MMF Simulation

Name Abhiram Pashankar

SUMMARY
This report presents the design and simulation of Multimode Fibers (MMF) using COMSOL Multiphysics.
The aim was to analyze the fiber’s modal behavior by studying the propagation of multiple modes
through a larger core.

A 2D axisymmetric model was built using the Wave Optics Module to simulate step-index and graded-
index profiles. The model solved Maxwell's equations to visualize electric field distributions, mode shapes,
and calculate effective refractive indices.

Results showed the impact of core diameter and refractive index on the number of supported modes. The
study also included 2D plots of meridional and skew waves, along with mode field diameters and
intermodal dispersion, highlighting how these affect bandwidth.

The simulation underlined the value of COMSOL for optimizing MMF designs in short-distance high-
speed communication systems.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Subject Teacher: Dr. Ranjan Bala Jain

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Contents
1. Global Definitions ........................................................................................................................... 3
1.1. Parameters ................................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2. Shared Properties......................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2. Component 1 .................................................................................................................................. 4
2.1. Definitions ....................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.2. Geometry 1 .................................................................................................................................................................. 4
2.3. Materials ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.4. Electromagnetic Waves, Frequency Domain .................................................................................................. 6
2.5. Mesh 1 ........................................................................................................................................................................... 8
3. Study 1............................................................................................................................................. 9
3.1. Mode Analysis ............................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.2. Solver Configurations ................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4. Study 2................................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1. Mode Analysis ............................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2. Solver Configurations ................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
5. Study 3................................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.1. Mode Analysis ............................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.2. Solver Configurations ................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
6. Study 4................................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.1. Mode Analysis ............................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.2. Solver Configurations ................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
7. Study 5................................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.1. Mode Analysis ............................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.2. Solver Configurations ................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
8. Results ........................................................................................................................................... 10
8.1. Datasets ...................................................................................................................................................................... 10
8.2. Tables ........................................................................................................................................................................... 11
8.3. Plot Groups ................................................................................................................................................................ 12

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1 Global Definitions
Date Apr 15, 2025, 3:47:43 PM

GLOBAL SETTINGS
Name Untitled.mph
Version COMSOL Multiphysics 6.2 (Build: 290)
Unit system SI

USED PRODUCTS
Wave Optics Module
COMSOL Multiphysics

COMPUTER INFORMATION
CPU AMD64 Family 23 Model 104 Stepping 1, 12 cores, 15.34 GB RAM
Operating system Windows 11

1.1 PARAMETERS
PARAMETERS 1
Name Expression Value Description
n1 1.48 + 0.42 1.9 Core RI
n2 1.44 1.44 Cladding RI
r1 25[um] 2.5E−5 m Core radius
r2 62.5[um] 6.25E−5 m Cladding radius
PLM 65[um] 6.5E−5 m PLM

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2 Component 1

2.1 GEOMETRY 1

Geometry 1

UNITS
Length unit m
Angular unit deg

2.1.1 Core (c1)

2.1.2 Cladding (c2)

2.1.3 PLM (c3)

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2.2 MATERIALS

2.2.1 Material 1

Material 1

REFRACTIVE INDEX
Description Value
Refractive index, real part n1
Refractive index, imaginary part 0

2.2.2 Material 2

Material 2
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REFRACTIVE INDEX
Description Value
Refractive index, real part n2
Refractive index, imaginary part 0

2.3 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES, FREQUENCY DOMAIN

Electromagnetic Waves, Frequency Domain

EQUATIONS

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2.3.1 Perfect Electric Conductor 1

Perfect Electric Conductor 1

SELECTION
Geometric entity level Boundary
Selection Geometry geom1: Dimension 1: All boundaries

EQUATIONS

2.3.2 Scattering Boundary Condition 1

Scattering Boundary Condition 1

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EQUATIONS

2.4 MESH 1

Mesh 1

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3 Study 1
STUDY SETTINGS
Description Value
Transform Effective mode index
Mode analysis frequency c_const/1.55[um]
Desired number of modes 11
Desired number of modes On
Unit
Search for modes around shift n1
Search for modes around shift On

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4 Results

4.1 DATASETS

4.1.1 Study 1/Solution 1

Dataset: Study 1/Solution 1

4.1.2 Cut Line 2D 1

LINE DATA
Description Value
Line entry method Point and direction
Point {0, 0}
Direction {0, 1}

ADVANCED
Description Value

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 Description Value
Space variable cln1x
Normal variables {cln1nx, cln1ny}
Tangent variables {cln1tx, cln1ty}

Dataset: Cut Line 2D 1

4.2 TABLES

4.2.1 Evaluation 2D
Interactive 2D values

x y Value
-5.2659E-5 -2.4655E-5 5.2407E-6

4.2.2 Cutoff Points

Arc length (m) Electric field norm (V/m) Width Q-factor Damping ratio
4.6642E-5 518.87 3.6696E-5 1.7752 0.28166
8.3337E-5 518.87 3.6696E-5 1.7752 0.28166

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4.3 PLOT GROUPS

4.3.1 Electric Field (ewfd)

Surface: Electric field norm (V/m) Surface: Electric field norm (V/m) Arrow Surface: Magnetic field

4.3.2 Electric Field (ewfd) 1

Surface: Electric field norm (V/m) Arrow Surface: Magnetic field Arrow Surface: Magnetic field Surface:
Electric field norm (V/m)

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4.3.3 1D Plot Group 3

Line Graph: Electric field norm (V/m)

4.3.4 Electric Field (ewfd) 2

Surface: Electric field norm (V/m) Arrow Surface: Magnetic field

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4.3.5 Electric Field (ewfd) 3

Surface: Electric field norm (V/m) Arrow Surface: Magnetic field

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