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5G RAN Architecture and Technologies Guide

5G is the fifth generation of wireless communication offering high speeds, ultra-low latency, and massive connectivity for applications like 4K streaming and autonomous vehicles. Its architecture consists of Radio Units (RU), Distributed Units (DU), and Central Units (CU), with various interfaces facilitating communication between components. Future advancements include open RAN, network slicing, and the evolution towards 6G for even more advanced applications.

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15 views2 pages

5G RAN Architecture and Technologies Guide

5G is the fifth generation of wireless communication offering high speeds, ultra-low latency, and massive connectivity for applications like 4K streaming and autonomous vehicles. Its architecture consists of Radio Units (RU), Distributed Units (DU), and Central Units (CU), with various interfaces facilitating communication between components. Future advancements include open RAN, network slicing, and the evolution towards 6G for even more advanced applications.

Uploaded by

muralikrishna58494
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© © All Rights Reserved
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5G RAN Architecture, Protocols, Interfaces, RF Basics & Next-Gen Technologies

1. What is 5G?

- 5G is the fifth generation of wireless communication with higher speed (up to 10 Gbps), ultra-low latency,

and supports massive connectivity.

- Practical: 4K streaming, autonomous cars, smart cities, remote surgery.

2. 5G RAN Architecture:

- Components: RU (radio), DU (real-time control), CU (central logic).

- Analogy: RU = delivery truck, DU = traffic controller, CU = manager.

- Practical: DU on streetlights, CU in data centers.

3. 5G Interfaces:

- F1 (CU<->DU): control and data communication.

- NG (gNB<->Core): connects RAN to internet.

- Xn (gNB<->gNB): handovers between towers.

4. RF Basics in 5G:

- Frequency: Sub-6GHz (long range), mmWave (high speed, short range).

- MIMO: multiple antennas increase speed.

- Beamforming: signal directed to users.

- TDD: same frequency used for both upload/download.

5. 5G Protocol Stack:

- User Plane: PDCP (compression), RLC, MAC, PHY.

- Control Plane: RRC (radio connection), NG-AP, NAS.


6. Next Evolution in Wireless:

- O-RAN: open RAN architecture, vendor-independent.

- MEC: runs apps close to users, low latency.

- Network Slicing: multiple virtual networks for hospitals, gaming, etc.

- AI in RAN: intelligent traffic management.

- 6G: future evolution for real-time holograms, 100 Gbps.

7. Real-World Examples:

- Smart hospital: slicing + beamforming.

- Autonomous cars: edge + URLLC.

- Factory robots: low latency DU.

- Gaming: mmWave + MIMO.

- Drones in farming: edge + RF.

Summary:

- RAN = RU, DU, CU (radio, control, management)

- Protocols = data rules (PDCP, RRC)

- Interfaces = paths (F1, NG)

- RF = air interface (MIMO, beamforming)

- Next-gen = slicing, AI, open RAN, 6G

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