabricated Carbon Steel

6”

41/2” # # B
Description Model Inlet (A) Front Side Conn. Length Wt..
Vertical Mount Code Size Type Conn. Conn. Total (in) (lbs)
3” Condensate Collection (C) Manifolds
4 side conn. FM4-12-N-C 1/2” NPT 4 0 4 24 25
21/2”
4 side conn. FM4-13-N-C 3/4” NPT 4 0 4 24 27
21/2” Typ.
4 side/2 front conn. FM6-12-N-C 1/2” NPT 4 2 6 24 27
4 side/2 front conn. FM6-13-N-C 3/4” NPT 4 2 6 24 29
8 side conn. FM8-12-N-C 1/2” NPT 8 0 8 40 40
8 side conn. FM8-13-N-C 3/4” NPT 8 0 8 40 42
Outlet
Connection 8 side/4 front conn. FM12-12-N-C 1/2” NPT 8 4 12 40 46
8 side/4 front conn. FM12-13-N-C 3/4” NPT 8 4 12 40 48
12 side conn. FM12A-12-N-C 1/2” NPT 12 0 12 56 56
2”
6” 12 side conn. FM12A-13-N-C 3/4” NPT 12 0 12 56 58
A Steam Distribution (D) Manifolds
Inlet
Conn. 4 side conn. FM4-12-N-D 1/2” NPT 4 0 4 24 25
8” Typ. 4 side conn. FM4-13-N-D 3/4” NPT 4 0 4 24 27
4” Typ. 4 side/2 front conn. FM6-12-N-D 1/2” NPT 4 2 6 24 27
4 side/2 front conn. FM6-13-N-D 3/4” NPT 4 2 6 24 29
8 side conn. FM8-12-N-D 1/2” NPT 8 0 8 40 40
8 side conn. FM8-13-N-D 3/4” NPT 8 0 8 40 42
3/4” Siphon Pipe 8 side/4 front conn. FM12-12-N-D 1/2” NPT 8 4 12 40 46
Diameter 16”
B 8 side/4 front conn. FM12-13-N-D 3/4” NPT 8 4 12 40 48
12 side conn. FM12A-12-N-D 1/2” NPT 12 0 12 56 56
12 side conn. FM12A-13-N-D 3/4” NPT 12 0 12 56 58
Connection Codes: N = NPT, SW = Socket Weld
For Socket Weld Connectionss: change N in Model code to SW. Example: FM4-12-SW-C

21/2”
Tube Diameter

Pipe Cap
M AT E R I A L S – F M
Body Fabricated Carbon Steel
Drain Connection

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STEAM TRAPS
Steam Traps FSM Series
Steel Manifolds Manifolds
Forged Steel

DIMENSIONS & WEIGHTS – inches

No. of No. of Weight
Model L H D C O I S S1 S2 A A1 B B1 Valves Holes (lbs)
FSM-4 4.33" 1.61" 3.94" 8.97" 10.63" 6.30" 13.03" - - 2.79" 1.22" 3.23" 2.79" 4 2 (M12) 23
FSM-8 4.33" 1.61" 3.94" 8.97" 10.63" 6.30" - 28.1" 2.79" 1.22" 3.23" 2.79" 8 4 (M12) 49
FSM-12 4.33" 1.61" 3.94" 8.97" 10.63" 6.30" - - 36.22" 2.79" 1.22" 3.23" 2.79" 12 6 (M12) 72

OPEN
O
I D
TYP. TYP. C
CLOSED

B
B1
A1

H A

M12 Thread L
S
(FSM-4) MTG. Holes
S1
(FSM-8) 1/2” SW
S2 Conn.
(FSM-12)
11/2” SW
Connection

Model Connection # of C A PA C I T I E S
Description Code Size Type Branches Pressure Condensate Steam
(PSIG) (lbs/hr) 1 (lbs/hr) 2
Condensate Collection (C) Manifolds
25 1850 160
4 Branches/4 Valves FSM4-12-N-C 1/2” NPT 4 50 1000 310
4 Branches/4 Valves FSM4-13-N-C 3/4” NPT 4 75 840 460
8 Branches/8 Valves FSM8-12-N-C 1/2” NPT 8 100 610 730
125 660 760
8 Branches/8 Valves FSM8-13-N-C 3/4” NPT 8
150 620 900
12 Branches/12 Valves FSM12-12-N-C 1/2” NPT 12
200 570 1200
12 Branches/12 Valves FSM12-13-N-C 3/4” NPT 12 250 535 1500
Steam Distribution (D) Manifolds 300 510 1800
4 Branches/4 Valves FSM4-12-N-D 1/2” NPT 4 400 470 2350
4 Branches/4 Valves FSM4-13-N-D 3/4” NPT 4 500 460 3000
600 440 3550
8 Branches/8 Valves FSM8-12-N-D 1/2” NPT 8
1
Saturated condensate discharging into 20 PSI back pressure
8 Branches/8 Valves FSM8-13-N-D 3/4” NPT 8 2
Saturated Steam flow @ 5000 ft/min velocity
12 Branches/12 Valves FSM12-12-N-D 1/2” NPT 12
12 Branches/12 Valves FSM12-13-N-D 3/4” NPT 12
Connection Codes: N = NPT, SW = Socket Weld M AT E R I A L S – F S M
For Socket Weld Connectionss: change N in Model code to SW. Body Forged Steel, A105
Example: FSM4-12-SW-C Hand Wheel Sheet Metal
Bonnet Forged Steel, A105
Valve ring above Graphite
Valve ring below Graphite/Stainless Steel
Piston Stainless Steel, A304

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