DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
V Semester
CLOUD COMPUTING
Unit-01
Introduction to Cloud Computing:
Different Computing Paradigms
• Parallel Computing
• Distributed Computing
• Cluster Computing
• Grid Computing
• Cloud Computing
Comparison of various Computing Technologies
Cloud Computing Basics:
• What is Cloud Computing?
• History
• Characteristic Features
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• Applications of CloudComputing
Trends in Cloud Computing
Leading Cloud Platform Service Providers.
DIFFERENT COMPUTING PARADIGMS
1.Parallel Computing:
Parallel computing is defined as a type of computing where multiple
computer systems are used simultaneously. Here a problem is broken into
sub-problems and then further broken down into instructions. These
instructions from each sub problem are executed concurrently on different
processors.
Here in the below diagram you can see how the parallel computing
system consists of multiple processors that communicate with each
other and perform multiple tasks over a shared memory
simultaneously.
The goal of parallel computing is to save time and provide concurrency.
EXAMPLE:
A weather forecasting centre trying to predict the weather for the entire
country.
•The country is divided into many regions as North, South, East,
West.
•Each region’s data like temperature, humidity, wind speed is
collected from satellites and sensors.
•Instead of using one computer to process all the data for the whole
country which would take a lot of time, the system divides the
country into regions and assigns each region to a different processor.
•All processors work at the same time in parallel to calculate the
weather for their region.
•Once all processors finish their work, the results are combined to
generate a full national forecast.
Each processor is solving a part of the problem at the same time,
making the whole system much faster and more efficient just like
parallel computing.
2.Distributed Computing:
Distributed computing is defined as a type of computing where multiple
computer systems work on a single problem. Here all the computer
systems are linked together and the problem is divided into sub problems
where each part is solved by different computer systems.
The goal of distributed computing is to increase the performance and
efficiency of the system and ensure fault tolerance.
In the below diagram, each processor has its own local memory and all
the processors communicate with each other over a network.
EXAMPLE:
When you search something on Google:
• Millions of users are typing search queries at the same time.
• One single computer cannot handle all these searches alone.
• So, Google uses thousands of computers located in data centres
across the world.
• When you type a query, it is sent to a network of distributed servers.
• These servers are connected but each has its own local memory and
task some handle indexing, others fetch relevant pages, and some
rank results.
• All this happens in different locations, but they work together to give
you a fast, accurate result.
In distributed computing, multiple systems located in different places
solve different parts of a big task and communicate over a network
improving performance and ensuring the system doesn’t fail even if
one machine goes down.
3.Cluster Computing:
A cluster is a group of independent computers that work together to
perform the tasks given.
Cluster computing is defined as a type of computing that consists of two
or more independent computers, referred to as nodes, that work together
to execute tasks as a single machine.
The goal of cluster computing is to increase the performance,
scalability and simplicity of the system.
As you can see in the below diagram, all the nodes, (irrespective of
whether they are a parent node or child node), act as a single entity to
perform the tasks.
4.Grid Computing
5.Utility Computing
6.Edge Computing
7.Fog Computing
8.Cloud Computing
