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DEP 31.22.20.31-Gen. February 2011
Spec. Description with Remark
No. Point Numbers
PRESSURE VESSELS (BASE ON ASME SECTION VIII)

2.1 SELECTION OF DIVISION 1 OR DIVISION 2

The selection of Division 1 or Division 2 shall be based on both design and economic considerations.

If either of the following conditions apply, the vessels should be constructed in accordance
with Division 2, unless otherwise specified by the Principal, see also (2.1.2):
· Pressure vessels operating in cyclic service, pressure ‑ or temperature ‑induced
· Pressure vessels which operate in the creep range of the materials of construction
· If either of the following conditions apply, the vessels shall be constructed
in accordance with Division 2, unless otherwise approved by the Principal:
· Pressure vessels with a nominal wall thickness greater than 38 mm (1½ in)
· Pressure vessels with a design pressure of 10 MPa (1500 psi) or higher

Division 1 may be selected if all other additional requirements as specified by the Principal and/or as
indicated on the data sheet or User’s Design Specification are met.
Additional requirements may include, but are not limited to the following:
a) Additional calculations required for all or certain construction details
b) Application of hydraulic bolt tensioning with specified values
c) PMI of materials, additional testing of the materials, and/or limitations on origin of material
d) Additional welding procedure requirements
e) Additional Third party inspection requirements

2.1.2 Division 1 may be selected if all other additional requirements as specified by the Principal
and/or as indicated on the data sheet or User’s Design Specification are met. Additional
requirements may include, but are not limited to the following:
a) Additional calculations required for all or certain construction details
b) Application of hydraulic bolt tensioning with specified values
c) PMI of materials, additional testing of the materials, and/or limitations on origin of
material
d) Additional welding procedure requirements
e) Additional Third party inspection requirements

2.2.2 pressure vessel in manufacturer's standard category shall :

a) be fabricated from carbon steel, 304/304L austenitic stainless steel or 316/316L
austenitic stainless steel;
b) have a design temperature not exceeding 260°C (500°F) for carbon steel
c) have a design temperature not exceeding 400°C (750°F) for austenitic stainless steel
d) be selected only for non-corrosive services or a services for which the corrosion
allowances shown in Table 2 are not exceeded; YES
e) not be selected for cyclic service, see (4.7.1);
f) not be selected if they require mitigation of wind-induced vibration as specified in
(4.6.2);
g) not be selected if they require PWHT
h) not be selected if they are to be of clad or weld-overlay construction
2.2.3 Pressure Vessels for Minimum Service
a) be fabricated from carbon steel or solid 300 series austenitic stainless steel
b) have a design pressure not exceeding 3.5 MPa (500 psi)
c) have a design temperature not exceeding 260°C (500°F) for carbon steel
d) have a design temperature not exceeding 400°C (750°F) for austenitic stainless YES
steel
e) have a Minimum Design Metal Temperature (MDMT) not below –29°C (–20°F)
f) not be selected if they require PWHT for either code or process requirements

2.2.4 Pressure Vessels for General Service

• shall be fabricated from carbon steel, low alloy material, solid 300 series austenitic
stainless steel, or clad with any material
• may be in a service with a corrosion rate exceeding the limits for Minimum Service YES
pressure vessels
• have a nominal wall thickness not exceeding 75 mm (3 in)

2.2.5 Engineered Pressure Vessels

• The requirements of (2.1.2) are met; and
YES
• The use of Division 1 provides a clear advantage in terms of installed cost or
schedule.

3 MATERIALS AND CORROSION ALLOWANCE

3.6.1.1 The minimum corrosion allowance for pressure containing components shall be in
accordance
with Table 2.

YES
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PVT. LTD PAGE NO. 2 OF 5
DEP 31.22.20.31-Gen. February 2011
Spec. Description with Remark
No. Point Numbers
4 DESIGN
4.1.1 The minimum thickness of carbon steel and low alloy pressure vessels (including corrosion
allowance but excluding the thickness of cladding) shall be the greater of the following:
a) 6mm (1/4 in)
b) D/650 + 1.8 mm YES
D is the mean pressure vessel diameter, expressed in millimeters (inches)
4.1.2 The
or 3 minimum thickness of all high alloy pressure vessels shall be no less than the greater
mm (1/8 in) or the value as calculated in accordance with Part II, section (4.1.1 b or c).

4.3 DESIGN PRESSURE

4.3.1.2 The MAWP shall be calculated for all pressure vessels and the MAWP shall be included
along with the Design Pressure on the vessel nameplate YES
4.3.1.3 Pressure vessels shall not have their MAWP limited by nozzles or flanges.

4.10 FORMED HEADS

4.10.1 Unless otherwise specified by Owner/PMC, heads shall be ellipsoidal.

4.10.2 Torispherical heads shall not be used in the following situations for pressure vessels
constructed to Division 1:
a) Design pressure of 525 kPa (75 psi) or greater
YES
b) Operating temperatures of 345 °C (650 °F) or greater
c) Bottom heads of vertical pressure vessels supported by a skirt
d) Pressure vessel diameters greater than 2.4 m (8 ft)
e) Pressure vessels in cyclic service
f) Top heads with mounted agitators

4.11 FLAT HEADS

4.11.1 Unless otherwise specified by Owner/PMC, flat heads shall be attached by full
penetration
welds, or by bolting.
YES

4.11.2 Flat heads secured by retaining rings or similar methods shall not be used.

4.12 NOZZLES, CONNECTIONS AND OPENINGS

4.12.3 Nozzle necks SHALL [PS] be a minimum thickness of Schedule Standard Pipe plus
corrosion allowance with the following exceptions:
a) Carbon steel or low alloy nozzles DN 80 (NPS 3) or less SHALL [PS] be minimum
schedule 160 when the operating temperature of the vessel is between 0°C (32°F)
and 175°C (350°F) and when the vessel and nozzle are externally insulated. YES
However, this requirement may be waived to use Schedule Standard Pipe plus
corrosion allowance when the vessel and nozzle have Thermal Spray Aluminium
(TSA) under-insulation coating applied in accordance with DEP 30.48.40.31-Gen.
b) Austenitic stainless steel or other high alloy nozzles DN 80 (NPS 3) or less shall be
minimum

4.12.4 Nozzle
DN 125 sizes
(NPS of
5 DN 32 (NPS 1¼), DN 65 (NPS 2 1/2 , DN 90 (NPS 3 1/2) and YES
in) shall not be used.
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Spec. Description with Remark
No. Point Numbers

4.12.7 Flange boltholes shall straddle the normal centerlines of the pressure vessel. YES

4.12.11 Nozzles shall be attached with through wall (set in), full penetration welded connections,
except, that set on connections may be used if:
a) The pressure vessel shell or head thickness is not less than 50 mm (2 in); and
b) The nozzle thickness is less than 1/2 of the shell thickness; and
c) The plate material meets the requirements of ASTM A 770 S3 with a minimum area
reduction of 35%; and NO
d) 100 % UT examination shall be performed on a 100 mm (4 in) wide band around the Instead of 100% UT,
nozzle opening before the attachment of the nozzle meeting the requirements of SA 578 LPT will be provided
Acceptance Level B; and
e) The pressure vessel is not in hydrogen service above 230 °C (445 °F) or the nozzle is
attached to the header box of an air cooled heat exchanger in any service.
f) The edge of the opening in the vessel wall or head shall be receive MT examination for
ferro—magnetic materials and PT examination for nonferro magnetic materials

4.12.12 Nozzle reinforcement shall not limit the MAWP of the pressure vessel. YES

4.12.13 When reinforcing elements are required, the following requirements shall be met:
a) The reinforcing element thickness shall not exceed the greater of 50 mm (2 in) or the
nominal thickness of the shell at the location of the opening.
b) The reinforcing element shall be installed parallel to the shell and normal to the nozzle.
c) Reinforcing elements shall have a 6 mm (1/4 in) telltale hole packed with grease YES
following the hydrotest. When multi segmental reinforcing elements are used, each piece
shall have a telltale hole.
d) Reinforcing elements shall not be used above 4000 C (7500 F) with P1, P3, P4 or P5
materials or above 4800 C ( 9000 F) with P8 material.
e) Reinforcing elements shall not be used in hydrogen service above 230 °C (450 °F) or in
other services above 400 °C (750 °F).
f) If pressure vessels are in cyclic or creep service, an analysis shall be made to determine
whether to use reinforcing elements or integrally reinforced nozzles.

4.15.2 Lifting lugs shall be attached to a pad with a full penetration weld. The pad shall be welded to
YES
the pressure boundary of the pressure vessel.

4.15.5 Lifting lugs and trunnions shall be designed for a total load of 1.5 times the lifted weight of the
YES
pressure vessel.

4.16 WELD JOINT DESIGN

4.16.1 Type 1 shall be used for Categories A and B, and shall be considered for Categories C and D. YES- For A & B
The minimum joint efficiency shall be 0.85. For C & D- As per Enpro Standard

4.16.7 Type 7 with full penetration weld shall be used for Categories C and D. Partial penetration NO
and/or fillet
approved bywelds in accordance with Division 1 are not permitted unless normal fillet joint without
Owner/PMC. penetration

5.3 POST WELD HEAT TREATMENT

5.3.1 Heat treatment shall be in accordance with the Code. YES

 DOC.NO.:
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DEP 31.22.20.31-Gen. February 2011
Spec. Description with Remark
No. Point Numbers

6.3 RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

6.3.1.1 All welds shall be examined by radiography (RT) in accordance with the requirements of the
Division to which the pressure vessel is constructed. The minimum extent of radiography
YES
required for each weld category and type related to a material class shall be in accordance with
the joint efficiency selected.

Ultrasonic examination (UT) in lieu of RT for category A or B welds is preferred for most
NO
materials. UT in lieu of RT shall be performed on materials with thickness greater than 50 mm RT will be provided
(2 in).

6.3.1.2 All welds in any part, regardless of material, thickness or service, shall be 100 % radiographed
before the part is subjected to severe working (ratio of thickness to local radius greater than YES
5 %). See also Part II, section (6.4.1.3).

6.3.1.3 Heads that are fabricated from more than one piece shall have all welds 100 % radiographed
YES
prior to forming.

6.4 ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION

6.4.1.1 All welds may be examined by ultrasonic examination (UT) in lieu of RT unless prohibited by
Code or stated otherwise on the pressure vessel data sheet. UT examination shall be in
NO
accordance with the RT requirements of the Division to which the pressure vessel is RT will be provided
constructed. The minimum extent of examination required for each weld category and type
related to a material class shall be in accordance with the joint efficiency selected.

6.5 LIQUID PENETRANT EXAMINATION

6.5.1.1 All welds in any part constructed from austenitic stainless steel or nonferrous material shall be
examined by Liquid Penetrant (PT) in accordance with the requirements of the Division to
YES
which the pressure vessel is constructed; however, in no case shall the extent of PT
examination be less than 10 %.

6.9 PRESSURE TESTING

6.9.1.2 The minimum temperature of the fluid used for hydrostatic test shall be 17 °C (30 °F) above the
MDMT of the pressure vessel, unless otherwise approved by Owner/PMC. Before application
YES
of test pressure, the test fluid and pressure vessel material shall be allowed to equalize to
approximately the same temperature. Metal temperature shall be verified as above MDMT

6.9.1.3 Test pressure shall be determined in accordance with the Division used for construction
except Maximum Allowable Pressure (MAP) shall be used in lieu of MAWP. The vessel YES
shall be held at full test pressure (+ 1.0 %) for at least 15 minutes.

6.10.1 All reinforcing pads shall be pneumatically tested at a gauge pressure of 150 kPa (25 psi). YES
 DOC.NO.:
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DEP 31.22.20.31-Gen. February 2011
Spec. Description with Remark
No. Point Numbers
ANNEX I -MANUFACTURERS' STANDARD PRESSURE VESSELS

I.2.2.1 This Annex applies only to Manufacturer’s Standard Pressure Vessels.

I.2.2.2 The characteristics of section 2.2.2 shall apply.

I.2.2.3 Part II, section 2.2.3 is not applicable to this Annex.

I.2.2.4 Part II, section 2.2.4 is not applicable to this Annex.

I.2.2.5 Part II, section 2.2.5 is not applicable to this Annex.

I.3 MATERIALS AND CORROSION ALLOWANCE

I.3.1.7 Material is limited to carbon steel or 304/304L or 316/316L grade austenitic stainless steel only. YES

I.3.1.9 ERW pipe is permitted for use if specified by the Manufacturer/Supplier YES

I.3.6.1 Contractor shall ensure that Manufacturer’s Standard Pressure Vessels are selected with a
pressure retaining thickness that provides a general corrosion allowance of no less than 1.5 YES
mm (1/16 in) for all carbon steel pressure retaining components.

I.4.12 Nozzles, connections and openings shall be selected in accordance with Seller’s Standard
design details and the Code. Contractor shall ensure that all design details are appropriate for YES
the service requirements.

I.4.12.1 Screwed and socket weld end connections are not permitted unless approved or specified
YES
by the Principal.

I.4.15.1 Lifting lugs shall be in accordance with Seller’s Standard design details and the Code. YES

I.4.15.2 Lifting lugs or trunnions may be welded directly to the pressure containing shell provided the
YES
material meets the requirements of I.3.1.2.

I.6.3.1.5 RT shall
(i.e. Jointbe carried out as required per clause No .3 unless specifically waived by YES
Efficiency of 0.70 is permitted) Owner/PMC.

I.6.4 UT is not required by this Annex.

I.6.5. RT may be waived (i.e. Joint Efficiency of 0.70 is permitted) if approved by the Principal, YES

I.6.9.1.3 Test pressure shall be in accordance with Seller’s Standard design details and the Code. YES
 DOC.NO.:
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DEP 31.21.01.30-Gen. February 2014
Spec. Description with Remark
No. Point Numbers

ASME Section VIII, Division 1 shall be applied for all heat exchangers unless approved
otherwise by the Principal.

4.2 Heat-exchanger construction shall conform to TEMA (latest edition), Class R, unless
otherwise specified on the data/requisition sheet. The Recommended Good Practice YES
section of TEMA shall also be applied, where applicable.

7 The design temperature for both shell and tube side shall be provided on the
data/requisition sheet by the Contractor. However, after the maximum allowable working YES
pressure is established

7.1.6 Where a differential design pressure between the tube side and shell side is specified on
the data/requisition sheet, a warning sign, stating the maximum differential design pressure
YES
and the maximum differential test pressure, shall be located next to the nameplate. The use
of differential design pressure shall not be applied, unless approved by the Principal.

7.2.2 Weld overlays applied for corrosion protection shall have sufficient thickness to provide the
specified chemical composition to a depth of at least 2.5 mm (3/32 in), unless otherwise
specified on the data/requisition sheet.

The minimum cladding (or weld overlay) thickness at the tube side tubesheet face shall not
be less than 6 mm (1/4 in) to permit welding of the tube ends to the tubesheet cladding YES

When the shell side face of a tubesheet is specified with cladding (or weld overlay) the
thickness of the cladding shall not be less than 10 mm (3/8 in). Rolling shall extend to within
3 mm (1/8 in) of the shell side clad or weld overlay face to provide a seal between the tubes
and the cladding or weld overlay.

7.3.1 For stacked exchangers the fixed shell support and anchor bolts of the lower exchanger
shall be designed to withstand the longitudinal force applied at the centreline of the upper YES
heat exchanger bundle.

7.3.2 Saddles shall protrude beyond the bottom nozzles, including the drain nozzle with
blind flange, by at least 50 mm (2 in) to prevent damage to flange facings during YES
transport, storage and maintenance.

7.3.3 The saddle of the lower exchanger shall be configured as shown in Figure 1 below when
the lower shell has a nominal diameter of 1000 mm (40 in) or greater. The outer gusset ribs
YES
shall extend at least 50 mm (2 in) beyond the outside diameter of lower shell. Exchanger
shells shall not be stacked in combinations of more than two (2), unless approved by the
Principal.

7.3.6 Flange bolting on connections between stacked shells shall be removable from one side of
YES
the flange without removing the upper shell.

7.4.2 Pass partition plates (in both stationary heads and the floating heads) shall be designed,
per TEMA paragraph RCB-9.132, without corrosion allowance, to accommodate at least
three (3) times the maximum calculated clean pressure differential across each pass
partition plate. NO
In no case shall the minimum thickness be less than the value specified in TEMA As per Enpro Standard
paragraph RCB-9.131. The use of rods, bars, etc. to stiffen pass partition plates is
acceptable. Calculations of the maximum allowable differential pressure across the pass
partition plate shall be submitted with the mechanical design calculations.

7.4.4 When an axial nozzle is used on stationary heads, the minimum distance from the
intersection of the nozzle centreline and the head, to the tubesheet shall be equal to (0.6) x NO
(inside bonnet [or channel] radius - inside nozzle radius). This supersedes TEMA As per Enpro Standard
RCB 9-12.
 Floating head
7.5.6 Floating heads shall be through-bolted. Use of bolts which are threaded into tapped holes
YES
in the floating tubesheet is not permitted.

7.5.7 Divided floating heads shall not be used. YES

7.5.8 The backing ring for split ring floating heads shall conform to TEMA Figure RCB 5.141,
YES
style A.

Tube bundle
7.6.1.1 15.9 mm (5/8 in) outside tube diameter may be used only when approved by the Principal.

7.6.1.2

YES

7.6.1.3 the mean radius of U-bends shall not be less than 75 mm (3 in) for tubes
of an outside diameter less than 25.4 mm (1 in) or two (2) times the nominal outside
diameter of the tube for tube diameters greater than or equal to 25.4 mm (1 in).

Where titanium U-tubes are specified, the minimum bend radius shall be two times the
nominal outside tube diameter for tube diameters less than 25.4 mm (1 in), and 3.3 times
the nominal tube diameter for tube diameters greater than or equal to 25.4 mm (1 in),
unless a larger bend radius is required for mechanical cleaning.
YES
Where standard duplex stainless steel (e.g., S31803 or S32205) U-tubes are specified,
regardless of the need for mechanical cleaning, the minimum bend radius shall not be less
than 3.3 times the nominal outside diameter of the tube for all tube diameters.

Where super duplex stainless steel (e.g., S32750) is used, U-tubes may be provided with a
minimum bend radius of two times the nominal outside diameter of the tube regardless of
service and tube diameter
 Tubesheets

7.6.2.4 Single or two-piece collar type studs shall be supplied for 25 % of the bolt holes in the
stationary tubesheet in order to maintain the gasket in its position during the removal of the
bonnet. The extended portion of the tubesheet shall be designed for hydrotesting of the
YES
shellside or tubeside independently, with the respective bonnet or shell removed, and with
the full complement of bolting installed. Removable bundle units with ‘A’ type heads need
not have full diameter tubesheets

7.6.2.6 Stationary tubesheets for removable bundles with bonnet stationary heads shall be
YES
through-bolted. The holes shall not be threaded.

7.6.3.1 For titanium tubes, the baffle/support plates shall have a thickness in accordance with
YES
TEMA; however, the minimum thickness shall not be less than 5 mm (3/16 in).

7.6.3.11 When positioning tie rods/spacers in bundles with no tubes in window baffles, the maximum
unsupported span of tie-rods in the window area shall not exceed 80 % of the maximum
YES
values in TEMA Table RCB-4.52 based on tie-rod diameter. This may require a continuous
ring to be provided on the baffles/intermediate supports

7.6.4.9 Impingement rods shall be used when the inlet baffle spacing is 10 % or more of the NO
effective tube length and the shell side fluid heat transfer resistance is equal to or greater Will be provided as
per TEMA
than 35 % of the total resistance

7.6.4.10 The length and width of impingement rod array (based on the centreline of the
outermost rods) shall be at least 50 mm (2 in.) or 20 % larger than the inside
diameter of the inlet nozzle, whichever is greater.

YES

7.6.7 Tube-to-tubesheet joint

The tube-to-tubesheet joint shall be expanded only, unless otherwise specified or approved
by the Contractor. When welded joints are specified, the joint shall be made by one of the
following methods:
a) strength-welded only; YES
b) strength-welded and expanded.
A seal-welded and expanded tube joint may only be used for replacement heat exchangers
or replacement tube bundles when specified by the Contractor
7.6.8 Tube pitch and layout

7.6.8.1 There shall be at least two (2) tube rows per pass.

YES

7.6.10 Tie rods and spacers

Tie rods and spacers shall be in accordance with Table 5. The tie rods and spacers shall be
evenly distributed around the circumference of the baffles. Additional tie rods may be
required near the centre of the bundle

YES

7.7.3 The minimum nozzle size, including vents, drains and all other auxiliary connections shall
be DN 40 (NPS 1½). In addition the following requirements apply

YES

NOTES: 1. If a vent or drain connection will be used as cleaning connection the minimum connection
size shall be DN 50 (2 NPS).
2. All vent and drain connections shall be flanged and provided with a permanent blind flange, with
the full complement of bolting and service gaskets installed, unless otherwise noted in the
data/requisition sheets.
3. Vents and drains shall not be provided on any intermediate nozzle between stacked exchangers in
series.

7.7.14 Nozzle necks shall be seamless pipe with flange bore matching the pipe bore. For nozzle
necks greater than DN 600 (NPS 24), rolled plate may be substituted provided that the YES
longitudinal seam is subjected to 100 % radiography.

7.7.17 Vents and drains with blind flanges shall be provided at the highest and lowest points on
both channel and shell side, if complete venting and draining cannot be accomplished YES
through the inlet or outlet nozzles.

7.7.18 The interconnecting nozzles of stacked exchangers shall be located to limit the distance
between the shell and tubeside nozzles. When the tube side interconnecting nozzles are at
NO
the front end, the shell side connections of E-shells shall be located adjacent to the As per Enpro standard
stationary tubesheet. Other arrangements (such as G and J shells) shall be investigated for
the resultant stress due to differential axial thermal growth between shells.
 7.8 Flanged external girth joints
7.8.2 Flanges for external girth joints shall be of the forged welding neck type. Forged slip-on
YES
flanges shall not be used unless approved by the Principal.

7.8.3 Nubbins are not permitted on flanges for any gasket type. In addition, the alternate tongue
YES
and groove joint arrangement shown in TEMA Figure F-3 shall not be used.

7.8.4 The clearance between flanges, or flange and tubesheet after assembly, shall not be less NO
than 4.8 mm (3/16 in) at the periphery of the flanged joint. As actual

7.8.12 Flanged joint design

Flange design requirements and additional calculations required to verify the gasket and
bolt stresses at the design pressure are provided below. These procedures shall be used
whenever A 193-B7, B7M, L7, L7M or B16 bolting material is utilized. If other bolting
materials are specified, the Principal shall be consulted for guidance.

7.8.12.1 The Supplier shall design all external girth flanges and floating head flanges to
ASME Section VIII, Division 1, Appendix 2. The design stress values used for calculating all
external girth flanges, floating head flanges, channel covers, and tubesheets extended as NO
flanges shall be 88 % of the allowable stress in ASME Section II, Part D, Table 1A. We will follow ASME
SEC-VIII DIV-1

7.8.12.2 Application of the ASME Code flange rigidity index calculation, based on design pressure
and not MAWP, shall be utilized for all external girth flanges and floating head flanges. The
rigidity index shall not exceed 1.0, with the following exceptions:
• For flanges on shells with greater than 610 mm (24 in) nominal diameters and
design pressures less than 2070 kPag (300 psig), the rigidity index shall not exceed
0.7.
• For hydrogen service, the rigidity index shall not exceed 0.7.

7.8.12.3 Where serrated or grooved metal gaskets with graphite, PTFE, or other non-asbestos
NO
facing are used, the value of m shall not be less than 3.75 and the value of y shall not be As actual
less than 52.4 MPa (7600 psi).

7.8.12.4 The gasket pass partition rib area shall be added to the peripheral gasket area for the
YES
purposes of determining the required bolt loads (e.g., Wm1 and Wm2 in ASME).

7.8.12.6 Upon completion of the flange design, the Vendor shall determine the target assembly bolt
stress and gasket seating stresses in accordance with the procedure specified in
ASME PCC-1-2010, Appendix O. For the purposes of applying Appendix O, the following
shall be applied:
a) The minimum and maximum permissible bolt stress values shall be in accordance
with Table 8;
b) The minimum gasket seating stress, the minimum gasket operating stress, and the
maximum permissible gasket stress shall be in accordance with Table 9;
c) Gasket relaxation fraction shall be 0.7, unless otherwise specified;
d) Calculations shall be based on the full contact width of the gasket at the design
pressure. One-half of the gasket pass partition rib area shall also be included in this
calculation.
e) The maximum flange stress and flange rotation ASME PCC-1-2010 equations 4
and 8) need not be considered unless specified by the Principal.

NO
As per Enpro standard
 7.9 Expansion joints
7.9.1 Where an external expansion joint is required on the shell of a fixed tubesheet exchanger, it
shall be the flanged and flued type with the same materials as the shell. Flanged and flued
expansion joints shall comply with the requirements of TEMA, ASME Code Section VIII,
Div.1, UHX-17 and Appendix 5. YES

The exchanger design and placement of the expansion joint shall be such that it is located
at the smaller nozzle and/or the cold end of the heat exchanger.

7.10.1 Metal-reinforced exfoliated graphite sheet gaskets may be used in cooling water, and other NO
non-hydrocarbon, non-hazardous services, where the design pressure does not exceed As per Enpro std sheet
gasket will be used
2050 kPag (300 psig).

Solid metal gaskets shall not be used, except where self-energizing sealing rings with
clamp connectors, welded lip-seal type, or welded diaphragm type gaskets are specified on
the data/requisition sheet.
The minimum width and thickness of the peripheral ring portion of approved gasket types
shall be in accordance with Table 10.

YES

NOTES: 1. Spiral-wound gaskets used on flanged external girth joints or floating heads shall be
provided with an inner ring. An outer (centering) ring is not required when the flange is recessed to
provide confinement on the OD of the gasket. Spiral wound gaskets shall not be used when the
nominal diameter is 1500 mm (60 in) or larger.
2. For shell diameters above 1000 mm (40 in), the minimum width and thickness of serrated metal
gaskets shall be 16 mm (5/8 in) and 4 mm (5/32 in).

7.10.2 The minimum width of all pass partition groove gaskets shall be 10 mm (3/8 in). YES

7.10.10 Unless otherwise specified on the data/requisition sheet, gaskets for permanently blinded
NO
nozzles such as vents and drains, manways, and interconnecting nozzles of stacked As per Enpro standard
exchangers, shall be spiral wound, graphite-filled, with centering and inner rings.

7.11 Handling devices

A minimum of three (3) jack bolts shall be provided in girth flanges and tubesheets. YES

8.2 Gaskets

Unless otherwise specified, material for spiral wound, serrated metal, gaskets shall be 304
or 316 grade stainless steel. Low carbon grades of 304 or 316 stainless steel shall be used NO
when gaskets are made with welds. Where the gasket contact surface of the flange or As actual given in
datasheet
tubesheet is of a higher alloy, the gasket material shall match the chemical composition of
that alloy, unless otherwise specified on the data/requisition sheet.

8.4.1 External bolts and nuts shall conform to Table 11, regardless of whether the flange,
tubesheet, and channel cover materials are carbon steel, low alloy steel, austenitic or nonferrous YES
materials:

9.9 TUBE HOLES

9.9.1 The edge of the first groove shall be located at least 6 mm (1/4 in), plus the specified
corrosion allowance, from the face of the tubesheet. The distance between grooves As per enpro standard
(edge-to-edge) shall be at least 6 mm (1/4 in).

9.1 Tube-to-tubesheet joints

9.10.1 A minimum of 2 % of the tubes per tube bundle, with a minimum of five (5) tubes, shall be
As per code
randomly checked for conformance to this requirement.

9.10.5 Tubes shall be expanded to within 3 mm (1/8 in) of the shell side face tubesheet, to
minimize the crevice between the tubes and tubesheet holes. For welded tube-to-tubesheet
joints without expansion grooves, tube expansion shall be completed after welding, and NO
As per enpro standard
shall consist of a contact roll with 1 % to 3 % tube wall thickness reduction. When tube end procedure
welds are subjected to post weld heat treatment, the final tube expansion shall be
 NO
As per enpro standard
procedure

completed after post weld heat treatment.

9.10.6 The ends of tubes shall extend by at least 1.5 mm (1/16 in), but not by more than 5 mm
YES
(3/16 in) beyond the tubesheet face
9.11.4 External girth flange and floating head flange bolting shall be tightened with a calibrated NO
manual torque wrench, hydraulic torque wrench, pneumatic torque wrench, or bolt As per enpro standard
procedure
tensioning devices.

9.11.5 Floating head flanges shall be re-tightened after the tubeside hydrotest is completed and
YES
prior to installation of the bundle inside the shell or prior to installing the shell cover.

10.2.13 After expanding of tubes, 100 % of tube end welds shall be examined by the
liquid-penetrant method. Any repairs to tube end welds shall be re-examined by the same YES
method.

10.2.15 Circumferential low-finned tubes shall be eddy-current tested by the tube mill, after the fin
YES
extrusion process. Surface cracking at the fin or wall shall not be accepted

10.2.17 All non-destructive testing including radiography, ultrasonic, liquid penetrant, magnetic
particle, hardness, chemical analysis, and impact testing shall also meet the requirements
NO
in DEP 31.22.00.31-Gen.. All non-destructive examination and testing procedures, and As per code
specific NDE and test plans for each equipment item, shall be submitted to the Contractor
for review and acceptance

10.3.11 Gaskets used between the intermediate nozzles of stacked exchangers during the
hydrotest shall be of the same type used in service. The gaskets used for the hydrotest YES
shall be removed and discarded, if the exchangers are not shipped in the stacked position.

10.3.14 For fixed tubesheet exchangers the shellside shall be tested first, with both bonnets or
channel covers removed. The bonnets or channel covers shall then be installed and the YES
tubeside tested;

For U-tube exchangers, if the tubeside test pressure is higher than the shellside test
pressure, then the tubeside shall be tested first with the bundle removed from the shell.
The bundle must be properly supported to prevent distortion during testing. The bundle
shall then be installed in the shell and the shellside tested with the bonnet or channel YES
cover removed. If the shellside test pressure is the higher, then the shellside shall be
tested first with the bonnet or channel cover removed. The bonnet, or channel cover,
shall then be installed and the tubeside tested with the bundle installed in the shell

For floating head heat exchangers, if the tubeside test pressure is higher than the
shellside, then the tubeside shall be tested first with the bundle removed from the shell.
The bundle must be properly supported to prevent distortion during testing. The bundle
shall then be installed in the shell, and the shellside tested with the channel or channel YES
cover removed, and the floating head and the shell cover removed. The Supplier shall
provide a test ring and gland assembly for sealing at the floating tubesheet. The floating
head and shell cover shall then be installed and the shellside retested

If the shellside test pressure is higher than the tubeside, then the shellside shall be
tested first with the bonnet or channel cover removed, the floating head and the shell
cover removed and the test ring and gland assembly fitted at the floating tubesheet. The
YES
channel or channel cover and the floating head shall then be fitted and the tubeside
tested with the bundle fitted to the shell. The shell cover shall then be installed and the
shellside retested

10.5 Test ring and test flange

Heat exchangers with split ring floating heads (S type) shall be provided with a test ring with
packing gland. Each unit of identical heat exchangers performing a common duty shall be
equipped as follows:
YES
• One (1) test ring, for two (2) bundles per unit;
• Two (2) test rings, for three (3) or more bundles per unit;
• Two (2) test rings, for stacked exchangers with direct inter-connections

12.2 DESIGN
The welded connections between a tubesheet and the adjacent cylinder SHALL [PS] be in
accordance with ASME Code Figure UW-13.3, Type (a), (b), (c) or equivalent YES
configurations

APPENDIX 1
MATERIALS FOR USE IN SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS

Seven (7) main groups of materials have been considered:

a) Carbon steel
NO
b) Low temperature carbon steel As per data sheet
c) Stainless steels
d) Copper-based alloys
 As per data sheet

e) Duplex stainless steels

f) Alloy 400 (Monel)
g) Titanium
 ENPRO DOC.NO.:
INDUSTRIES SHELL DEP DESIGN CHECKLIST REV.-0
PVT. LTD PAGE NO. 1 OF 5
DEP 31.21.70.10-Gen. February 2014
Spec. Description with Remark
No. Point Numbers

2.3.2 Exchanger configuration

1 Air-cooled heat exchangers shall not be less than three (3) tube rows deep and shall
not have nominal air face velocities less than 2.0 m/s (400 ft/min).

2 Unless otherwise specified, the air-cooled heat exchanger type shall be forced draught
to facilitate re-tubing and for ease of access to fans, fan bearings as well as to
minimize the exposure of the rotating parts to high temperature.

3 Forced draught arrangements shall be used when the maximum process inlet
temperatures equals or exceeds 150°C (300°F).

4 Induced draught coolers are preferred for services that require a cold end and/or hot
end temperature approach of 11°C (20°F) or less (15°C (27°F) in process critical
services) and have process inlet temperatures less than 150°C (300°F). If outlet air
temperature can exceed the limits for fan, bearings, grease, and appurtenances forced
draught coolers shall be applied.

5 Air-cooled heat exchangers requiring a Type 3 air-side design shall be specified as

forced draught only.

6 Single-pass (non-A frame) air-cooled steam condensers shall not be used, to avoid the
potential for back-flow of steam from the outlet end of the upper rows into the outlet
end of the lower tube rows as this can result in inert blanketing and increased
corrosion.

2.3.3 Tube bundle design

1 If a tube is specified or purchased to a minimum wall specification, the tube thickness
used for thermal and hydraulic purposes shall be 1.1 times the minimum wall
thickness. This is to simulate the actual supplied tube thickness.

2 The minimum in-tube velocities for single phase (non-erosive) liquid streams shall be
as specified in Table 1. For erosive streams, the Principal shall be consulted.

3 The maximum in-tube velocities shall be in accordance with the following:

a. For non-erosive liquids, the velocity head shall be calculated using the
equivalent maximum water velocities as specified in DEP 20.21.00.31-Gen. for
the different tube materials.
b. For dry non-erosive gases, no specific maximum tube velocity limits apply.

4 Tube bundle designs with partial rows per pass at the inlet (hot) end of the process
fluid flow path may require split headers or other methods of restraint relief as
necessary to prevent bowed tubes, roll leaks, and air flow restriction due to unequal
thermal expansion of tube rows. The analytical review shall be included with the
mechanical design calculation documentation.

5 If plain/bare tubes are used, the exterior of the tubes shall be coated in accordance
with the project specification. The coating shall extend over the full length of the
exposed section of the tube plus 3 mm (1/8 in) inside each tubesheet. Thermal
resistance of the coating shall be considered in the heat transfer performance design.
2.3.4 Pressure drop considerations

2.3.4.2 Fouled condition pressure drop

1. Pressure drop in the “fouled” condition shall be estimated for use in hydraulic system
calculations, including pump sizing. Since the thickness and surface roughness of
fouling deposits are not usually known, it is necessary to estimate the increase in
pressure drop above a “clean” condition due to fouling, as it cannot be accurately
calculated by simulation.

2.The pressure drop for the fouled condition shall be estimated by multiplying the
calculated pressure drop for the clean condition by the appropriate factor from Table 3.
Both the “clean” and “fouled” pressure drops shall be shown on the air-cooled heat
exchanger data sheet

2.4 AIR SIDE DESIGN

Air-side design types

1 The three basic types of air-side designs are as follows:

2 Type 2 air-side designs shall comply with clause 7.2.1.12 of DEP 31.21.70.31-Gen.
Type 3 air-side designs shall comply with clause 7.2.1.13 of DEP 31.21.70.31-Gen.

3 The contractor shall specify the type of air-side design (Type 1, 2, or 3) as well as the
process control mode (Mode A, B, or C) for the application. These selections are
based on an understanding of critical temperature of the process fluid and the process
temperature control requirements specified in this section. The final selections shall be
approved by the Principal

2.4.2 The design total air side static pressure drop, including any air-side multiplier applied,
shall not exceed 0.2 kPa (0.029 psi) (20 mm [0.8 in] H2O) without the approval of the
Principal. In no case shall the air side static pressure drop exceed 0.25 kPa (0.036 psi)
(25 mm [1 in] H2O).
2.7 COOLING OF VISCOUS FLUIDS

1. Air-cooled heat exchangers should not be used for fluids with a viscosity greater than
10 cP at the process outlet temperature, or for fluids with a pour point greater than
15°C (60°F).
a. An indirect cooling system should be considered for the above fluids, wherein
the viscous oil or other critical temperature process fluid is cooled in a
conventional tubular exchanger using a heat transfer fluid such as a light oil or
ethylene glycol-water solution as the coolant. The coolant is in turn cooled in
an air-cooled heat exchanger of relatively simple design.
b. Refer to DEP 31.21.20.33-Gen. for information on the design of indirect closed
loop cooling systems.
2. When the viscosity of the fluid to be cooled is greater than 5 cP at the process outlet
temperature, special attention is required to ensure the air-cooled heat exchanger is
designed to avoid laminar and transitional flow regimes in all passes.
a. Sufficient tube velocity and pressure drop is required to promote good fluid
distribution and stable flow within the exchanger.
b. Multiple coils or bundles in parallel shall be provided with controls to equalize
flows through the active paths as well as process temperature control based
on the bulk outlet temperature for individual bays rather than the combined
bulk outlet temperature.
c. Type 3 air-side design arrangements with Mode C process control should be
considered for use.
d. In addition, the use of tube inserts may be considered in these applications
with the approval of the Principal

3. Tube-to-tubesheet joints in viscous fluid service with process inlet temperatures above
120°C (250°F) should be strength welded to minimize potential for tube-to-tubesheet
joint leaks caused by differential thermal expansion.

3 MECHANICAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

1. The design pressure and temperature shall be determined in accordance with

DEP 01.00.01.30-Gen.
2. The design pressure rating of fabricated box headers should normally be a minimum of
345 kPag (50 psig). At this minimum pressure rating, external pressure will typically
not govern the mechanical design and all units can also be rated for full vacuum at the
design temperature.
3. The design temperature shall not exceed the differential thermal expansion constraints
of the tube bundle.

3.2.1 MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION

The materials of construction, along with corrosion allowances to be applied, will

normally be specified in the material selection report for the project.

When there are specific material requirements such as postweld heat treatment or
hardness for the application identified, ASME specific designations and supplemental
notes shall be used.

Pass partition plates and stiffeners in headers shall be of the same material as the
remainder of the header to avoid failures due to differential thermal expansion.

Ferritic materials with low chrome alloy in elevated temperature service are subject to
special requirements not covered entirely by this DEP or DEP 31.21.70.31-Gen.
DEP 31.22.00.31-Gen. Appendix 4 provides additional requirements for these alloys
3.3 TUBES AND FINS

1. Tube length should be maximized, within plot limitations, to provide the lowest cost
unit.
a. For pipe rack mounted air-cooled exchangers, the maximum tube length is
normally based on the pipe rack centre-centre dimension plus 0.6 m (2 ft), to a
maximum tube length of 12.8 m (42 ft).
b. For grade mounted air-cooled exchangers, longer tube lengths may be
considered within available plot limitations.
c. The maximum allowable length or pipe rack centre-centre distance shall be
specified on the data sheet, and the Manufacturer is usually free to optimize
within this limitation.

Tube sizes shall be limited to those that are usually available from major tube supplier
stocks for the particular material. Sizes are usually 25.4 mm (1 in), 31.75 mm (1.25 in),
38.1 mm (1.5 in), and 50.8 mm (2 in), with 25.4 mm (1 in) outside diameter the most
common and the minimum acceptable size. 19.05 mm (3/4 in) outside diameter tubes
may be considered for non-process utility services or other services when approved by
the Principal.

Unless otherwise specified in the material selection report, the corrosion allowance for
tubing shall be not be less than 0.5 mm (0.0197 in) for carbon and low alloy ferritic
steels, and 0.25 mm (0.0098 in) for high alloy tubes. The available corrosion allowance
shall be calculated by the Manufacturer.

3.3.2
The minimum fin tip thickness for integral or extruded fins in locations where
atmospheric corrosion is not of concern shall be 0.20 mm (0.008 in).

Unless otherwise specified, the maximum fin density shall be 394 fins per metre
(10 fins per inch). For offshore facilities, higher fin densities may be considered

Unless otherwise specified, the minimum clearance between the tips of fins on
adjacent tubes shall be 6 mm (1/4 in). For offshore facilities, the clearance may be
reduced to 3 mm (1/8 in).

Fin materials shall be aluminium unless otherwise specified by the Contractor.

3.4 HEADER

1 Plug headers, the least costly standard arrangement, should be used in general for all
services including hydrogen and very toxic services, including those that may require
occasional mechanical cleaning

2 Plug headers in hydrogen, sour, or wet H2S tube side services, or other services
including those identified by the Principal as being subject to crevice corrosion may
require consideration of a two piece plug

3 Removable cover plate headers shall be used for non-hydrogen, non-very toxic
services where mechanical cleaning will routinely be required.
a. Header design pressure shall be less than 3,000 kPa gauge (435 psig) and
design process inlet temperatures shall be less than 204°C (400°F).
b. In cases where heavy fouling or corrosion is anticipated and will require
frequent mechanical cleaning or repairs, a removable cover plate header
should be considered regardless of the above selection criteria, and a suitable
margin above the clean pressure drop shall be applied in the determination of
any pass plate thickness.
c. Header construction and the gasket selection/seal construction require prior
agreement of the Principal.

4 Plug header gaskets shall normally be specified as solid metallic gaskets of metallurgy
compatible to that of the header material.

5 For header gaskets other than plug header gaskets, the type of gasket used shall be
selected in accordance with the design criteria in DEP 31.21.70.31-Gen., Table 3

6 For plug and header material combinations subject to galling, such as austenitic
stainless steel, a pure nickel based lubricant shall be used for installation of the plugs,
unless otherwise specified.
7 All-welded, serpentine type headers with pipe size coils may be used for services
where a minimum number of parallel flow paths is a requirement, such as viscous oil
coolers with high pour point.
Tube bundle expansion considerations
1. Tube bundles should be designed to allow for lateral and longitudinal expansion of the
complete tube bundle within the frame. Longitudinal expansion is achieved by a
floating header and tubesheet, free to slide within the retaining side channels.
2. Where the fluid differential temperatures between the inlet and outlet of multi-pass
bundles exceeds 111°C (200°F), the use of split headers or U-tube construction may
be required for restraint relief. The Manufacturer is required to evaluate restraint relief
requirements in detail in accordance with ISO 13706

Tube-to-tubesheet joints
When a welded tube-to-tubesheet joint is specified on the equipment data sheet, it
shall be specified as a “full” strength welded joint in accordance with ASME Section
VIII, Division 1 paragraph UW-20.2(a).